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Report of the Joint Russian-Norwegian Working Group on Arctic Fisheries (JRN-AFWG) 2022

Author(s): Daniel Howell , Bjarte Bogstad (IMR), Anatoly Chetyrkin (VNIRO), Johanna Fall (IMR), Anatoly Filin (VNIRO), Jane Aanestad Godiksen , Hannes Höffle , Edda Johannesen (IMR), Yuri Kovalev (VNIRO), Alexey Russkikh (VNIRO), Dmitri Vasilyev (VNIRO) and Natalia Yaragina (VNIRO)

1 - Executive Summary

On 30 th March 2022 all Russian participation in ICES was temporally suspended. Although the announcement of the suspension stressed the role of ICES as a “multilateral science organization”, this suspension applied not only to research activities, but also to the ICES work providing fisheries advice for the sustainable management of fish stocks and ecosystems. As a result of the suspension, the ICES AFWG provided advice only for saithe, coastal cod north, coastal cod south, and golden redfish ( Sebastes norvegicus ). Northeast Arctic (NEA) cod, haddock and beaked redfish ( Sebastes mentella ) assessments have been conducted outside of ICES in a newly constituted Joint Russian-Norwegian Working Group on Arctic Fisheries (JRN-AFWG). Although this work has been conducted independently of ICES, the methodologies agreed at ICES benchmarks and agreed HCRs (Harvest Control Rules) have been followed in providing this advice.

Advice on fishing opportunities for NEA cod

The NEA cod stock is continuing to decline following a period of moderate recruitment. Following the agreed HCR, the advice is constrained by the interannual stability constraint criteria of 20% annual change in quota. Advice is that catches in 2023 should not exceed 566 784 tonnes. A further decline of catches from 2023 to 2024 and then a stabilization of stock and catch levels is projected.

Advice on fishing opportunities for NEA haddock

Advice is that catches in 2023 should not exceed 170 067 tonnes, down 5% from the advice for 2022. The haddock total stock biomass is declining as the relatively large 2016 yearclass is caught. Model estimates suggest a run of average to very weak yearclasses since 2016, and the stock is therefore expected to decline over the medium term.

Advice on fishing opportunities for beaked redfish ( Sebastes mentella)

Several issues were identified in providing the advice on beaked redfish. First, insufficient age reading in the catches was impacting on the quality of the assessment. This was addressed by using the length data converted with a time-averaged age-length conversion. Secondly, the fishing selectivity has changed significantly since the reference points were last estimated, with the F 19+ (the F bar used in reporting and management) representing an increasing fraction of the catch. As a result, it was not possible to directly apply the previous target F 19+ . Instead, a status quo F approach was applied, in order to keep the overall fishing pressure roughly constant. Following this approach, catches in 2023 should be no more than 66 779 tonnes, and no more than 70 164 tonnes in 2024. The overall stock is in a healthy state, with biomasses continuing to rise.

2 - Introduction

This report presents the details of the stock assessments conducted for Northeast Arctic cod, haddock and beaked redfish ( Sebastes mentella ) in ICES subareas 1 and 2. Due to the temporary suspension of Russian scientists from ICES, this is a joint Russian-Norwegian advice and explicitly not an ICES advice. However, the assessment methodology has followed the standard ICES procedure, using the models approved at ICES benchmarks and the Harvest Control Rules which have been evaluated as precautionary by ICES.

The work presented here would typically form a part of the ICES Arctic Fisheries Working Group (AFWG). In order to keep continuity with previous reports, and to minimize the chances of errors arising from renumbering given the tight deadline to prepare this report, the chapter numbers for each stock chapter are maintained from the last AFWG report (ICES 2021). This also allows for anyone with previous AFWG experience to locate information rapidly and easily. As a result, this report contains Chapter 1 (executive summary), Chapter 2 (this introduction), Chapter 3 (Northeast Arctic cod), Chapter 4 (Northeast Arctic haddock), and Chapter 6 (beaked redfish, S. mentella ).

The meeting was chaired by Daniel Howell, from IMR Norway, and was attended by Anatoly Chetyrkin, Anatoly Filin, Yuri Kovalev, Alexey Russkikh, Natalia Yaragina, and Dmitri Vasilyev from VNIRO, Russia, and Bjarte Bogstad, Johanna Fall, Jane Godiksen, Hannes Höffle, and Edda Johannesen from IMR, Norway. The meeting was conducted on-line in two sessions: 16 th – 20th June 2022 and 25 th -30 th August 2022.

3 - Northeast Arctic Cod (Subareas 1 and 2)

3.1 - Status of the fisheries

3.1.1 - Historical development of the fisheries (Table 3.1)

From a level of about 900 000 t in the mid-1970s, total catch declined steadily to around 300 000 t in 1983—1985 (Table 3.1). Catches increased to above 500 000 t in 1987 before dropping to 212 000 t in 1990, the lowest level recorded in the post-war period. The catches increased rapidly from 1991 onwards, stabilized around 750 000 t in 1994—1997 but decreased to about 414 000 t in 2000. From 2000—2009, the reported catches were between 400 000 and 520 000 t, in addition there were unreported catches (see below). Catches have been above the long-term average since 2011 and have decreased from a peak of 986 449 tonnes in 2014 to 693 000 tonnes in 2019-2020 before increasing to 767 000 tonnes in 2022. The fishery is conducted both with an international trawler fleet and with coastal vessels using traditional fishing gears. Quotas were introduced in 1978 for the trawler fleets and in 1989 for the coastal fleets. In addition to quotas, the fishery is regulated by a minimum catch size, a minimum mesh size in trawls and Danish seines, a maximum bycatch of undersized fish, closure of areas having high densities of juveniles and by seasonal and area restrictions.

3.1.2 - Reported catches prior to 2022 (Tables 3.1-3.4, Figure 3.1)

The provisional catch of cod in Subarea 1 and divisions 2.a and 2.b for 2021 reported to the working group is 810 755 t (including both NEA cod and NCC catches).

Reported catch figures used for the assessment of Northeast Arctic cod:

The historical practice (considering catches between 62°N and 67°N for the whole year and catches between 67°N and 69°N for the second half of the year to be Norwegian coastal cod) has been used for estimating the Norwegian landings of Northeast Arctic cod up to and including 2011 (Table 3.2). The catches of coastal cod subtracted from total cod catches in Subarea 1 and divisions 2.a and 2.b for the period 1960—2021 are given in Table 3.2. For 2012–2021 the Norwegian catches have been analysed by an ECA-version designed for simultaneously providing estimates of catch numbers-at-age for each of the two stocks.

Coastal cod catches in 2021 for the southern and northern area combined were 42 044 tonnes using the current conversion factors between round and gutted weight, and this amount was as in previous years subtracted from the total cod catch north of 62° N to get the figure for NEA cod used in that assessment (Table 3.1 and 3.2). The figure for total coastal cod catch in 2021 using the revised conversion factors, as decided at WKBarFar 2021 and used in the coastal cod assessment was 42 044 tonnes (ICES AFWG 2022 Table 2.1a), which is 3.3 % below the value of 43 471 tonnes using the current conversion factors.

These values for coastal cod are now inconsistent with the coastal cod catches presented in ICES AFWG 2022 Chapter 2, as the coastal cod catch time series were revised at WKBarFar, but not the NEA cod time series. At WKBarFar, the proposal for revision of NEA cod catch data series was rejected, as Norwegian data for many years and age groups (especially ages 12+ in years prior to 2013) were changed considerably and the reason for this was not sufficiently explained. WKBarFar recommended that when the revision of the historical Norwegian catch data is ready it should be submitted to ICES for review, ideally by a review attached to the AFWG.

The catch by area is shown in Table 3.1, and further split into trawl and other gears in Table 3.3. The distribution of catches by areas and gears in 2021 was similar to 2020. The nominal landings by country are given in Table 3.4.

There is information on cod discards (see ICES AFWG 2021 section 0.4) but it was not included in the assessment because these data are fragmented and different estimates are in contradiction with each other. Moreover the level of discards is relatively small in the recent period and inclusion of these estimates in the assessment should not change our perception on NEA cod stock size.

In summer/autumn 2018, a Norwegian vessel caught 441 t of cod in the Jan Mayen EEZ, which is a part of ICES area 2a, mostly by long-line. Cod is known to occasionally occur in this area, but rarely in densities which are suitable for commercial fisheries. The cod caught in this area in 2018 was large (65-110 cm), and otolith readings and genetics both showed this cod to be a mix of Northeast Arctic and Icelandic cod. Norway did in 2019-2020 carry out an experimental long-line fishery during four different periods in each year in order to investigate further the occurrence of cod in this area in space and time as well as stock identity. The size distribution and genetic composition of the cod caught in this area in 2019-2021 was similar to that in 2018, although there was somewhat more smaller cod (< 65 cm) in 2020-2021 than in 2019. Most of the cod caught in April-May 2019 was spawning or spent, while most cod caught in March 2020 had not started spawning. Cod spawning in this area has not been observed prior to 2019. Total catches in 2019 amounted to 628 t, in 2020 to 522 t and in 2021 to 146 t. The 2018 catches in this area were partly counted against the Norwegian TAC for cod north of 62° N , while the 2019 and 2020 TAC for this area comes in addition to the Norwegian TAC for cod as agreed by JNRFC. There has been varying practice considering including those catches in the assessment, they were included in 2020 but the plan is to exclude them for all years in future assessments. Regulations for the fishery in this area for 2022 have not yet been decided upon.

3.1.3 - Unreported catches of Northeast Arctic cod (Table 3.1)

In the years 2002—2008 certain quantities of unreported catches (IUU catches) have been added to the reported landings. More details on this issue are given in the Working group reports for that period.

There are no reliable data on level of IUU catches outside the periods 1990—1994 and 2002—2008, but it is believed that their level was not substantial enough to influence on historical stock assessment.

According to reports from the Norwegian-Russian analysis group on estimation of total catches the total catches of cod since 2009 were very close to officially reported landings.

3.1.4 - TACs and advised catches for 2021 and 2022

The Joint Norwegian-Russian Fisheries Commission (JNRFC) agreed on a cod TAC of 885 600 t for 202 1 , and in addition 21 000 t Norwegian coastal cod. The total reported catch of 800 427 t in 2021 was 106 173 t below the agreed TAC. Since 2015 JNRFC has decided that Norway and Russia can transfer to next year or borrow from last year 10% of the cod country’s quota. That may lead to some deviation between agreed TAC and reported catch. As an extraordinary measure due to expected underfishing of the TAC in 2021, JNRFC decided that it should be possible to transfer 15% of the TAC between 2021 and 2022.

The advice for 2022 given by ACOM in 2021 was 708 480 t based on the agreed harvest control rule. The quota established by JNRFC for 2022 was set equal to the advice. In addition, the TAC for Norwegian Coastal Cod was set to the same value for 2022 as for 2021: 21 000 t.

3.2 - Status of research

3.2.1 - Fishing effort and CPUE (Table A1, Figure 3.4-3.5)

CPUE series of the Norwegian and Russian trawl fisheries are given in Table A1. The data reflect the total trawl effort (Figure 3.4), both for Norway and Russia. The Norwegian series is given as a total for all areas. Norwegian data for 2011–2021 are not necessarily compatible with data for 2007 and previous years. Norwegian CPUE declined from 2020 to 2021 and reached the lowest level in the 2011-2021 time series (Figure 3.5).

3.2.2 - Survey results - abundance and size at age (Tables 3.5, A2-A14)

Some survey results for 2021 were revised since AFWG 2021, for a summary of this, see section 3.2.3.

Joint Barents Sea winter survey (bottom trawl and acoustics) Acronyms: BS-NoRu-Q1 (BTr) and BS-NoRu-Q1 (Aco)

The survey was carried out as planned with good spatial coverage.

Before 2000 this survey was made without participation from Russian vessels, while in 2001—2005, 2008—2016 and 2018-2022 Russian vessels have covered important parts of the Russian zone. In 2006—2007 the survey was carried out only by Norwegian vessels. In 2007, 2016, 2021 and 2022 the Norwegian vessels were not allowed to cover the Russian EEZ. The method for adjustment for incomplete area coverage in 2007 is described in the 2007 report. The same method was used to adjust the 1997-1998 survey indices in the 2016 revision (Mehl et al. 2016). Table 3.5 shows areas covered in the time-series and the additional areas implied in the method used to adjust for missing coverage in the Russian Economic Zone. In 5 of the 8 adjusted years (including 2021) the adjustments were not based on area ratios, but the “index ratio by age” was used. This means that the index by age for the covered area was scaled by the observed ratio between total index and the index for the same area observed in the years prior to the survey. The adjustments for 2017 were based on average index rations by age for 2014–2016. Adjustments were also made in 2020-2021 using the average index ratios by age for 2018-2019 and 2019-2020, respectively.

Regarding the older part of this time-series it should be noted that the survey prior to 1993 covered a smaller area (Jakobsen et al. 1997), and the number of young cod (particularly 1- and 2-year old fish) was probably underestimated. Other changes in the survey methodology through time are described by Jakobsen et al. (1997), while the surveys for the years 2007—2012 and 2013—2018 are reported in Mehl et al. (2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017a). Note that the change from 35 to 22 mm mesh size in the codend in 1994 is not corrected for in the time-series. This mainly affects the age 1 indices.

With the recent expansion of the cod distribution it is likely that in recent years the coverage in the February survey (BS-NoRu-Q1 (BTr) and BS-NoRu-Q1 (Aco)) has been incomplete, in particular for the younger ages. This could cause a bias in the assessment, but the magnitude is unknown. The 2014–2022 surveys covered considerably larger areas than earlier winter surveys, and showed that most age groups of cod (particularly ages 1 and 2) were distributed far outside the standard survey area. The bottom trawl survey estimates including the extended area for 2014-2022 were used in the tuning data separately from the same index before 2014, as decided at WkBarFar 2021.

Lofoten acoustic survey on spawners Acronym: Lof-Aco-Q1

The estimated abundance indices from the Norwegian acoustic survey off Lofoten and Vesterålen (the main spawning area for this stock) in March/April are given in Table A4. A description of the survey, sampling effort and details of the estimation procedure can be found in Korsbrekke (1997). The 2022 survey results in biomass terms was 182 thousand tonnes, this is 21 % below the 2021 level and the lowest since 2006.

Russian autumn survey Acronym: RU-BTr-Q4

Abundance estimates from the Russian autumn survey (November-December) are given in Table A9 (acoustic estimates) and Table A10 (bottom trawl estimates). The entire bottom trawl time-series was in 2007 revised backwards to 1982 (Golovanov et al., 2007, WD3), using the same method as in the revision presented in 2006, which went back to 1994. The new swept area indices reflect Northeast Arctic cod stock dynamics more precisely compared to the previous one - catch per hour trawling. The Russian autumn survey in 2006 was carried out with reduced area coverage. Divisions 2a and 2b were adequately investigated in the survey in contrast to Subarea 1, where the survey covered approximately 40% of the long-term average area coverage. The Subarea 1 survey indices were calculated based on actual covered area (40 541 sq. miles). The 2007 AFWG decided to use the “final" year class indices without any correction because of satisfactory internal correspondence between year class abundances at age 2—9 years according to the 2006 survey and ones due to the previous surveys.

This survey was not conducted in 2016 , but was carried out in 2017, when 79% of the standard survey area was covered (Sokolov et al 2018, WD 11). The index shows a reliable internal consistence and it was decided to use it in the assessment. This survey was not carried out in 2018-2021 and will likely be discontinued.

Joint Ecosystem survey Acronym: Eco-NoRu-Q3 (Btr)

Swept area bottom trawl estimates from the joint Norwegian-Russian ecosystem survey in August-September for the period 2004–2021 are given in Table A14. This survey normally covers the entire distribution area of cod at that time of the year.

In 2014 this survey had an essential problem with area coverage in the north-west region because of difficult ice conditions. In the area covered by ice in 2014 a substantial part of population was distributed during 2013 survey. So, based on those observations AFWG decided in 2015 to exclude 2014 year from that tuning series in current assessment. In 2016 there was incomplete coverage in the international waters and close to the Murman coast. An adjustment for this incomplete coverage was made based on interpolation from adjacent areas (Kovalev et al 2017, WD 12). At this time of the year, usually a relatively small part of the cod stock is found in the area which was not covered in 2016. In 2017 and 2019 the coverage was close to complete, although the far northeastern part of the survey area (west of the north island of Novaya Zemlya) was not covered due to military restrictions. In 2018, a large area in the eastern part of the Barents Sea was not covered Thus it was decided not to include 2018 data from this survey in the assessment.

The coverage in 2020 was less synoptic than usual, as explained in Section 0.6. As the survey indices from the BESS 2020 showed an unexplainable large decline compared to the 2019 indices, it was considered to exclude 2020 indices from this survey, but it was decided to keep them in and re-evaluate next year whether they should still be included in the assessment. The 2021 coverage was good, although as in several previous years, most of the international waters in the Barents Sea was not covered. The mentioned re-evaluation has not been carried out.

The survey indices are calculated both the BioFox and StoX calculation methods, and as in earlier years, the Biofox series was used in the tuning. A research recommendation from WkBarFar was to unify these two methods for estimating indices from ecosystem survey. However, the benchmark decided to use weight at age from the StoX in calculations of weight at age used in the assessment.

Survey results - length and weight-at-age (Tables A5-A8, A11-A12, A15)

Length-at-age is shown in Table A5 for the Norwegian survey in the Barents Sea in winter, in Table A7 for the Lofoten survey and in Table A11 for the Russian survey in October-December. Weight-at-age is shown in Table A6 for the Norwegian survey in the Barents Sea in winter, in Table A8 for the Lofoten survey, Table A12 for the Russian survey in October-December and Table A15 for the BESS survey (calculated using StoX).

Length and weight at age in the Lofoten survey increased from 2021 to 2022 for age groups 5-6 and 8-11. The size at age in the BESS survey was about the same in 2021 as in 2020.

3.2.3 - Revision of 2021 survey results

Some errors in StoX software were found in summer 2021, affecting the 2021 winter survey results (bottom trawl and acoustic) for cod and haddock and thus a revised assessment was carried out in September 2021 for both stocks (as described in the AFWG 2021 report executive summary). Also an error in calculating the 12+ group for the bottom trawl survey for use in the tuning was corrected. After that some additional errors in StoX software have been found and corrected, final estimates for 2021 are in the survey report which is now published (Fall et al. 2022). In addition, the 2020 ecosystem survey indices and weight at age as well as the 2021 Lofoten survey indices and weight at age have been revised.

3.2.4 - Age reading

The joint Norwegian-Russian work on cod otolith reading has continued, with regular exchanges of otoliths and age readers (see ICES AFWG 2021 chapter 0.7). The results of fifteen years of annual comparative age readings are described in Yaragina et al. (2009). Zuykova et al. (2009) re-read old otoliths and found no significant difference in contemporary and historical age determination and subsequent length at age. However, age at first maturation in the historical material as determined by contemporary readers is younger than that determined by historical readers. Taking this difference into account would thus have effect on the spawning stock-recruitment relationship and thus on the biological reference points. The overall percentage agreement for the 2017–2018 exchange was 87.7% (WD 8, ICES 2020). The main reason for cod ageing discrepancies between Russian and Norwegian specialists remains the same, representing the latest summer growth zone, and different interpretations of the false zones. The general trend is that the Russian readers assign slightly lower ages than the Norwegian readers compared to the modal age for all age groups. This is opposite of what we have seen in previous readings, where the Russian readers has tended to be slightly overestimating the age compared to the Norwegian readers.

The trend with bias in NEA cod age determination registered for some years of the period 1992–2018 between experts of both countries is a solid argument to continue comparative cod age reading between PINRO and IMR to monitor the situation. The German participant has expressed an intention to join the age reading cooperation in future.

3.3 - Data available for use in assessment

Data for the period 1946–1983 are taken from the AFWG 2001 report (ICES CM 2001/ACFM:19) and were not revised at the WKBarFar benchmark in 2021.

3.3.1 - Catch-at-age (Table 3.6)

For 2021, age compositions from all areas were available from Norway, Russia, Spain and Germany.

There is still a concern about the biological sampling from parts of the Norwegian fishery that may be too low. Also the split between NEA cod and coastal cod may be affected by the sampling coverage.

3.3.2 - Survey indexes available for use in assessment (Table 3.13, A13)

The following survey data series were available:

Fleet code Name Place Season Age Years
Fleet 15* Joint bottom trawl survey Barents Sea Feb-Mar 3–12+ 1981–2013, 2014-2022
Fleet 16 Joint acoustic survey Barents Sea+Lofoten Feb-Mar 3–12+ 1985–2022
Fleet 18 Russian bottom trawl surv. Total area Oct-Dec 3–12+ 1982–2017
Fleet 007 Ecosystem surv. Total area Aug-Sep 3–12+ 2004–2021

*Survey indices for Fleet 15 were divided by two series (before and after 2014) in model tuning as decided at WKBarFar 2021.

The tuning fleet file is shown in Table 3.13. Note that the joint acoustic survey (sum of Barents Sea and Lofoten acoustic survey indices) is given in Table A13.

Survey indices for Fleet 15 have been multiplied by a factor 100, while survey indices for Fleets 007, 16 and 18 have been multiplied by a factor 10. This is done to keep the dynamics of the surveys even for very low indices, because some models (e.g. XSA) adds 1.0 to the indices before the logarithm is taken.

3.3.3 - Weight-at-age (Tables 3.7-3.9, A2, A4, A6, A8, A12).

Catch weights

For 2021, weight-at-age in the catch for areas 1, 2a and 2b was provided by Norway, Russia, Spain and Germany (Table 3.7). For ages up to and including 11, observations are used. Following the WKBarFar 2021 decision, weight at age in catch for the years 1983-present for ages 12-15+ are calculated by a cohort-based von Bertalanffy approach used to replace previous fixed values.

Stock weights

For ages 1—11 stock weights-at-age at the start of year y (Wa,y) for 1983—2022 are calculated combining, when available, weight at age from the Winter, Lofoten, Russian autumn and ecosystem surveys. The details are given in the Stock Annex. For ages 12-15+ a similar approach as for weight at age in the catch was used.

3.3.4 - Natural mortality including cannibalism (Table 3.12, Table 3.17)

A natural mortality (M) of 0.2 + cannibalism was used. Cannibalism is assumed to only affect natural mortality of ages 3-6.

2021 data are available and 2020 data have been updated.

The method used for calculation of the prey consumption by cod described by Bogstad and Mehl (1997) is used to calculate the consumption of cod by cod for use in cod stock assessment. The consumption is calculated based on cod stomach content data taken from the joint PINRO-IMR stomach content database (methods described in Mehl and Yaragina 1992). On average about 9000 cod stomachs from the Barents Sea have been analysed annually in the period 1984—2021.

These data are used to calculate the per capita consumption of cod by cod for each half-year (by prey age groups 0—6 and predator age groups 1–11+). It was assumed that the mature part of the cod stock is found outside the Barents Sea for three months during the first half of the year. Thus, consumption by cod in the spawning period was omitted from the calculations.

An iterative procedure was applied to include the per capita consumption data in the SAM run. It is described in detail in Stock Annex.

For the cod assessment data from annual sampling of cod stomachs has been used for estimating cannibalism, since the 1995 assessment. The argument has been raised that the uncertainty in such calculations are so large that they introduce too much noise in the assessment. A rather comprehensive analysis of the usefulness of this was presented in Appendix 1 in the 2004 AFWG report. The conclusion was that it improves the assessment.

The data on cod cannibalism for the historical period (1946—1983) was included in assessment during the benchmark to make the time-series consistent (ICES 2015a, WKARCT 2015). These estimates were based on hindcasted values of NEA cod natural mortality at ages 3—5 using PINRO data base on food composition from cod stomach for the historical period (Yaragina et al. 2018).

3.3.5 - Maturity-at-age (Tables 3.10-3.11)

Historical (pre–1982) Norwegian and Russian time-series on maturity ogives were reconstructed by the 2001 AFWG meeting (ICES CM 2001/ACFM:19). The Norwegian maturity ogives were constructed using the Gulland method for individual cohorts, based on information on age at first spawning from otoliths. For the time period 1946—1958 only the Norwegian data were available. The Russian proportions mature-at-age, based on visual examinations of gonads, were available from 1959.

Since 1982 Russian and Norwegian survey data have been used (Table 3.10). For the years 1985—2022, Norwegian maturity-at-age ogives have been obtained by combining the Barents Sea winter survey and the Lofoten survey. Russian maturity ogives from the autumn survey as well as from commercial fishery for November-February are available from 1984 until present. The Norwegian maturity ogives tend to give a higher percent mature-at-age compared to the Russian ogives, which is consistent with the generally higher growth rates observed in cod sampled by the Norwegian surveys. The percent mature-at-age for the Russian and Norwegian surveys have been arithmetically averaged for all years, except 1982—1983 when only Norwegian observations were used and 1984 when only Russian observations were used.

Russian data for the autumn survey for 2018 and later years were not available as the survey was not conducted. In WD1 5 , 2019, updated correction factors to allow for this when calculating the combined maturity-at-age in 2019 were calculated, based on historical differences between Norwegian and Russian data. These correction factors were then applied to the Norwegian data for 2020-2022.

The approach used for calculating maturity at age is the same as previously used and consistent with the approach used to estimate the weight-at-age in the stock, except that no data from the BESS survey are used. However, since survey data, both abundance indices and proportion mature, have been revised, the entire time series of ogives back to 1994 was revised at the benchmark. The proportions of mature cod for age 13–15 are set to 1 for the period 1984–present.

Maturity-at-age for cod has been variable the last five years, particularly for ages 6–9. According to the combined data, maturity at age decreased in 2015–2016, then increased, but decreased again from 2019 to 2022 for most age groups (Table 3.11).

3.4 - Assessment using SAM

3.4.1 - SAM settings (Table 3.14)

The SAM model settings optimised by WKBarFar are shown in Table 3.14.

3.4.2 - SAM diagnostics (Figure 3.1 and 3.2 a-c)

Residuals for the SAM run are shown in Figure 3.2a, while retrospective plots of F, SSB and recruitment are shown in Figure 3.2b. Figure 3.2c shows the catchability by survey and age group and Figure 3.2d compares observed and modelled catches in tonnes.

The retrospective pattern is generally very good (Figure 3.2b), with values of Mohn’s rho of 0-2% both for SSB, R and F.

The observed catch in tonnes in 2021 is higher than modelled, and just inside the confidence interval.

3.4.3 - Results of assessment (Tables 3.15-3.18, 3.20 , Figure 3.1)

Summaries of landings, fishing mortality, stock biomass, spawning stock biomass and recruitment since 1946 are given in Table 3.18 and Figure 3.1.

The fishing mortalities and population numbers are given in Tables 3.15 and 3.16.

The estimated F5-10 in 2021 is 0.48, which is above Fpa (Table 3.18). Fishing mortality has been increasing slowly in recent years. The spawning stock biomass in 2022 is estimated to be 833 kt (Table 3.20), which is high but much lower than the peak in 2013 (2,271 kt). One should bear in mind that in the early part of the time-series (before the 1980s) the fraction at age of mature fish was considerably lower.

Total stock biomass in 2022 is estimated to 1,98 5  kt, which is close to the long-term mean and well below the highest level observed after 1955 (3,766 kt in 2013).

It is noted that the exploitation pattern is still dome-shaped with a marked decrease in selectivity above age 12, although the dome-shape is not as strong than in assessments made before the 2021 benchmark.

M values (M = 0.2+cannibalism mortality) are given in Table 3.17. For ages 3—5 the M matrix in 1946—1983 also includes M2 since the benchmark meeting in 2015 (WKARCT 2015).

3.5 - Reference points and harvest control rules

The current reference points for Northeast Arctic cod were estimated by SGBRP (ICES CM 2003/ACFM:11) and adopted by ACFM at the May 2003 meeting.

At the 46th session of JRNFC a new version of the management rule was adopted (see section 3.7.3). The TAC advice for 2022 is based on the agreed harvest control rule.

3.5.1 - Biomass reference points

The values adopted by ACFM in 2003 are Blim = 220 000 t, Bpa = 460 000 t. (ICES CM 2003/ACFM:11).

3.5.2 - Fishing mortality reference points

The values adopted by ACFM in 2003 are Flim = 0.74 and Fpa = 0.40. (ICES CM 2003/ACFM:11). The Fmsy for NEA cod was estimated by WKBaRFar 2021 to be in the range 0.40 - 0.60.

3.5.3 - Harvest control rule

The history of how the harvest control rule has developed is given in the 2017 AFWG report. JNRFC in 2015 asked ICES to explore the consequences of 10 different harvest control rules. This was done by WKNEAMP (ICES 2015b, 2016). JNRFC in 2016 adopted one of the rules explored by WKNEAMP (Rule 6 in that report).

The current rule reads as follows:

The TAC is calculated as the average catch predicted for the coming 3 years using the target level of exploitation (Ftr ).

The target level of exploitation is calculated according to the spawning stock biomass (SSB) in the first year of the forecast as follows:

- if SSB < Bpa, then Ftr = SSB / Bpa × Fmsy ;

- if Bpa ≤ SSB ≤ 2×Bpa, then Ftr = Fmsy ;

- if 2×Bpa < SSB < 3×Bpa, then Ftr = Fmsy × (1 + 0.5 × (SSB - 2×Bpa) / Bpa );

- if SSB ≥ 3×Bpa, then Ftr = 1.5 × Fmsy ;

where Fmsy=0.40 and Bpa =460 000 tonnes.

If the spawning stock biomass in the present year, the previous year and each of the three years of prediction is above Bpa, the TAC should not be changed by more than +/- 20% compared with the previous year’s TAC. In this case, Ftr should however not be below 0.30.

3.6 - Prediction

3.6.1 - Prediction input (Tables 3.16, 3.19a , Figure 3. 3 )

The input data to the short-term prediction with management option table (2022—2025) are given in Table 3.19a. For 2022 stock weights and maturity were calculated from surveys as described in Sections 3.3.2 and 3.3.4.

Catch weights in 2022 onwards and stock weights in 2023 and onwards for age 3–11 are predicted by the method described by Brander (2002), where the latest observation of weights by cohort are used together with average annual increments to predict the weight of the cohort the following year. The method is given by the equation

W(a+1,y+1)=W(a,y) + Incr(a), where Incr(a) is a “medium term” average of Incr(a,y)= W(a+1,y+1)-W(a,y)

This method was introduced in the cod prediction in the 2003 working group. Since 2005 working group an average of the 3 most recent values of annual increments have been used for predicting stock weights. For catch weights the last 5-year period for averaging the increments is used (changed from 10-year period at the benchmark).

The maturity ogive for the years 2023—2025 was predicted by using the 2020-2022 average. The exploitation pattern in 2022 and later years was set equal to the previous 5 years according to the benchmark decision and as described at Stock Annex.

The stock number-at-age in 2022 was taken from the final SAM run (Table 3.16) for ages 4 and older. The recruitment at age 3 in the years 2022—2025 was estimated as described in section 3.7.2. Figure 3. 3 shows the development in natural mortality due to cannibalism for cod (prey) age groups 1-3 together with the abundance of capelin in the period 1984—2021. There was no clear trend in natural mortality, and the average M values for the last 3 years are used to predict natural mortality of age groups 3—6 for years 2022—2025 (based on benchmark decision, WKARCT 2015 and unchanged at WKBaRFar 2021).

The assessment shows a slightly increasing F from 2015 to 2021. In accordance with the benchmark decision (WKARCT 2015, not reviewed at WKBarFar 2021) and with support from AFWG-2019 WD 11 (Kovalev and Chetyrkin, 2019), the last year’s assessment F in terminal year 2021 (status quo) is used for F in the intermediate year (2022). Table 3.19 shows input data to the predictions. The results of prediction show that the catch in 2022 predicted using Fsq is about 68 kt less than the agreed TAC. As the coastal cod catch in recent years has been about 20 kt higher than the TAC of 21 kt, this means that if the total TAC for Northeast arctic cod and Coastal cod will be taken, the predicted catch using Fsq will be about 48 kt below the TAC. Reported catches so far in 2022 indicate that the catches will be somewhat above the TAC of 708 480 tonnes, as the TAC in 2021 was underfished and a considerable amount (105 584 tonnes) was transferred to 2022.

3.6.2 - Recruitment prediction (Table 3.19b-d )

At the 2008 AFWG meeting it was decided to use a hybrid model, which is a weighted arithmetic mean of different recruitment models. It was agreed to use the same approach this year. The input data for those models are the following time-series; ice coverage, intensity of interaction between the arctic and boreal oceanic systems on the shelf of the Barents Sea, temperature and oxygen saturation at the Kola section. Input data to he prediction are presented in Tables 3.19b-c and prognosis from all the models, including the hybrid is presented in Table 3.19d. Since 2014 the hybrid model is based on objective weighting of different sub-models and includes the RCT3 model (see AFWG report 2021 section 1.4 for details). The numbers-at-age 3 calculated by the hybrid method were: 476 million for the 2019 year class, 566 million for the 2020 year class, 383 million for the 2021 year class and 315 million for the 2022 year class (Table 3.19d).

Although age 3 indices from the winter bottom trawl and acoustic surveys are now also included in the SAM tuning, it was decided at the benchmark to continue using in the predictions recruitment estimates at age 3 in the assessment year ( intermediate year in prediction) from the hybrid model. The difference between the SAM estimate and the hybrid model estimate of age 3 in 2022 was large (189 vs. 476 million individuals).

The values used for the 2019 and 2020 year classes in the prediction are higher than the very low survey indices for those year classes at age 1 and 2 indicate.

3.6.3 - Prediction results (Tables 3.20-3.21)

The catch corresponding to Fsq in 2022 is 641 kt (Table 3.20). The resulting SSB in 2023 is 751 kt, which is 10 % lower than the SSB in 2022. Table 3.20 shows the short-term consequences over a range of F-values in 2023. The detailed outputs corresponding to Fsq in 2022 and the F corresponding to the HCR and Fpa in 2023 is given in Table 3.21. Summarised results are shown in the text table below.

Since SSB in 2022 is between Bpa =460 000 t and 2 × Bpa = 920 000 t, F = 0.40 is used in the 3-year prediction, giving catches of 487 049,  476 906 and 468 560  tonnes in 2023, 2024 and 2025, respectively. The average of this is 477 505  tonnes. According to the HCR the maximum year-to-year decrease in TAC is limited by 20 % which corresponds to a TAC of 566 784 tonnes for 2023. The resulted TAC for 2023 in accordance with the management plan is shown in the table below.

Cod in subareas 1 and 2. Annual catch options. All weights are in tonnes.

Basis Total catch (2023) Ftotal (2023) SSB(2024) % SSB change * % TAC change ** % Advice change ***
ICES advice basis  
Management plan^ 566 784 0.48 668 851 -11 -20 -20
Other options  
MSY approach: FMSY 487 049 0.40 731 342 -3 -31 -31
F = 0 0 0 1 134 101 51 -100 -100
F = F2021 564 475 0.4810 670 645 -11 -20 -20
Fpa 487 049 0.40 731 342 -3 -31 -31
Flim 775 883 0.74 510 976 -32 10 10

Weights in tonnes.

^ 20 % decrease from TAC 2022

* SSB 2024 relative to SSB 2023.

** Catch 2023 relative to TAC 2022

*** Advice for 2023 relative to advice for 2022

This catch forecast covers all catches. It is then implied that all types of catches are to be counted against this TAC. It also means that if any overfishing is expected to take place, the above calculated TAC should be reduced by the expected amount of overfishing.

3.6.4 - Medium-term predictions

The medium-term prediction indicates that if the HCR is followed, the stock size should stop declining and stabilize from 2024 onwards, around the following values: total stock 1.7 million tonnes and SSB 700 000 tonnes, with corresponding catch levels around 450 000 tonnes.

3.7 - Comparison with last year’s assessment and prediction

3.7.1 - Comparison to 2021 assessment (Figure 3.7)

The text tables below compare this year’s estimates with the final 2021 AFWG estimates for numbers at age (millions), total biomass, spawning biomass (thousand tonnes) in 2021, as well as reference F for the year 2020.

tabell

In the current assessment, the number at ages 10-14 was adjusted upwards slightly compared to the 2021 AFWG assessment. For younger ages, the changes went in both directions, but mostly there was a decrease from 2021 assessment, with ages 6 and 7 being the main exception. On the other hand, the plus group in 2021 was adjusted downwards. TSB, SSB and F were very close to the previous assessment.

3.7.2 - Comparison to prediction

The change in the advice is large compared to last year. The advice for 2023 is 566 784 tonnes, while the advice for 2022 given by ICES was 708 480 tonnes.

The assessed stock in 2022 in comparison with the assessment in 2021 was very similar. The main tendency for stock decrease in coming years was similar. The average catch predicted for the coming 3 years, using the mentioned target level of exploitation (Ftr) in the HCR resulted in TAC advice equal to 566 784 t. This value corresponds to the - 20 % limit on year-to-year TAC change  stated in the HCR, and is higher than the value without applying such a constraint (477 505 t).

3.8 - Concerns with the assessment

The WG realizes that imprecise input data, in particular the catch-at-age matrix, and discontinuation of some surveys as well as incomplete spatial coverage and reduced synopticity in surveys could be a main obstacle to producing precise stock assessments, regardless of which model is used.

3.9 - Additional assessment methods

All models use the same tuning data.

3.9.1 - TISVPA (Tables 3.22-3.24, Figure 3.6a-c )

This year the TISVPA model was applied to NEA cod with the same settings as last year and using the same data as SAM except that natural mortality values from cannibalism were taken from the SAM runs. During WG the results of exploratory runs using the TISVPA model were discussed. The residuals of the model approximation of catch-at-age and “fleets” data are presented in Figure 3.6a. Likelihood profiles for different data source are presented in Figure 3.6b. Retrospective run results are shown in Figure 3.6c. The results (Tables 3.22-3.24) generally support the results of the SAM model, with a similar SSB estimate but a lower TSB estimate in 2022 as well as a higher F estimate in 2021.

3.9.2 - Model comparisons ( Figures 3.2a, 3.6a, 3.7)

Figure 3.7 compares the results of SAM and TISVPA, showing F, SSB, TSB and recruitment. F in 2021 and SSB in 2022 is very similar for all models, while TSB and recruitment in recent years is lower in TISVPA than in SAM. Both models demonstrates a stable retrospective pattern (F igures 3.2a, 3.6c).

3.10 - New and revised data sources

This section describes some data sources, which could be revised or included in the assessment in the future.

3.10.1 - Consistency between NEA cod and coastal cod catch data (Table 3.2)

Consistency between the catch data used for NEA cod and coastal cod should be ensured. The revised catch figures used in the coastal cod assessment do not correspond to the difference between the total cod catch and the catch used in the NEA cod assessment (Table 3.2). These discrepancies will be adjusted when the NEA cod catch series are revised (section 3.2.2).

3.10.2 - Discard and bycatch data

Work on updating discard and bycatch data series is ongoing. Revised bycatch estimates in numbers for the period 2005-2020 are described in AFWG-2021 Section 0.6. At WKARCT in 2015 it was, however, decided not to include those data in the catch-at-age matrix.

The bycatch mainly consists of age 1 and 2 fish, but the bycatch is generally small compared to other reported sources of mortality: catches, discards and the number of cod eaten by cod. From 1992 onwards, bycatches of age 3 and older fish are negligible, because use of sorting grids was made mandatory. However, in 1985, bycatches of age 5 and 6 cod were about one third of the reported catches for those age groups. The year class for which the bycatches were highest, was the 1983 year class (total bycatch of age 2 and older fish of about 60 million, compared to a stock estimate of about 1300 million at age 3.


3.11 - References

Brander, K. 2002. Predicting weight at age. Internal ICES note to assessment working groups. 2003. Software implementation of process models. Working Document No. 2 to the Arctic Fisheries Working Group, San Sebastian, Spain, 23 April- 2 May 2003.

Fall, J., Wenneck, T. de Lange, Bogstad, B., Fuglebakk, E., Godiksen, J., Korsbrekke, K., Seim, S. E., Skage, M. L., Staby, A., Tranang, C. Aa., Windsland, K., Russkikh, A. A., and Kharlin, S. 2022. Fish investigations in the Barents Sea winter 2021. IMR-PINRO Joint Report Series 1-2022, 100 pp.

Golovanov S.E., Sokolov A.M., and Yaragina, N.A. 2007. Revised indices of the Northeast Arctic cod abundance according to the 1982-2006 data from Russian trawl-acoustic survey (TAS). Working Document #3 for AFWG 2007.

ICES 2001. Report of the Arctic Fisheries Working Group. Bergen, Norway, 24 April – 3 May 2001. ICES CM 2001/ACFM:19. 380 pp.

ICES 2003. Study Group on Biological Reference Points for Northeast Arctic Cod. Svanhovd, Norway 13-17 January 2003. ICES CM 2003/ACFM:11.

ICES 2015a. Report of the first Workshop on Management Plan Evaluation on Northeast Arctic cod and haddock and Barents Sea capelin ( WKNEAMP-1) , , . ICES CM 2015/ACOM:60, 27 pp.

ICES. 2015b. Report of the Benchmark Workshop on Arctic Stocks (WKARCT), 26-30 January 2015, ICES Headquarters, Denmark. ICES CM 2015\ACOM:31. 126 pp.

ICES 2016. Report of the second Workshop on Management Plan Evaluation on Northeast Arctic cod and haddock and Barents Sea capelin (WKNEAMP-2) , 25-28 January 2016, Kirkenes, Norway. ICES CM 2016/ACOM:47, 76 pp.

ICES. 2021. Benchmark Workshop for Barents Sea and Faroese Stocks (WKBARFAR 2021).

ICES Scientific Reports. 3:21. 205 pp. https://doi.org/10.17895/ices.pub.7920

ICES. 2021. Arctic Fisheries Working Group (AFWG). ICES Scientific Reports 3:58. 817 pp. https://doi.org/10.17895/ices.pub.8196

Jakobsen, T., Korsbrekke, K., Mehl, S., and Nakken, O. 1997. Norwegian combined acoustic and bottom trawl surveys for demersal fish in the Barents Sea during winter. ICES CM 1997/Y:17.

Korsbrekke, K. 1997. Norwegian acoustic survey of Northeast Arctic cod on the spawning grounds off Lofoten. ICES C.M 1997/Y:18.

Kovalev, Y., and Chetyrkin, A. 2019. What does NEA cod want for prediction - Fsq or TAC constrain? Working Document No. 11 to the Arctic Fisheries Working Group. ICES. 2019. Arctic Fisheries Working Group (AFWG). ICES Scientific Reports. 1:30. 934 pp.

Mehl, S., Aglen, A., Alexandrov, D.I., Bogstad, B., Dingsør, G.E., Gjøsæter, H., Johannesen, E., Korsbrekke, K., Murashko, P.A., Prozorkevich, D.V., Smirnov, O., Staby, A., and Wenneck, T. de Lange, 2013. Fish investigations in the Barents Sea winter 2007-2012. IMR-Pinro Joint Report Series 1-2013, 97 pp.

Mehl, S., Aglen, A., Bogstad, B., Dingsør, G.E., Gjøsæter, H., Godiksen, J., Johannesen, E., Korsbrekke, K., Staby, A., Wenneck, T. de Lange, Wienerroither, R., Murashko, P. A., and Russkikh, A. 2014. Fish investigations in the Barents Sea winter 2013-2014. IMR-PINRO Joint Report Series 2-2014, 73 pp.

Mehl, S. Aglen, A., Amelkin, A., Dingsør, G.E., Gjøsæter, H., Godiksen, Staby, A., Wenneck, T. de Lange, and Wienerroither, R. 2015. Fish investigations in the Barents Sea, winter 2015. IMR-PINRO report series 2-2015. 61 pp.

Mehl, S., Aglen, A., Bogstad, B., Dingsør, G.E., Korsbrekke, K., Olsen, E., Staby, A., Wenneck, T. de Lange, Wienerroither, R., Amelkin, A. V., and Russkikh, A. A. 2016. Fish investigations in the Barents Sea winter 2016. IMR-PINRO Joint Report Series 4-2016, 78 pp.

Mehl, S., Aglen, A., Bogstad, B., Staby, A., Wenneck, T. de Lange, and Wienerroither, R., 2017. Fish investigations in the Barents Sea winter 2017. IMR-PINRO Joint Report Series 2-2017, 87 pp.

Sokolov A., Russkikh A., Kharlin S., Kovalev Yu. A., and Yaragina N.A. 2018. Results of the Russian trawl-acoustic survey on cod and haddock in the Barents Sea and adjacent waters in October-December 2017. Working Document no. 11. ICES Arctic Fisheries Working Group, ICES CM 2018/ACOM:06.

Thygesen, U. H., Albertsen, C. M., Berg, C. W., Kristensen, K., and Nielsen, A. 2017. Validation of ecological state space models using the Laplace approximation Environmental and Ecological Statistics 24 (2): 317-339.

WD 15. 2019. Updated mean ratios between the combined and Norwegian data on weight at age and maturity at age in Northeast Arctic cod. Working document no 15, AFWG 2019.

Yaragina N.A. Nedreaas K.H., Koloskova V., Mjanger H., Senneset H., Zuykova N. and Ǻgotnes P. 2009. Fifteen years of annual Norwegian-Russian cod comparative age readings. Marine Biology Research 5(1): 54-65.

Zuykova N.V., Koloskova V.P., Mjanger H., Nedreaas K.H., Senneset H., Yaragina N.A., Ågotnes P. and Aanes S. 2009. Age determination of Northeast Arctic cod otoliths through 50 years of history. Marine Biology Research 5(1): 66-74.

Zuykova N.V., Mjanger H. et al. 2020. Report on the meeting between Norwegian and Russian age reading specialists at Polar Branch of FSBSI “VNIRO” Murmansk, 20-24 May 2019. Working document no 8 in: Report of the Arctic Fisheries Working Group (AFWG), 15-22 April 2020. ICES CM 2015/ACOM:05. 639 pp.


3.12 - Tables and figures

Year Subarea 1 Division 2.a Division 2.b Unreported catches Total catch
1961 409 694 153 019 220 508   783 221
1962 548 621 139 848 220 797   909 266
1963 547 469 117 100 111 768   776 337
1964 206 883 104 698 126 114   437 695
1965 241 489 100 011 103 430   444 983
1966 292 253 134 805 56 653   483 711
1967 322 798 128 747 121 060   572 605
1968 642 452 162 472 269 254   1 074 084
1969 679 373 255 599 262 254   1 197 226
1970 603 855 243 835 85 556   933 246
1971 312 505 319 623 56 920   689 048
1972 197 015 335 257 32 982   565 254
1973 492 716 211 762 88 207   792 685
1974 723 489 124 214 254 730   1 102 433
1975 561 701 120 276 147 400   829 377
1976 526 685 237 245 103 533   867 463
1977 538 231 257 073 109 997   905 301
1978 418 265 263 157 17 293   698 715
1979 195 166 235 449 9 923   440 538
1980 168 671 199 313 12 450   380 434
1981 137 033 245 167 16 837   399 037
1982 96 576 236 125 31 029   363 730
1983 64 803 200 279 24 910   289 992
1984 54 317 197 573 25 761   277 651
1985 112 605 173 559 21 756   307 920
1986 157 631 202 688 69 794   430 113
1987 146 106 245 387 131 578   523 071
1988 166 649 209 930 58 360   434 939
1989 164 512 149 360 18 609   332 481
1990 62 272 99 465 25 263 25 000 212 000
1991 70 970 156 966 41 222 50 000 319 158
1992 124 219 172 532 86 483 130 000 513 234
1993 195 771 269 383 66 457 50 000 581 611
1994 353 425 306 417 86 244 25 000 771 086
1995 251 448 317 585 170 966   739 999
1996 278 364 297 237 156 627   732 228
1997 273 376 326 689 162 338   762 403
1998 250 815 257 398 84 411   592 624
1999 159 021 216 898 108 991   484 910
2000 137 197 204 167 73 506   414 870
2001 142 628 185 890 97 953   426 471
2002 184 789 189 013 71 242 90 000 535 045
2003 163 109 222 052 51 829 115 000 551 990
2004 177 888 219 261 92 296 117 000 606 445
2005 159 573 194 644 121 059 166 000 641 276
2006 159 851 204 603 104 743 67 100 537 642
2007 152 522 195 383 97 891 41 087 486 883
2008 144 905 203 244 101 022 15 000 464 171
2009 161 602 207 205 154 623   523 431
2010 183 988 271 337 154 657   609 983
2011 198 333 328 598 192 898   719 829
2012 247 938 331087 148 638   727 663
2013 360 673 421678 183 858   966 209
2014 320 347 468 934 197 168   986 449
2015 272405 375328 216651   864384
2016 321347 351468 176607   849422
2017 309902 360477 197898   868276
201 8 249397 321548 207681   778627
201 9 234985 318539 139084   692609
2020 234029 298707 160166   692903
20211 281198 268942 217144   767284

Data provided by Working Group members

1 Provisional figure

Table 3.1. Northeast Arctic COD. Total catch (t) by fishing areas and unreported catch.

 

Year Norwegian catches of cod removed from the NEAC cod -assessment
v1960–70 38.6
1971–79 no data
1980 40
1981 49
1982 42
1983 38
1984 33
1985 28
1986 26
1987 31
1988 22
1989 17
1990 24
1991 25
1992 35
1993 44
1994 48
1995 39
1996 32
1997 36
1998 29
1999 23
2000 19
2001 14
2002 20
2003 19
2004 14
2005 13
2006 15
2007 13
2008 13
2009 15
2010 13.5
2011 18.8
2012 35.5
2013 30.1
2014 33.6
2015 35.8
2016 54.9
2017 51.0
2018 36.3
2019 40.1
2020 45.3
2021 42.0
Table 3.2. Catches of Norwegian Coastal Cod in subareas 1 and 2, 10 3 tonnes, which are removed from the NEA cod assessment.
Year Subarea 1 Division 2.a Division 2.b
Trawl Others Trawl Others Trawl Others
1967 238 84.8 38.7 90 121.1 -
1968 588.1 54.4 44.2 118.3 269.2 -
1969 633.5 45.9 119.7 135.9 262.3 -
1970 524.5 79.4 90.5 153.3 85.6 -
1971 253.1 59.4 74.5 245.1 56.9 -
1972 158.1 38.9 49.9 285.4 33 -
1973 459 33.7 39.4 172.4 88.2 -
1974 677 46.5 41 83.2 254.7 -
1975 526.3 35.4 33.7 86.6 147.4 -
1976 466.5 60.2 112.3 124.9 103.5 -
1977 471.5 66.7 100.9 156.2 110 -
1978 360.4 57.9 117 146.2 17.3 -
1979 161.5 33.7 114.9 120.5 8.1 -
1980 133.3 35.4 83.7 115.6 12.5 -
1981 91.5 45.1 77.2 167.9 17.2 -
1982 44.8 51.8 65.1 171 21 -
1983 36.6 28.2 56.6 143.7 24.9 -
1984 24.5 29.8 46.9 150.7 25.6 -
1985 72.4 40.2 60.7 112.8 21.5 -
1986 109.5 48.1 116.3 86.4 69.8 -
1987 126.3 19.8 167.9 77.5 129.9 1.7
1988 149.1 17.6 122 88 58.2 0.2
1989 144.4 19.5 68.9 81.2 19.1 0.1
1990 51.4 10.9 47.4 52.1 24.5 0.8
1991 58.9 12.1 73 84 40 1.2
1992 103.7 20.5 79.7 92.8 85.6 0.9
1993 165.1 30.7 155.5 113.9 66.3 0.2
1994 312.1 41.3 165.8 140.6 84.3 1.9
1995 218.1 33.3 174.3 143.3 160.3 10.7
1996 248.9 32.7 137.1 159 147.7 6.8
1997 235.6 37.7 150.5 176.2 154.7 7.6
1998 219.8 31 127 130.4 82.7 1.7
1999 133.3 25.7 101.9 115 107.2 1.8
2000 111.7 25.5 105.4 98.8 72.2 1.3
2001 119.1 23.5 83.1 102.8 95.4 2.5
2002 147.4 37.4 83.4 105.6 69.9 1.3
2003 146 17.1 107.8 114.2 50.1 1.8
2004 154.4 23.5 100.3 118.9 88.8 3.5
2005 132.4 27.2 87 107.7 115.4 5.6
2006 141.8 18.1 91.2 113.4 100.1 4.6
2007 129.6 22.9 84.8 110.6 91.6 6.3
2008 123.8 21.1 94.8 108.4 95.3 5.7
2009 130.1 31.5 102 105.2 142.1 11.4
2010 151.1 32.9 130 141.4 149.2 5.4
2011 158.1 38.4 163.5 167 181 11.9
2012 212.1 35.9 172.7 158.4 133.8 14.9
2013 308.5 52.2 216.9 204.7 159.7 24.1
2014 268.8 51.5 246.8 222.1 177.9 19.3
2015 224.3 48.1 192.2 183.2 197.7 19.0
2016 285.5 35.8 181.7 169.8 156.3 20.3
2017 265.4 44.5 189.5 171.0 180.0 17.9
201 8 204.7 44.7 156.7 164.9 192.0 15.6
201 9 199.4 35.6 177.8 140.7 128.9 10.1
2020 199.4 34.6 157.2 141.5 153.5 6.7
2021 1 220.8 60.4 120.2 148.7 202.1 15.1

Data provided by Working Group members

1 Provisional figures

Table 3.3. Northeast Arctic COD. Total nominal catch ('000 t) by trawl and other gear for each

Table 3.4. Northeast Arctic COD. Nominal catch(t) by countries. (Subarea 1 and divisions 2a and 2b combined, data provided by Working group members
Year Faroe Islands France German Dem. Rep. Fed. Rep. Germany Norway Poland United Kingdom Russia 2   Others Total all countries
1961 3 934 13 755 3 921 8 129 268 377  - 158 113 325 780   1 212 783 221
1962 3 109 20 482 1 532 6 503 225 615 - 175 020 476 760   245 909 266
1963 - 18 318 129 4 223 205 056 108 129 779 417 964   - 775 577
1964 - 8 634 297 3 202 149 878 - 94 549 180 550   585 437 695
1965 - 526 91 3 670 197 085 - 89 962 152 780   816 444 930
1966 - 2 967 228 4 284 203 792 - 103 012 169 300   121 483 704
1967 - 664 45 3 632 218 910 - 87 008 262 340   6 572 605
1968 - - 225 1 073 255 611 - 140 387 676 758   - 1 074 084
1969 29 374 - 5 907 5 543 305 241 7 856 231 066 612 215   133 1 197 226
1970 26 265 44 245 12 413 9 451 377 606 5 153 181481 276 632   - 933 246
1971 5 877 34 772 4 998 9 726 407 044 1 512 80 102 144 802   215 689 048
1972 1 393 8 915 1 300 3405 394 181 892 58 382 96 653   166 565 287
1973 1 916 17 028 4 684 16 751 285 184 843 78 808 387 196   276 792 686
1974 5 717 46 028 4 860 78 507 287 276 9 898 90 894 540 801   38 453 1 102 434
1975 11 309 28 734 9 981 30 037 277 099 7435 101 843 343 580   19 368 829 377
1976 11 511 20 941 8 946 24 369 344 502 6 986 89 061 343 057   18 090 867 463
1977 9 167 15 414 3 463 12 763 388 982 1 084 86 781 369 876   17 771 905 301
1978 9 092 9 394 3 029 5 434 363 088 566 35 449 267 138   5 525 698 715
1979 6 320 3 046 547 2 513 294 821 15 17 991 105 846   9 439 440 538
1980 9 981 1 705 233 1 921 232 242 3 10 366 115 194   8 789 380 434
            Spain          
1981 12 825 3 106 298 2 228 277 818 14 500 5 262 83 000   - 399 037
1982 11 998 761 302 1 717 287 525 14 515 6 601 40 311   - 363 730
1983 11 106 126 473 1 243 234 000 14 229 5 840 22 975   - 289 992
1984 10 674 11 686 1 010 230 743 8 608 3 663 22 256   - 277 651
1985 13 418 23 1 019 4 395 211 065 7 846 3 335 62 489   4 330 307 920
1986 18 667 591 1 543 10 092 232 096 5 497 7 581 150 541   3 505 430 113
1987 15 036 1 986 7 035 268 004 16 223 10 957 202 314   2 515 523 071
1988 15 329 2 551 605 2 803 223 412 10 905 8 107 169 365   1 862 434 939
1989 15 625 3 231 326 3 291 158 684 7 802 7 056 134 593   1 273 332 481
1990 9 584 592 169 1437 88 737 7 950 3 412 74 609   510 187 000
1991 8 981 975 Greenland 2 613 126 226 3 677 3 981 119 427 3   3 278 269 158
1992 11 663 2 3 337 3 911 168 460 6 217 6 120 182 315 Iceland 1 209 383 234
1993 17435 3 572 5 389 5 887 221 051 8 800 11 336 244 860 9 374 3 907 531 611
1994 22 826 1 962 6 882 8 283 318 395 14 929 15 579 291 925 36 737 28 568 746 086
1995 22 262 4 912 7462 7428 319 987 15 505 16 329 296 158 34 214 15 742 739 999
1996 17 758 5 352 6 529 8 326 319 158 15 871 16 061 305 317 23 005 14 851 732 228
1997 20 076 5 353 6426 6 680 357 825 17 130 18 066 313 344 4 200 13 303 762 403
1998 14 290 1 197 6 388 3 841 284 647 14 212 14 294 244 115 1423 8 217 592 624
1999 13 700 2 137 4 093 3 019 223 390 8 994 11 315 210 379 1 985 5 898 484 910
2000 13 350 2 621 5 787 3 513 192 860 8 695 9 165 166 202 7 562 5 115 4 14 870
2001 12 500 2 681 5 727 4 524 188 431 9 196 8 698 183 572 5 917 5 225 426 471
2002 15 693 2 934 6419 4 517 202 559 8 414 8 977 184 072 5 975 5 484 445 045
2003 19 427 2 921 7 026 4 732 191 977 7 924 8 711 182 160 5 963 6 149 436 990
2004 19 226 3 621 8 196 6 187 212 117 11 285 14 004 201 525 7 201 6 082 489 445
2005 16 273 3 491 8 135 5 848 207 825 9 349 10 744 200 077 5 874 7 660 475 276
2006 16 327 4 376 8 164 3 837 201 987 9 219 10 594 203 782 5 972 6 271 470 527
2007 14 788 3 190 5951 4619 199 809 9 496 9298 186 229 7316 5 101 445 796
2008 15 812 3 149 5 617 4 955 196 598 9 658 8 287 190 225 7 535 7 336 449 171
2009 16 905 3 908 4 977 8 585 224 298 12 013 8 632 229 291 7 380 7442 523 431
2010 15 977 4 499 6 584 8 442 264 701 12 657 9 091 267 547 11 299 9 185 609 983
2011 13 429 1 173 7 155 4 621 331 535 13 291 8 210 310 326 12 734 17 354 4 719 829
2012 5 17523 2841 8520 8 500 315 739 12814 11166 329 943 9536 11 081 727 663
2013 13833 7858 7885 8 010 438 734 15042 12536 432 314 14734 15 263 966 209
2014 33298 8149 10864 6 225 431 846 16378 14762 433 479 18205 13 243 986 449
2015 26568 7480 7055 6427 377 983 19905 11778 381 188 16120 9 880 864 384
2016 24084 7946 8607 6 336 348 949 14640 13583 394 107 16031 15 139 849 422
2017 28637 9554 13638 5 977 357419 144 14 16731 396 180 11925 13 802 868 276
2018 26152 6605 12743 9 768 333 539 13143 11533 340 364 10708 14 071 778 627
2019 22270 6371 7553 8 470 282 120 13939 11214 316 813 12294 11 565 692 609
2020 21679 5796 7391 9 725 289 472 11403 12113 312 683 9734 12 908 692 903
2021 1 21767 4459 8246 6 190 337 931 11080 5426 352 064 8933 11 188 767 284
1 Provisional figures.
2 USSR prior to 1991.
3 Includes Baltic countries.
4 Includes unspecified EU catches.
5 Revised figures.

 

Year Area covered Additional area implied in adjustment Adjustment method
1981-92 88.1    
1993 137.6    
1994 161.1    
199 5 191.9    
1996 166.1    
1997 88.4 56.2 Index ratio by age
1998 100.4 51.1 Index ratio by age
1999 118.5    
2000 163.2    
2001 164.7    
2002 157.4    
2003 147.4    
2004 164.4    
2005 179.9    
2006 170.1 18.1 Partly covered strata raised to full strata area
2007 123.9 56.7 Index ratio by age
2008 165.2    
2009 171.8    
2010 160.5    
2011 174.3    
2012 151.3 16.7 Index ratio by age
2013 20 3.6    
2014 2 66.8    
2015 243.3    
2016 228.0    
2017 184.4 37.5 Index ratio by age
2018 236.3    
2019 241.2    
2020 203.2 25.1 Index ratio by age
2021 242.9 10.9 Index ratio by age
2022 242.4    
Table 3.5. Barents Sea winter survey. Area covered (‘000 square nautical miles) and areas implied in the method used to adjust for missing coverage in Russian Economic Zone. In 4 of the 5 adjusted years the adjustments were not based on area ratios, but the “index ratio by age” was used. This means that the index by age (for the area outside REZ) was scaled by the observed ratio between total index and the index outside REZ observed in the years prior to the survey.

Table 3.6. Northeast Arctic cod. Catch numbers-at-age (Thous)
Year_age 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 +gp
1946 4008 10387 18906 16596 13843 15370 59845 22618 10093 9573 5460 1927 750
1947 710 13192 43890 52017 45501 13075 19718 47678 31392 9348 9330 4622 4103
1948 140 3872 31054 55983 77375 21482 15237 9815 30041 7945 4491 3899 4205
1949 991 6808 35214 100497 83283 29727 13207 5606 8617 13154 3657 1895 2167
1950 1281 10954 29045 45233 62579 30037 19481 9172 6019 4133 6750 1662 1450
1951 24687 77924 64013 46867 37535 33673 23510 10589 4221 1288 1002 3322 611
1952 24099 120704 113203 73827 49389 20562 24367 15651 8327 3565 647 467 1044
1953 47413 107659 112040 55500 22742 16863 10559 10553 5637 1752 468 173 156
1954 11473 155171 146395 100751 40635 10713 11791 8557 6751 2370 896 268 123
1955 3902 37652 201834 161336 84031 30451 13713 9481 4140 2406 867 355 128
1956 10614 24172 129803 250472 86784 51091 14987 7465 3952 1655 1292 448 166
1957 17321 33931 27182 70702 87033 39213 17747 6219 3232 1220 347 299 173
1958 31219 133576 71051 40737 38380 35786 13338 10475 3289 1070 252 40 141
1959 32308 77942 148285 53480 18498 17735 23118 9483 3748 997 254 161 98
1960 37882 97865 64222 67425 23117 8429 7240 11675 4504 1843 354 102 226
1961 45478 132655 123458 51167 38740 17376 5791 6778 5560 1682 910 280 108
1962 42416 170566 167241 89460 28297 21996 7956 2728 2603 1647 392 280 103
1963 13196 106984 205549 95498 35518 16221 11894 3884 1021 1025 498 129 157
1964 5298 45912 97950 58575 19642 9162 6196 3553 783 172 387 264 131
1965 15725 25999 78299 68511 25444 8438 3569 1467 1161 131 61 79 197
1966 55937 55644 34676 42539 37169 18500 5077 1495 380 403 77 9 70
1967 34467 160048 69235 22061 26295 25139 11323 2329 687 316 225 40 14
1968 3709 174585 267961 107051 26701 16399 11597 3657 657 122 124 70 46
1969 2307 24545 238511 181239 79363 26989 13463 5092 1913 414 121 23 46
1970 7164 10792 25813 137829 96420 31920 8933 3249 1232 260 106 39 35
1971 7754 13739 11831 9527 59290 52003 12093 2434 762 418 149 42 25
1972 35536 45431 26832 12089 7918 34885 22315 4572 1215 353 315 121 40
1973 294262 131493 61000 20569 7248 8328 19130 4499 677 195 81 59 55
1974 91855 437377 203772 47006 12630 4370 2523 5607 2127 322 151 83 62
1975 45282 59798 226646 118567 29522 9353 2617 1555 1928 575 231 15 37
1976 85337 114341 79993 118236 47872 13962 4051 936 558 442 139 26 53
1977 39594 168609 136335 52925 61821 23338 5659 1521 610 271 122 92 54
1978 78822 45400 88495 56823 25407 31821 9408 1227 913 446 748 48 51
1979 8600 77484 43677 31943 16815 8274 10974 1785 427 103 59 38 45
1980 3911 17086 81986 40061 17664 7442 3508 3196 678 79 24 26 8
1981 3407 9466 20803 63433 21788 9933 4267 1311 882 109 37 3 1
1982 8948 20933 19345 28084 42496 8395 2878 708 271 260 27 5 5
1983 3108 19594 20473 17656 17004 18329 2545 646 229 74 58 20 5
1984 6942 14240 18807 20086 15145 8287 5988 783 232 153 49 12 8
1985 24634 45769 27806 19418 11369 3747 1557 768 137 36 31 32 8
1986 28968 70993 78672 25215 11711 4063 976 726 557 136 28 34 14
1987 13648 137106 98210 61407 13707 3866 910 455 187 227 21 59 20
1988 9828 22774 135347 54379 21015 3304 1236 519 106 69 43 14 5
1989 5085 17313 32165 81756 27854 5501 827 290 41 13 1 11 16
1990 1911 7551 12999 17827 30007 6810 828 179 59 15 6 5 2
1991 4963 10933 16467 20342 19479 25193 3888 428 48 12 1 1 2
1992 21835 36015 27494 23392 18351 13541 18321 2529 264 82 3 9 1
1993 10094 46182 63578 33623 14866 9449 6571 12593 1749 377 63 22 1
1994 6531 59444 102548 59766 32504 10019 6163 3671 7528 995 121 19 4
1995 4879 42587 115329 98485 32036 7334 3014 1725 1174 1920 222 41 1
1996 7655 28782 80711 100509 54590 10545 2023 930 462 230 809 84 1
1997 12827 36491 69633 83017 65768 28392 4651 1151 373 213 144 238 1
1998 31887 88874 48972 40493 34513 26354 6583 965 197 69 42 22 53
1999 7501 77714 92816 31139 15778 15851 8828 1837 195 40 34 8 30
2000 4701 33094 93044 47210 12671 6677 4787 1647 321 71 11 1 14
2001 5044 35019 62139 62456 22794 5266 1773 1163 343 85 6 7 22
2002 2348 31033 76175 67656 42122 11527 1801 529 223 120 21 9 6
2003 7263 20885 64447 71109 36706 14002 2887 492 142 97 21 43 1
2004 2090 38226 50826 68350 50838 18118 6239 1746 295 127 39 16 8
2005 5815 19768 113144 61665 44777 20553 6285 2348 562 100 21 24 7
2006 8548 47207 33625 78150 31770 15667 7245 1788 737 210 26 45 155
2007 25473 43817 62877 26303 34392 11240 4080 1381 505 285 44 13 35
2008 8459 51704 40656 35072 14037 20676 5503 1794 715 229 42 26 13
2009 4866 38711 83998 46639 20789 8417 8920 1957 872 987 76 21 20
2010 1778 16193 53855 75853 36797 17062 4784 4325 3034 913 189 49 35
2011 1418 8033 32472 70938 73875 21116 11708 5058 3237 600 434 12 0
2012 2695 10462 16646 40372 70014 48315 12326 5214 1926 1124 317 70 24
2013 2903 13659 22752 21020 54231 74451 47124 9143 2963 694 449 89 145
2014 5234 19226 38407 36633 29901 56109 47540 22738 3717 1169 313 210 157
2015 4315 31383 41181 51209 33745 22530 23609 24553 16071 2510 468 134 254
2016 2076 11291 50231 43609 35265 23417 14592 20105 15862 4781 871 249 308
2017 6535 13128 28365 66504 46136 28507 15307 10073 12169 6465 1927 399 285
2018 6120 28569 27128 33816 54328 28323 16208 9722 7132 3740 2295 840 271
2019 4389 21405 48422 29849 26548 39759 17395 8883 4606 2109 715 564 322
2020 3992 22446 37649 52454 31009 20904 23618 11768 6130 1572 591 310 278
2021 2983 17935 54005 59732 59136 22397 14744 13589 4919 1737 678 228 344

 

Year Age
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15+
Norway
1983 0.41 0.82 1.32 2.05 2.82 3.94 5.53 7.70 9.17 11.46 16.59 16.42 16.96 24.46
1984 1.16 1.47 1.97 2.53 3.13 3.82 4.81 5.95 7.19 7.86 8.46 7.99 9.78 10.64
1985 0.34 0.99 1.43 2.14 3.27 4.68 6.05 7.73 9.86 11.87 14.16 14.17 13.52 15.33
1986 0.30 0.67 1.34 2.04 3.14 4.60 5.78 6.70 7.52 9.74 10.68 12.86 9.59 16.31
1987 0.24 0.48 0.88 1.66 2.72 4.35 6.21 8.78 9.78 12.50 13.75 15.12 10.43 19.95
1988 0.36 0.56 0.83 1.31 2.34 3.84 6.50 8.76 9.97 11.06 14.43 19.02 12.89 10.16
1989 0.53 0.75 0.90 1.17 1.95 3.20 4.88 7.82 9.40 11.52 11.47   19.47 14.68
1990 0.40 0.81 1.22 1.59 2.14 3.29 4.99 7.83 10.54 14.21 17.63 7.97 14.64  
1991 0.63 1.37 1.77 2.31 3.01 3.68 4.63 6.06 8.98 12.89 17.00   14.17 16.63
1992 0.41 1.10 1.79 2.45 3.22 4.33 5.27 6.21 8.10 10.51 11.59   15.81 6.52
1993 0.30 0.83 1.70 2.41 3.35 4.27 5.45 6.28 7.10 7.82 10.10 16.03 19.51 17.68
1994 0.30 0.82 1.37 2.23 3.35 4.27 5.56 6.86 7.45 7.98 9.53 12.16 11.45 19.79
1995 0.44 0.78 1.26 1.87 2.80 4.12 5.15 5.96 7.90 8.67 9.20 11.53 17.77 21.11
1996 0.29 0.90 1.15 1.67 2.58 4.08 6.04 6.62 7.96 9.36 10.55 11.41 9.51 24.24
1997 0.35 0.78 1.14 1.56 2.25 3.48 5.35 7.38 7.55 8.30 11.15 8.64 12.80  
1998 0.38 0.68 1.03 1.64 2.23 3.24 4.85 6.88 9.18 9.84 15.78 14.37 13.77 15.58
1999 0.46 0.88 1.16 1.65 2.40 3.12 4.26 6.00 6.52 10.64 14.05 12.67 9.20 17.22
2000 0.31 0.65 1.23 1.80 2.54 3.58 4.49 5.71 7.54 7.86 12.71 14.71 15.40 20.26
2001 0.30 0.77 1.18 1.83 2.75 3.64 4.88 5.93 7.43 8.90 10.22 11.11 13.03 18.85
2002 0.31 0.90 1.40 1.90 2.60 3.55 4.60 5.80 7.40 9.56 8.71 12.92 8.42 17.61
2003 0.55 0.88 1.39 2.01 2.63 3.59 4.83 5.57 7.262 9.36 9.52 9.52 10.68 21.66
2004 0.54 1.08 1.41 1.95 2.69 3.46 4.77 6.72 7.90 8.66 12.21 14.02 16.50 11.37
2005 0.58 0.92 1.38 1.86 2.61 3.54 4.57 6.41 8.24 9.89 11.04 14.08 11.81 20.08
2006 0.51 0.97 1.45 2.06 2.71 3.56 4.57 5.53 6.61 7.53 8.55 8.44 9.82 12.31
2007 0.53 1.07 1.70 2.37 3.26 4.36 5.45 6.71 8.08 8.56 9.75 11.72 12.72 15.58
2008 0.65 1.12 1.70 2.44 3.32 4.41 5.61 6.84 8.25 9.31 10.54 12.45 13.59 21.15
2009 0.56 0.98 1.47 2.10 2.83 3.90 5.06 5.76 7.31 7.79 7.81 10.68 11.83 14.76
2010 0.55 0.95 1.46 2.06 2.93 4.02 5.40 6.44 7.19 8.43 9.11 10.46 11.39 15.55
2011 0.53 1.09 1.50 2.06 2.85 3.70 5.01 6.26 7.33 8.34 9.87 13.23    
2012   0.83 1.32 1.92 2.65 3.52 4.71 6.34 8.11 9.92 11.31 13.45 15.75  
2013 0.43 0.95 1.40 2.00 2.64 3.44 4.51 5.67 7.29 8.80 10.33 11.38 12.56  
2014 0.59 1.07 1.55 2.15 2.80 3.70 4.57 5.78 6.97 8.35 9.46 10.99 12.28 15.49
2015 0.64 0.96 1.42 1.96 2.57 3.30 4.13 5.49 6.46 7.18 8.63 10.37 12.24 14.60
2016 0.59 0.96 1.46 1.99 2.71 3.57 4.56 5.78 6.82 8.08 9.33 10.01 11.68 14.79
2017 0.55 0.99 1.53 2.06 2.69 3.64 4.72 5.91 6.91 7.88 9.41 10.93 11.78 15.07
2018 0.62 1.05 1.51 2.11 2.80 3.48 4.54 5.80 6.97 7.64 9.11 10.29 11.35 14.05
2019 0.51 0.96 1.43 2.02 2.72 3.60 4.51 5.80 6.91 7.94 8.89 10.94 11.55 14.49
2020 0.58 0.94 1.42 2.01 2.66 3.50 4.59 5.77 7.03 8.46 9.78 10.97 12.74 16.08
2021 0.39 0.75 1.27 1.86 2.55 3.42 4.52 5.86 7.13 8.55 10.09 11.79 12.98 15.75

Table 3.7. Northeast Arctic COD. Weights-at-age (kg) in landings from various countries

 

Year Age
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15+
Russia (trawl only)
1983 0.65 1.05 1.58 2.31 3.39 4.87 6.86 8.72 10.40 12.07 14.43      
1984 0.53 0.88 1.45 2.22 3.21 4.73 6.05 8.43 10.34 12.61 14.95      
1985 0.33 0.77 1.31 1.84 2.96 4.17 5.94 6.38 8.58 10.28        
1986 0.29 0.61 1.14 1.75 2.45 4.17 6.18 8.04 9.48 11.33 12.35 14.13    
1987 0.24 0.52 0.88 1.42 2.07 2.96 5.07 7.56 8.93 10.80 13.05 18.16    
1988 0.27 0.49 0.88 1.32 2.06 3.02 4.40 6.91 9.15 11.65 12.53 14.68    
1989 0.50 0.73 1.00 1.39 1.88 2.67 4.06 6.09 7.76 9.88        
1990 0.45 0.83 1.21 1.70 2.27 3.16 4.35 6.25 8.73 10.85 13.52      
1991 0.36 0.64 1.05 2.03 2.85 3.77 4.92 6.13 8.36 10.44 15.84 19.33    
1992 0.55 1.20 1.44 2.07 3.04 4.24 5.14 5.97 7.25 9.28 11.36      
1993 0.48 0.78 1.39 2.06 2.62 4.07 5.72 6.79 7.59 11.26 14.79 17.71    
1994 0.41 0.81 1.24 1.80 2.55 2.88 4.96 6.91 8.12 10.28 12.42 16.93    
1995 0.37 0.77 1.21 1.74 2.37 3.40 4.71 6.73 8.47 9.58 12.03 16.99    
1996 0.30 0.64 1.09 1.60 2.37 3.42 5.30 7.86 8.86 10.87 11.80      
1997 0.30 0.57 1.00 1.52 2.18 3.30 4.94 7.15 10.08 11.87 13.54      
1998 0.33 0.68 1.06 1.60 2.34 3.39 5.03 6.89 10.76 12.39 13.61 14.72    
1999 0.24 0.58 0.98 1.41 2.17 3.26 4.42 5.70 7.27 10.24 14.12      
2000 0.18 0.48 0.85 1.44 2.16 3.12 4.44 5.79 7.49 9.66 10.36      
2001 0.12 0.31 0.62 1.00 1.53 2.30 3.31 4.57 6.55 8.11 9.52 11.99    
2002 0.20 0.60 1.05 1.46 2.14 3.27 4.47 6.23 8.37 10.06 12.37      
2003 0.23 0.63 1.06 1.78 2.40 3.41 4.86 6.28 7.55 11.10 13.41 12.12 14.51  
2004 0.30 0.57 1.09 1.55 2.37 3.20 4.73 6.92 8.41 9.77 11.08      
2005 0.33 0.65 0.98 1.50 2.10 3.08 4.31 5.81 8.42 10.37 13.56 14.13    
2006 0.27 0.68 1.05 1.49 2.25 3.16 4.54 5.90 8.59 10.31 12.31      
2007 0.23 0.67 1.12 1.66 2.25 3.31 4.57 6.27 8.20 10.02 12.36 12.42    
2008 0.28 0.64 1.16 1.74 2.65 3.58 4.74 5.73 7.32 8.07 9.52 12.52    
2009 0.31 0.64 1.09 1.58 2.11 3.19 4.80 6.58 7.97 9.84 11.51      
2010 0.25 0.57 1.00 1.64 2.28 3.14 4.53 5.98 8.03 9.71 10.70 13.53    
2011 0.25 0.62 1.05 1.56 2.18 2.95 4.33 6.21 8.04 10.13 12.25 15.18    
2012 0.29 0.60 1.07 1.66 2.25 2.95 4.17 6.23 8.58 11.08 12.24 14.07 15.22 16.39
2013 0.33 0.63 1.05 1.54 2.26 3.09 4.08 5.47 7.37 9.59 12.57 15.54 17.05  
2014 0.32 0.61 1.05 1.61 2.26 3.15 4.00 5.24 7.13 9.46 11.18 14.47    
2015 0.30 0.60 0.97 1.49 2.11 3.13 4.64 5.78 7.13 9.53 12.12 16.71 17.37  
2016 0.26 0.55 0.97 1.53 2.20 3.19 4.50 6.12 7.97 9.55 10.95 14.35 14.74 17.25
2017 0.33 0.63 1.03 1.56 2.24 3.24 4.67 6.34 7.74 9.40 11.12 14.43 16.67 11.91
2018 0.33 0.68 1.06 1.62 2.40 3.22 4.66 6.23 7.79 8.91 10.26 11.26 13.41 10.14
2019 0.29 0.62 1.10 1.60 2.33 3.22 4.44 6.45 8.10 9.60 11.02 13.83 10.65 10.65
2020 0.27 0.47 0.93 1.44 2.05 2.95 4.28 5.73 7.59 8.45 10.66 12.26 12.18 12.23
2021 0.19 0.44 0.76 1.35 2.02 2.81 4.25 6.26 7.81 9.59 10.67 10.86 13.62 12.31
Table 3.7. Northeast Arctic COD. Weights-at-age (kg) in landings from various countries (continued)

Year Age
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15+
Germany (Division IIa and IIb)
1994   0.68 1.04 2.24 3.49 4.51 5.79 6.93 8.16 8.46 8.74 9.48 15.25  
1995   0.44 0.84 1.5 2.72 3.81 4.46 4.81 7.37 7.69 8.25 9.47    
1996   0.84 1.15 1.64 2.53 3.58 4.13 3.9 4.68 6.98 6.43 11.32    
1997   0.43 0.92 1.42 2.01 3.15 4.04 5.16 4.82 3.96 7.04 8.8    
1998 0.23 0.73 1.17 1.89 2.72 3.25 4.13 5.63 6.5 8.57 8.42 11.45 8.79  
19991   0.853 1.448 1.998 2.65 3.473 4.156 5.447 6.82 5.902   8.01    
20002 0.26 0.73 1.36 2.04 2.87 3.67 4.88 5.78 7.05 8.45 8.67 9.33 6.88  
2001 0.38 0.80 1.21 1.90 2.74 3.90 4.99 5.69 7.15 7.32 11.72 9.11 6.60  
2002 0.35 1.00 1.31 1.80 2.53 3.64 4.38 5.07 6.82 9.21 7.59 13.18 19.17 19.20
2003 0.22 0.44 1.04 1.71 2.31 3.27 4.93 6.17 7.77 9.61 9.99 12.29 13.59  
20042 0.22 0.73 1.01 1.75 2.58 3.33 4.73 6.32 7.20 8.45 9.20 11.99 10.14 13.11
20053 0.57 0.77 1.13 1.66 2.33 3.36 4.38 5.92 6.65 7.26 10.01 11.14    
20062 0.71 0.91 1.39 1.88 2.56 3.77 5.33 6.68 9.14 10.89 11.51 16.83 18.77  
20073 0.59 1.35 1.79 2.51 3.53 4.00 4.95 6.55 7.54 9.71 11.40 11.57 23.34 15.61
20083 0.23 0.51 1.14 1.76 2.57 3.15 4.40 5.43 7.18 8.39 10.15 10.03 10.99 14.26
20093 0.35 0.60 1.19 1.83 2.96 4.08 5.61 6.97 8.55 9.13 10.54 13.34 10.30 17.06
20103 0.36 0.67 0.93 1.71 2.46 3.21 4.93 6.75 7.80 8.70 8.53 10.17 12.36 14.11
20111     1.75 3.09 3.30 3.28 4.13 4.99 6.61 7.91 9.38 10.79 14.67 14.91
20133     1.03 1.37 1.87 2.65 3.45 4.49 7.26 11.42 12.86 13.07    
20144   0.68 0.96 1.39 1.69 3.06 4.07 5.65 8.15 10.36 13.07 13.52    
20154 0.82 1.05 1.67 2.33 3.56 4.50 5.41 6.20 6.39          
20161   1.38 2.60 3.55 4.81 6.33 7.61 8.90 9.26 10.83 13.41 16.84 17.03 17.76
20171   1.58 2.79 3.93 3.93 4.77 6.35 8.16 9.09 10.39 11.24 12.48 14.39 13.04
20183 0.58 1.16 1.76 2.45 3.34 4.13 5.81 7.16 8.99 9.96 10.85 11.73 14.01 17.79
20191   0.82 1.37 1.80 2.26 3.49 4.45 5.44 7.08 9.25 9.39 13.30 12.24 15.25
20205     1.6 1.63 2.48 3.13 5.01 5.93 8.36 9.31 12.16 12.96 12.77 14.08
20212   0.68 1.3 1.52 2.25 3.22 4.58 6.49 7.43 10.37 11.73 14.64 14.34 15.74
Division IIa only
IIa and IIb combined
I,IIa and IIb combined
Division II b only
I and IIa combined
Table 3.7. Northeast Arctic COD. Weights-at-age (kg) in landings from various countries (continued)

Year Age
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15+
Spain (Division IIb)
1994 0.43 1.08 1.38 2.32 2.47 2.68 3.46 5.20 7.04 6.79 7.20 8.04 10.46 15.35
1995 0.42 0.51 0.98 1.99 3.41 4.95 5.52 8.62 9.21 11.42 9.78 8.08    
1996   0.66 1.12 1.57 2.43 3.17 3.59 4.44 5.48 6.79 8.10      
19971 0.51 0.65 1.22 1.68 2.60 3.39 4.27 6.67 7.88 11.34 13.33 10.03 8.69  
1998 0.47 0.74 1.15 1.82 2.44 3.32 3.71 5.00 7.26          
19991 0.21 0.69 1.06 1.69 2.50 3.32 4.72 5.76 6.77 7.24 7.63      
20001 0.23 0.61 1.24 1.75 2.47 3.12 4.65 6.06 7.66 10.94 11.40 7.20    
2001 0.23 0.64 1.25 1.95 2.86 3.55 4.95 6.46 8.50 11.07 13.09      
2002 0.16 0.55 1.00 1.48 2.17 3.29 4.47 5.35 8.29 12.23 9.01 12.16 15.2  
2003   0.58 1.05 1.70 2.33 3.33 4.92 6.24 9.98 13.07 14.74 14.17    
20041 0.31 0.56 0.80 1.28 1.96 2.59 3.72 5.36 5.28 7.41   11.43    
20051   0.63 1.14 1.85 2.48 3.43 4.25 5.38 8.41 11.19 15.04 16.93    
2006 0.30 0.61 0.99 1.46 2.04 2.55 3.39 3.50 4.70 6.36        
2007 0.42 0.60 1.20 1.76 2.40 3.18 3.96 5.19 6.61 9.48 7.65 12.65 15.74 19.66
20091 0.12 0.45 0.95 1.60 2.18 3.36 4.52 6.04 7.30 9.42 10.35 11.47 12.54  
20102 0.18 0.56 1.11 1.73 2.36 3.36 5.14 6.88 8.64 9.65 6.83      
20111   0.45 0.90 1.26 1.84 2.55 4.08 5.61 8.17 8.14 7.31 8.91    
20122   0.40 0.84 1.29 1.96 2.78 3.71 4.99 7.42   7.19 9.32    
2013 0.17 0.72 1.06 1.63 2.36 3.14 3.90 4.36 6.55          
2014 0.24 0.43 0.74 1.27 1.85 2.60 3.56 4.51 5.52 7.18 9.42 9.26 13.16 15.05
20152   0.40 0.80 1.19 1.79 2.45 3.38 4.41 5.85 6.64 7.48 6.77    
20163 0.11 0.38 0.76 1.20 1.72 2.50 3.39 4.96 7.11 8.56        
20172 0.12 0.42 0.75 1.17 1.69 2.50 3.39 4.47 5.69 5.93 6.00 10.91 13.57 10.52
20182 0.19 0.45 0.83 1.30 1.86 2.57 3.55 4.92 5.51 7.84 7.08 7.28    
20192 0.19 0.39 0.90 1.30 1.85 2.65 3.48 4.83 5.96 5.67 7.04 8.36    
20212   0.36 0.60 1.20 1.83 2.49 3.11 4.55 6.10 6.50 7.03   9.013 17.13
IIa and IIb combined
I,IIa and IIb combined
I and IIb combined
Iceland (Sub-area I)
1994 0.42 0.85 1.44 2.77 3.54 4.08 5.84 6.37 7.02 7.48 7.37      
1995   1.17 0.91 1.60 2.28 3.61 4.73 6.27     6.26      
1996   0.36 0.99 1.55 2.83 3.79 4.81 5.34 7.25 7.68 9.08 8.98 10.52  
1997 0.42 0.43 0.76 1.60 2.40 3.45 4.40 5.74 6.15   8.28 10.52 9.89  
UK (England & Wales)
19951     1.47 2.11 3.47 5.57 6.43 7.17 8.12 8.05 10.2 10.1    
19962     1.55 1.81 2.42 3.61 6.3 6.47 7.83 7.91 8.93 9.38 10.9  
19972     1.93 2.17 3.07 4.17 4.89 6.46   12.3 8.44      
1Division IIa and IIb 2Division IIa
Poland (Division IIb)
2006 0.18 0.51 0.89 1.55 2.23 3.6 5.28 6.95 8.478 11 10.8 15.6 18.9  
2008   0.49 0.90 1.45 2.24 2.79 3.82 4.68 5.015 6.45 7.02 7.22 5.99 6.91
2009     1.02 1.72 2.65 3.81 5.23 6.91 8.862 11.1 13.6 16.5    
2010     1.39 1.66 2.29 2.98 3.92 5.18 6.313 6.66 8.72 9.05    
2011     0.99 1.50 2.17 3.15 4.43 7.45 7.28          
20161   0.84 1.59 2.29 2.81 3.91 4.78 5.61 6.709 7.89 8.54 11.6 13.7 16.09
20172   0.71 1.23 1.52 2.47 3.52 4.78 6.97 9.193 9.95 10.9 14.1    
20183   0.74 1.15 1.66 2.45 3.55 4.48 6.06 6.31 7.59 7.91 8.28 8.52 9.40
20191       1.57 2.00 2.69 4.04 5.61 7.23 9.13 11.62 12.41 13.46 11.47
Division IIa
Division IIa and IIb
I and IIb combined
Table 3.7. Northeast Arctic COD. Weights at age (kg) in landings from various countries (continued)

Year_age 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 +gp
1946 0.35 0.59 1.11 1.69 2.37 3.17 3.98 5.05 5.92 7.2 8.15 8.13 9.25
1947 0.32 0.56 0.95 1.5 2.14 2.92 3.65 4.56 5.84 7.42 8.85 8.79 10
1948 0.34 0.53 1.26 1.93 2.46 3.36 4.22 5.31 5.92 7.09 8.43 8.18 9.43
1949 0.37 0.67 1.11 1.66 2.5 3.23 4.07 5.27 5.99 7.08 8.22 8.26 8.7
1950 0.39 0.64 1.29 1.7 2.36 3.48 4.52 5.62 6.4 7.96 8.89 9.07 10.27
1951 0.4 0.83 1.39 1.88 2.54 3.46 4.88 5.2 7.14 8.22 9.39 9.5 9.52
1952 0.44 0.8 1.33 1.92 2.64 3.71 5.06 6.05 7.42 8.43 10.19 10.13 10.56
1953 0.4 0.76 1.28 1.93 2.81 3.72 5.06 6.34 7.4 8.67 10.24 11.41 11.93
1954 0.44 0.77 1.26 1.97 3.03 4.33 5.4 6.75 7.79 10.67 9.68 9.56 11.11
1955 0.32 0.57 1.13 1.73 2.75 3.94 4.9 7.04 7.2 8.78 10.08 11.02 12.11
1956 0.33 0.58 1.07 1.83 2.89 4.25 5.55 7.28 8 8.35 9.94 10.25 11.56
1957 0.33 0.59 1.02 1.82 2.89 4.28 5.49 7.51 8.24 9.25 10.61 10.82 12.07
1958 0.34 0.52 0.95 1.92 2.94 4.21 5.61 7.35 8.67 9.58 11.63 11 13.83
1959 0.35 0.72 1.47 2.68 3.59 4.32 5.45 6.44 7.17 8.63 11.62 11.95 13
1960 0.34 0.51 1.09 2.13 3.38 4.87 6.12 8.49 7.79 8.3 11.42 11.72 13.42
1961 0.31 0.55 1.05 2.2 3.23 5.11 6.15 8.15 8.68 9.6 11.95 13.18 13.42
1962 0.32 0.55 0.93 1.7 3.03 5.03 6.55 7.7 9.27 10.56 12.72 13.48 14.44
1963 0.32 0.61 0.96 1.73 3.04 4.96 6.44 7.91 9.62 11.31 12.74 13.19 14.29
1964 0.33 0.55 0.95 1.86 3.25 4.97 6.41 8.07 9.34 10.16 12.89 13.25 14
1965 0.38 0.68 1.03 1.49 2.41 3.52 5.73 7.54 8.47 11.17 13.72 13.46 14.12
1966 0.44 0.74 1.18 1.78 2.46 3.82 5.36 7.27 8.63 10.66 14.15 14 15
1967 0.29 0.81 1.35 2.04 2.81 3.48 4.89 7.11 9.03 10.59 13.83 14.15 16.76
1968 0.33 0.7 1.48 2.12 3.14 4.21 5.27 6.65 9.01 9.66 14.85 16.3 17
1969 0.44 0.79 1.23 2.03 2.9 3.81 5.02 6.43 8.33 10.71 14.21 15 17
1970 0.37 0.91 1.34 2 3 4.15 5.59 7.6 8.97 10.99 14.07 14.61 16
1971 0.45 0.88 1.38 2.16 3.07 4.22 5.81 7.13 8.62 10.83 12.95 14.25 15.97
1972 0.38 0.77 1.43 2.12 3.23 4.38 5.83 7.62 9.52 12.09 13.67 13.85 16
1973 0.38 0.91 1.54 2.26 3.29 4.61 6.57 8.37 10.54 11.62 13.9 14 15.84
1974 0.32 0.66 1.17 2.22 3.21 4.39 5.52 7.86 9.82 11.41 13.24 13.7 14.29
1975 0.41 0.64 1.11 1.9 2.95 4.37 5.74 8.77 9.92 11.81 13.11 14 14.29
1976 0.35 0.73 1.19 2.01 2.76 4.22 5.88 9.3 10.28 11.86 13.54 14.31 14.28
1977 0.49 0.9 1.43 2.05 3.3 4.56 6.46 8.63 9.93 10.9 13.67 14.26 14.91
1978 0.49 0.81 1.45 2.15 3.04 4.46 6.54 7.98 10.15 10.85 13.18 14 15
1979 0.35 0.7 1.24 2.14 3.15 4.29 6.58 8.61 9.22 10.89 14.34 14.5 15.31
1980 0.27 0.56 1.02 1.72 3.02 4.2 5.84 7.26 8.84 9.28 14.45 15 15.5
1981 0.49 0.98 1.44 2.09 2.98 4.85 6.57 9.16 10.82 10.77 13.93 15 16
1982 0.37 0.66 1.35 1.99 2.93 4.24 6.46 8.51 12.24 10.78 14.04 15 16
1983 0.84 1.37 2.09 2.86 3.99 5.58 7.77 9.29 11.55 11.42 12.8 14.18 15.55
1984 1.42 1.93 2.49 3.14 3.91 4.91 6.02 7.4 8.13 11.42 12.8 14.18 15.55
1985 0.94 1.37 2.02 3.22 4.63 6.04 7.66 9.81 11.8 11.42 12.8 14.18 15.55
1986 0.64 1.27 1.88 2.79 4.49 5.84 6.83 7.69 9.81 11.42 12.8 14.18 15.55
1987 0.49 0.88 1.55 2.33 3.44 5.92 8.6 9.6 12.17 11.42 12.8 14.18 15.55
1988 0.54 0.85 1.32 2.24 3.52 5.35 8.06 9.51 11.36 11.42 12.8 14.18 15.55
1989 0.74 0.96 1.31 1.92 2.93 4.64 7.52 9.12 11.08 11.42 12.8 14.18 15.55
1990 0.81 1.22 1.64 2.22 3.24 4.68 7.3 9.84 13.25 11.42 12.8 14.18 15.55
1991 1.05 1.45 2.15 2.89 3.75 4.71 6.08 8.82 11.8 11.42 12.8 14.18 15.55
1992 1.16 1.57 2.21 3.1 4.27 5.19 6.14 7.77 10.12 11.42 12.8 14.18 15.55
1993 0.81 1.52 2.16 2.79 4.07 5.53 6.47 7.19 7.98 11.457 12.8 14.18 15.55
1994 0.82 1.3 2.06 2.89 3.21 5.2 6.8 7.57 8.01 9.955 13.012 14.18 15.55
1995 0.77 1.2 1.78 2.59 3.81 4.99 6.23 8.05 8.74 9.774 11.388 14.546 15.55
1996 0.79 1.11 1.61 2.46 3.82 5.72 6.74 8.04 9.28 10.451 11.19 12.819 16.045
1997 0.67 1.04 1.53 2.22 3.42 5.2 7.19 7.73 8.61 11.145 11.926 12.608 14.234
1998 0.68 1.05 1.62 2.3 3.3 4.86 6.87 9.3 10.3 10.754 12.676 13.394 14.011
1999 0.63 1.01 1.54 2.34 3.21 4.29 6 6.73 10.08 11.151 12.255 14.191 14.839
2000 0.57 1.04 1.61 2.34 3.34 4.48 5.72 7.52 8.02 11.93 12.682 13.743 15.675
2001 0.66 1.05 1.62 2.51 3.51 4.78 6.04 7.54 9 10.23 13.519 14.197 15.206
2002 0.72 1.13 1.56 2.31 3.52 4.78 6.2 7.66 9.14 10.379 11.687 15.081 15.681
2003 0.67 1.12 1.83 2.5 3.58 5.04 6.36 8.2 10.71 10.167 11.848 13.138 16.602
2004 0.72 1.13 1.61 2.43 3.27 4.72 6.71 7.98 9.19 10.84 11.619 13.31 14.571
2005 0.69 1.08 1.57 2.21 3.26 4.44 6.23 8.19 9.72 10.626 12.347 13.066 14.752
2006 0.72 1.16 1.6 2.39 3.32 4.54 5.47 6.78 7.7 10.8 12.116 13.842 14.494
2007 0.74 1.21 1.83 2.51 3.82 5.04 6.58 8.08 8.94 10.349 12.304 13.596 15.309
2008 0.77 1.27 1.87 2.82 3.79 5.12 6.22 7.75 8.4 10.139 11.816 13.795 15.052
2009 0.75 1.17 1.74 2.42 3.86 5.35 6.43 8.01 8.67 10.055 11.588 13.276 15.261
2010 0.78 1.2 1.74 2.44 3.4 5.04 6.25 7.32 8.53 10.378 11.496 13.033 14.715
2011 0.78 1.31 1.72 2.37 3.2 4.62 6.18 7.47 8.57 10.387 11.847 12.935 14.459
2012 0.67 1.14 1.73 2.34 3.12 4.4 6.28 8.24 10.35 10.367 11.857 13.309 14.356
2013 0.71 1.17 1.67 2.36 3.19 4.22 5.58 7.31 9.08 11.029 11.835 13.32 14.75
2014 0.79 1.2 1.73 2.34 3.28 4.21 5.49 6.98 8.67 10.823 12.551 13.297 14.761
2015 0.78 1.09 1.55 2.18 3.14 4.46 5.61 6.62 7.34 10.215 12.328 14.058 14.737
2016 0.78 1.14 1.66 2.26 3.25 4.5 5.98 7.31 8.54 9.372 11.67 13.822 15.536
2017 0.71 1.15 1.66 2.32 3.32 4.67 6.13 7.15 8.14 9.597 10.752 13.121 15.288
2018 0.86 1.17 1.71 2.5 3.31 4.61 6.03 7.32 8.06 9.707 10.998 12.137 14.552
2019 0.68 1.15 1.66 2.39 3.33 4.45 6.11 7.29 8.41 9.806 11.117 12.401 13.513
2020 0.709 1.084 1.604 2.195 3.092 4.39 5.731 7.218 8.406 9.989 11.226 12.529 13.793
2021 0.527 0.896 1.487 2.159 2.982 4.364 6.048 7.348 8.796 9.991 11.424 12.645 13.928
Table 3.8. Northeast Arctic COD. Catch weights at age (kg)

 

Year_age 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 +gp
1946 0.35 0.59 1.11 1.69 2.37 3.17 3.98 5.05 5.92 7.2 8.146 8.133 9.253
1947 0.32 0.56 0.95 1.5 2.14 2.92 3.65 4.56 5.84 7.42 8.848 8.789 9.998
1948 0.34 0.53 1.26 1.93 2.46 3.36 4.22 5.31 5.92 7.09 8.43 8.181 9.433
1949 0.37 0.67 1.11 1.66 2.5 3.23 4.07 5.27 5.99 7.08 8.218 8.259 8.701
1950 0.39 0.64 1.29 1.7 2.36 3.48 4.52 5.62 6.4 7.96 8.891 9.07 10.271
1951 0.4 0.83 1.39 1.88 2.54 3.46 4.88 5.2 7.14 8.22 9.389 9.502 9.517
1952 0.44 0.8 1.33 1.92 2.64 3.71 5.06 6.05 7.42 8.43 10.185 10.134 10.563
1953 0.4 0.76 1.28 1.93 2.81 3.72 5.06 6.34 7.4 8.67 10.238 11.409 11.926
1954 0.44 0.77 1.26 1.97 3.03 4.33 5.4 6.75 7.79 10.67 9.68 9.557 11.106
1955 0.32 0.57 1.13 1.73 2.75 3.94 4.9 7.04 7.2 8.78 10.077 11.023 12.105
1956 0.33 0.58 1.07 1.83 2.89 4.25 5.55 7.28 8 8.35 9.944 10.248 11.564
1957 0.33 0.59 1.02 1.82 2.89 4.28 5.49 7.51 8.24 9.25 10.605 10.825 12.075
1958 0.34 0.52 0.95 1.92 2.94 4.21 5.61 7.35 8.67 9.58 11.631 11 13.832
1959 0.35 0.72 1.47 2.68 3.59 4.32 5.45 6.44 7.17 8.63 11.621 11.95 13
1960 0.34 0.51 1.09 2.13 3.38 4.87 6.12 8.49 7.79 8.3 11.422 11.719 13.424
1961 0.31 0.55 1.05 2.2 3.23 5.11 6.15 8.15 8.68 9.6 11.952 13.181 13.422
1962 0.32 0.55 0.93 1.7 3.03 5.03 6.55 7.7 9.27 10.56 12.717 13.482 14.44
1963 0.32 0.61 0.96 1.73 3.04 4.96 6.44 7.91 9.62 11.31 12.737 13.193 14.287
1964 0.33 0.55 0.95 1.86 3.25 4.97 6.41 8.07 9.34 10.16 12.886 13.251 14
1965 0.38 0.68 1.03 1.49 2.41 3.52 5.73 7.54 8.47 11.17 13.722 13.465 14.118
1966 0.44 0.74 1.18 1.78 2.46 3.82 5.36 7.27 8.63 10.66 14.148 14 15
1967 0.29 0.81 1.35 2.04 2.81 3.48 4.89 7.11 9.03 10.59 13.829 14.146 16.756
1968 0.33 0.7 1.48 2.12 3.14 4.21 5.27 6.65 9.01 9.66 14.848 16.3 17
1969 0.44 0.79 1.23 2.03 2.9 3.81 5.02 6.43 8.33 10.71 14.211 15 17
1970 0.37 0.91 1.34 2 3 4.15 5.59 7.6 8.97 10.99 14.074 14.611 16
1971 0.45 0.88 1.38 2.16 3.07 4.22 5.81 7.13 8.62 10.83 12.945 14.25 15.973
1972 0.38 0.77 1.43 2.12 3.23 4.38 5.83 7.62 9.52 12.09 13.673 13.852 16
1973 0.38 0.91 1.54 2.26 3.29 4.61 6.57 8.37 10.54 11.62 13.904 14 15.841
1974 0.32 0.66 1.17 2.22 3.21 4.39 5.52 7.86 9.82 11.41 13.242 13.704 14.291
1975 0.41 0.64 1.11 1.9 2.95 4.37 5.74 8.77 9.92 11.81 13.107 14 14.293
1976 0.35 0.73 1.19 2.01 2.76 4.22 5.88 9.3 10.28 11.86 13.544 14.311 14.284
1977 0.49 0.9 1.43 2.05 3.3 4.56 6.46 8.63 9.93 10.9 13.668 14.255 14.906
1978 0.49 0.81 1.45 2.15 3.04 4.46 6.54 7.98 10.15 10.85 13.177 14 15
1979 0.35 0.7 1.24 2.14 3.15 4.29 6.58 8.61 9.22 10.89 14.344 14.5 15.315
1980 0.27 0.56 1.02 1.72 3.02 4.2 5.84 7.26 8.84 9.28 14.448 15 15.5
1981 0.49 0.98 1.44 2.09 2.98 4.85 6.57 9.16 10.82 10.77 13.932 15 16
1982 0.37 0.66 1.35 1.99 2.93 4.24 6.46 8.51 12.24 10.78 14.041 15 16
1983 0.37 0.92 1.6 2.44 3.82 4.76 6.17 7.7 9.25 12.621 14.544 16.466 18.388
1984 0.42 1.16 1.81 2.79 3.78 4.57 6.17 7.7 9.25 12.621 14.544 16.466 18.388
1985 0.413 0.875 1.603 2.81 4.059 5.833 7.685 10.117 14.29 12.621 14.544 16.466 18.388
1986 0.311 0.88 1.47 2.467 3.915 5.81 6.58 6.833 11.004 12.621 14.544 16.466 18.388
1987 0.211 0.498 1.254 2.047 3.431 5.137 6.523 9.3 13.15 12.621 14.544 16.466 18.388
1988 0.212 0.404 0.79 1.903 2.977 4.392 7.812 12.112 13.107 12.621 14.544 16.466 18.388
1989 0.299 0.52 0.868 1.477 2.686 4.628 7.048 9.98 9.25 12.621 14.544 16.466 18.388
1990 0.398 0.705 1.182 1.719 2.458 3.565 4.71 7.801 8.956 12.621 14.544 16.466 18.388
1991 0.518 1.136 1.743 2.428 3.214 4.538 6.88 10.719 9.445 12.621 14.544 16.466 18.388
1992 0.44 0.931 1.812 2.716 3.895 5.176 6.774 9.598 12.427 12.621 14.544 16.466 18.388
1993 0.344 1.172 1.82 2.823 4.031 5.497 6.765 8.571 10.847 12.621 14.544 16.466 18.388
1994 0.237 0.757 1.419 2.458 3.845 5.374 6.648 7.653 8.136 12.916 16.114 16.466 18.388
1995 0.197 0.487 1.141 2.118 3.504 4.915 6.949 9.051 9.775 11.409 15.248 18.62 18.388
1996 0.206 0.482 0.98 2.041 3.52 5.507 7.74 9.922 10.63 12.093 13.533 17.659 21.171
1997 0.211 0.537 1.11 1.876 3.381 5.258 8.546 10.653 10.776 13.232 14.313 15.745 20.122
1998 0.242 0.561 1.179 1.936 2.944 4.583 7.092 10.7 12.042 13.771 15.607 16.617 18.021
1999 0.209 0.514 1.183 2.007 3.037 4.479 6.512 10.028 11.117 14.698 16.215 18.057 18.981
2000 0.194 0.465 1.218 1.963 3.064 4.12 5.746 7.157 9.961 14.589 17.26 18.733 20.557
2001 0.284 0.513 1.21 2.25 3.299 5.066 6.373 9.29 11.456 13.317 17.138 19.887 21.294
2002 0.23 0.603 1.184 2.138 3.336 4.81 6.912 8.809 10.475 12.534 15.703 19.752 22.549
2003 0.233 0.551 1.317 2.022 3.239 4.984 6.727 8.422 14.226 12.524 14.815 18.164 22.403
2004 0.24 0.55 1.074 2.038 2.911 4.402 6.263 8.535 10.197 12.371 14.803 17.176 20.674
2005 0.225 0.61 1.083 1.87 3.002 3.971 5.789 8.127 12.759 12.611 14.63 17.163 19.594
2006 0.252 0.591 1.219 2.014 3.028 4.434 5.999 7.774 9.954 13.679 14.902 16.97 19.58
2007 0.249 0.663 1.329 2.127 3.183 4.59 6.477 8.88 12.124 12.261 16.111 17.274 19.368
2008 0.286 0.726 1.418 2.41 3.331 4.914 6.747 8.851 10.393 12.776 14.504 18.617 19.701
2009 0.274 0.652 1.353 2.312 3.803 5.103 6.75 9.252 10.119 12.323 15.09 16.83 21.168
2010 0.258 0.608 1.208 2.01 3.088 4.903 6.498 7.992 9.689 12.467 14.574 17.483 19.214
2011 0.225 0.6 1.097 1.926 2.861 4.403 6.531 8.648 9.885 12.508 14.738 16.909 19.929
2012 0.227 0.555 1.182 1.834 2.831 4.124 6.056 8.584 11.498 12.249 14.785 17.092 19.3
2013 0.247 0.577 1.134 1.998 2.841 4.015 5.523 8.077 10.304 13.207 14.491 17.144 19.501
2014 0.216 0.577 1.137 1.791 2.781 3.85 5.245 6.992 9.378 12.746 15.578 16.816 19.558
2015 0.229 0.54 1.134 1.934 2.753 4.081 5.315 7.135 8.947 11.778 15.056 18.025 19.198
2016 0.21 0.536 1.001 1.812 2.72 3.958 5.64 7.064 8.569 10.885 13.954 17.445 20.522
2017 0.255 0.675 1.107 1.896 2.826 4.158 5.7 7.628 9.071 10.634 12.934 16.216 19.888
2018 0.286 0.62 1.188 1.949 2.768 4.059 5.749 7.38 9.097 10.8 12.646 15.073 18.54
2019 0.24 0.603 1.085 1.82 3.025 4.296 5.891 7.293 9.667 11.186 12.837 14.749 17.28
2020 0.148 0.503 1.055 1.692 2.59 4.064 5.617 7.673 9.313 11.306 13.278 14.964 16.922
2021 0.17 0.437 0.954 1.718 2.669 3.804 5.822 7.396 9.334 11.187 13.415 15.459 17.159
2022 0.293 0.48 0.929 1.616 2.741 3.933 5.744 8.012 9.648 11.255 13.279 15.613 17.706
Table 3.9. Northeast Arctic COD. Stock weights at age (kg)

 

Norway              
               
  Percentage mature
  Age
Year 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
                 
1982 0 5 10 34 65 82 92 100
1983 5 8 10 30 73 88 97 100
                 
Russia                
  Percentage mature
  Age
Year 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
                 
1984 0 5 18 31 56 90 99 100
1985 0 1 10 33 59 85 92 100
1986 0 2 9 19 56 76 89 100
1987 0 1 9 23 27 61 81 80
1988 0 1 3 25 53 79 100 100
1989 0 0 2 15 39 59 83 100
1990 0 2 6 20 47 62 81 95
1991 0 3 1 23 66 82 96 100
1992 0 1 8 31 73 92 95 100
1993 0 3 7 21 56 89 95 99
1994 0 1 8 30 55 84 95 98
1995 0 0 4 23 61 75 94 97
1996 0 0 1 22 56 82 95 100
1997 0 0 1 10 48 73 90 100
1998 0 0 2 15 47 87 97 96
1999 0 0.2 1.3 9.9 38.4 74.9 94 100
2000 0 0 6 19.2 51.4 84 95.5 100
2001 0.1 0.1 3.9 27.9 62.3 89.4 96.3 100
2002 0.1 1.9 10.9 34.4 68.1 82.8 97.6 100
2003 0.2 0 11 29.2 65.9 89.6 95.1 100
2004 0 0.7 8 33.8 63.3 83.4 96.4 96.4
2005 0 0.6 4.6 24.2 61.5 84.9 95.3 98.1
2006 0 0 6.1 29.6 59.6 89.5 96.4 100
2007 0 0.4 5.7 20.8 60.4 83.5 96 100
2008 0 0.5 4 24.6 48.3 84.4 94.7 98.7
2009 0 0 6 28 66 85 97 100
2010 0 0.2 1.5 22.8 47 77.4 90.2 95.5
2011 0 0 2.2 20.7 50.4 73.7 90.6 95.6
2012 0.2 0 1.5 10.8 43.9 76.1 90.8 96.4
2013 0 0 0.6 10.6 41.8 70.6 89.8 96.9
2014 0 0 1.9 14.1 45.9 76 92 97.5
2015 0 0.2 0.2 7.9 27 60.8 83.4 93.7
2016 0 0 0.2 5.2 22.4 44.1 74.8 92.5
2017* 0 0 0.8 6.3 20.8 51.6 80.4 98.6
2018 0 0.5 2.5 23.6 53.9 79.4 92.5 96.0
2019** 0 0 4.5 11.9 56.4 91.8 95.1 100
2020** 0 0.4 1.7 15.8 43.8 71.2 74.9 84.9
2021** 0 0 2.7 16.1 44.1 72.2 87.1 88.1
2022** 0 0 0.8 11.6 59.7 72.6 80.4 96.2
*Not used in inputs (instead ratios presented in WD 10, 2017 used for further calculations) **Not used in inputs (instead ratios presented in WD 15, 2019 used for further calculations)
Table 3.10. Northeast Arctic COD. Basis for maturity ogives (percent) used in the assessment. Norwegian and Russian data.
Norway                
  Percentage mature
  Age
Year 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1985 0.31 1.36 8.94 38.33 51.27 85.13 100 79.2
1986 2.92 7 7.85 18.85 49.72 66.52 35.59 80.09
1987 0 0.07 4.49 12.42 16.28 31.23 19.32  
1988 0 2.35 6.16 40.54 53.63 45.36 100 100
1989 1.52 0.67 3.88 30.65 70.36 82.02 100 100
1990 1.52 0.67 4.18 22 57.45 80.95 100 100
1991 0.1 3.4 13.93 38.03 75.52 90.12 95.39 100
1992 0.22 1.85 21.04 52.83 86.95 96.52 99.83 100
1993 0 2.6 10.37 52.6 84.8 97.25 99.3 99.73
1994 0.51 0.33 15.78 36.92 62.84 88.44 97.56 100
1995 0 0.62 8.19 51.48 63.75 81.11 98.01 99.34
1996 0.03 0 2.82 29.56 70.22 82.06 100 100
1997 0 0 1.48 17.91 73.31 93.01 99.12 100
1998 0.12 0.68 3.17 15.42 47.31 75.73 94.3 100
1999 0.42 0.16 1.6 27.46 70.48 94.57 98.99 100
2000 0 0.11 8.15 30.23 77.3 81.95 100 100
2001 0.49 0.51 9.03 43.81 62.52 74.36 94.13 100
2002 0.27 0.73 5.94 43.22 68.4 85.31 92.52 100
2003 0.02 0.18 6.5 35.97 68.56 87.97 96.3 100
2004 0.24 1.36 10.23 54.56 81.84 90.94 98.76 98.91
2005 0 0.27 9 55.16 81.77 93.51 98.03 100
2006 0 0.22 5.92 44.25 69.85 89.89 96.65 100
2007 0.12 0.33 8.7 47.88 84.29 91.68 99.11 100
2008 0 0.27 9.27 34.13 61.39 88.04 91.17 100
2009 0 0 9 46 85 86 98 99
2010 0 0.36 7.5 41.75 67.7 90.1 95.29 98.55
2011 0 0.2 5.2 48 77.7 89.7 97.3 97.2
2012 0 0 7.7 32.2 67.5 81 90.9 96.3
2013 0 0.3 1 20.2 55.3 80 91.8 99.3
2014 0 0.4 2 13.3 56.7 85 93.8 98.7
2015 0 0 1.9 10.9 29.2 79.1 93.1 99.6
2016 0.07 0. 2 1.0 6.4 28.5 71.3 86. 1 98.6
2017 0 0.2 0.5 18 54.8 81.4 95.9 100
2018 0 0.1 3.0 16.2 38.3 61.0 93.7 98.9
2019 0 0. 4 4 .0 24 . 0 6 8. 6 93 . 2 9 6 .7 9 9 . 8
2020 0 0.44 3.18 13.68 42.51 80.06 91.18 94.03
2021 0.28 0.25 0.79 17.11 43.21 68.80 90.75 98.63
2022 1.55 0 1.19 9.54 44.22 70.17 77.19 98.50

Year_age 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 +gp
1946 0 0 0.01 0.03 0.06 0.11 0.18 0.44 0.65 0.86 0.96 0.96 1
1947 0 0 0.01 0.03 0.06 0.13 0.16 0.42 0.75 0.91 0.95 1 1
1948 0 0 0.01 0.03 0.07 0.13 0.25 0.47 0.73 0.91 0.97 1 1
1949 0 0 0.01 0.03 0.09 0.17 0.29 0.54 0.79 0.88 0.97 1 1
1950 0 0 0.01 0.03 0.09 0.23 0.35 0.52 0.79 0.95 0.97 1 1
1951 0 0 0.01 0.03 0.1 0.24 0.4 0.58 0.72 0.85 0.96 1 1
1952 0 0 0.01 0.03 0.08 0.22 0.41 0.63 0.82 0.92 0.97 1 1
1953 0 0 0.01 0.03 0.07 0.19 0.4 0.64 0.84 0.94 0.97 1 1
1954 0 0 0.01 0.03 0.08 0.16 0.37 0.68 0.87 0.93 0.96 1 1
1955 0 0 0.01 0.03 0.07 0.13 0.26 0.53 0.83 0.92 0.97 1 1
1956 0 0 0.01 0.03 0.06 0.12 0.14 0.41 0.67 0.91 0.96 1 1
1957 0 0 0.01 0.03 0.06 0.09 0.12 0.22 0.6 0.82 0.97 1 1
1958 0 0 0.01 0.03 0.06 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.82 0.97 1 1
1959 0 0 0.01 0.04 0.12 0.34 0.49 0.67 0.84 0.87 1 1 1
1960 0 0.01 0.03 0.06 0.1 0.19 0.45 0.69 0.77 0.85 0.99 1 1
1961 0 0 0.01 0.06 0.12 0.31 0.65 0.91 0.98 0.98 1 0.96 1
1962 0 0 0.01 0.05 0.15 0.34 0.61 0.81 0.92 0.97 1 0.932 1
1963 0 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.07 0.28 0.42 0.81 0.98 0.98 1 0.966 1
1964 0 0 0 0.03 0.13 0.37 0.66 0.89 0.95 0.99 1 1 1
1965 0 0 0 0.01 0.06 0.2 0.55 0.73 0.99 0.98 1 1 1
1966 0 0 0.01 0.02 0.06 0.22 0.35 0.74 0.94 0.94 1 1 1
1967 0 0 0 0.03 0.07 0.14 0.38 0.64 0.89 0.9 1 1 1
1968 0 0 0.03 0.05 0.09 0.19 0.39 0.58 0.82 1 1 1 1
1969 0 0 0 0.02 0.04 0.12 0.34 0.55 0.74 0.95 1 1 1
1970 0 0.01 0 0.01 0.07 0.23 0.58 0.81 0.89 0.91 1 1 1
1971 0 0 0.01 0.05 0.11 0.3 0.59 0.79 0.86 0.88 1 1 1
1972 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.1 0.34 0.64 0.81 0.94 1 1 1 1
1973 0 0 0 0.02 0.16 0.53 0.81 0.92 0.95 0.98 1 1 1
1974 0 0 0 0.01 0.03 0.21 0.5 0.96 1 0.96 1 1 1
1975 0 0 0.01 0.02 0.09 0.21 0.56 0.78 0.79 0.95 1 1 1
1976 0 0 0 0.05 0.12 0.29 0.45 0.84 0.83 1 0.9 1 1
1977 0 0 0.02 0.08 0.26 0.54 0.76 0.87 0.93 0.94 0.9 1 1
1978 0 0 0 0.02 0.13 0.44 0.71 0.77 0.81 0.89 0.8 1 1
1979 0 0 0 0.03 0.13 0.39 0.77 0.89 0.83 0.78 0.9 1 1
1980 0 0 0 0.02 0.13 0.35 0.65 0.82 1 0.9 0.9 1 1
1981 0 0 0.02 0.07 0.2 0.54 0.8 0.97 1 1 1 1 1
1982 0 0.05 0.1 0.34 0.65 0.82 0.92 1 1 1 1 1 1
1983 0.01 0.08 0.1 0.3 0.73 0.88 0.97 1 1 1 1 1 1
1984 0 0.05 0.18 0.31 0.56 0.9 0.99 1 1 1 1 1 1
1985 0 0.01 0.09 0.36 0.55 0.85 0.96 0.9 1 1 1 1 1
1986 0 0.05 0.08 0.19 0.53 0.71 0.62 0.9 1 1 1 1 1
1987 0 0.01 0.07 0.18 0.22 0.46 0.5 0.75 1 1 1 1 1
1988 0 0.02 0.05 0.33 0.53 0.62 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1989 0.008 0.003 0.029 0.228 0.547 0.705 0.915 1 1 1 1 1 1
1990 0.008 0.013 0.051 0.21 0.522 0.715 0.905 0.975 1 1 1 1 1
1991 0.001 0.032 0.075 0.305 0.708 0.861 0.957 1 1 1 1 1 1
1992 0.001 0.014 0.145 0.419 0.8 0.943 0.974 1 1 1 1 1 1
1993 0 0.028 0.087 0.368 0.704 0.931 0.972 0.994 1 1 1 1 1
1994 0 0.005 0.119 0.336 0.583 0.876 0.965 0.99 1 1 1 1 1
1995 0 0.005 0.06 0.373 0.614 0.748 0.955 0.98 1 1 1 1 1
1996 0 0 0.016 0.252 0.619 0.817 0.975 1 1 1 1 1 1
1997 0 0 0.014 0.14 0.597 0.842 0.95 0.967 1 1 1 1 1
1998 0 0.005 0.031 0.168 0.468 0.828 0.956 0.98 1 1 1 1 1
1999 0 0.001 0.014 0.17 0.506 0.841 0.961 1 1 1 1 1 1
2000 0 0 0.066 0.261 0.699 0.872 0.978 1 1 1 1 1 1
2001 0.001 0.006 0.069 0.378 0.646 0.851 0.955 1 1 1 1 1 1
2002 0.001 0.015 0.085 0.412 0.695 0.846 0.97 1 1 1 1 1 1
2003 0.001 0 0.089 0.331 0.662 0.882 0.96 1 1 1 1 1 1
2004 0 0.009 0.092 0.438 0.728 0.883 0.973 0.974 1 1 1 1 1
2005 0 0.003 0.066 0.366 0.72 0.897 0.971 0.991 1 1 1 1 1
2006 0 0.015 0.061 0.367 0.633 0.907 0.961 1 1 1 1 1 1
2007 0 0.007 0.076 0.37 0.719 0.884 0.977 1 1 1 1 1 1
2008 0.005 0.008 0.082 0.309 0.539 0.869 0.928 0.994 1 1 1 1 1
2009 0 0 0.081 0.362 0.745 0.859 0.978 0.997 0.994 1 1 1 1
2010 0.005 0.006 0.06 0.335 0.552 0.838 0.931 0.971 0.983 1 1 1 1
2011 0 0 0.04 0.339 0.644 0.798 0.932 0.963 0.991 1 1 1 1
2012 0.001 0 0.058 0.209 0.544 0.799 0.93 0.967 0.99 1 1 1 1
2013 0 0 0.01 0.156 0.482 0.763 0.913 0.982 0.985 1 1 1 1
2014 0 0 0.025 0.137 0.516 0.806 0.935 0.984 0.996 1 1 1 1
2015 0 0.001 0.004 0.074 0.282 0.681 0.891 0.963 0.984 1 1 1 1
2016 0 0 0.002 0.057 0.256 0.569 0.832 0.955 0.984 1 1 1 1
2017 0 0.018 0.003 0.148 0.463 0.749 0.931 0.99 1 1 1 1 1
2018 0 0.003 0.028 0.207 0.478 0.731 0.916 0.971 1 1 1 1 1
2019 0 0 0.01 0.126 0.466 0.842 0.942 0.968 0.996 1 1 1 1
2020 0 0 0.014 0.112 0.356 0.775 0.904 0.955 1 1 1 1 1
2021 0.002 0.002 0.006 0.14 0.386 0.657 0.893 0.974 0.959 1 1 1 1
2022 0.014 0 0.01 0.079 0.402 0.674 0.756 0.975 1 1 1 1 1
Table 3.11. Northeast Arctic cod. Proportion mature-at-age

 

Year/age 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
1984 0.000 444.762 22.413 0.215 0.000 0.000 0.000
1985 1640.656 355.672 71.640 0.197 0.000 0.000 0.000
1986 69.757 1124.070 344.039 87.494 0.000 0.000 0.000
1987 653.270 195.414 327.523 14.417 0.000 0.000 0.000
1988 32.270 486.636 26.545 1.794 0.000 0.000 0.000
1989 951.957 142.708 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
1990 0.000 109.640 23.395 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
1991 118.283 138.556 182.041 1.618 0.000 0.000 0.000
1992 3146.005 895.002 143.733 4.186 0.000 0.000 0.000
1993 3873.449 18295.167 481.048 46.764 1.310 0.421 0.000
1994 7995.878 7040.209 651.179 130.171 49.810 7.942 0.414
1995 8203.729 14920.465 760.378 211.699 67.237 3.747 0.224
1996 10262.163 21819.039 1477.810 136.650 52.797 18.510 1.073
1997 3085.037 17766.618 1906.346 165.963 15.744 1.222 0.221
1998 93.400 5763.644 582.473 205.453 23.546 1.464 0.469
1999 638.739 2123.471 305.400 50.915 4.206 0.004 0.000
2000 1922.963 2563.006 189.068 38.518 14.035 3.856 0.042
2001 94.754 2404.601 114.855 23.869 11.687 1.802 0.923
2002 7577.578 457.445 405.246 41.402 5.339 0.811 0.017
2003 5410.402 4128.090 107.755 24.181 0.000 0.000 0.000
2004 6508.732 2408.361 568.160 20.494 10.483 1.329 0.226
2005 2482.844 3044.786 133.839 80.494 4.571 5.544 0.515
2006 3337.557 2142.281 151.324 6.303 2.034 0.075 0.000
2007 2303.122 1155.510 190.498 75.021 3.467 0.129 0.000
2008 14440.722 705.310 86.363 97.361 32.164 4.257 0.000
2009 9638.868 7372.324 143.606 67.084 20.765 5.160 0.221
2010 4184.771 7169.263 302.549 54.174 28.158 17.068 2.263
2011 12568.831 4440.178 454.816 174.000 41.050 10.833 5.172
2012 21164.775 11987.450 1023.341 102.819 31.120 4.405 0.000
2013 26821.152 4829.477 1570.783 176.292 17.040 7.576 1.143
2014 36459.076 6138.927 739.187 196.524 53.594 5.211 0.064
2015 1561.202 10659.102 310.688 68.954 40.190 17.007 1.676
2016 12135.291 2572.774 508.646 12.104 18.929 27.716 6.542
2017 21969.340 1627.847 395.871 119.199 8.193 4.490 3.073
2018 7518.078 13952.051 284.751 36.890 2.311 0.280 0.000
2019 892.162 8908.822 873.433 57.069 6.070 0.019 0.000
2020 3533.239 3025.881 360.127 158.725 47.745 11.827 0.613
2021 25896.500 1928.189 258.702 79.301 28.025 16.039 1.928
Table 3.12. The Northeast Arctic cod stock's consumption of cod in million individuals

Table 3.13. Northeast Arctic COD. Tuning data

tabell

tabell

tabell


Table 3.14. Parameters settings used in SAM run

# Where a matrix is specified rows corresponds to fleets and columns to ages.

# Same number indicates same parameter used

# Numbers (integers) starts from zero and must be consecutive

$minAge

# The minimium age class in the assessment

3

$maxAge

# The maximum age class in the assessment

15

$maxAgePlusGroup

# Is last age group considered a plus group (1 yes, or 0 no).

1 1 1 1 1 1

$keyLogFsta

# Coupling of the fishing mortality states (nomally only first row is used).

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 11

-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

$corFlag

# Correlation of fishing mortality across ages (0 independent, 1 compound symmetry, or 2 AR(1)

0

$keyLogFpar

# Coupling of the survey catchability parameters (nomally first row is not used, as that is covered by fishing mortality).

-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 -1 -1 -1

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 17 -1 -1 -1

18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 26 -1 -1 -1

27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 35 -1 -1 -1

36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 44 -1 -1 -1

$keyQpow

# Density dependent catchability power parameters (if any).

-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

$keyQpow

# Density dependent catchability power parameters (if any).

-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

$keyVarF

# Coupling of process variance parameters for log(F)-process (nomally only first row is used)

0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

$keyVarLogN

# Coupling of process variance parameters for log(N)-process

0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

$keyVarObs

# Coupling of the variance parameters for the observations.

0 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 4

5 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 -1 -1 -1

5 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 -1 -1 -1

8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 -1 -1 -1

10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 -1 -1 -1

12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 -1 -1 -1

$obsCorStruct

# Covariance structure for each fleet ("ID" independent, "AR" AR(1), or "US" for unstructured). | Possible values are: "ID" "AR" "US"

"ID" "AR" "AR" "AR" "AR" "AR"

$keyCorObs

# Coupling of correlation parameters can only be specified if the AR(1) structure is chosen above.

# NA's indicate where correlation parameters can be specified (-1 where they cannot).

#3-4 4-5 5-6 6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15

NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

0 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 -1 -1 -1

0 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 -1 -1 -1

4 4 4 5 6 6 6 7 8 -1 -1 -1

9 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 11 -1 -1 -1

12 12 12 13 13 13 14 14 15 -1 -1 -1

$stockRecruitmentModelCode

# Stock recruitment code (0 for plain random walk, 1 for Ricker, and 2 for Beverton-Holt).

0

$noScaledYears

# Number of years where catch scaling is applied.

0

$keyScaledYears

# A vector of the years where catch scaling is applied.

$keyParScaledYA

# A matrix specifying the couplings of scale parameters (nrow = no scaled years, ncols = no ages).

$fbarRange

# lowest and higest age included in Fbar

5 10

$keyBiomassTreat

# To be defined only if a biomass survey is used (0 SSB index, 1 catch index, and 2 FSB index).

-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

$obsLikelihoodFlag

# Option for observational likelihood | Possible values are: "LN" "ALN"

"LN" "LN" "LN" "LN" "LN" "LN"

$fixVarToWeight

# If weight attribute is supplied for observations this option sets the treatment (0 relative weight, 1 fix variance to weight).

0

 

Year_age 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 +gp FBAR5-10
1946 0.003 0.020 0.070 0.138 0.272 0.249 0.380 0.396 0.573 0.562 0.626 0.645 0.645 0.251
1947 0.002 0.021 0.090 0.188 0.387 0.294 0.450 0.446 0.692 0.635 0.689 0.780 0.780 0.309
1948 0.001 0.021 0.096 0.220 0.463 0.346 0.511 0.451 0.713 0.694 0.742 0.923 0.923 0.348
1949 0.002 0.030 0.138 0.301 0.472 0.367 0.460 0.477 0.771 0.751 0.789 1.029 1.029 0.369
1950 0.002 0.043 0.164 0.314 0.436 0.363 0.480 0.538 0.838 0.855 0.816 1.151 1.151 0.383
1951 0.009 0.079 0.232 0.344 0.446 0.392 0.496 0.567 0.781 0.866 0.841 1.200 1.200 0.413
1952 0.014 0.104 0.276 0.430 0.475 0.408 0.522 0.638 0.843 0.920 0.844 1.201 1.201 0.458
1953 0.020 0.112 0.251 0.360 0.403 0.374 0.474 0.613 0.813 0.823 0.798 1.021 1.021 0.412
1954 0.017 0.116 0.267 0.384 0.424 0.358 0.489 0.707 0.831 0.822 0.790 0.929 0.929 0.438
1955 0.015 0.108 0.295 0.493 0.496 0.508 0.565 0.750 0.895 0.866 0.791 0.862 0.862 0.518
1956 0.018 0.122 0.349 0.579 0.558 0.597 0.588 0.740 0.892 0.986 0.825 0.804 0.804 0.568
1957 0.021 0.137 0.292 0.529 0.547 0.587 0.536 0.675 0.880 0.914 0.823 0.718 0.718 0.528
1958 0.035 0.181 0.359 0.544 0.540 0.512 0.509 0.692 0.829 0.880 0.720 0.629 0.629 0.526
1959 0.035 0.203 0.425 0.525 0.527 0.528 0.552 0.721 0.787 0.801 0.707 0.643 0.643 0.546
1960 0.036 0.212 0.407 0.511 0.496 0.547 0.525 0.755 0.854 0.802 0.697 0.711 0.711 0.54
1961 0.038 0.225 0.490 0.577 0.547 0.644 0.696 0.849 0.897 0.863 0.742 0.749 0.749 0.634
1962 0.036 0.225 0.581 0.747 0.632 0.683 0.795 1.008 0.935 0.845 0.775 0.738 0.738 0.741
1963 0.024 0.194 0.581 0.795 0.754 0.771 0.892 1.080 1.079 0.851 0.802 0.735 0.735 0.812
1964 0.019 0.159 0.413 0.554 0.584 0.698 0.933 0.883 0.977 0.802 0.882 0.756 0.756 0.678
1965 0.023 0.144 0.365 0.460 0.473 0.590 0.786 0.799 0.805 0.670 0.892 0.759 0.759 0.579
1966 0.030 0.141 0.288 0.390 0.469 0.601 0.753 0.791 0.714 0.655 0.799 0.675 0.675 0.549
1967 0.029 0.155 0.266 0.331 0.465 0.639 0.828 0.811 0.770 0.665 0.793 0.609 0.609 0.557
1968 0.025 0.176 0.355 0.433 0.496 0.634 0.848 0.832 0.748 0.600 0.800 0.631 0.631 0.6
1969 0.026 0.183 0.403 0.481 0.628 0.810 1.005 0.922 0.834 0.631 0.757 0.620 0.620 0.708
1970 0.034 0.164 0.376 0.466 0.588 0.823 0.996 0.933 0.796 0.577 0.712 0.630 0.630 0.697
1971 0.030 0.155 0.307 0.356 0.505 0.808 0.981 0.920 0.802 0.605 0.690 0.616 0.616 0.646
1972 0.051 0.184 0.334 0.403 0.429 0.719 1.056 1.011 0.895 0.652 0.745 0.635 0.635 0.659
1973 0.132 0.226 0.386 0.440 0.460 0.699 0.920 0.861 0.845 0.674 0.756 0.620 0.620 0.628
1974 0.159 0.297 0.481 0.520 0.510 0.625 0.669 0.869 0.910 0.714 0.893 0.628 0.628 0.612
1975 0.115 0.276 0.506 0.621 0.640 0.730 0.724 0.729 0.937 0.778 0.954 0.596 0.596 0.658
1976 0.142 0.307 0.529 0.615 0.686 0.851 0.875 0.674 0.797 0.821 0.942 0.674 0.674 0.705
1977 0.128 0.335 0.631 0.677 0.707 0.900 1.126 0.857 0.895 0.809 1.053 0.810 0.810 0.816
1978 0.110 0.253 0.568 0.735 0.766 0.892 1.217 0.946 1.301 1.007 1.203 0.917 0.917 0.854
1979 0.056 0.202 0.410 0.622 0.711 0.804 1.094 0.991 1.293 1.095 1.127 1.011 1.011 0.772
1980 0.038 0.157 0.346 0.628 0.724 0.810 0.999 1.056 1.228 0.997 1.164 0.907 0.907 0.761
1981 0.032 0.141 0.284 0.583 0.784 0.970 1.158 0.974 1.070 0.937 1.046 0.835 0.835 0.792
1982 0.040 0.158 0.287 0.643 0.841 0.917 1.131 0.827 0.822 0.925 0.866 0.822 0.822 0.774
1983 0.028 0.164 0.301 0.550 0.904 1.078 1.067 0.846 0.713 0.726 0.802 0.866 0.866 0.791
1984 0.024 0.155 0.331 0.583 1.060 1.166 1.165 0.897 0.746 0.702 0.670 0.892 0.892 0.867
1985 0.037 0.160 0.389 0.667 0.945 1.147 0.933 0.780 0.758 0.655 0.593 0.950 0.950 0.81
1986 0.031 0.170 0.454 0.764 0.909 1.140 0.930 1.040 0.887 0.851 0.586 1.074 1.074 0.873
1987 0.038 0.153 0.467 0.823 1.011 1.112 0.895 1.245 0.975 1.001 0.635 1.259 1.259 0.926
1988 0.034 0.126 0.334 0.637 0.931 1.014 1.023 1.346 0.956 0.914 0.730 1.213 1.213 0.881
1989 0.030 0.106 0.252 0.459 0.641 0.828 0.816 0.997 0.752 0.708 0.697 1.432 1.432 0.665
1990 0.020 0.092 0.179 0.310 0.418 0.499 0.549 0.590 0.650 0.610 0.624 1.309 1.309 0.424
1991 0.020 0.101 0.213 0.345 0.435 0.471 0.504 0.481 0.494 0.592 0.569 1.261 1.261 0.408
1992 0.024 0.114 0.280 0.429 0.528 0.554 0.563 0.556 0.515 0.698 0.538 1.250 1.250 0.485
1993 0.014 0.110 0.315 0.522 0.617 0.657 0.691 0.707 0.686 0.823 0.676 1.223 1.223 0.585
1994 0.012 0.109 0.322 0.596 0.920 0.913 0.869 0.846 0.908 0.930 0.777 1.207 1.207 0.744
1995 0.014 0.116 0.323 0.606 0.930 0.894 0.947 0.918 1.006 0.959 0.857 1.118 1.118 0.77
1996 0.021 0.133 0.352 0.619 0.885 0.937 0.854 1.094 0.959 0.958 0.927 1.025 1.025 0.79
1997 0.022 0.168 0.444 0.683 0.897 1.199 1.125 1.260 1.027 1.015 0.923 0.931 0.931 0.935
1998 0.026 0.180 0.471 0.710 0.855 1.159 1.133 1.306 1.049 0.892 0.827 0.779 0.779 0.939
1999 0.015 0.148 0.460 0.680 0.869 1.099 1.218 1.289 0.950 0.875 0.685 0.686 0.686 0.936
2000 0.009 0.113 0.363 0.586 0.831 1.016 1.103 1.176 0.840 0.890 0.544 0.665 0.665 0.846
2001 0.009 0.095 0.293 0.531 0.754 0.922 0.884 1.038 0.725 0.757 0.432 0.694 0.694 0.737
2002 0.008 0.090 0.276 0.520 0.772 0.881 0.831 0.780 0.615 0.714 0.378 0.651 0.651 0.677
2003 0.010 0.088 0.284 0.474 0.726 0.807 0.768 0.727 0.556 0.614 0.348 0.615 0.615 0.631
2004 0.010 0.090 0.292 0.499 0.762 0.850 0.885 0.921 0.615 0.649 0.327 0.509 0.509 0.702
2005 0.011 0.102 0.317 0.515 0.733 0.858 0.937 0.862 0.646 0.710 0.325 0.454 0.454 0.704
2006 0.016 0.102 0.280 0.440 0.613 0.730 0.787 0.763 0.648 0.731 0.347 0.528 0.528 0.602
2007 0.017 0.091 0.240 0.347 0.446 0.536 0.550 0.516 0.619 0.708 0.353 0.446 0.446 0.439
2008 0.011 0.069 0.162 0.275 0.367 0.442 0.475 0.427 0.568 0.661 0.363 0.360 0.360 0.358
2009 0.010 0.058 0.132 0.220 0.315 0.351 0.450 0.360 0.516 0.709 0.397 0.303 0.303 0.305
2010 0.009 0.049 0.106 0.177 0.278 0.373 0.387 0.409 0.579 0.580 0.449 0.275 0.275 0.289
2011 0.006 0.048 0.105 0.160 0.253 0.348 0.438 0.519 0.543 0.486 0.435 0.223 0.223 0.304
2012 0.006 0.046 0.118 0.160 0.239 0.322 0.411 0.470 0.526 0.447 0.407 0.213 0.213 0.287
2013 0.007 0.048 0.122 0.189 0.267 0.358 0.436 0.501 0.539 0.451 0.386 0.232 0.232 0.312
2014 0.008 0.053 0.141 0.227 0.311 0.387 0.411 0.499 0.578 0.489 0.391 0.244 0.244 0.329
2015 0.010 0.055 0.148 0.267 0.321 0.389 0.357 0.487 0.719 0.554 0.408 0.257 0.257 0.328
2016 0.009 0.052 0.147 0.255 0.337 0.411 0.397 0.533 0.803 0.609 0.440 0.275 0.275 0.347
2017 0.010 0.056 0.150 0.268 0.350 0.467 0.462 0.567 0.862 0.675 0.473 0.282 0.282 0.377
2018 0.011 0.058 0.156 0.263 0.359 0.446 0.502 0.616 0.828 0.725 0.498 0.273 0.273 0.39
2019 0.009 0.060 0.155 0.251 0.365 0.478 0.495 0.648 0.773 0.716 0.483 0.248 0.248 0.399
2020 0.009 0.059 0.165 0.276 0.394 0.498 0.561 0.677 0.760 0.713 0.489 0.227 0.227 0.428
2021 0.009 0.058 0.190 0.335 0.458 0.531 0.665 0.710 0.665 0.730 0.506 0.225 0.225 0.481
mean(2019-2021) 0.009 0.059 0.170 0.287 0.405 0.502 0.574 0.678 0.733 0.720 0.493 0.233    
Table 3.15. Northeast Arctic cod. Fishing mortality
Year_age 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 +gp TOTAL
1946 1138875 674081 370253 171071 77923 84274 227182 80736 36040 30588 18820 8099 2000 2919941
1947 583558 680325 497592 297864 133321 53420 56274 132766 45831 17380 14684 8425 4527 2525967
1948 441494 334537 463090 345955 206880 75300 34934 29910 69650 18411 7667 6095 4982 2038904
1949 624817 287962 262924 354790 229043 104064 42924 16918 15966 28256 7438 3005 3613 1981720
1950 1024284 394353 228830 186924 208751 114784 57080 22791 8661 6119 11091 2737 1942 2268347
1951 2440524 781190 310474 177015 114631 111085 65962 28218 10898 2983 2092 4039 1193 4050304
1952 2338131 1141327 462833 189831 115697 61717 61087 33229 13122 4214 1024 728 1278 4424220
1953 2420273 1119433 641186 245573 90830 59973 33132 28534 13937 4524 1346 356 476 4659572
1954 830203 1390947 711109 388377 137888 48822 34597 17286 12923 5054 1647 496 244 3579593
1955 383411 549468 924667 435537 224018 75037 30516 18096 6931 4700 1836 617 240 2655074
1956 747357 246123 395235 552161 212319 112876 35660 14592 7025 2276 1660 691 298 2328273
1957 1431849 405217 151010 208946 238722 95012 49161 15404 5681 2356 663 596 362 2604980
1958 935015 718102 249309 95731 100349 109399 40988 23289 6425 1909 779 227 381 2281903
1959 1313367 488473 429348 141060 47105 47622 54789 20175 9519 2299 638 319 268 2554982
1960 1480277 626162 253703 208036 69352 23042 22952 25329 8039 3646 863 256 262 2721918
1961 1552082 708191 348243 134365 102561 36277 11320 12019 9805 2784 1376 361 209 2919593
1962 1252752 814278 391966 168873 64364 49223 15627 4557 4402 3277 940 542 221 2771023
1963 902995 703924 457020 166096 62880 28846 20762 5758 1328 1469 1160 350 301 2352889
1964 469311 410065 369897 179554 54927 21651 10574 6930 1520 350 515 433 257 1525983
1965 873429 248981 258596 200116 83090 23791 8209 3222 2390 451 122 172 266 1702835
1966 1844528 563298 165848 144515 106254 44069 10951 3047 1179 896 192 39 163 2884978
1967 1313542 1272090 394780 105642 80359 55306 20425 4376 1137 492 389 73 81 3248692
1968 183211 1017152 891189 279158 72101 42178 23728 7296 1617 422 206 146 70 2518475
1969 110531 138123 705341 495907 154507 41024 19604 8552 2640 651 194 74 95 1677244
1970 206006 85838 88150 370015 238493 64476 15111 5825 2766 915 280 75 75 1078028
1971 403526 145144 57803 45378 174631 103392 22564 4584 1860 1030 428 113 66 960519
1972 1047601 312098 104886 37239 27220 81787 36152 6971 1530 696 466 182 80 1656907
1973 1724173 750354 211954 63718 21193 15847 32371 9746 1981 500 297 180 115 2832429
1974 566400 1214266 515633 122915 35325 11310 6618 10166 3411 701 207 118 131 2487201
1975 608427 366220 673009 258385 61542 18442 5360 3071 3306 1119 283 68 110 1999342
1976 605952 445112 227118 312536 108504 26032 7494 2266 1302 1000 417 88 83 1737904
1977 372123 418084 273454 112868 137242 43313 8837 2623 1047 526 346 136 73 1370672
1978 624267 247635 219350 112571 47592 55805 14040 2251 895 385 210 98 77 1325175
1979 202902 448677 155381 91009 40852 17651 18414 3270 697 186 116 51 57 979264
1980 130635 155356 302011 87204 39255 16107 6539 5038 982 154 48 31 31 743392
1981 144064 102751 112715 174459 38044 15653 6028 2072 1395 231 47 12 20 597492
1982 183023 126006 83624 63543 81754 15265 4647 1519 643 379 74 13 11 560502
1983 141058 137105 92372 51865 28760 28245 4914 1238 568 230 118 26 9 486509
1984 442631 115250 83610 54129 24596 10622 7710 1355 440 242 95 42 12 740735
1985 532740 387974 82267 44912 24259 6360 2798 1916 439 166 101 41 18 1083990
1986 1374811 406174 244982 46445 19117 7413 1597 1007 753 177 74 47 19 2102615
1987 359158 1008264 256617 109598 16431 6818 1788 572 288 255 62 35 19 1759905
1988 335224 239845 594077 118852 32968 5011 1735 625 134 90 73 27 12 1328672
1989 158192 229165 148067 304366 55075 9916 1483 487 126 40 29 27 10 906983
1990 131207 128891 129652 95524 141230 22928 2918 536 138 48 16 11 7 653107
1991 297393 126695 97871 86051 61714 81767 11481 1381 249 55 22 7 4 764688
1992 716809 272016 101011 69155 48733 33921 46453 6094 809 133 25 10 3 1295172
1993 990119 504157 241432 72816 36846 23561 15535 24035 3061 437 58 13 3 1912071
1994 752658 734832 400366 147087 39093 15947 10672 6403 9877 1336 162 24 4 2118459
1995 539812 493577 525544 232089 63132 12508 5327 3446 2230 3255 428 61 7 1881416
1996 405894 304709 337363 283121 104043 19861 4303 1589 1123 624 1029 148 18 1463825
1997 783453 210101 205596 183110 120012 37458 6314 1652 441 339 195 335 49 1549057
1998 1059540 477806 127297 98038 70990 41641 9521 1630 360 132 95 62 121 1887233
1999 630159 604406 264735 62506 32948 26060 11642 2527 347 99 46 33 69 1635579
2000 749764 410834 377249 122599 24473 11241 7424 2656 587 110 33 19 42 1707031
2001 593562 535126 291773 185130 52027 9006 3415 1939 671 202 35 16 26 1672928
2002 375075 431865 368919 186553 82287 20388 3117 1189 572 253 79 19 17 1470332
2003 759779 288708 288362 235921 84519 30369 6787 1147 449 268 99 46 15 1696468
2004 243027 577509 215419 182849 116496 33995 10997 2654 492 230 130 56 27 1383882
2005 697364 186451 407267 136600 94486 39298 11278 4002 854 216 101 82 41 1578040
2006 539345 470095 141844 232607 68968 34190 13769 3414 1374 382 86 63 72 1506209
2007 1259517 439814 305605 89468 120749 30555 12807 4650 1222 587 154 49 67 2265243
2008 1017985 976289 337459 169025 53247 63615 15827 5829 2023 562 231 89 60 2642242
2009 590038 795485 745082 250581 90127 34070 29401 8128 3178 984 244 129 86 2547533
2010 204469 459238 654988 553101 170159 55001 19389 15158 4830 1699 380 138 131 2138680
2011 362283 183687 382331 539606 392561 87459 32100 10950 8494 2154 819 186 166 2002795
2012 509539 278784 148118 318532 409532 223437 45996 16640 5549 4081 1091 445 228 1961972
2013 472255 373104 228605 130017 244523 268796 139194 24118 9004 2645 2147 595 463 1895465
2014 860386 362190 300542 184030 103257 172721 150851 68053 11898 4168 1358 1195 695 2221343
2015 457348 579081 304387 216038 134295 69381 100654 78138 32311 5632 2050 746 1214 1981275
2016 289567 320014 424662 218679 138182 78203 45580 55989 36842 12667 2647 1107 1235 1625374
2017 788999 244082 231861 292021 149931 80467 42529 25522 24811 13794 5622 1394 1425 1902457
2018 510445 552851 192821 163927 191443 89215 41563 22753 11788 8282 5617 2810 1673 1795188
2019 666503 381061 401157 154720 95668 112423 49075 20655 9896 4265 3148 2686 2608 1903864
2020 568171 447081 288610 261056 106551 57499 59802 24839 9196 3707 1728 1571 3143 1832953
2021 406025 368619 329704 200343 155439 57711 29745 28086 11291 3488 1496 881 2950 1595778
2022   274930 264131 197664 122520 81092 26996 12661 11264 4775 1378 739 2511 1189669
Table 3.16. Northeast Arctic COD Stock number-at-age (Thous)

 


Year_age 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 +gp
1946 0.49 0.304 0.226 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1947 0.544 0.325 0.231 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1948 0.493 0.305 0.226 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1949 0.434 0.282 0.221 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1950 0.316 0.236 0.21 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1951 0.724 0.394 0.247 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1952 0.715 0.391 0.246 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1953 0.537 0.322 0.23 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1954 0.388 0.264 0.217 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1955 0.406 0.271 0.218 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1956 0.59 0.342 0.235 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1957 0.725 0.395 0.247 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1958 0.562 0.332 0.232 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1959 0.713 0.39 0.246 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1960 0.704 0.387 0.245 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1961 0.609 0.35 0.237 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1962 0.52 0.315 0.229 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1963 0.788 0.419 0.253 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1964 0.603 0.348 0.236 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1965 0.416 0.275 0.219 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1966 0.353 0.25 0.214 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1967 0.271 0.219 0.206 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1968 0.224 0.201 0.202 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1969 0.206 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1970 0.293 0.227 0.208 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1971 0.256 0.213 0.205 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1972 0.323 0.239 0.211 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1973 0.217 0.2 0.201 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1974 0.217 0.2 0.201 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1975 0.232 0.204 0.203 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1976 0.224 0.2 0.202 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1977 0.249 0.21 0.204 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1978 0.234 0.204 0.203 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1979 0.208 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1980 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1981 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1982 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1983 0.203 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1984 0.201 0.2 0.219 0.21 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1985 0.205 0.224 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1986 0.27 0.216 0.254 0.232 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1987 0.256 0.237 0.22 0.273 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1988 0.223 0.211 0.243 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1989 0.2 0.23 0.2 0.233 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1990 0.2 0.2 0.206 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1991 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.207 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1992 0.207 0.2 0.2 0.202 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1993 0.241 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1994 0.348 0.261 0.215 0.22 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1995 0.531 0.315 0.228 0.203 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1996 0.524 0.327 0.244 0.218 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1997 0.421 0.269 0.242 0.227 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1998 0.429 0.274 0.22 0.269 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1999 0.264 0.234 0.238 0.224 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2000 0.248 0.212 0.244 0.226 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2001 0.236 0.22 0.2 0.231 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2002 0.278 0.212 0.2 0.224 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2003 0.239 0.2 0.2 0.212 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2004 0.25 0.215 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2005 0.298 0.212 0.215 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2006 0.203 0.228 0.2 0.207 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2007 0.247 0.2 0.247 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2008 0.258 0.213 0.2 0.233 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2009 0.274 0.209 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2010 0.296 0.235 0.207 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2011 0.423 0.313 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2012 0.38 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2013 0.393 0.235 0.205 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2014 0.37 0.294 0.212 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2015 0.356 0.262 0.235 0.204 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2016 0.216 0.256 0.265 0.216 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2017 0.395 0.218 0.214 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2018 0.272 0.212 0.2 0.216 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2019 0.306 0.217 0.213 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2020 0.431 0.236 0.2 0.21 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2021 0.402 0.272 0.256 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Table 3.17. Northeast Arctic COD. Natural mortality used in final run

 

Year RECRUITS TOTALBIO TOTSPBIO LANDINGS YIELD/SSB FBAR 5-10
1946 1138875 3931401 952394 706000 0.7413 0.251
1947 583558 3385179 903494 882017 0.9762 0.309
1948 441494 3351125 785218 774295 0.9861 0.348
1949 624817 2890579 595220 800122 1.3442 0.369
1950 1024284 2790520 536083 731982 1.3654 0.383
1951 2440524 3704792 494974 827180 1.6712 0.413
1952 2338131 4130639 488811 876795 1.7937 0.458
1953 2420273 4106311 412127 695546 1.6877 0.412
1954 830203 4208114 408122 826021 2.024 0.438
1955 383411 3542239 328050 1147841 3.499 0.518
1956 747357 3322443 281511 1343068 4.7709 0.568
1957 1431849 2814500 212384 792557 3.7317 0.528
1958 935015 2359498 205396 769313 3.7455 0.526
1959 1313367 2726727 434343 744607 1.7143 0.546
1960 1480277 2353678 384643 622042 1.6172 0.54
1961 1552082 2351974 386423 783221 2.0269 0.634
1962 1252752 2178272 315358 909266 2.8833 0.741
1963 902995 2010999 216125 776337 3.5921 0.812
1964 469311 1509320 200521 437695 2.1828 0.678
1965 873429 1454087 108075 444930 4.1169 0.579
1966 1844528 2217369 120996 483711 3.9978 0.549
1967 1313542 2732291 128675 572605 4.45 0.557
1968 183211 3286062 222846 1074084 4.8198 0.6
1969 110531 2824248 148914 1197226 8.0397 0.708
1970 206006 2165403 242143 933246 3.8541 0.697
1971 403526 1658704 330542 689048 2.0846 0.646
1972 1047601 1610511 353348 565254 1.5997 0.659
1973 1724173 2280602 334063 792685 2.3729 0.628
1974 566400 2186032 158939 1102433 6.9362 0.612
1975 608427 2093891 133486 829377 6.2132 0.658
1976 605952 1943280 167229 867463 5.1873 0.705
1977 372123 1935049 336160 905301 2.6931 0.816
1978 624267 1588450 227984 698715 3.0648 0.854
1979 202902 1137982 180487 440538 2.4408 0.772
1980 130635 853030 108443 380434 3.5081 0.761
1981 144064 964831 161275 399038 2.4743 0.792
1982 183023 750810 321134 363730 1.1326 0.774
1983 141058 747305 311281 289992 0.9316 0.791
1984 442631 830891 243444 277651 1.1405 0.867
1985 532740 1004865 195314 307920 1.5765 0.81
1986 1374811 1407704 164104 430113 2.621 0.873
1987 359158 1241250 115090 523071 4.5449 0.926
1988 335224 1009357 191447 434939 2.2718 0.881
1989 158192 956390 237375 332481 1.4007 0.665
1990 131207 909733 302447 212000 0.7009 0.424
1991 297393 1344239 635130 319158 0.5025 0.408
1992 716809 1690371 803817 513234 0.6385 0.485
1993 990119 2205391 702294 581611 0.8282 0.585
1994 752658 2120954 572233 771086 1.3475 0.744
1995 539812 1855549 534987 739999 1.3832 0.77
1996 405894 1700023 551598 732228 1.3275 0.79
1997 783453 1542431 545940 762403 1.3965 0.935
1998 1059540 1359999 386207 592624 1.5345 0.939
1999 630159 1206925 281001 484910 1.7257 0.936
2000 749764 1228857 255917 414868 1.6211 0.846
2001 593562 1481581 383996 426471 1.1106 0.737
2002 375075 1598087 521728 535045 1.0255 0.677
2003 759779 1685729 572476 551990 0.9642 0.631
2004 243027 1571565 666767 606445 0.9095 0.702
2005 697364 1521981 580090 641276 1.1055 0.704
2006 539345 1547352 584912 537642 0.9192 0.602
2007 1259517 1877119 652597 486883 0.7461 0.439
2008 1017985 2568546 724270 464171 0.6409 0.358
2009 590038 3109989 1016900 523430 0.5147 0.305
2010 204469 3355623 1250449 609983 0.4878 0.289
2011 362283 3592388 1814926 719830 0.3966 0.304
2012 509539 3673800 2037769 727663 0.3571 0.287
2013 472255 3766466 2271239 966209 0.4254 0.312
2014 860386 3504846 2164925 986449 0.4557 0.329
2015 457348 3348812 1761651 864384 0.4907 0.328
2016 289567 2926799 1417485 849422 0.5992 0.347
2017 788999 2867063 1446266 868276 0.6004 0.377
2018 510445 2677304 1314594 778627 0.5923 0.39
2019 666503 2587148 1267579 692609 0.5464 0.399
2020 568171 2318488 1045938 692903 0.6625 0.428
2021 406025 2132863 936281 767284 0.8195 0.481
Arith. Mean 737200 2229299 576163 673724 2.0158 0.591
Table 3.18. Northeast Arctic COD. Summary table
Year Age N M Mat PF PM SWT Sel CWT
2022 3 476000 0.380 0.014 0 0 0.293 0.010 0.499
4 274930 0.242 0.000 0 0 0.48 0.058 0.869
5 264131 0.223 0.010 0 0 0.929 0.163 1.381
6 197664 0.203 0.079 0 0 1.616 0.279 2.141
7 122520 0.2 0.402 0 0 2.741 0.385 3.033
8 81092 0.2 0.674 0 0 3.933 0.484 4.219
9 26996 0.2 0.756 0 0 5.744 0.537 5.850
10 12661 0.2 0.975 0 0 8.012 0.644 7.317
11 11264 0.2 1 0 0 9.648 0.778 8.453
12 4775 0.2 1 0 0 11.361 0.712 10.303
13 1378 0.2 1 0 0 13.279 0.490 11.400
14 739 0.2 1 0 0 15.613 0.251 12.838
15 2511 0.2 1 0 0 17.706 0.251 14.058
2023 3 566000 0.380 0.005 0 0 0.227 0.010 0.597
4   0.242 0.001 0 0 0.580 0.058 0.841
5   0.223 0.010 0 0 0.945 0.163 1.354
6   0.203 0.110 0 0 1.573 0.279 2.035
7   0.2 0.381 0 0 2.539 0.385 3.014
8   0.2 0.702 0 0 3.913 0.484 4.269
9   0.2 0.851 0 0 5.606 0.537 5.704
10   0.2 0.968 0 0 7.661 0.644 7.119
11   0.2 0.986 0 0 9.990 0.778 8.422
12   0.2 1 0 0 11.495 0.712 9.959
13   0.2 1 0 0 13.459 0.490 11.712
14   0.2 1 0 0 15.448 0.251 12.814
15   0.2 1 0 0 17.818 0.251 14.251
2024 3 383000 0.380 0.005 0 0 0.214 0.010 0.597
4   0.242 0.001 0 0 0.515 0.058 0.841
5   0.223 0.010 0 0 1.045 0.163 1.354
6   0.203 0.110 0 0 1.589 0.279 2.035
7   0.2 0.381 0 0 2.496 0.385 3.014
8   0.2 0.702 0 0 3.712 0.484 4.269
9   0.2 0.851 0 0 5.586 0.537 5.704
10   0.2 0.968 0 0 7.523 0.644 7.119
11   0.2 0.986 0 0 9.639 0.778 8.422
12   0.2 1 0 0 11.836 0.712 9.959
13   0.2 1 0 0 13.592 0.490 11.712
14   0.2 1 0 0 15.627 0.251 12.814
15   0.2 1 0 0 17.653 0.251 14.251

Table 3.19a. Northeast Arctic COD. Input for the short term prediction
Year Cod3 OxSatt39 DOxSatt13 ITwt43 Icet15 expIcet40
1962 1252752 -0.19 -6.6 1.86 0.5 0
1963 902995 -0.94 -2.37 1.59 1.5 0
1964 469311 1.63 1.23 2.47 9 0
1965 873429 0.88 -0.2 3.91 15.7 0
1966 1844528 -1.09 -3.98 7.97 5.3 0
1967 1313542 -0.23 -2.84 8.23 5 9.3
1968 183211 1.5 -0.13 3.78 15.5 0
1969 110531 0.85 0.63 1.77 15.9 0
1970 206006 -0.17 -0.23 3.51 19.8 7.9
1971 403526 0.06 -0.12 -0.13 18.8 2.7
1972 1047601 -3.32 -6.59 14.55 -0.6 428.9
1973 1724173 -2.1 -10.37 19.14 1.8 768.6
1974 566400 1.06 -1.73 2.4 2 0
1975 608427 1.9 0.78 -2.64 -1.2 0
1976 605952 1.33 -1.28 -3.07 -1.9 0
1977 372123 -0.07 -1.84 -2.44 2.5 0
1978 624267 1.19 0.1 1.05 -1 0
1979 202902 0.5 -1.48 -0.12 3.5 0
1980 130635 -0.31 -2.72 1.98 12.9 0
1981 144064 0.76 -0.18 1.94 14.7 0
1982 183023 0.8 0.61 -3.15 8 0.1
1983 141058 0.78 0.22 1.87 12.2 8.5
1984 442631 -2.21 -2.35 -3.08 12.9 0
1985 532740 -0.1 -1.17 3.59 -1.2 0.1
1986 1374811 -2.14 -4.39 1.39 -8.5 2.9
1987 359158 -0.33 -1.69 2.12 0.6 0
1988 335224 0.87 -1.4 -2.34 3.8 0
1989 158192 0.32 -3.42 -5.17 10.5 0
1990 131207 1.11 -1.32 -4.21 10.5 0
1991 297393 0.88 0.7 2.42 6.5 0
1992 716809 1.34 0.48 1.37 -0.9 0
1993 990119 -1.98 -3.86 6.12 -0.6 0
1994 752658 -0.5 -2.26 8.25 -4.9 0
1995 539812 0.83 -2.42 4.36 1.8 0
1996 405894 0.86 -0.08 0.55 0.7 0
1997 783453 0.88 0.17 3.11 -7.3 0
1998 1059540 0.3 -6.08 -2.32 -2.5 0
1999 630159 -0.72 -2.4 -6.81 2.9 0
2000 749764 1.86 1.55 -2.29 13.6 0
2001 593562 0.62 0.05 -6.04 2.3 0
2002 375075 -0.88 -0.98 3.63 -9.9 0.8
2003 759779 -0.39 -0.64 8.5 -5.8 0
2004 243027 -2.2 -2.53 -4.62 -1.4 0
2005 697364 -1.65 -1.82 -1.45 4.9 0
2006 539345 -1.18 -1.65 -4 -6 0
2007 1259517 -1.39 -4.42 7.42 -12.3 0
2008 1017985 -1.14 -1.59 3.39 -18 0
2009 590038 0.79 -1.83 -1.61 -17.5 0
2010 204469 -0.38 -2.6 -8.94 -9 0
2011 362283 0.83 -0.07 -5 -4.3 0
2012 509539 0.91 -0.13 -5.05 -4.3 0
2013 472255 0.04 -0.09 1.44 -10.5 0
2014 860386 -0.46 -1 1.43 -17.8 0
2015 457348 -1.26 -1.62 -2.22 -10.5 0
2016 289567 -1.31 -1.92 -7.52 -5.8 0
2017 788999 -0.33 -0.64 -1.69 -14.4 0
2018 510445 -1.24 -1.41 0.1 -20.9 0
2019 666503 -0.63 -1.08 -1.71 -13.2 0
2020 568171 -2.02 -2.19 -6.35 -13.6 0
2021 406025 -0.8 -1.08 -1.33 -9.2 0
2022 NA -1.55 -2.1 -2.47 -12.8 0
2023 NA -1.52 -2.85 -4.18 -8.5 0
2024 NA -0.31 NA -5.63 NA 0
2025 NA -0.35 NA -7.5 NA 0

Table 3.19b. Northeast Arctic COD. Input for the short term prediction
yearclass recruitment BST1 BST2 BST3 BSA1 BSA2 BSA3
1982 533 NA NA NA NA NA NA
1983 1375 NA NA NA NA NA NA
1984 359 NA NA NA NA NA NA
1985 335 NA NA NA NA NA NA
1986 158 NA NA NA NA NA NA
1987 131 NA NA NA NA NA NA
1988 297 NA NA NA NA NA NA
1989 717 NA NA NA NA NA NA
1990 990 NA NA NA NA NA NA
1991 753 NA NA 294 NA NA 324
1992 540 NA 557 283 NA 624 138
1993 406 1044 541 163 903 212 99
1994 783 5356 792 318 2175 272 159
1995 1060 5899 1423 355 1826 565 391
1996 630 5044 496 188 1699 475 148
1997 750 2491 350 246 2524 232 295
1998 594 473 242 183 365 263 177
1999 375 129 78 118 153 52 61
2000 760 713 419 377 364 209 307
2001 243 34 66 64 19 53 33
2002 697 3022 243 249 1505 117 125
2003 539 323 217 116 161 139 65
2004 1260 853 289 361 500 158 59
2005 1018 674 370 194 411 47 200
2006 590 595 102 126 85 94 108
2007 204 69 36 37 51 26 23
2008 362 389 95 85 205 44 40
2009 510 1028 226 76 620 91 83
2010 472 617 100 69 266 40 61
2011 860 703 143 227 497 89 287
2012 457 436 191 144 313 211 139
2013 290 1246 343 99 1759 211 56
2014 789 1642 306 179 1904 202 112
2015 510 312 129 139 241 73 109
2016 667 645 501 282 439 280 204
2017 568 2714 559 238 2058 362 117
2018 406 1791 274 112 1437 158 65
2019 NA 165 35 52 93 29 29
2020 NA 81 66 NA 46 43 NA
2021 NA 668 NA NA 525 NA NA
Table 3.19c. Northeast Arctic COD. Input for the short term prediction using RCT3
Model Variable Years 2022 2023 2024 2025
TitovEL Age 3 4 610 543 383 315
weight   0.318 0.512 1 1
TitovES Age 3 2 624 590    
weight   0.304 0.488    
RCT3 Age 3 3 244 337 505  
weight   0.378      
Hybrid Age 3 4 476 566 383 315
Table 3.19d. Overview of available prognoses of NEA cod recruitment (in million individuals of age 3) from different models.

 

2022        
Biomass (t) SSB (t) FMult FBar Landings (t)  
1984724 832958 1 0.481 640700  
           
2023       2024  
Biomass SSB FBar Landings Biomass SSB
1793327 751297 0.00 0 2283565 1134101
    0.05 72129 2200360 1072502
    0.10 140660 2121527 1014542
    0.15 205801 2046806 959991
    0.20 267747 1975955 908634
    0.25 326679 1908745 860271
    0.30 382768 1844965 814716
    0.35 436175 1784414 771794
    0.40 487049 1726907 731342
    0.45 535531 1672268 693208
    0.50 581755 1620333 657249
    0.55 625843 1570949 623332
    0.60 667913 1523970 591333
    0.65 708075 1479262 561135
    0.70 746432 1436698 532630
    0.75 783080 1396158 505715
    0.80 818111 1357530 480296
    0.85 851611 1320710 456282
    0.90 883661 1285597 433589
    0.95 914335 1252100 412141
           
Table 3.20. Northeast Arctic COD. Management option table.

 

Table 3.21. Northeast Arctic COD. Detailed prediction output assuming Fsq in 20 22 and HCR in 2023.
Age F CatchNos Yield StockNos Biomass SSNos(Jan) SSB(Jan)
Fbar age range: 5-10
Year: 2022
F multiplier: 1
Fbar: 0.4810
3 0.011 4382 2 476000 139 6664 2
4 0.067 15944 14 274930 132 0 0
5 0.189 40924 57 264131 245 2641 2
6 0.323 49604 106 197664 319 15615 25
7 0.446 40267 122 122520 336 49253 135
8 0.561 31836 134 81092 319 54656 215
9 0.622 11449 67 26996 155 20409 117
10 0.746 6105 45 12661 101 12344 99
11 0.901 6151 52 11264 109 11264 109
12 0.825 2463 25 4775 54 4775 54
13 0.567 546 6 1378 18 1378 18
14 0.291 170 2 739 12 739 12
15+ 0.291 577 8 2511 44 2511 44
Total NA 210418 (thous) 641(thou. tonnes) 1476661 (thous) 1985 (thou. tonnes) 182250 (thous) 833 (thou. tonnes)
Fbar age range: 5-10
Year: 2023
F multiplier: 1.01
Fbar: 0.4835
3 0.011 5237 3 566000 129 3019 1
4 0.068 18770 16 322026 187 215 0
5 0.190 31420 43 201831 191 2018 2
6 0.324 44095 90 174933 275 19301 30
7 0.449 38549 116 116806 297 44542 113
8 0.564 25305 108 64204 251 45072 176
9 0.625 16135 92 37899 212 32252 181
10 0.749 5742 41 11866 91 11486 88
11 0.905 2695 23 4919 49 4851 48
12 0.829 1940 19 3747 43 3747 43
13 0.570 682 8 1714 23 1714 23
14 0.292 148 2 640 10 640 10
15+ 0.292 459 7 1990 35 1990 35
Total NA

191177 (thous)

567 (thou. tonnes) 1508574 (thous) 1793 (thou. tonnes) 170846 (thous) 751 (thou. tonnes)

 

Year B(3+) SSB R(3) F(5-10)
1984 832475 257128 423540 0.794
1985 997042 201878 562013 0.640
1986 1371608 182219 1088448 0.787
1987 1217892 133125 288771 1.030
1988 989270 219074 216731 0.977
1989 919430 242343 174394 0.463
1990 988089 331327 228120 0.310
1991 1576090 725896 407282 0.226
1992 1954099 942530 706308 0.409
1993 2417354 833487 919721 0.619
1994 2202724 648104 714627 0.822
1995 1862607 561769 483248 0.763
1996 1769846 611779 389590 0.732
1997 1653878 660891 645301 1.064
1998 1310048 430437 795960 1.077
1999 1113365 290190 482785 0.922
2000 1092663 249331 566302 0.641
2001 1341324 375817 483100 0.515
2002 1477950 507382 421038 0.507
2003 1578393 545747 669974 0.506
2004 1521547 640634 273873 0.599
2005 1485862 579150 529460 0.603
2006 1510903 599171 529677 0.628
2007 1804575 636829 1260970 0.490
2008 2532511 690152 1237491 0.349
2009 3180322 983447 837192 0.334
2010 3450733 1173373 482215 0.367
2011 3636614 1657124 607215 0.321
2012 3752025 1901044 677845 0.290
2013 3879833 2114406 800478 0.299
2014 3609887 2017731 1012919 0.331
2015 3427586 1611365 497349 0.358
2016 3054495 1319476 359955 0.331
2017 3073171 1483256 732593 0.398
2018 2807889 1385292 510018 0.437
2019 2608769 1327529 530801 0.386
2020 2276282 1090178 368720 0.406
2021 2023565 971926 255602 0.530
2022 1577540 787739    
Table 3.22. Northeast Arctic COD. Assessments results by means of TISVPA
Year 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
1984 423540 135475 77073 45251 24243 12654 9060 1440 660 412 198 36 24
1985 562013 339808 97750 45065 19561 6752 3332 2368 464 352 170 113 28
1986 1088448 439315 233334 56057 20761 6829 2177 1296 1094 229 248 106 44
1987 288771 807686 293966 115554 22666 7077 2096 737 406 382 75 162 55
1988 216731 213153 524049 145983 35973 6050 2108 737 157 137 113 40 14
1989 174394 165787 150616 284854 60443 9627 1628 615 173 35 48 55 79
1990 228120 138858 117403 95106 154533 25579 3449 655 267 100 17 36 14
1991 407282 185090 106944 83202 61237 97223 14463 2034 376 165 67 10 19
1992 706308 329545 142724 74206 51266 34497 58289 8483 1277 258 121 52 6
1993 919721 558121 241106 93966 40988 25889 16301 30789 4419 755 139 91 4
1994 714627 713450 416255 143703 48128 19010 11208 6726 13079 1835 295 65 14
1995 483248 498374 495670 246587 63316 13694 5954 3276 1937 4053 576 142 3
1996 389590 280514 327233 292254 116764 23190 4683 1944 989 538 1536 288 3
1997 645301 225111 179090 187075 142900 47128 8457 1837 644 335 203 633 3
1998 795960 412991 141348 84808 74507 47580 12041 1942 411 130 68 58 141
1999 482785 495248 244147 69239 31006 25706 11901 3363 465 124 34 23 86
2000 566302 363702 323873 113974 25926 10989 6834 2385 1012 155 53 4 53
2001 483100 436767 264068 172682 49870 9675 3623 1873 651 497 63 33 102
2002 421038 376872 318886 162943 81958 21007 3469 1516 631 254 306 44 29
2003 669974 316334 277940 196002 76114 31310 7627 1320 766 317 111 220 5
2004 273873 520975 240139 173789 99040 32288 12769 3538 615 469 172 72 36
2005 529460 211153 384639 152377 85195 38108 11351 4595 1334 242 260 106 31
2006 529677 387746 153767 217638 74087 32976 13406 4013 1570 562 106 183 630
2007 1260970 424821 269442 95745 106990 32504 12800 4518 1585 555 250 63 170
2008 1237491 964878 311010 158248 54529 54430 16087 6442 2227 797 211 163 81
2009 837192 948353 732626 216807 94049 31657 26730 8427 3583 1172 446 137 131
2010 482215 631431 733100 520182 135327 56469 18030 13975 4998 2098 259 298 213
2011 607215 356825 481574 537231 345907 76533 30143 10155 7387 1817 985 79 0
2012 677845 396238 252910 359807 368609 211181 42902 14792 4356 3426 986 487 167
2013 800478 461064 283877 190409 253330 235295 125950 23966 7629 2046 1851 566 922
2014 1012919 537603 351039 209639 134605 157336 128477 63054 11807 3740 1087 1150 860
2015 497349 695648 383153 248119 138557 82752 80923 64432 31047 6155 1975 638 1208
2016 359955 344880 506831 264221 155082 82398 46705 43675 30885 12144 2828 1208 1495
2017 732593 287981 255836 341890 171641 92871 46365 25315 19253 12614 5745 1606 1147
2018 510018 488492 218871 178786 215496 96968 48310 24005 11943 6318 5023 3102 1001
2019 530801 383163 367726 152573 110772 121786 51320 23778 11112 4205 2210 2308 1318
2020 368720 387242 287531 250662 96645 65067 63376 26380 11469 5250 1778 1212 1087
2021 255602 235570 285109 197022 152009 51599 34042 30961 11737 4464 2856 960 1449
2022   168893 162960 173593 107260 70946 21980 14530 13053 5159 2083 1725 580
Table 3.23. NEA cod TISVPA estimates of abundance at age (thousands)
Year 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 F(5-10)
1984 0.022 0.134 0.317 0.546 0.982 0.988 0.980 0.950 0.301 0.917 0.456 0.456 0.456 0.794
1985 0.021 0.122 0.307 0.451 0.621 0.911 0.769 0.782 0.697 0.232 0.376 0.376 0.376 0.640
1986 0.021 0.154 0.386 0.627 0.749 0.878 1.125 0.956 0.883 0.749 0.439 0.439 0.439 0.787
1987 0.026 0.154 0.508 0.838 1.138 1.104 1.087 1.503 1.102 0.964 0.517 0.517 0.517 1.030
1988 0.025 0.162 0.411 0.903 1.197 1.297 1.020 1.032 1.244 0.902 0.489 0.489 0.489 0.977
1989 0.014 0.089 0.238 0.360 0.578 0.594 0.540 0.466 0.436 0.478 0.252 0.252 0.252 0.463
1990 0.008 0.059 0.158 0.259 0.313 0.415 0.371 0.347 0.283 0.258 0.167 0.167 0.167 0.310
1991 0.007 0.038 0.111 0.186 0.247 0.254 0.292 0.268 0.235 0.188 0.123 0.123 0.123 0.226
1992 0.010 0.068 0.166 0.314 0.445 0.516 0.460 0.550 0.461 0.386 0.211 0.211 0.211 0.409
1993 0.014 0.086 0.258 0.404 0.662 0.822 0.827 0.740 0.832 0.654 0.309 0.309 0.309 0.619
1994 0.017 0.113 0.282 0.559 0.726 1.061 1.131 1.171 0.927 1.008 0.388 0.388 0.388 0.822
1995 0.016 0.106 0.300 0.476 0.785 0.844 1.037 1.136 1.055 0.810 0.383 0.383 0.383 0.763
1996 0.021 0.103 0.290 0.526 0.678 0.954 0.858 1.088 1.070 0.950 0.390 0.390 0.390 0.732
1997 0.027 0.175 0.371 0.703 1.126 1.229 1.560 1.394 1.688 1.540 0.537 0.537 0.537 1.064
1998 0.030 0.176 0.502 0.660 1.046 1.407 1.227 1.618 1.270 1.419 0.538 0.538 0.538 1.077
1999 0.023 0.182 0.457 0.840 0.851 1.106 1.192 1.085 1.229 0.960 0.486 0.486 0.486 0.922
2000 0.018 0.112 0.370 0.563 0.798 0.658 0.699 0.759 0.647 0.683 0.342 0.342 0.342 0.641
2001 0.014 0.097 0.241 0.502 0.604 0.700 0.502 0.542 0.539 0.451 0.272 0.272 0.272 0.515
2002 0.012 0.083 0.242 0.379 0.653 0.651 0.644 0.475 0.475 0.456 0.255 0.255 0.255 0.507
2003 0.013 0.075 0.208 0.387 0.491 0.720 0.612 0.619 0.425 0.410 0.243 0.243 0.243 0.506
2004 0.014 0.097 0.228 0.407 0.637 0.684 0.882 0.757 0.702 0.459 0.284 0.284 0.284 0.599
2005 0.016 0.092 0.263 0.390 0.574 0.764 0.699 0.926 0.725 0.647 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.603
2006 0.016 0.108 0.267 0.494 0.594 0.749 0.860 0.802 0.978 0.730 0.317 0.317 0.317 0.628
2007 0.013 0.087 0.236 0.365 0.544 0.543 0.581 0.673 0.582 0.664 0.258 0.258 0.258 0.490
2008 0.009 0.065 0.173 0.293 0.363 0.450 0.391 0.425 0.450 0.382 0.194 0.194 0.194 0.349
2009 0.008 0.054 0.160 0.271 0.375 0.394 0.426 0.378 0.381 0.390 0.185 0.185 0.185 0.334
2010 0.008 0.055 0.150 0.285 0.396 0.469 0.429 0.474 0.389 0.380 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.367
2011 0.007 0.044 0.130 0.224 0.347 0.410 0.422 0.394 0.404 0.323 0.183 0.183 0.000 0.321
2012 0.007 0.040 0.107 0.198 0.280 0.371 0.383 0.402 0.349 0.346 0.173 0.173 0.173 0.290
2013 0.007 0.048 0.112 0.190 0.291 0.354 0.414 0.435 0.425 0.357 0.191 0.191 0.191 0.299
2014 0.008 0.051 0.145 0.213 0.297 0.396 0.423 0.509 0.496 0.467 0.225 0.225 0.225 0.331
2015 0.009 0.060 0.153 0.277 0.333 0.401 0.470 0.515 0.577 0.541 0.264 0.264 0.264 0.358
2016 0.009 0.056 0.151 0.245 0.363 0.371 0.390 0.466 0.473 0.509 0.258 0.258 0.258 0.331
2017 0.012 0.068 0.177 0.306 0.409 0.527 0.467 0.502 0.561 0.548 0.321 0.321 0.321 0.398
2018 0.014 0.085 0.195 0.322 0.460 0.525 0.590 0.531 0.529 0.570 0.356 0.356 0.356 0.437
2019 0.012 0.083 0.200 0.286 0.384 0.464 0.458 0.523 0.438 0.422 0.315 0.315 0.315 0.386
2020 0.015 0.082 0.228 0.350 0.407 0.465 0.490 0.494 0.523 0.423 0.332 0.332 0.332 0.406
2021 0.014 0.092 0.242 0.408 0.562 0.653 0.651 0.664 0.622 0.562 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.530
Table 3.24. NEA cod TISVPA estimates of fishing mortality coefficients

 

Standard plots for Northeast Arctic cod (ICES subareas 1 and 2)
Figure 3.1. Standard plots for Northeast Arctic cod (ICES subareas 1 and 2)

 

grafikk
Figure 3.2a. Standardized one-observation-ahead residuals for log-catches and log-indices (Thygesen et al . 2017) in the final SAM run

 

NEA cod SSB, R and Fbar model retrospective pattern for final SAM run.
Figure 3.2b. NEA cod SSB, R and Fbar model retrospective pattern for final SAM run.

 

 

 

NEA cod SSB, Fbar and R historical retrospective pattern for final SAM run
Figure 3.2c. NEA cod SSB, Fbar and R historical retrospective pattern for final SAM run.

 

 

grafikk, graf
Figure 3.2d. NEA cod final SAM run fit. Total catch in weight. Modelled catches from the final run and point wise 95% confidence intervals are shown by line and shaded area. The yearly observed total catch weight (crosses) are calculated as Catch(y)=sum(W(a,y)*C(a,y)).

 

 

grafer
Figure 3.2e. NEA cod. Catchability of different fleets used for final SAM run fit.

 

 

grafer
Figure 3.3. NEA cod cannibalism mortality vs. capelin abundance.

 

Northeast Arctic cod. Fishing mortality (F5-10) (top panel) and trawl efforts in 1985–2020 (bottom panel).
Figure 3.4. Northeast Arctic cod. Fishing mortality (F5-10) (top panel) and trawl efforts in 1985–2020 (bottom panel). 

 

 

 

diagram, grafer
Figure 3. 5. Cod CPUE in Norwegian trawl catches where cod is the main species (double and single trawl). Connected line shows mean, line inside the box shows the median, and the box shows 25 and 75 percentiles.

 

Residuals of the TISVPA data approximation (yellow circles are positive residuals, white – negative, maximum bubble size corresponds to residual = 2.4).
Figure 3.6a. Residuals of the TISVPA data approximation (yellow circles are positive residuals, white – negative, maximum bubble size corresponds to residual = 2.4). 

 

 

grafer
Figure 3.6b. Profiles of the components of the TISVPA objective function.
 

 

grafer
Figure 3.6c. TISVPA retrospective runs.

 

 

grafer
Figure 3.7. Model comparison. TSB (total stock biomass, age 3+), SSB recruitment and F in SAM and TISVPA.

 

  Sub-area |I Division IIb Division IIa Total
Year Norway 2 UK 3 Russia 4 Norway 2 UK 3 Russia 4 Norway 2 UK 3 Norway
1966 - 0.074 0.42 - 0.078 0.19 - 0.067  
1967 - 0.081 0.53 - 0.106 0.87 - 0.052  
1968 - 0.110 1.09 - 0.173 1.21 - 0.056  
1969 - 0.113 1.00 - 0.135 1.17 - 0.094  
1970 - 0.100 0.80 - 0.100 0.80 - 0.066  
1971 - 0.056 0.43 - 0.071 0.16 - 0.062  
1972 0.90 0.047 0.34 0.59 0.051 0.18 1.08 0.055  
1973 1.05 0.057 0.56 0.43 0.054 0.57 0.71 0.043  
1974 1.75 0.079 0.86 1.94 0.106 0.77 0.19 0.028  
1975 1.82 0.077 0.94 1.67 0.100 0.43 1.36 0.033  
1976 1.69 0.060 0.84 1.20 0.081 0.30 1.69 0.035  
1977 1.54 0.052 0.63 0.91 0.056 0.25 1.16 0.044 1.17
1978 1.37 0.062 0.52 0.56 0.044 0.08 1.12 0.037 0.94
1979 0.85 0.046 0.43 0.62 - 0.06 1.06 0.042 0.85
1980 1.47 - 0.49 0.41 - 0.16 1.27 - 1.23
          Spain 5     Russia 4  
1981 1.42 - 0.41 (0.96) - 0.07 1.02 0.35 1.21
1982 1.30 - 0.35 - 0.86 0.26 1.01 0.34 1.09
1983 1.58 - 0.31 (1.31) 0.92 0.36 1.05 0.38 1.11
1984 1.40 - 0.45 1.20 0.78 0.35 0.73 0.27 0.96
1985 1.86 - 1.04 1.51 1.37 0.50 0.90 0.39 1.29
1986 1.97 - 1.00 2.39 1.73 0.84 1.36 1.14 1.70
1987 1.77 - 0.97 2.00 1.82 1.05 1.73 0.67 1.77
1988 1.58 - 0.66 1.61 (1.36) 0.54 0.97 0.55 1.03
1989 1.49 - 0.71 0.41 2.70 0.45 0.78 0.43 0.76
1990 1.35 - 0.70 0.39 2.69 0.80 0.38 0.60 0.49
1991 1.38 - 0.67 0.29 4.96 0.76 0.50 0.90 0.44
1992 2.19 - 0.79 3.06 2.47 0.23 0.98 0.65 1.29
1993 2.33 - 0.85 2.98 3.38 1.00 1.74 1.03 1.87
1994 2.50 - 1.01 2.82 1.44 1.14 1.27 0.86 1.59
1995 1.57 - 0.59 2.73 1.65 1.10 1.00 1.01 1.92
1996     0.74   1.11 0.85   0.99 1.81
1997     0.61     0.57   0.74 1.36
1998     0.37     0.29   0.40 0.83
1999     0.29     0.34   0.39 0.74
2000     0.34     0.37   0.53 0.92
2001     0.46     0.46   0.69 1.21
2002     0.58     0.66   0.57 1.35
2003     0.70     1.22   0.73 1.67
2004     0.48     0.78   0.84 1.67
2005     0.45     0.62   0.81 1.23
2006     0.49     0.54   0.84 0.88
2007     0.71     0.51   0.88 1.16
200 8     0.93     0.79   1.21  
2009     1.33     1.16   0.83  
2010     1.47     1.18   1.16  
2011     1.77     1.69   2.46 4.87 6
2012     2.25     1.44   2.11 6.97 6
201 3     2.30     1.46   2.60 4.96 6
201 4     2.07     1.54   2.38 5.75 6
2015     1.06     1.38   1.93 4.54 6
2016     1.15     1.06   1.39 3.64 6
201 7     1.00     1.0 0   1.0 5 3.01 6
2018     1.0 6     1. 40   1. 31 3.20 6
2019     1 .01     0.89   1.16 3.02 6
2020     0.78     0.68   1.42 3.38 6
2021 1     0.70     0.89   0.86 2.51 6
Table A1. North-East Arctic COD. Catch per unit effort.

1 Preliminary figures.

2 Norwegian data - t per 1,000 tonnage*hrs fishing.

3 United Kingdom data - t per 100 tonnage*hrs fishing.

4 Russian data - t per hr fishing.

5 Spanish data - t per hr fishing.

6 2011-2020 Norwegian data on t per hr fishing are from single-trawl only, not comparable to data from previous years

Period Sub-area I Divisions IIa and IIb
1960–1973 RT RT
1974–1980 PST RT
1981– PST PST
Table A2. North-east Arctic COD. Abundance indices (millions) from the Norwegian acoustic survey in the Barents Sea in January-March. New TS and rock-hopper gear (1981-1988 back-calculated from bobbins gear). Corrected for length-dependent effective spread of trawl. Data from 1994 onwards corrected for three northern areas and the method of filling in gaps (WD 1, WKBarFar 2021).

Vessel type: RT = side trawlers, 800–1000 HP, PST = stern trawlers, up to 2000 HP.

tabell

Table A3. North-East Arctic COD. Abundance indices (millions) from the Norwegian bottom trawl survey in the Barents Sea in January-March. Rock-hopper gear (1981-1988 back-calculated from bobbins gear). Corrected for length-dependent effective spread of trawl. Data from 1994 and onwards corrected - WD 1, WKBarFar 2021 tabell

Table A4. North East Arctic COD. Abundance at age (millions) from the Norwegian acoustic survey on the spawning grounds off Lofoten in March-April.

tabell

Table A5. North East Arctic COD. Length (cm) at-age in the Barents Sea from the investigations winter survey in February. Data for ages 1-11 from 1994 and onwards - WD 1, WKBarFar 2021. tabell

Table A6. North East Arctic COD. Weight (g) at-age in the Barents Sea from the investigations winter survey in February. Data for ages 1-11 from 1994 and onwards - WD 1, WKBarFar 2021.

tabell

*revised

Table A7. Northeast Arctic COD. Length at age in cm in the Lofoten survey.

tabell

*revised

Table A8. Northeast Arctic COD. Mean weight-at-age (kg) in the Lofoten survey.

tabell

*revised

Table A9. Northeast Arctic COD. Results from the Russian trawl-acoustic survey in the Barents Sea and adjacent waters in the autumn. Stock number in millions.

tabell

Table A10. Northeast Arctic COD. Abundance indices (millions) from the Russian bottom trawl survey in the Barents Sea.

tabell

Table A11. Northeast Arctic COD. Length-at-age (cm) from Russian surveys in November-December.

tabell

Table A12. Northeast Arctic COD. Weight (g) at age from Russian surveys in November-December.

tabell

Table A13. Northeast Arctic COD. Sum of acoustic abundance estimates (millions) in the Joint winter Barents Sea survey (Table A2) and the Norwegian Lofoten acoustic survey (Table A4).

tabell

Table A14. Swept area estimates (millions) of Northeast Arctic Cod from the Joint Norwegian- Russian ecosystem survey in August-September (2020 data are taken from WD 01 AFWG 2021).

tabell





Table A15. Mean weight at age of cod (g), data from bottom trawls Barents Sea Ecosystem survey. StoX calculations.

tabell

*revised

4 - Haddock in subareas 1 and 2 (Northeast Arctic)

4.1 - Introductory note

On 30th March 2022 all Russian participation in ICES was suspended. The AFWG report 2022 chapter on haddock was therefore not been updated except tables of total catch (Tables 4.1-4.5.).

In the present report, we have kept the main structure of the NEA haddock chapters in AFWG reports from the last years.

4.2 - Status of the fisheries

4.2.1 - Historical development of the fisheries

Haddock is mainly fished by trawl as bycatch in the fishery for cod. Also, a directed trawl fishery for haddock is conducted. The proportion of the total catches taken by direct fishery varies between years. On average approximately 30% of the catch is with conventional gears, mostly longline, which in the past was used almost exclusively by Norway. Some of the longline catches are from a directed fishery, which is restricted by national quotas. In the Norwegian management, the quotas are set separately for trawl and other gears. The fishery is also regulated by a minimum landing size (40 cm), a minimum mesh size in trawls and Danish seine, a maximum bycatch of undersized fish, closure of areas with high density/catches of juveniles and other seasonal and area restrictions.

The exploitation rate of haddock has been variable. The highest fishing mortalities for haddock have occurred at low to intermediate stock levels and historically show little relationship with the exploitation rate of cod, despite haddock being primarily caught as bycatch in the cod fishery. However, the more restrictive quota regulations introduced around 1990 have resulted in a more stable pattern in the exploitation rate.

The exceptionally strong year classes 2005–2006 contributed to the strong increase to all-time high stock levels and high catch levels in the last decade. Their importance in the catches is currently minimal. Currently, the 2016 year-class is dominating the catches.

4.2.2 - Catches prior to 2022 (Table 4.1–Table 4.3, Figure 4.1)

The highest landings of haddock historically were 322 kt in 1973. Since 1973 the highest catches observed was 316 kt in 2012. The landings in 2018, 2019 and 2020 were below 200 kt (Figure 4.1).

Provisional official landings for 2021 are about 205 kt, which is 12% below agreed TAC (233 kt).

In 2006 it was decided to include reported Norwegian landings of haddock from the Norwegian statistical areas 06 and 07 (i.e. between 62°N and Lofoten Islands). These areas were not previously included in the total landings of NEA haddock as input for this stock assessment (ICES CM 2006/ACFM:19; ICES CM 2006/ACFM:25).

Estimates of unreported catches (IUU catches) of haddock have been added to reported landings for the years from 2002 to 2008. Two estimates of IUU catches were available, one Norwegian and one Russian. At the benchmark in 2011 it was decided to base the final assessment on the Norwegian IUU estimates (ICES CM 2011/ACOM:38; Table 4.1).

We continue to include the estimates of IUU catches 2002–2008. The IUU catches are assumed to be negligible for the period 2009–2021 and therefore set to zero.

4.2.3 - Catch advice and TAC for 2022

The catch advice for 2022 was 179 kt and the Joint Norwegian-Russian Fisheries Commission set the TAC in accordance with the HCR. Furthermore, Russia and Norway can transfer the unused part of their own quota, restricted to a maximum of 10% of own quotas from 2021 to 2022.

4.3 - Status of research

4.3.1 - Survey results

Russia provided indices for 1982–2015 and 2017 for the Barents Sea trawl and acoustic survey (TAS) which was carried out in October–December (FLT01, RU-BTr-Q4). The survey was discontinued in 2018.

The Joint Barents Sea winter survey provides two index series used for tuning and recruitment forecast (bottom trawl: FLT02, NoRu-BTr-Q1 and acoustics: FLT04, NoRu-Aco-Q1). The survey area has been extended from 2014 with additional northern areas (N) covered. The extended area is now included in total and standard survey index calculations for haddock (WKDEM 2020). Overall, this survey tracks both strong and poor year classes well. The indices from the Joint winter survey of cod and haddock in the Barents Sea are provided in the annual survey reports from this survey (e.g., Fall et al 2022). The spatial survey coverage in 2022 was good. Note that since the AFWG 2021 was conducted, minor errors were discovered in the winter survey indices for 2021 (both acoustic and bottom trawl). The current assessment uses the corrected indices. The report from the 2022 survey (Fall et al in prep) will provide the correct indices back in time.

The Joint Barents Sea ecosystem survey provides indices by age from bottom trawl data (FLT007, Eco-NoRu-Q3 Btr) used for tuning and recruitment forecast. At the benchmark in 2011 it was decided to include this survey as tuning series. Tuning indices by age from the Joint ecosystem survey is calculated using the BIOFOX programme (Prozorkevich and Gjøsæter 2014). The survey coverage of the haddock distribution in 2022 was relatively good.

The survey indices for ages used in tuning can be found in Table 4.9, and the survey indices used in recruitment forecast can be found in Table 4.16.

4.4 - Data used in the assessment

4.4.1 - Catch-at-age (Table 4.4)

Age and length composition of the landings in 2021 were available from Norway and Russia in Subarea 1 and Division 2.b, and from Norway, Russia, and Germany in Division 2.a. The biological sampling of NEA haddock catches is considered good for the most important ages in the fisheries.

Relevant data of estimated catch-at-age was obtained from InterCatch for the period 2008–2020 and is presented together with historical values from 1950–2007 in Table 4.4. For the 2021 catch data allocation, instead of InterCatch, the same algoritm was realized in Excel. Excel was used for comparison with InterCatch in 2008-2002, and no differences between InterCatch and Excel allocations were detected.

4.4.2 - Catch-weight-at-age (Table 4.5)

The mean weight-at-age in the catch was obtained as a weighted average of the weight-at-age in the catch from Norway, Russia and Germany.

4.4.3 - Stock-weight-at-age (Table 4.6)

Since 1983 the stock weights-at-age (Table 4.6) are calculated using the average of the weight-at-age estimate from the Joint Barents Sea winter survey and the Russian bottom trawl survey. These averages are assumed to give representative values for the beginning of the year (see stock annex for details). However, the Russian bottom trawl survey has been discontinued and therefor stock weights-at-age were calculated using a correction factor (WKDEM 2020). Since the benchmark in 2006 stock weight at age has been smoothed (ICES 2006, see stock annex for details).

4.4.4 - Maturity-at-age (Table 4.7)

Since the benchmark 2006, smoothed estimates were produced separately for the Russian autumn survey and the Joint winter survey and then combined using arithmetic average. These averages are assumed to give representative values for the beginning of the year. However, the Russian bottom trawl survey has been discontinued and therefore stock weights-at-age were calculated using a correction factor (see WKDEM 2020 and stock annex).

4.4.5 - Natural mortality (Table 4.8)

Natural mortality used in the assessment was 0.2. For ages 3–6 mortality predation by cod is added (see stock annex). For the period from 1984 and onwards actual estimates of predation by cod was used. For the years 1950–1983 the average natural mortality for 1984–2020 was used (age groups 3–6). Estimated mortality from predation by cod in this year’s assessment is based on the ‘final run’ cod assessment. The proportion of F and M before spawning was set to zero.

4.4.6 - Data for tuning (Table 4.9)

The following survey series are included in the data for tuning, the last age for all surveys is the plus group. Data are lacking (no survey) for FLT01 in 2016, and for FLT007 in 2018 (not included due to poor coverage).

Name Acronym Place Season Age Year prior weight
FLT01: Russian bottom trawl RU-BTr-Q4 Barents Sea October–December 3–8+ 1991–2017 1
FLT02: Joint Barents Sea survey–acoustic BS-NoRU-Q1(Aco) Barents Sea February– March 3–9+ 1993–2022 1
FLT04: Joint Barents Sea survey–bottom trawl BS-NoRu-Q1 (BTr) Barents Sea February– March 3–10+ 1994–2022 1
FLT007: Joint Russian-Norwegian ecosystem autumn survey in the Barents Sea–bottom trawl Eco-NoRu-Q3 (Btr) Barents Sea August–September 3–9+ 2004–2021 1

4.4.7 - Changes in data from last year (Table 4.6–Table 4.7, Table 4.9)

At the benchmark (WKDEM 2020) it was decided that historic values (1950–1993) of stock weight and maturity should not be updated in the following years. Due to the smoothing procedure (see stock annex) the stock weight and maturity at age back to 1994 are updated every year.

Natural mortality includes cod predation for the ages 3–6. The data from 1984 and onwards are updated every year after the update of the cod assessment. The averages used for the historic period (1950–1983) were updated and used in the assessment.

4.5 - Assessment models and settings (Table 4.10)

At the benchmark in 2020 it was decided to continue using the SAM model as the main model.

The SAM configuration was revised during the benchmark in 2020. The main changes to the configuration were to include:

1) age group 3 in the winter survey indices (Fleet 02 and 04),

2) plus group in all survey series (new option in SAM),

3) prediction variance link for the observation variances (new option in SAM, Breivik et al., 2021) 4) correlation structure in observation variance for the surveys (Berg and Nielsen, 2016).

The configuration, settings and tuning of SAM that were decided on during the benchmark (WKDEM 2020) were used in the current assessment. The configuration file is given in Table 4.10 and in the stock annex.

XSA, with revised settings, will be used as additional model for comparison. This year the TISVPA model is also used as an additional model for comparison.

4.6 - Results of the assessment (Table 4.11–Table 4.14 and Figure 4.1–Figure 4.3)

The dominating feature of the assessment is that the stock reached an all-time high level around 2011 due to the strong 2004–2006 year-classes, and since declined (Table 4.11; Figure 4.1)

Fishing mortality has increased since 2013 (Table 4.12), and the estimate of fishing mortality of main ages (4–7) has been above FMSY = 0.35 since 2018.

The SSB has decreased since the peak in 2013. The estimate for 2022 is 217kt and well above MSY Btrigger = 80 kt (Figure 4.1).

The residuals and retrospective patterns are shown in Figure 4.2 and 4.3.

4.7 - Comparison with last year’s assessment (Figure 4.4)

The text table below compares this year’s estimates with last year’s estimates. Compared to last year the current estimates of the total stock (TSB) in 2021 is 3% higher , whereas the spawning stock (SSB) estimate is almost the same. The Fbar in 2020 is estimated as the same as the Fbar for 2020 estimated last year. Estimates for all ages except ages 7, 8 and 10 were higher or identical to last year’s assessment. Ratios are calculated on original numbers (not rounded as shown in table)

Assessment year, model F (2020) Numbers 2021 (ages) SSB (2021) TSB (2021)
    3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13+    
2021 SAM 0.44 158 265 350 67 22 10 4 4 1 1 2 199 644
2022 SAM 0.44 164 280 364 73 21 9 4 3 2 2 2 199 661
Ratio 2022/2021 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.8 1.7 1.6 1.2 1.0 1.0

4.8 - Additional assessment methods (Table 4.15, Figure 4.5–Figure 4.6)

4.8.1 - XSA (Figure 4.5)

The Extended Survivors Analysis (XSA) was used to tune the VPA by available index series. As last years, FLR was used for the assessment of haddock (see stock annex), and thus all results concerning XSA are obtained using FLR. The settings used were the same as set in the benchmark in 2015 (WKARCT 2015). At this meeting the comparison confirmed that usage XSA with survivor estimate shrinkage 0.5 gave similar result to the estimates from SAM.

The estimated consumption of NEA haddock by NEA cod is incorporated into the XSA analysis by first constructing a catch number-at-age matrix, adding the numbers of haddock eaten by cod to the catches for the years where such data are available (1984–2021). The summary of XSA stock estimates with shrinkage value 0.5 are presented in Table 4.15. A retrospective estimate for XSA gave same signals as for main model SAM (Figure 4.5).

4.8.2 - TISVPA (Figure 4.5)

The TISVPA (Triple Instantaneous Separable VPA) model (Vasilyev, 2005; 2006) represents fishing mortality coefficients (more precisely – exploitation rates) as a product of three parameters: f(year)*s(age)*g(cohort). The generation‐dependent parameters, which are estimated within the model, are intended to adapt traditional separable representation of fishing mortality to situations when several year classes may have peculiarities in their interaction with fishing fleets caused by different spatial distribution, higher attractiveness of more abundant schools to fishers, or by some other reasons. The TISVPA model was presented at benchmark group for arctic stocks (WKARCT) in 2015 and it was decided to apply to NEA haddock using the same data as SAM except that natural mortality values from cannibalism were taken from the SAM runs. All the input data, including catch-at-age, weight-at-age in stock and in catches, maturity-at-age were the same as used in SAM. Generally, the biomass estimates of this model were higher than SAM estimates, which can be explained by different assumptions about catchability of indices. The retrospective pattern for TISVPA shows the same trends as both the SAM and XSA models (Figure 4.5).

4.8.3 - Model comparisons (Figure 4.6)

Results from SAM, XSA and TISVPA are compared in Figure 4.6. Comparison of results of SAM, TISVPA and XSA with previous year settings shows that the models estimate similar trends. The TSVPA model is more flexible for settings than the others and taking into account a possible decrease in survey data consistency, it was attempted to do tuning of surveys not at abundance but to age proportions because the probable change in effective survey catchability.

4.9 - Predictions, reference points and harvest control rules (Table 4.16–Table 4.21)

4.9.1 - Recruitment (Table 4.16–Table 4.17)

SAM was used to estimate the recruitment at age 3 of the 2019 year-class in 2022. The RCT3 program translation in R was used to estimate the recruiting year classes 2020–2021 in 2023 and 2024 with survey data from the ecosystem survey and winter survey (acoustics and bottom trawl). Input data and results are shown in Tables 4.16 and 4.17, respectively.

The text table below shows the recruitment estimates for the year classes 2004–2021 from assessments and RCT3 forecasts (shaded cells). Overall, there is good agreement with the year-class strength estimates from RCT3 and the assessments (r=0.96), and the estimate the first year the year-class was assessed was on average 84% of the initial RCT3 estimate (year-classes 2005-2019. In the most recent years, it is noticeable that the 2018 year-class was less than 50% of the initial RCT3 estimate.

Year Class Year of assessment, base model
2008 XSA 2009 XSA 2010 XSA 2011 XSA 2012 XSA 2013 XSA 2014 XSA 2015 XSA 2015 SAM 2016 SAM 2017 SAM 2018 SAM 2019 SAM 2020 SAM 2021 SAM 2022 SAM
2004 665 668 610 765 743 725 698 768 687 930 898 869 879 557 543 546
2005 943 975 1029 1193 1301 1317 1303 1415 996 1456 1330 1241 1251 1149 1113 1118
2006 832 1036 811 1057 1187 1264 1267 1366 827 1254 1083 1027 1030 1063 1025 1032
2007 202 208 212 284 330 370 384 411 211 355 307 305 308 249 241 242
2008   149 101 120 151 155 169 178 89 157 107 109 110 122 117 119
2009     303 315 320 345 357 363 230 351 294 291 293 356 340 344
2010       188 146 137 146 150 100 133 105 105 106 124 119 120
2011         483 513 482 398 298 397 340 329 332 425 411 415
2012           124 145 104 78 73 79 70 68 75 72 73
2013             394 290 197 235 184 174 177 219 213 215
2014               279 198 247 189 146 148 202 194 198
2015                   422 398 333 336 384 368 370
2016                     1067 933 930 875 822 831
2017                       577 629 497 442 449
2018                         344 294 154 164
2019                           39 31 38
2020                             95 89
2021                               303

4.9.2 - Prediction data (Table 4.18, Figure 4.7)

The input data for the prediction are presented in Table 4.18.

Stock numbers for 2022–2023 at age 3 are taken from RCT3, and abundance-at-ages 3–13+ in 2021 from the SAM assessment. The average fishing pattern observed in 2019–2021 scaled to F in 2021 was used for distribution of fishing mortality-at-age for 2022–2024 (Figure 4.7). The proportion of M and F before spawning was set to 0.

Input data to projection of weight at age in the stock, weight at age in the catch, maturity and mortality followed the stock annex.

4.9.3 - Biomass reference points (Figure 4.1)

Biological and fisheries reference points for NEA haddock were last set following a thorough analysis as part of the WKNEAMP-2 (ICES, 2016) Harvest Control Rule evaluation in 2016. The revised model developed during the 2020 benchmark produced better fits to the data but only a small change in the reconstructed stock (WKDEM 2020). A brief analysis at WKDEM 2020 indicated that the reference points from the current model are very similar to the previously estimated values. Given the more thorough analysis at WKNEAMP-2 (ICES, 2016), this is taken as indicating that there was no evidence to deviate from the reference points set in 2016.

At the last benchmark (WKDEM 2020) it was proposed to keep Blim = 50 000 t and Bpa = 80 000 t with the rationale that Blim is equal to Bloss, and Bpa = Blim*exp (1.645*σ), where σ = 0.3. This gives a 95% probability of maintaining SSB above Blim taking into account the uncertainty in the assessments and stock dynamics. BMSY trigger was proposed equal Bpa, Btrigger was then selected as a biomass that is encountered with low probability if FMSY is implemented, as recommended by WKFRAME2 (ICES CM 2011/ACOM:33). Values of reference points compared with current stock values are reflected in Figure 4.1.

4.9.4 - Fishing mortality reference points (Figure 4.1)

Biological and fisheries reference points for NEA haddock were last set following a thorough analysis as part of the WKNEAMP-2 (ICES, 2016) Harvest Control Rule evaluation in 2016. The revised model developed during the 2020 benchmark produced better fits to the data but only a small change in the reconstructed stock (WKDEM 2020). A brief analysis at WKDEM 2020 indicated that the reference points from the current model are very similar to the previously estimated values. Given the more thorough analysis at WKNEAMP-2 (ICES, 2016), this is taken as indicating that there was no evidence to deviate from the reference points set in 2016.

There is no standard method of estimating Flim nor Fpa, and ACOM accepted to use geometric mean recruitment (146 million) and Blim as basis for the Flim estimate. Flim is then based on the slope of line from origin at SSB = 0 to the geometric mean recruitment (146 million) and SSB = Blim. The SPR value of this slope give Flim value on SPR curve; Flim = 0.77 (found using Pasoft). Using the same approach as for Bpa; Fpa = Flim*exp(-1.645*σ) = 0.47.

FMSY = 0.35 has been estimated by long-term stochastic simulations. Values of reference points compared with current stock values are reflected in Figure 4.1.

The estimates of cod’s consumption of haddock were revised following the cod benchmark in early 2021. At the AFWG 2021 meeting, the haddock FMSY was checked with the new updated mortality estimates and found to still be valid and precautionary.

4.9.5 - Harvest control rule

The harvest control rule (HCR) was evaluated by ICES in 2007 (ICES CM 2007/ACFM:16) and found to be in agreement with the precautionary approach. The agreed HCR for haddock with last modifications is as follows (Protocol of the 40th Session of The Joint Norwegian Russian Fisheries Commission (JNRFC), 14 October 2011):

  • TAC for the next year will be set at level corresponding to FMSY.

  • The TAC should not be changed by more than +/- 25% compared with the previous year TAC.

  • If the spawning stock falls below Bpa, the procedure for establishing TAC should be based on a fishing mortality that is linearly reduced from FMSY at Bpa to F = 0 at SSB equal to zero. At SSB-levels below Bpa in any of the operational years (current year and a year ahead) there should be no limitations on the year-to-year variations in TAC.

As mentioned above Flim and Fpa were revised in 2011. The new values of Flim = 0.77 and Fpa = 0.47 are higher than the previous values (0.49 and 0.35, respectively). In the 2012 meeting of the JNRFC the proposals of ICES were accepted, and the current HCR management is based on FMSY instead of Fpa. This corresponds to the goal of the management strategy for this stock and should provide maximum sustainable yield.

In 2014, JNRFC decided that from 2015 onwards, Norway and Russia can transfer to next year or borrow from last year maximum 10% of the country’s quota. At its 45th session in October 2015, the Joint Norwegian-Russian Fisheries Commission (JNRFC) decided that a number of alternative harvest control rules (HCRs) for Northeast Arctic haddock should be evaluated by ICES. This was done by WKNEAMP (ICES 2015b/ACOM:60, ICES C. M. 2016/ACOM:47). Six HCRs for NEA haddock including the existing one were tested. At its 46th session in October 2016, the JNRFC decided not to change the HCR.

4.9.6 - Prediction results and catch options for 2021 (Table 4.19–Table 4.21)

The projection shows a slight increase in SSB from 216 kt in 2022 to 232 kt in 2023 (Table 4.19). TAC constraint F is used for 2022. The TAC for 2023 is established using the current one-year HCR, in accordance to the management plan. FMSY = 0.35 would give a quota for 2023 of 170 kt, this is a 5% decrease from the TAC and advice for 2022.

Catch options for 2023 are shown in the text table below (weights in tonnes).

Basis Total catch (2023) F ages 4−7 (2023) SSB (2024) % SSB change * % TAC change ** % Advice change ***
Advice basis
Management plan 170 067 0 205 549 -11 -5 -5
Other scenarios            
MSY approach: FMSY 170 067 0.35 205 549 -11 -5 -5
F = 0 0 0.00 321 974 39 -100 -100
F = F2022 151 269 0.30 218 188 -6 -15 -15
Fpa 213 495 0.47 176 638 -24 20 20
Flim 298 284 0.77 121 687 -48 67 67

* SSB 2024 relative to SSB 2023.

** Catch in 2023 relative to TAC in 2022 (178532 t)

*** Catch value for 2023 relative to advice value for 2022 (178532 t)

Detailed information about expected catches by following HCR in 2023 and 2024 is given in Table 4.20. The forecast covers all catches. It is then implied that all types of catches are to be counted against this TAC.

4.9.7 - Comments to the assessment and predictions (Figure 4.2–Figure 4.4)

Haddock was benchmarked in 2020 (WKDEM 2020). The motivation for the benchmark was the poor retrospective (text table below). The retrospective biases were greatly improved after the benchmark. The retrospective biases from this year’s assessment for SSB, TSB and F were reduced compared to AFWG 2021.

Retrospective bias (Mohn’s Rho), 5-year peel R SSB F TSB
AFWG 2018 3% 24% 7% 14%
AFWG 2019 5% 18% 7% 7%
WKDEM 2020 2% 3% 3% 1%
AFWG 2020 4% 3% 0% 5%
AFWG 2021 1% 6% 7% 3%
AFWG 2022 -2% 5% -6% 1%

A jitter analysis performed to verify that the SAM model is not sensitive to starting values ,, revealed no problems (see Breivik et al 2021 for details on jitter analysis). The one step ahead residuals showed no clear pattern (Figure 4.2). The retrospective The retrospective biases for F, SSB, RSB and R (absolute values) are <7% (Figure 4.3). Overall, adding a year of data confirmed the trend from last year’s assessment. To conclude, no obvious problems with the 2022 assessment were detected.

According to this year’s assessment, the 2016 year-class is the sixth strongest year class in the time-series back to 1950. The 2017 year-class is close to average, whereas the 2018 year-class is weak, and the 2019 year-class is the weakest since the 1987 year-class. The 2020 year-class is predicted to be well below average, whereas the 2021 year-class is predicted to be above average.

The strong 2016 year-class is now dominating the spawning stock and catches (48% of the catches in biomass in 2021) and will continue to do so for the coming years. The stock is declining and expected to continue to decline in the next years, since the incoming year-classes are weak.

Fbar(4-7) has been above Fmsy from 2018 and onwards, meaning that the quotas for 2018-2021 have been set too high. The assessments from 2017 to 2019 on which the TAC advice for 2018-2020 were based, had large positive retrospective biases for TSB and SSB (see text table above), implying that the stock sizes were overestimated. The retrospective bias was reduced after the revision at the 2020 benchmark (WKDEM 2020).

Only 88% of 2021 TAC was taken. One possible reason is that the advice and quota was set too high, due to lower catch weights of ages 3-7 compared to the forecast, e.g. the catch weight at age 5 (2016 year-class) was 16% lower than predicted by AFWG in 2020. The 2016 year-class accounted for more than half of the individuals caught in 2021 ( 54%) and thus the weight of this year-class in the catches had the greatest impact on the yield. As a result, a given catch in tons required more individuals had to be caught, and hence a higher effort from the fishing fleet. The discrepancy between forecast and catch statistics can be explained by a larger proportion of the catches being taken in ICES Area I in 2021 compared to earlier years (Table 4.2). This eastern area is colder compared to the western Barents Sea and here size at age tends to be smaller.

As most of the 2016 year-class will be spawning in 2022 and 2023, moving into warmer waters in western Barents Sea, we expect the fishing fleet to follow, and that the catch weight at age in the forecast and in the catch statistics will be more similar in the coming years.

4.10 - References

ICES 2020. Report of the Arctic Fisheries Working Group (AFWG). ICES Scientific Reports. 2:52. 577 pp.

Berg CW and NielsenA. 2016. Accounting for correlated observations in an age-based state-space stock assessment model. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 73: 1788–1797.

Breivik ON, Nielsen A and CW Berg (2021). Prediction–variance relation in a state-space fish stock assessment model. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 78, 3650–3657

Fall et al 2022. Fish investigations in the Barents Sea winter 2021. IMR-PINRO Joint Report Series 1 2022, 100 pp.

ICES 2006a. ICES Workshop on Biological Reference Points for North East Arctic Haddock (WKHAD). Svanhovd, Norway, 6-10 March 2006. ICES C.M. 2006/ACFM:19, 102 pp.

ICES 2006b. Report of the Arctic Fisheries Working Group, 19-28 April. 2006. ICES C.M. 2006/ACFM:25, 594 pp.

ICES 2011. Report of the Benchmark Workshop on Roundfish and Pelagic Stocks, Lisbon 24-31 January 2011. ICES C.M. 2011/ACOM:38, 418 pp.

ICES 2015a. Report of the first Workshop on Management Plan Evaluation on Northeast Arctic cod and haddock and Barents Sea capelin ( WKNEAMP-1) , , . ICES CM 2015/ACOM:60, 27 pp.

ICES. 2015b. Report of the Benchmark Workshop on Arctic Stocks (WKARCT), 26-30 January 2015, ICES Headquarters, Denmark. ICES CM 2015\ACOM:31. 126 pp.

ICES 2016. Report of the second Workshop on Management Plan Evaluation on Northeast Arctic cod and haddock and Barents Sea capelin (WKNEAMP-2) , 25-28 January 2016, Kirkenes, Norway. ICES CM 2016/ACOM:47, 76 pp.

Prozorkevich D and Gjøsæter H 2014. WD_02 cod BESS_assessment. AFWG 2014.

Vasilyev D. 2005 Key aspects of robust fish stock assessment. M: VNIRO Publishing, 2005. 105 p.

Vasilyev D. 2006. Change in catchability caused by year class peculiarities: how stockassessment based on separable cohort models is able to take it into account? (Some illustrations for triple‐separable case of the ISVPA model ‐ TISVPA). ICES CM 2006/O:18. 35 pp

WKDEM 2020. Benchmark Workshop for Demersal Species (WKDEM). ICES Scientific Reports. 2:31. 136 pp. http://doi.org/10.17895/ices.pub.5548

Year Subarea 1 Division 2.a Division 2.b un-reported2) Total3) Norw. stat.areas 06 and 074)
1960 125026 27781 1844 - 154651 6000
1961 165156 25641 2427 - 193224 4000
1962 160561 25125 1723 - 187409 3000
1963 124332 20956 936 - 146224 4000
1964 79262 18784 1112 - 99158 6000
1965 98921 18719 943 - 118583 6000
1966 125009 35143 1626 - 161778 5000
1967 107996 27962 440 - 136398 3000
1968 140970 40031 725 - 181726 3000
1969 89948 40306 566 - 130820 2000
1970 60631 27120 507 - 88258 -
1971 56989 21453 463 - 78905 -
1972 221880 42111 2162 - 266153 -
1973 285644 23506 13077 - 322227 -
1974 159051 47037 15069 - 221157 10000
1975 121692 44337 9729 - 175758 6000
1976 94054 37562 5648 - 137264 2000
1977 72159 28452 9547 - 110158 2000
1978 63965 30478 979 - 95422 2000
1979 63841 39167 615 - 103623 6000
1980 54205 33616 68 - 87889 5098
1981 36834 39864 455 - 77153 4767
1982 17948 29005 2 - 46955 3335
1983 5837 16859 1904 - 24600 3112
1984 2934 16683 1328 - 20945 3803
1985 27982 14340 2730 - 45052 3583
1986 61729 29771 9063 - 100563 4021
1987 97091 41084 16741 - 154916 3194
1988 45060 49564 631 - 95255 3756
1989 29723 28478 317 - 58518 4701
1990 13306 13275 601 - 27182 2912
1991 17985 17801 430 - 36216 3045
1992 30884 28064 974 - 59922 5634
1993 46918 32433 3028 - 82379 5559
1994 76748 50388 8050 - 135186 6311
1995 75860 53460 13128 - 142448 5444
1996 112749 61722 3657 - 178128 5126
1997 78128 73475 2756 - 154359 5987
1998 45640 53936 1054 - 100630 6338
1999 38291 40819 4085 - 83195 5743
2000 25931 39169 3844 - 68944 4536
2001 35072 47245 7323 - 89640 4542
2002 40721 42774 12567 18736/5310 114798/101372 6898
2003 53653 43564 8483 33226/9417 138926/115117 4279
2004 64873 47483 12146 33777/8661 158279/133163 3743
2005 53518 48081 16416 40283/9949 158298/127964 5538
2006 51124 47291 33291 21451/8949 153157/140655 5410
2007 62904 58141 25927 14553/3102 161525/150074 7110
2008 58379 60178 31219 5828/- 155604/149776 6629
2009 57723 66045 76293 0 200061 4498
2010 62604 86279 100318 0 249200 3661
2011 86931 99307 123546 0 309785 4169
2012 90141 96807 128679 0 315627 3869
2013 68416 64810 60520 0 193744 4000
2014 61537 58320 57665 0 177522 3433
2015 75195 61567 57993 0 194756 3902
2016 78714 95140 59561 0 233416 3233
2017 94772 75455 57362 0 227589 2987
2018 80902 58522 51853 0 191276 4437
2019 87446 50967 36989 0 175402 2812
20201) 98341 57397 26730 0 182468 3196
20211) 109914 5800 6 36823 0 204743 2363
Table 4.1. Northeast Arctic haddock. Total nominal catch (t) by fishing areas.

1) Provisional figures

2) Figures based on Norwegian/Russian IUU estimates. From 2009, IUU estimates are made by a Joint Russian-Norwegian analysis group under the Russian-Norwegian Fisheries Commission.

3) In 2002–2008, the Norwegian IUU estimates were used in final assessment.

4) Included in total landings and in landings in region 2.a.

  Subarea 1 Division 2.a Division 2.b Unreported2
Year Trawl Others Trawl Others Trawl Others  
1967 73.7 34.3 20.5 7.5 0.4 - -
1968 98.1 42.9 31.4 8.6 0.7 - -
1969 41.4 47.8 33.2 7.1 1.3 - -
1970 37.4 23.2 20.6 6.5 0.5 - -
1971 27.5 29.2 15.1 6.7 0.4 - -
1972 193.9 27.9 34.5 7.6 2.2 - -
1973 242.9 42.8 14 9.5 13.1 - -
1974 133.1 25.9 39.9 7.1 15.1 - -
1975 103.5 18.2 34.6 9.7 9.7 - -
1976 77.7 16.4 28.1 9.5 5.6 - -
1977 57.6 14.6 19.9 8.6 9.5 - -
1978 53.9 10.1 15.7 14.8 1 - -
1979 47.8 16 20.3 18.9 0.6 - -
1980 30.5 23.7 14.8 18.9 0.1 - -
1981 18.8 17.7 21.6 18.5 0.5 - -
1982 11.6 11.5 23.9 13.5 - - -
1983 3.6 2.2 8.7 8.2 0.2 1.7 -
1984 1.6 1.3 7.6 9.1 0.1 1.2 -
1985 24.4 3.5 6.2 8.1 0.1 2.6 -
1986 51.7 10.1 14 15.8 0.8 8.3 -
1987 79 18.1 23 18.1 3 13.8 -
1988 28.7 16.4 34.3 15.3 0.6 0 -
1989 20 9.7 13.5 15 0.3 0 -
1990 4.4 8.9 5.1 8.2 0.6 0 -
1991 9 8.9 8.9 8.9 0.2 0.2 -
1992 21.3 9.6 11.9 16.1 1 0 -
1993 35.3 11.6 14.5 17.9 3 0 -
1994 58.6 18.2 26.1 24.3 7.9 0.2 -
1995 63.9 12 29.6 23.8 12.1 1 -
1996 98.3 14.4 36.5 25.2 3.4 0.3 -
1997 57.4 20.7 44.9 28.6 2.5 0.3 -
1998 26 19.6 27.1 26.9 0.7 0.3 -
1999 29.4 8.9 19.1 21.8 4 0.1 -
2000 20.1 5.9 18.8 20.4 3.7 0.1 -
2001 28.4 6.7 23.4 23.8 7 0.3 -
2002 30.5 10.2 19.5 23.3 12.5 0.1 18.7/5.3
2003 42.7 10.9 21.9 21.7 8.1 0.4 33.2/9.4
2004 52.4 12.5 27 20.5 11.5 0.6 33.8/8.7
2005 38.5 15 24.9 20.9 13 1.6 40.3/9.9
2006 40.1 11 22 25.3 30.1 3.2 21.5/8.9
2007 51.8 11.1 30.5 27.7 20.4 5.5 14.6/3.1
2008 46.8 11.6 30.9 29.3 24.9 6.3 5.8/-
2009 49 8.8 40.1 25.3 67.1 7.8 0
2010 43.6 19 50 35.7 87 10.4 0
2011 55.8 31.1 61.1 38.9 107.7 14.3 0
2012 58.8 31.3 57.5 39.2 103.2 24.8 0
2013 40.1 28.3 37.7 26.9 52.1 8.1 0
2014 35.2 26.3 32.5 25.8 49 8.6 0
2015 49.1 26.1 34.6 27 48.5 9.4 0
2016 56.4 22.3 62.5 32.5 45.4 14.1 0
2017 65 29.8 50.7 24.7 47.1 10.3 0
2018 51.7 29.2 36.9 21.6 43.2 8.6 0
2019 53.9 33.5 30.4 20.4 31.0 5.9 0
2020 66.7 31.6 35.1 22.3 23.2 3.5 0
20211) 81.4 28.5 41.0 17.0 31.0 5.8 0
Table 4.2. Northeast Arctic haddock. Total nominal catch (‘000 t) by trawl and other gear for each area.

1) Provisional

2) Figures based on Norwegian/Russian IUU estimates.

Year Faroe Islands France GDR (–1990) & Greenland (1992–) Germany Norway4 Poland UK Russia2 Others Total3
1960 172 - - 5597 46263 - 45469 57025 125 154651
1961 285 220 - 6304 60862 - 39650 85345 558 193224
1962 83 409 - 2895 54567 - 37486 91910 58 187408
1963 17 363 - 2554 59955 - 19809 63526 - 146224
1964 - 208 - 1482 38695 - 14653 43870 250 99158
1965 - 226 - 1568 60447 - 14345 41750 242 118578
1966 - 1072 11 2098 82090 - 27723 48710 74 161778
1967 - 1208 3 1705 51954 - 24158 57346 23 136397
1968 - - - 1867 64076 - 40129 75654 - 181726
1969 2 - 309 1490 67549 - 37234 24211 25 130820
1970 541 - 656 2119 37716 - 20423 26802 - 88257
1971 81 - 16 896 45715 43 16373 15778 3 78905
1972 137 - 829 1433 46700 1433 17166 196224 2231 266153
1973 1212 3214 22 9534 86767 34 32408 186534 2501 322226
1974 925 3601 454 23409 66164 3045 37663 78548 7348 221157
1975 299 5191 437 15930 55966 1080 28677 65015 3163 175758
1976 536 4459 348 16660 49492 986 16940 42485 5358 137264
1977 213 1510 144 4798 40118 - 10878 52210 287 110158
1978 466 1411 369 1521 39955 1 5766 45895 38 95422
1979 343 1198 10 1948 66849 2 6454 26365 454 103623
1980 497 226 15 1365 66501 - 2948 20706 246 92504
1981 381 414 22 2402 63435 Spain 1682 13400 - 81736
1982 496 53 - 1258 43702 - 827 2900 - 49236
1983 428 - 1 729 22364 139 259 680 - 24600
1984 297 15 4 400 18813 37 276 1103 - 20945
1985 424 21 20 395 21272 77 153 22690 - 45052
1986 893 12 75 1079 52313 22 431 45738 - 100563
1987 464 7 83 3105 72419 59 563 78211 5 154916
1988 1113 116 78 1323 60823 72 435 31293 2 95255
1989 1217 - 26 171 36451 1 590 20062 - 58518
1990 705 - 5 167 20621 - 494 5190 - 27182
1991 1117 - Greenland 213 22178 - 514 12177 17 36216
1992 1093 151 1719 387 36238 38 596 19699 1 59922
1993 546 1215 880 1165 40978 76 1802 35071 646 82379
1994 2761 678 770 2412 71171 22 4673 51822 877 135186
1995 2833 598 1097 2675 76886 14 3111 54516 718 142448
1996 3743 6 1510 942 94527 669 2275 74239 217 178128
1997 3327 540 1877 972 103407 364 2340 41228 304 154359
1998 1903 241 854 385 75108 257 1229 20559 94 100630
1999 1913 64 437 641 48182 652 694 30520 92 83195
2000 631 178 432 880 42009 502 747 22738 827 68944
2001 1210 324 553 554 49067 1497 1068 34307 1060 89640
2002 1564 297 858 627 52247 1505 1125 37157 682 114798
2003 1959 382 1363 918 56485 1330 1018 41142 1103 138926
2004 2484 103 1680 823 62192 54 1250 54347 1569 158279
2005 2138 333 15 996 60850 963 1899 50012 1262 158298
2006 2390 883 1830 989 69272 703 1164 53313 1162 153157
2007 2307 277 1464 1123 71244 125 1351 66569 2511 161525
2008 2687 311 1659 535 72779 283 971 68792 1759 155604
2009 2820 529 1410 1957 104354 317 1315 85514 1845 200061
2010 3173 764 1970 3539 123384 379 1758 111372 2862 249201
2011 1759 268 2110 1724 158202 502 1379 139912 4763 310619
2012 2055 322 3984 1111 159602 441 833 143886 3393 315627
2013 1886 342 1795 500 99215 439 639 85668 3260 193744
2014 1470 198 1150 340 91306 187 355 78725 3791 177522
2015 2459 145 1047 124 95094 246 450 91864 3327 194756
2016 2460 340 1401 170 108718 200 575 115710 3838 233412
2017 2776 108 1810 170 113132 228 372 106714 2279 227588
2018 2333 183 1317 385 93839 169 453 90486 2111 191276
2019 1515 143 1208 204 93860 280 456 76125 1611 175402
2020 1392 96 910 282 88108 45 320 89030 2286 182468
20211) 1722 105 1101 365 100673 13 78 98296 2390 204743
Table 4.3 Northeast Arctic haddock. Nominal catch (t) by countries. Subarea 1 and divisions 2.a and 2.b combined. (Data provided by Working Group members).

1) Provisional figures., 2) USSR prior to 1991. , 3) Figures based on Norwegian IUU estimates in 2002–2008 (see table 4.1), 4) Included landings in Norwegian statistical areas 06 and 07 (from 1983)

Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13+
1950 0 4446 3189 37949 35344 18849 28868 9199 1979 1093 853 867 1257
1951 4069 222 65643 9178 18014 13551 6808 6850 3322 1182 734 178 436
1952 0 13674 6012 151996 13634 9850 4693 3237 2434 606 534 185 161
1953 392 8031 64528 13013 70781 5431 2867 1080 424 315 393 202 410
1954 1726 493 6563 154696 5885 27590 3233 1302 712 319 126 68 349
1955 0 989 1154 10689 176678 4993 28273 1445 271 100 50 30 20
1956 97 3012 16437 5922 14713 127879 3182 8003 450 200 80 60 45
1957 828 243 2074 24704 7942 12535 46619 1087 1971 356 17 40 119
1958 153 2312 1727 5914 31438 5820 12748 17565 822 1072 226 79 296
1959 169 2425 20318 7826 7243 14040 3154 2237 5918 285 316 71 113
1960 2319 3613 39910 70912 13647 7101 6236 1579 2340 2005 497 70 42
1961 362 5531 15429 56855 63351 8706 3578 4407 788 527 1287 67 80
1962 0 4524 39503 30868 48903 33836 3201 1341 1773 242 247 483 28
1963 3 2143 28466 72736 18969 13579 9257 1239 559 409 80 84 212
1964 149 834 22363 49290 30672 5815 3527 2716 833 104 206 235 190
1965 0 3498 5936 46356 40201 12631 1679 974 897 123 204 123 471
1966 0 2577 26345 22631 63176 29048 5752 582 438 189 186 25 30
1967 0 53 15907 41346 13496 25719 8872 1616 218 175 155 75 41
1968 0 33 657 67632 41267 7748 15599 5292 655 182 101 115 70
1969 0 1061 1524 1968 44634 19002 3620 4937 1628 316 43 43 23
1970 480 281 23444 2454 1906 22417 8100 2012 2016 740 166 26 96
1971 15 3535 1978 24358 1257 918 9279 3056 826 1043 369 130 35
1972 133 9399 230942 22315 42981 3206 1611 6758 2638 900 989 538 120
1973 0 5956 70679 260520 24180 6919 422 426 1692 529 147 339 95
1974 281 3713 9685 41706 88120 5829 4138 382 618 2043 935 276 659
1975 1321 4355 10037 14088 33871 49711 2135 1236 92 131 500 147 287
1976 3475 7499 13994 13454 6810 20796 40057 1247 1350 193 280 652 671
1977 184 18456 55967 22043 7368 2586 7781 11043 311 388 96 101 182
1978 46 2033 47311 18812 4076 1389 1626 2596 6215 162 258 3 139
1979 0 48 17540 35290 10645 1429 812 546 1466 2310 181 87 55
1980 0 0 627 22878 21794 2971 250 504 230 842 1299 111 50
1981 1 68 486 2561 22124 10685 1034 162 162 72 330 564 69
1982 2 29 883 900 3372 12203 2625 344 75 80 91 321 238
1983 3 351 1173 2636 1360 2394 2506 1799 267 37 60 100 132
1984 7 754 1271 1019 1899 657 950 2619 352 87 2 22 53
1985 4 2952 29624 1695 564 1009 943 886 1763 588 124 64 93
1986 506 650 23113 68429 1565 783 896 393 702 1144 443 130 414
1987 9 83 5031 87170 64556 960 597 376 212 230 419 245 73
1988 7 139 1439 12478 47890 20429 397 178 74 88 168 198 80
1989 611 221 2157 4986 16071 25313 3198 147 1 28 28 53 96
1990 2 446 1015 2580 2142 4046 6221 840 134 42 14 13 44
1991 23 533 4421 3564 2416 3299 4633 3953 461 83 9 18 27
1992 49 2793 11571 11567 4099 2642 2894 3327 3498 486 35 32 18
1993 498 272 13487 19457 13704 4103 1747 1886 2105 1965 201 96 25
1994 95 187 3374 47821 36333 13264 2057 903 1453 2769 1802 259 49
1995 2 85 2003 16109 72644 19145 6417 746 361 770 655 804 116
1996 35 478 1662 6818 36473 73579 13426 2944 573 365 533 598 767
1997 70 94 2280 5633 12603 32832 49478 5636 778 245 126 158 463
1998 547 1476 1701 11304 9258 8633 13801 19469 2113 330 59 54 377
1999 104 568 16839 8039 15365 6073 4466 6355 6204 647 117 109 220
2000 46 692 1520 29986 6496 5149 2406 1657 1570 1744 183 70 184
2001 374 1758 12971 5230 32049 5279 2941 1137 1161 1169 747 169 288
2002 59 603 7132 46335 11084 21985 2602 1602 482 448 581 349 98
2003 123 611 6803 31448 56480 11736 14541 1637 2178 858 411 413 395
2004 58 1295 7993 21116 41310 41226 4939 4914 598 1252 296 139 465
2005 102 865 11452 19369 22887 37067 24461 2393 2997 990 201 263 1059
2006 271 2496 4539 35040 27571 15033 16023 8567 1259 1298 222 175 321
2007 575 3914 30707 15213 45992 18516 10642 7889 2570 678 605 197 185
2008 440 2089 14536 44192 15926 31173 9145 4520 2846 1181 274 214 166
2009 483 1364 15379 55013 52498 13679 15382 3800 1669 887 285 353 321
2010 457 620 6545 52006 80622 50306 9273 5324 1954 1114 533 242 621
2011 909 806 1277 8501 90394 100522 39496 4397 2340 668 437 269 708
2012 268 611 7814 4206 18007 93055 82721 14445 1325 448 217 216 568
2013 402 904 1778 12780 3805 12297 58024 29930 4976 957 331 212 535
2014 528 649 6948 4503 14563 6833 16304 39620 16439 2431 619 440 545
2015 303 1334 1645 27317 8526 16624 7950 20538 25534 6677 1556 295 312
2016 294 655 5774 3482 33177 9563 18045 12030 21875 13492 4757 876 248
2017 724 1898 30744 46463 16895 48927 10518 14992 9 485 8447 6640 1872 317
2018 679 1438 9424 16291 34060 8466 18882 5123 8902 4125 3564 4504 1040
2019 797 968 13908 28572 24171 32555 6278 6803 2601 3618 1225 1715 1400
2020 122 1298 10797 62206 46715 18137 10773 3051 2839 1445 996 915 1092
2021 263 641 2882 31573 99086 31202 7412 3595 1985 1161 814 802 966
Table 4.4. Northeast Arctic haddock. Catch numbers-at-age (numbers, ´000).
Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13+
1950 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1951 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1952 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1953 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1954 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1955 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1956 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1957 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1958 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1959 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1960 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1961 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1962 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1963 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1964 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1965 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1966 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1967 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1968 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1969 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1970 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1971 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1972 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1973 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1974 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1975 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1976 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1977 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1978 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1979 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1980 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1981 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1982 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1983 0.188 0.689 1.033 1.408 1.71 2.149 2.469 2.748 3.069 3.687 4.516 3.094 3.461
1984 0.408 0.805 1.218 1.632 2.038 2.852 2.845 3.218 3.605 4.065 4.407 4.734 5.099
1985 0.319 0.383 0.835 1.29 1.816 2.174 2.301 2.835 3.253 3.721 4.084 4.137 4.926
1986 0.218 0.325 0.612 1.064 1.539 1.944 2.362 2.794 3.25 3.643 4.14 4.559 5.927
1987 0.143 0.221 0.497 0.765 1.179 1.724 2.135 2.551 3.009 3.414 3.84 4.415 5.195
1988 0.279 0.551 0.55 0.908 1.097 1.357 1.537 1.704 2.403 2.403 2.486 2.531 2.834
1989 0.258 0.55 0.684 0.84 0.998 1.176 1.546 1.713 1.949 2.14 2.389 2.522 2.797
1990 0.319 0.601 0.793 1.172 1.397 1.624 1.885 2.112 2.653 3.102 3.18 3.438 3.319
1991 0.216 0.616 0.941 1.281 1.556 1.797 2.044 2.079 2.311 2.788 3.408 2.896 3.274
1992 0.055 0.458 0.906 1.263 1.535 1.747 2.043 2.2 2.298 2.494 2.49 2.673 2.923
1993 0.381 0.64 0.94 1.204 1.487 1.748 1.994 2.237 2.417 2.654 2.906 3.184 3.363
1994 0.278 0.521 0.614 0.906 1.287 1.602 1.968 2.059 2.39 2.545 2.881 2.918 3.222
1995 0.258 0.446 0.739 0.808 1.107 1.556 1.838 2.234 2.416 2.602 2.965 3.163 3.786
1996 0.287 0.427 0.683 0.868 1.045 1.363 1.71 1.886 2.214 2.37 2.438 2.707 2.896
1997 0.408 0.575 0.682 1.028 1.151 1.369 1.637 1.856 2.073 2.5 2.279 2.532 2.609
1998 0.409 0.593 0.748 0.974 1.262 1.433 1.641 1.863 2.069 2.335 2.511 2.8 2.849
1999 0.435 0.695 0.826 1.079 1.261 1.485 1.634 1.798 2.032 2.237 2.339 2.611 2.865
2000 0.378 0.577 0.853 1.186 1.395 1.588 1.808 1.989 2.264 2.415 2.587 2.647 3.098
2001 0.391 0.647 0.751 1.104 1.459 1.709 1.921 2.182 2.331 2.609 2.757 3.376 3.338
2002 0.159 0.407 0.687 1.001 1.363 1.643 1.975 2.086 2.294 2.487 2.612 2.847 3.501
2003 0.198 0.384 0.594 0.875 1.113 1.364 1.361 1.972 1.636 1.877 2.088 2.351 2.842
2004 0.328 0.429 0.636 0.886 1.183 1.508 1.821 2.075 2.339 2.58 2.527 3.153 3.197
2005 0.285 0.492 0.722 0.906 1.121 1.343 1.619 2.036 2.177 2.382 2.527 2.496 2.81
2006 0.311 0.567 0.745 1.041 1.287 1.504 1.72 2.082 2.377 2.738 3.082 3.02 3.43
2007 0.329 0.431 0.652 0.899 1.197 1.435 1.722 1.99 2.309 2.715 2.987 2.947 3.591
2008 0.383 0.484 0.658 0.901 1.242 1.515 1.781 2.18 2.33 2.664 3.019 3.326 3.829
2009 0.378 0.508 0.707 1.024 1.28 1.538 1.806 2.107 2.398 2.531 2.606 3.089 3.541
2010 0.317 0.499 0.642 0.887 1.137 1.396 1.702 1.907 2.095 2.404 2.534 3.064 3.249
2011 0.423 0.513 0.811 0.953 1.093 1.254 1.462 1.715 1.978 2.328 2.305 2.55 2.76
2012 0.271 0.506 0.756 1.004 1.174 1.371 1.514 1.715 2.051 2.444 2.414 2.615 2.932
2013 0.469 0.542 0.821 1.014 1.217 1.401 1.571 1.714 1.914 2.168 2.24 2.516 2.807
2014 0.469 0.645 0.792 1.033 1.253 1.417 1.625 1.793 1.941 2.081 2.479 2.703 3.011
2015 0.473 0.647 0.876 1.054 1.327 1.571 1.777 1.934 2.025 2.216 2.481 2.99 3.455
2016 0.497 0.743 0.882 1.115 1.369 1.662 1.917 2.089 2.301 2.567 3.076 3.286 3.331
2017 0.449 0.608 0.874 1.088 1.378 1.666 1.879 2.146 2.258 2.476 2.72 2.98 3.713
2018 0.443 0.663 0.820 1.051 1.339 1.629 1.927 2.156 2.372 2.588 2.728 2.773 3.175
2019 0.341 0.508 0.729 0.955 1.275 1.581 1.834 2.151 2.378 2.607 2.868 2.934 3.382
2020 0.364 0.523 0.629 0.788 1.131 1.489 1.821 2.126 2.426 2.651 2.771 3.147 3.359
2021 0.257 0.445 0.570 0.773 0.997 1.351 1.716 2.150 2.388 2.682 3.073 3.201 4.139
Table 4.5. Northeast Arctic haddock. Catch weights-at-age (kg).
Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13+
1950-1979 0.031 0.145 0.354 0.653 1.016 1.427 1.867 2.327 2.771 3.195 3.597 3.597 3.597
1980 0.063 0.262 0.454 0.878 1.159 1.675 2.292 3.134 3.31 3.553 3.792 3.792 3.792
1981 0.051 0.274 0.603 0.805 1.315 1.582 2.118 2.728 3.51 3.679 3.904 3.904 3.904
1982 0.036 0.224 0.631 1.049 1.217 1.782 2.017 2.553 3.14 3.853 4.016 4.016 4.016
1983 0.035 0.164 0.524 1.098 1.558 1.663 2.255 2.448 2.97 3.524 4.165 4.165 4.165
1984 0.028 0.158 0.391 0.926 1.632 2.093 2.121 2.718 2.865 3.363 3.878 3.878 3.878
1985 0.03 0.127 0.379 0.700 1.394 2.195 2.626 2.572 3.158 3.261 3.728 3.728 3.728
1986 0.035 0.136 0.311 0.682 1.069 1.898 2.761 3.138 3.005 3.568 3.632 3.632 3.632
1987 0.042 0.161 0.331 0.569 1.047 1.473 2.411 3.307 3.616 3.412 3.946 3.946 3.946
1988 0.039 0.189 0.383 0.603 0.887 1.452 1.895 2.915 3.822 4.054 3.787 3.787 3.787
1989 0.037 0.175 0.445 0.689 0.936 1.248 1.878 2.317 3.395 4.297 4.449 4.449 4.449
1990 0.031 0.169 0.413 0.789 1.054 1.312 1.635 2.308 2.728 3.844 4.73 4.73 4.73
1991 0.025 0.141 0.402 0.737 1.193 1.458 1.714 2.035 2.732 3.122 4.256 4.256 4.256
1992 0.023 0.114 0.34 0.721 1.119 1.63 1.881 2.127 2.437 3.142 3.491 3.491 3.491
1993 0.025 0.107 0.279 0.616 1.100 1.537 2.08 2.308 2.54 2.831 3.531 3.531 3.531
Table 4.6a. Northeast Arctic haddock. Stock weights-at-age (kg). The data from 1950–1993 is unchanged AFWG 2019, the data from 1994 and onward have been updated this year.
Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
1994 0.025 0.106 0.251 0.504 0.938 1.648 2.172 2.7 2.852 2.818 2.979 3.624 4.181
1995 0.032 0.113 0.262 0.471 0.796 1.312 2.115 2.634 3.166 3.296 3.213 3.164 3.938
1996 0.032 0.141 0.279 0.487 0.745 1.134 1.716 2.57 3.093 3.61 3.72 3.404 3.482
1997 0.034 0.141 0.344 0.513 0.768 1.061 1.492 2.124 3.022 3.53 4.026 3.871 3.721
1998 0.026 0.151 0.344 0.623 0.814 1.098 1.414 1.875 2.535 3.467 3.957 4.181 4.181
1999 0.027 0.12 0.364 0.628 0.971 1.156 1.448 1.774 2.265 2.957 3.888 4.111 4.471
2000 0.025 0.124 0.294 0.659 0.978 1.362 1.519 1.823 2.149 2.656 3.366 4.041 4.415
2001 0.021 0.111 0.306 0.539 1.025 1.362 1.765 1.906 2.206 2.54 3.051 3.545 4.342
2002 0.026 0.101 0.273 0.557 0.851 1.429 1.776 2.192 2.289 2.592 2.922 3.238 3.871
2003 0.026 0.118 0.248 0.504 0.875 1.202 1.846 2.192 2.611 2.697 2.979 3.12 3.56
2004 0.027 0.116 0.288 0.462 0.796 1.24 1.574 2.274 2.611 3.029 3.08 3.179 3.435
2005 0.019 0.121 0.284 0.529 0.735 1.134 1.62 1.97 2.703 3.044 3.444 3.282 3.497
2006 0.019 0.088 0.294 0.525 0.832 1.054 1.492 2.024 2.372 3.131 3.444 3.624 3.592
2007 0.021 0.088 0.22 0.543 0.832 1.179 1.397 1.875 2.422 2.777 3.539 3.624 3.938
2008 0.026 0.101 0.22 0.416 0.856 1.179 1.555 1.763 2.265 2.831 3.169 3.721 3.938
2009 0.027 0.118 0.248 0.412 0.666 1.209 1.546 1.938 2.138 2.656 3.243 3.358 4.041
2010 0.035 0.121 0.288 0.462 0.666 0.959 1.583 1.938 2.336 2.527 3.051 3.419 3.673
2011 0.032 0.152 0.296 0.535 0.735 0.953 1.281 1.98 2.336 2.736 2.909 3.253 3.738
2012 0.037 0.141 0.367 0.543 0.838 1.054 1.273 1.628 2.385 2.736 3.139 3.091 3.56
2013 0.033 0.162 0.34 0.669 0.856 1.186 1.397 1.619 1.982 2.791 3.124 3.328 3.404
2014 0.035 0.147 0.392 0.623 1.032 1.209 1.565 1.763 1.972 2.353 3.184 3.328 3.64
2015 0.033 0.152 0.354 0.706 0.964 1.439 1.593 1.948 2.138 2.341 2.717 3.373 3.64
2016 0.026 0.145 0.367 0.643 1.089 1.353 1.867 1.992 2.349 2.515 2.717 2.922 3.689
2017 0.025 0.118 0.35 0.669 0.998 1.509 1.765 2.298 2.385 2.75 2.909 2.908 3.223
2018 0.024 0.11 0.288 0.638 1.032 1.395 1.94 2.181 2.73 2.791 3.154 3.091 3.223
2019 0.024 0.108 0.271 0.529 0.991 1.439 1.806 2.382 2.599 3.16 3.198 3.343 3.404
2020 0.024 0.11 0.267 0.504 0.838 1.387 1.867 2.239 2.825 3.029 3.572 3.389 3.656
2021 NA 0.107 0.271 0.496 0.796 1.186 1.795 2.298 2.65 3.266 3.428 3.738 3.705
2022 NA NA 0.262 0.5 0.785 1.134 1.555 2.227 2.73 3.086 3.669 3.608 4.058
Table 4.6b Northeast Arctic haddock. Stock weights-at-age (kg), updated from 1994 and onwards this year.
Year 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  
1950-1979 0.027 0.101 0.311 0.622 0.845 0.944 0.982 0.994
1980 0.026 0.076 0.243 0.649 0.86 0.95 0.984 0.995
1981 0.056 0.104 0.303 0.549 0.857 0.948 0.984 0.995
1982 0.053 0.161 0.332 0.577 0.77 0.947 0.983 0.995
1983 0.057 0.183 0.472 0.665 0.8 0.906 0.983 0.995
1984 0.044 0.196 0.51 0.801 0.862 0.921 0.967 0.995
1985 0.027 0.149 0.522 0.796 0.928 0.953 0.973 0.989
1986 0.021 0.103 0.454 0.758 0.928 0.977 0.984 0.991
1987 0.021 0.076 0.294 0.713 0.918 0.976 0.993 0.994
1988 0.025 0.074 0.24 0.576 0.898 0.975 0.993 0.998
1989 0.032 0.09 0.25 0.534 0.822 0.966 0.993 0.998
1990 0.046 0.127 0.305 0.578 0.798 0.937 0.99 0.997
1991 0.041 0.164 0.358 0.623 0.82 0.925 0.98 0.997
1992 0.03 0.147 0.449 0.704 0.855 0.936 0.976 0.994
1993 0.018 0.113 0.396 0.741 0.878 0.95 0.979 0.992
Table 4.7a. Northeast Arctic haddock. Proportion mature at age. The data from 1950-1993 is unchanged since AFWG 2019. Age 1-2 are 0, and ages 11-13+ set to 1 (not shown)
Year 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1994 0.028 0.085 0.266 0.63 0.839 0.939 0.957 0.956
1995 0.03 0.077 0.207 0.493 0.826 0.933 0.975 0.98
1996 0.032 0.081 0.187 0.411 0.718 0.926 0.972 0.989
1997 0.043 0.088 0.196 0.377 0.637 0.858 0.968 0.987
1998 0.043 0.12 0.214 0.394 0.605 0.804 0.93 0.985
1999 0.047 0.121 0.28 0.422 0.618 0.777 0.898 0.964
2000 0.035 0.13 0.283 0.516 0.648 0.79 0.88 0.945
2001 0.037 0.095 0.304 0.516 0.734 0.811 0.889 0.936
2002 0.031 0.101 0.229 0.545 0.737 0.871 0.901 0.941
2003 0.028 0.085 0.239 0.443 0.758 0.871 0.937 0.948
2004 0.033 0.075 0.207 0.461 0.668 0.885 0.937 0.968
2005 0.033 0.092 0.182 0.411 0.686 0.827 0.945 0.968
2006 0.035 0.091 0.221 0.374 0.637 0.838 0.911 0.972
2007 0.023 0.096 0.221 0.433 0.597 0.804 0.918 0.954
2008 0.023 0.064 0.231 0.433 0.661 0.773 0.898 0.957
2009 0.028 0.063 0.157 0.447 0.658 0.818 0.878 0.945
2010 0.033 0.075 0.157 0.328 0.672 0.818 0.907 0.935
2011 0.036 0.093 0.182 0.325 0.546 0.829 0.907 0.951
2012 0.048 0.096 0.224 0.374 0.542 0.732 0.913 0.951
2013 0.042 0.134 0.231 0.436 0.597 0.729 0.851 0.955
2014 0.052 0.12 0.307 0.447 0.665 0.773 0.848 0.918
2015 0.045 0.145 0.278 0.549 0.675 0.822 0.878 0.916
2016 0.048 0.126 0.331 0.512 0.764 0.831 0.908 0.934
2017 0.045 0.134 0.292 0.578 0.734 0.888 0.913 0.952
2018 0.033 0.124 0.307 0.53 0.784 0.868 0.947 0.955
2019 0.031 0.092 0.289 0.549 0.746 0.901 0.936 0.974
2020 0.031 0.085 0.224 0.526 0.764 0.879 0.955 0.968
2021 0.031 0.083 0.207 0.436 0.743 0.888 0.941 0.979
2022 0.03 0.084 0.202 0.411 0.661 0.877 0.947 0.97
Table 4.7b. Northeast Arctic haddock. Proportion mature at age. Data 1994-2022, Age 1-2 set to 0, and ages 11-13+ set to 1 (not shown)
Age 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Biomass
1984 2228.8 1022.2 15.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 55.7
1985 2019.2 1372.8 5.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 53.3
1986 92.7 598.9 224.1 168.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 109.2
1987 0.0 1061.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.8
1988 0.0 16.7 0.5 8.7 0.0 0.2 0.0 2.5
1989 21.2 221.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.9
1990 48.2 136.9 34.1 3.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.0
1991 0.0 354.3 12.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.6
1992 132.4 1743.6 123.5 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 88.1
1993 826.2 1444.1 143.8 32.2 3.1 2.6 0.0 69.5
1994 1350.6 1486.9 73.6 23.9 6.9 0.8 0.0 48.4
1995 182.1 2875.9 167.5 12.4 28.2 27.9 0.3 113.8
1996 359.9 1546.3 154.5 38.2 5.2 2.5 3.2 66.6
1997 0 946 39 26 2 1 1 44
1998 0 1736 28 2 3 0 0 36
1999 0 1041 25 0 0 0 0 30
2000 814 1413 72 2 1 0 0 58
2001 1051 595 53 5 0 0 0 51
2002 457 2444 241 40 2 0 0 127
2003 1145 3580 215 39 13 1 0 166
2004 5407 2871 305 40 10 2 0 199
2005 7738 6703 277 56 9 2 1 326
2006 12843 8447 377 6 4 1 0 362
2007 1216 10226 663 72 4 2 0 380
2008 1370 973 900 229 45 6 3 295
2009 5673 1875 277 264 70 22 2 255
2010 1991 5747 181 67 69 63 12 269
2011 2339 2648 455 56 76 87 19 281
2012 235 7193 135 108 15 7 4 221
2013 2175 1595 380 32 23 6 4 202
2014 1196 2010 141 28 2 1 0 88
2015 4985 2599 132 14 45 1 0 179
2016 8177 2688 281 23 2 8 2 225
2017 4702 7782 234 23 13 6 14 279
2018 2382 7129 597 67 7 1 0 281
2019 556 4621 421 125 9 0 0 218
2020 1979 522 81 61 77 4 0 92
2021 1084 323 86 6 5 1 0 28
Av.1984–2021 2020.4 2673.4 198.7 44.2 14.4 6.8 1.8 140.7
Table 4.8. Northeast Arctic haddock. Consumption of Haddock by NEA Cod (mln. spec) age 0–6, and total biomass ages 0–6 consumed.

Table 4.9. Northeast Arctic haddock. Survey indices for SAM tuning (see section 4.4.6). The last age is a plus group.

North-East Arctic haddock

104

RU-BTr-Q4

1991 2021

1 1 0.9 1.00

3 8

1 62 9 3 6 18 17

1 346 50 4 6 9 9

1 1985 356 48 8 4 4

1 442 1014 116 15 1 6

1 31 123 370 40 5 4

1 28 49 362 334 29 6

1 32 32 10 27 10 8

1 38 46 8 5 15 5

1 196 39 37 8 3 14

1 60 109 26 11 2 5

1 334 40 65 11 4 4

1 399 450 47 24 4 3

1 221 299 231 34 16 3

1 113 94 107 87 5 6

1 240 86 48 57 24 3

1 113 119 57 26 24 13

1 838 73 137 38 14 15

1 2557 1051 124 111 17 11

1 1647 1704 631 57 32 9

1 299 1697 1589 466 34 17

1 47 268 1087 783 165 13

1 209 49 160 720 480 70

1 61 175 50 104 374 272

1 250 46 175 56 142 416

1 22 199 40 74 28 171

1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

1 71 99 9 38 6 27

1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

BS-NoRU-Q1(Aco)

1994 2022

1 1 0.077 0.189

3 9

1 348.73 626.65 121.38 8.55 0.7 0.33 2.71

1 41.47 121.49 395.37 47.61 2.8 0.05 0.83

1 29.97 22.09 68.65 143.69 5.67 0.93 0.07

1 57.27 22.22 15.47 56.13 62.77 4.68 0.19

1 33.78 58.79 24.2 7.7 14.06 20.69 1.62

1 83.67 21.64 22.1 6.17 1.55 3.88 2.77

1 36.39 75.53 14.01 12.61 1.57 0.53 3.02

1 233.45 40.2 41.38 2.2 1.61 0.15 0.71

1 255.2 201.84 18.47 11.7 1.59 0.29 0.56

1 203.68 184.57 136.04 12.26 6.01 0.26 0.9

1 151.01 101.85 107.82 57.68 7.61 1.15 0.55

1 221.33 115.67 57.43 56.71 12.69 0.38 0.33

1 56.32 123.84 47.37 19.26 13.64 3.23 0.35

1 209.28 46.14 80.57 28.92 10 5.05 2.79

1 812.41 303.04 90.02 74.12 7.41 12.77 2.11

1 883.68 629.98 266.65 38.87 14.57 1.26 1.05

1 128.07 631.03 603.99 166.96 12.07 2.94 2.11

1 54.16 84.23 313.02 292.21 54.91 1.71 1.46

1 191.63 48.84 88.12 310.6 172.52 30.09 1.01

1 67.29 146.77 35.41 53.03 223.77 102.68 14.37

1 334.82 39.12 108.72 23.18 34.77 86.36 38.82

1 24.35 189.4 26.63 46.13 9.22 22.45 31.99

1 71.81 12.08 59.62 12.52 17.28 7.48 33.24

1 81.15 65.05 4.81 34.81 6.24 7.93 17.72

1 171.03 62.74 64.4 6.77 15.57 2.75 14.69

1 507.61 146.22 31.73 21.88 4.72 3.46 4.19

1 286.32 306.38 79.18 22.38 11.59 1.84 6.33

1 50.76 130.37 181.8 19.35 5.44 0.94 1.77

1 11.35 63.40 95.30 101.24 11.79 0.82 1.08

BS-NoRu-Q1 (BTr)

1994 2022

1 1 0.077 0.189

3 10

1 314.533 436.251 46.176 3.54 0.163 0.13 0.2 0.651

1 54.857 167.104 343.38 29.623 1.441 0.025 0.043 0.404

1 55.843 31.334 150.768 238.108 16.131 1.15 0 0.069

1 79.632 39.855 18.255 61.566 88.411 3.277 0.082 0.043

1 21.681 36.749 11.844 1.294 9.203 7.212 0.648 0.092

1 56.92 15.874 9.418 2.831 0.807 1.282 0.771 0.034

1 24.08 35.241 6.789 4.134 0.684 0.083 0.802 0.288

1 293.996 26.252 22.997 1.634 0.752 0.058 0.06 0.329

1 312.87 185.453 12.417 8.04 0.846 0.218 0.009 0.325

1 352.236 174.452 72.708 5.104 1.682 0.119 0.104 0.217

1 173.132 100.516 77.021 51.281 7.409 0.912 0.133 0.228

1 317.889 141.058 50.664 61.191 10.082 0.249 0.08 0.009

1 78.798 130.76 46.048 20.874 16.208 3.184 0.094 0.265

1 443.266 81.784 84.667 26.279 5.411 2.197 1.376 0.896

1 1591.031 583.606 53.079 54.732 6.794 10.248 0.23 0.167

1 1230.426 751.012 368.33 25.414 12.437 0.851 0.09 0.363

1 102.451 510.449 443.759 139.316 7.988 1.016 0.386 0.574

1 52.883 123.634 469.482 290.036 65.236 1.416 1.121 0.184

1 316.077 28.785 74.714 267.945 154.601 24.766 3.115 0.391

1 57.444 143.984 22.019 33.624 191.145 69.385 6.114 0.076

1 381.173 32.729 104.397 23.257 50.035 97.536 38.692 2.425

1 30.615 187.035 43.601 39.44 14.668 18.735 30.744 10.2

1 163.385 34.342 115.597 22.406 41.948 12.437 32.396 33.161

1 134.9 105.5 7.553 55.338 9.692 15.6 2.527 23.861

1 336.307 86.656 65.764 7.771 15.59 3.621 2.564 11.931

1 1075.552 187.224 49.399 16.996 4.038 2.948 0.736 1.91

1 424.225 586.985 99.123 22.08 6.057 2.605 1.042 2.827

1 111.35 176.57 265.49 19.32 3.57 0.68 0.19 0.72

1 12.226 86.540 121.699 113.566 9.099 0.617 0.113 0.44

FLT007: Eco-NoRu-Q3 (Btr)

2004 2021

1 1 0.65 0.75

3 9

1 123.368 70.303 69.118 31.482 2.989 1.721 0.220

1 324.560 89.531 30.440 32.246 15.035 0.472 1.116

1 107.467 124.640 41.597 18.980 17.482 7.289 1.384

1 1282.940 88.498 90.369 19.227 5.881 7.102 3.209

1 1154.869 405.999 43.133 35.517 4.940 2.514 2.539

1 650.742 619.088 305.883 21.045 6.549 0.870 0.576

1 184.001 865.318 666.439 147.720 15.840 2.730 0.589

1 40.446 73.802 392.930 301.368 37.357 2.972 0.514

1 92.468 20.348 67.607 214.052 152.030 12.739 2.003

1 25.779 65.228 19.575 50.846 150.131 76.427 7.561

1 261.631 40.768 70.161 25.781 60.452 85.771 19.646

1 42.148 213.636 25.132 37.111 20.577 47.868 42.903

1 209.303 34.430 184.090 47.965 56.787 40.367 125.907

1 70.313 70.306 11.470 20.537 3.963 4.025 15.265

1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

1 896.982 160.736 38.067 15.133 5.303 5.037 11.560

1 204.059 341.372 58.813 4.918 1.959 0.802 1.483

1 129.533 345.768 330.627 32.250 5.446 0.885 1.410

Table 4.10 Northeast Arctic haddock. SAM model configuration used. Updated at WKDEM 2020

#Configuration saved: Wed Feb 12 12:57:09 2020

# Where a matrix is specified rows corresponds to fleets and columns to ages.

# Same number indicates same parameter used

# Numbers (integers) starts from zero and must be consecutive

$minAge

# The minimum age class in the assessment

3

$maxAge

# The maximum age class in the assessment

13

$maxAgePlusGroup

# Is last age group considered a plus group for each fleet (1 yes, or 0 no).

1 1 1 1 1

$keyLogFsta

# Coupling of the fishing mortality states (nomally only first row is used).

0 1 2 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 5

-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

$corFlag

# Correlation of fishing mortality across ages (0 independent, 1 compound symmetry, 2 AR(1), 3 separable AR(1).

2

$keyLogFpar

# Coupling of the survey catchability parameters (nomally first row is not used, as that is covered by fishing mortality).

-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

0 1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

2 3 3 3 3 4 4 -1 -1 -1 -1

5 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 -1 -1 -1

8 9 9 9 9 9 9 -1 -1 -1 -1

$keyQpow

# Density dependent catchability power parameters (if any).

-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

1 1 1 1 1 2 2 -1 -1 -1 -1

3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 -1 -1 -1

5 5 5 5 5 5 5 -1 -1 -1 -1

$keyVarF

# Coupling of process variance parameters for log(F)-process (nomally only first row is used)

0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

$keyVarLogN

# Coupling of process variance parameters for log(N)-process

0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

$keyVarObs

# Coupling of the variance parameters for the observations.

0 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

3 3 3 3 3 3 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 -1 -1 -1 -1

5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 -1 -1 -1

6 6 6 6 6 6 6 -1 -1 -1 -1

$obsCorStruct

# Covariance structure for each fleet ("ID" independent, "AR" AR(1), or "US" for unstructured). | Possible values are: "ID" "AR" "US"

"ID" "AR" "AR" "AR" "AR"

$keyCorObs

# Coupling of correlation parameters can only be specified if the AR(1) structure is chosen above.

# NA's indicate where correlation parameters can be specified (-1 where they cannot).

#V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10

NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

0 1 1 1 2 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

3 3 3 3 3 4 -1 -1 -1 -1

5 5 5 5 5 6 6 -1 -1 -1

7 7 7 7 7 7 -1 -1 -1 -1

$stockRecruitmentModelCode

# Stock recruitment code (0 for plain random walk, 1 for Ricker, 2 for Beverton–Holt, and 3 piece-wise constant).

0

$noScaledYears

# Number of years where catch scaling is applied.

0

$keyScaledYears

# A vector of the years where catch scaling is applied.

$keyParScaledYA

# A matrix specifying the couplings of scale parameters (nrow = no scaled years, ncols = no ages).

$fbarRange

# lowest and higest age included in Fbar

4 7

$keyBiomassTreat

# To be defined only if a biomass survey is used (0 SSB index, 1 catch index, 2 FSB index, 3 total catch, 4 total landings and 5 TSB index).

-1 -1 -1 -1 -1

$obsLikelihoodFlag

# Option for observational likelihood | Possible values are: "LN" "ALN"

"LN" "LN" "LN" "LN" "LN"

$fixVarToWeight

# If weight attribute is supplied for observations this option sets the treatment (0 relative weight, 1 fix variance to weight).

0

$fracMixF

# The fraction of t(3) distribution used in logF increment distribution

0

$fracMixN

# The fraction of t(3) distribution used in logN increment distribution

0

$fracMixObs

# A vector with same length as number of fleets, where each element is the fraction of t(3) distribution used in the distribution of that fleet

0 0 0 0 0

$constRecBreaks

# This option is only used in combination with stock-recruitment code 3)

$predVarObsLink

# Coupling of parameters used in a mean-variance link for observations.

0 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

3 3 3 3 3 3 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 -1 -1 -1 -1

5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 -1 -1 -1

6 6 6 6 6 6 6 -1 -1 -1 -1

Year R(age 3) Low High SSB Low High Fbar Low High TSB Low High
 
1950 71954 46160 112161 214279 192049 239082 0.757 0.640 0.895 387448 347900 431491
1951 662668 429436 1022572 126110 112047 141939 0.683 0.576 0.811 434923 341406 554056
1952 87684 56210 136781 101799 88941 116517 0.713 0.597 0.852 426462 340536 534068
1953 1236112 814474 1876024 120561 104157 139550 0.536 0.443 0.648 733249 561653 957269
1954 132692 85171 206726 174538 148014 205816 0.430 0.354 0.522 826604 653951 1044841
1955 58481 37134 92100 313360 267430 367179 0.447 0.371 0.539 847418 714270 1005387
1956 229412 146973 358093 367219 312961 430885 0.472 0.392 0.569 688366 591608 800948
1957 60191 38357 94452 253094 217114 295035 0.426 0.355 0.512 434424 377495 499938
1958 72727 46696 113271 181736 157983 209059 0.517 0.430 0.622 314993 277299 357810
1959 388917 256300 590152 125293 108818 144263 0.444 0.366 0.538 333079 274384 404329
1960 319617 209398 487852 112867 99564 127948 0.540 0.450 0.646 418492 349162 501588
1961 144191 94743 219445 124747 111163 139991 0.663 0.561 0.785 401510 349516 461237
1962 294721 194343 446943 125047 111195 140626 0.793 0.674 0.934 376236 324272 436527
1963 313728 208414 472257 94205 82955 106980 0.761 0.638 0.907 352837 295662 421068
1964 352219 232640 533263 84357 74141 95980 0.632 0.525 0.762 385078 319073 464736
1965 126309 82135 194241 103060 89956 118073 0.524 0.433 0.633 385804 326369 456061
1966 313027 205139 477656 145581 126799 167144 0.559 0.465 0.671 450542 385007 527232
1967 341917 223471 523142 151115 130284 175276 0.441 0.364 0.534 464355 390615 552016
1968 18033 11181 29084 168049 145535 194044 0.483 0.398 0.585 427102 362441 503298
1969 20492 12780 32859 167756 144118 195271 0.412 0.336 0.504 316603 271150 369674
1970 209907 135812 324426 155327 131740 183137 0.383 0.310 0.473 286808 241814 340175
1971 108513 69785 168732 127578 107522 151376 0.326 0.261 0.407 263234 223953 309405
1972 1066297 686314 1656659 128558 111671 147997 0.655 0.536 0.800 606115 458740 800835
1973 309863 204061 470519 125538 107980 145951 0.537 0.439 0.657 640625 514095 798295
1974 65777 42815 101054 153803 134044 176476 0.502 0.414 0.609 462914 399648 536194
1975 59215 38571 90908 195116 167179 227722 0.497 0.415 0.595 379238 329211 436866
1976 61657 39505 96230 196497 168938 228551 0.720 0.606 0.854 296463 259812 338284
1977 120878 76578 190806 118927 100298 141017 0.738 0.609 0.894 201470 172925 234726
1978 214299 141229 325173 81230 67275 98081 0.625 0.507 0.769 199293 164652 241223
1979 161196 105893 245381 62550 52626 74344 0.582 0.468 0.722 206358 171758 247928
1980 22214 13770 35836 62876 53385 74055 0.472 0.378 0.588 213181 178172 255069
1981 10373 6182 17404 72926 61649 86267 0.433 0.347 0.540 168442 142141 199610
1982 16685 10270 27106 68721 56827 83105 0.380 0.302 0.478 122845 102836 146747
1983 8517 5013 14472 58413 47945 71166 0.350 0.274 0.448 87912 73614 104988
1984 13170 8117 21369 53238 43378 65339 0.315 0.244 0.406 71782 59894 86028
1985 360421 236188 550001 49175 40893 59134 0.395 0.310 0.504 192100 141398 260982
1986 480423 315598 731331 54932 46581 64781 0.535 0.425 0.673 375571 295920 476661
1987 90168 58164 139782 77886 66612 91068 0.630 0.506 0.784 356991 298457 427006
1988 39086 24572 62172 79981 67314 95032 0.510 0.408 0.637 253784 215181 299311
1989 28690 17838 46145 84497 69604 102576 0.373 0.296 0.470 192911 161527 230393
1990 36995 23783 57547 85921 69888 105632 0.211 0.165 0.269 153556 128235 183876
1991 111064 78155 157832 100599 84419 119880 0.239 0.191 0.300 186577 159220 218635
1992 328345 233437 461840 111029 95914 128527 0.295 0.238 0.365 291072 244156 347003
1993 847060 614155 1168288 125586 110671 142511 0.317 0.258 0.390 525266 434289 635301
1994 398541 321655 493805 154808 138283 173307 0.372 0.307 0.451 651807 569635 745834
1995 101169 79053 129473 188058 167539 211090 0.298 0.250 0.355 646393 570710 732114
1996 100698 79043 128284 217720 194150 244150 0.365 0.310 0.429 559665 498603 628206
1997 120498 94753 153239 188657 168178 211630 0.444 0.376 0.525 402551 361525 448233
1998 63525 49193 82032 131664 116654 148606 0.451 0.378 0.539 267336 239682 298182
1999 151800 121599 189502 95277 84396 107561 0.463 0.384 0.557 234447 209286 262633
2000 83531 65493 106537 78591 69508 88860 0.341 0.280 0.417 215167 190291 243294
2001 369908 302935 451687 92000 82049 103159 0.367 0.305 0.442 320514 283381 362512
2002 397842 324975 487048 109706 97927 122903 0.353 0.294 0.425 437375 386388 495090
2003 342420 275510 425581 137919 123784 153669 0.425 0.359 0.503 508138 452684 570385
2004 262688 214934 321052 156548 140497 174432 0.388 0.330 0.457 495469 444528 552248
2005 369114 303533 448865 168006 150852 187110 0.404 0.344 0.475 512134 460213 569914
2006 158484 128452 195538 152111 136464 169553 0.369 0.313 0.436 439733 395317 489139
2007 546307 446462 668482 154138 138541 171491 0.385 0.326 0.456 505369 452460 564466
2008 1118238 923680 1353778 163581 145927 183371 0.316 0.264 0.379 739975 651077 841011
2009 1032328 855199 1246143 184743 164860 207025 0.261 0.218 0.312 998392 876484 1137257
2010 242169 197117 297516 250124 222925 280640 0.245 0.207 0.291 1130728 994342 1285821
2011 118630 94061 149618 358639 319475 402603 0.256 0.218 0.301 1180978 1046214 1333101
2012 343696 280562 421036 477985 422713 540483 0.221 0.187 0.260 1175395 1043301 1324215
2013 120201 95747 150901 525035 462748 595705 0.148 0.124 0.176 1005103 892555 1131843
2014 415161 340548 506123 524516 465653 590819 0.154 0.128 0.184 985764 884448 1098686
2015 73229 57412 93404 499511 448301 556572 0.189 0.158 0.225 877036 792009 971192
2016 214907 173580 266072 492548 442909 547750 0.259 0.219 0.307 807191 729705 892904
2017 197724 160085 244212 412857 373794 456002 0.349 0.296 0.412 707465 642413 779104
2018 370008 299579 456994 306676 276535 340103 0.402 0.340 0.475 620407 560008 687321
2019 831409 682866 1012264 237709 213456 264719 0.432 0.362 0.515 691820 616267 776635
2020 449467 366822 550732 204215 181387 229916 0.435 0.360 0.525 718196 633884 813723
2021 164246 128805 209438 199550 173606 229372 0.420 0.340 0.518 661365 575999 759381
2022 38431 25191 58630 216456 176604 265300       566427 466593 687622
 
Table 4.11. Northeast Arctic haddock. SAM model. Estimated recruitment, spawning-stock biomass (SSB), and average fishing mortality (Fbar ages 4.-7).
 
Year Age 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
 
1950 0.097 0.416 0.708 0.850 1.053 0.886 0.886 0.886 0.886 0.886 0.886
1951 0.086 0.361 0.618 0.773 0.981 0.886 0.886 0.886 0.886 0.886 0.886
1952 0.093 0.384 0.643 0.797 1.029 0.935 0.935 0.935 0.935 0.935 0.935
1953 0.067 0.284 0.473 0.586 0.801 0.738 0.738 0.738 0.738 0.738 0.738
1954 0.048 0.208 0.356 0.466 0.690 0.651 0.651 0.651 0.651 0.651 0.651
1955 0.046 0.200 0.368 0.503 0.716 0.603 0.603 0.603 0.603 0.603 0.603
1956 0.050 0.210 0.390 0.552 0.738 0.624 0.624 0.624 0.624 0.624 0.624
1957 0.047 0.198 0.367 0.493 0.646 0.549 0.549 0.549 0.549 0.549 0.549
1958 0.057 0.235 0.450 0.600 0.784 0.692 0.692 0.692 0.692 0.692 0.692
1959 0.059 0.229 0.408 0.520 0.619 0.567 0.567 0.567 0.567 0.567 0.567
1960 0.091 0.320 0.537 0.632 0.669 0.616 0.616 0.616 0.616 0.616 0.616
1961 0.119 0.409 0.683 0.782 0.780 0.694 0.694 0.694 0.694 0.694 0.694
1962 0.149 0.506 0.859 0.944 0.864 0.721 0.721 0.721 0.721 0.721 0.721
1963 0.134 0.474 0.810 0.914 0.845 0.681 0.681 0.681 0.681 0.681 0.681
1964 0.096 0.360 0.634 0.771 0.765 0.648 0.648 0.648 0.648 0.648 0.648
1965 0.076 0.291 0.511 0.636 0.656 0.567 0.567 0.567 0.567 0.567 0.567
1966 0.090 0.330 0.565 0.669 0.671 0.555 0.555 0.555 0.555 0.555 0.555
1967 0.072 0.268 0.446 0.515 0.536 0.465 0.465 0.465 0.465 0.465 0.465
1968 0.083 0.298 0.491 0.554 0.589 0.515 0.515 0.515 0.515 0.515 0.515
1969 0.079 0.268 0.428 0.469 0.482 0.416 0.416 0.416 0.416 0.416 0.416
1970 0.082 0.262 0.402 0.428 0.440 0.381 0.381 0.381 0.381 0.381 0.381
1971 0.073 0.233 0.350 0.354 0.366 0.324 0.324 0.324 0.324 0.324 0.324
1972 0.197 0.504 0.764 0.696 0.654 0.544 0.544 0.544 0.544 0.544 0.544
1973 0.206 0.493 0.649 0.531 0.477 0.380 0.380 0.380 0.380 0.380 0.380
1974 0.181 0.431 0.544 0.512 0.522 0.461 0.461 0.461 0.461 0.461 0.461
1975 0.200 0.462 0.547 0.493 0.487 0.417 0.417 0.417 0.417 0.417 0.417
1976 0.297 0.649 0.782 0.720 0.728 0.641 0.641 0.641 0.641 0.641 0.641
1977 0.335 0.722 0.856 0.717 0.657 0.557 0.557 0.557 0.557 0.557 0.557
1978 0.228 0.551 0.729 0.643 0.576 0.504 0.504 0.504 0.504 0.504 0.504
1979 0.161 0.443 0.673 0.653 0.556 0.502 0.502 0.502 0.502 0.502 0.502
1980 0.100 0.315 0.526 0.565 0.480 0.460 0.460 0.460 0.460 0.460 0.460
1981 0.084 0.273 0.473 0.542 0.444 0.429 0.429 0.429 0.429 0.429 0.429
1982 0.075 0.244 0.412 0.479 0.385 0.381 0.381 0.381 0.381 0.381 0.381
1983 0.078 0.247 0.388 0.427 0.339 0.340 0.340 0.340 0.340 0.340 0.340
1984 0.069 0.228 0.348 0.377 0.307 0.292 0.292 0.292 0.292 0.292 0.292
1985 0.075 0.258 0.412 0.481 0.429 0.412 0.412 0.412 0.412 0.412 0.412
1986 0.087 0.315 0.540 0.666 0.619 0.588 0.588 0.588 0.588 0.588 0.588
1987 0.097 0.360 0.646 0.789 0.725 0.658 0.658 0.658 0.658 0.658 0.658
1988 0.071 0.278 0.511 0.658 0.592 0.537 0.537 0.537 0.537 0.537 0.537
1989 0.055 0.220 0.389 0.468 0.414 0.361 0.361 0.361 0.361 0.361 0.361
1990 0.029 0.127 0.214 0.255 0.247 0.231 0.231 0.231 0.231 0.231 0.231
1991 0.031 0.136 0.243 0.291 0.285 0.261 0.261 0.261 0.261 0.261 0.261
1992 0.032 0.146 0.293 0.368 0.372 0.340 0.340 0.340 0.340 0.340 0.340
1993 0.025 0.128 0.292 0.410 0.440 0.398 0.398 0.398 0.398 0.398 0.398
1994 0.023 0.123 0.305 0.479 0.583 0.546 0.546 0.546 0.546 0.546 0.546
1995 0.018 0.098 0.230 0.366 0.499 0.492 0.492 0.492 0.492 0.492 0.492
1996 0.024 0.122 0.285 0.437 0.615 0.623 0.623 0.623 0.623 0.623 0.623
1997 0.032 0.157 0.374 0.532 0.715 0.682 0.682 0.682 0.682 0.682 0.682
1998 0.037 0.178 0.402 0.551 0.675 0.677 0.677 0.677 0.677 0.677 0.677
1999 0.045 0.204 0.434 0.561 0.651 0.624 0.624 0.624 0.624 0.624 0.624
2000 0.033 0.160 0.326 0.413 0.467 0.438 0.438 0.438 0.438 0.438 0.438
2001 0.034 0.163 0.357 0.458 0.491 0.449 0.449 0.449 0.449 0.449 0.449
2002 0.031 0.151 0.322 0.457 0.483 0.423 0.423 0.423 0.423 0.423 0.423
2003 0.035 0.169 0.366 0.534 0.632 0.572 0.572 0.572 0.572 0.572 0.572
2004 0.034 0.158 0.329 0.484 0.580 0.549 0.549 0.549 0.549 0.549 0.549
2005 0.036 0.163 0.335 0.495 0.625 0.605 0.605 0.605 0.605 0.605 0.605
2006 0.036 0.159 0.317 0.443 0.558 0.551 0.551 0.551 0.551 0.551 0.551
2007 0.037 0.159 0.321 0.467 0.595 0.577 0.577 0.577 0.577 0.577 0.577
2008 0.025 0.112 0.230 0.385 0.538 0.532 0.532 0.532 0.532 0.532 0.532
2009 0.020 0.089 0.178 0.308 0.469 0.485 0.485 0.485 0.485 0.485 0.485
2010 0.020 0.084 0.169 0.288 0.441 0.494 0.494 0.494 0.494 0.494 0.494
2011 0.021 0.088 0.185 0.304 0.449 0.492 0.492 0.492 0.492 0.492 0.492
2012 0.020 0.082 0.159 0.266 0.376 0.401 0.401 0.401 0.401 0.401 0.401
2013 0.015 0.062 0.107 0.170 0.252 0.313 0.313 0.313 0.313 0.313 0.313
2014 0.017 0.069 0.120 0.177 0.248 0.347 0.347 0.347 0.347 0.347 0.347
2015 0.022 0.090 0.159 0.222 0.285 0.397 0.397 0.397 0.397 0.397 0.397
2016 0.028 0.115 0.223 0.312 0.387 0.510 0.510 0.510 0.510 0.510 0.510
2017 0.036 0.149 0.304 0.441 0.502 0.586 0.586 0.586 0.586 0.586 0.586
2018 0.035 0.154 0.347 0.529 0.578 0.633 0.633 0.633 0.633 0.633 0.633
2019 0.032 0.152 0.374 0.613 0.587 0.589 0.589 0.589 0.589 0.589 0.589
2020 0.031 0.149 0.379 0.617 0.594 0.571 0.571 0.571 0.571 0.571 0.571
2021 0.028 0.138 0.359 0.600 0.581 0.588 0.588 0.588 0.588 0.588 0.588
                       
 
Table 4.12. Northeast Arctic haddock. SAM model estimated fishing mortality-at-age. SAM model.
 
Year Age 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
 
1950 71954 100948 75803 37104 46922 16672 4878 2687 1380 1457 2055
1951 662668 47596 45982 27423 12794 12505 5438 1937 1010 446 1092
1952 87684 441709 30601 19171 9000 4342 3846 1638 734 356 506
1953 1236112 51854 209514 13984 6355 2641 1332 1053 532 251 306
1954 132692 913814 26007 91482 6873 2332 1088 548 387 198 225
1955 58481 84380 629858 14587 52314 3085 919 453 236 160 167
1956 229412 40721 55799 323834 7228 17743 1435 401 213 112 152
1957 60191 151658 27702 35983 110731 3090 6141 698 167 98 128
1958 72727 39863 92948 15487 20858 40057 1633 2510 350 84 118
1959 388917 51327 26067 40083 7338 7281 14858 723 901 146 87
1960 319617 266424 35703 15675 17032 3483 3666 6151 360 371 107
1961 144191 192337 144960 17670 6984 8060 1597 1508 2792 156 204
1962 294721 86152 92056 59648 6749 2715 3289 659 610 1159 139
1963 313728 177883 37775 26324 17552 2650 1091 1230 273 244 536
1964 352219 199197 75457 12227 7658 5839 1225 441 510 122 345
1965 126309 239697 114967 30319 4161 2786 2266 535 199 219 210
1966 313027 82587 158862 62233 12369 1705 1276 944 271 92 187
1967 341917 200993 43550 72547 24793 4865 791 602 451 132 132
1968 18033 248789 118244 21868 36167 12509 2350 410 314 233 138
1969 20492 11753 142282 55303 10688 15769 5749 1163 197 156 175
1970 209907 12595 7457 70546 25170 5916 8044 3009 644 106 186
1971 108513 135135 7126 4488 33462 12298 3362 4541 1695 371 163
1972 1066297 79576 82209 4547 3103 17586 6743 2018 2775 1030 316
1973 309863 617024 46426 23183 1700 1546 7651 2907 927 1381 613
1974 65777 168110 250735 16514 10662 885 1013 4476 1688 549 1229
1975 59215 37393 90307 140730 6802 4949 449 560 2148 817 937
1976 61657 33714 16473 44334 79265 3152 2773 247 332 1150 972
1977 120878 31792 13734 6439 17673 30352 1284 1183 103 148 810
1978 214299 55235 9743 4423 2904 7752 15135 629 564 45 432
1979 161196 117773 23260 3249 2034 1407 4104 7093 337 274 227
1980 22214 102951 58664 8302 1153 1047 717 2165 3493 174 241
1981 10373 15666 63657 26356 3451 552 557 380 1140 1720 214
1982 16685 6813 11084 31844 10538 1721 278 307 217 623 960
1983 8517 11374 4651 6829 13553 5614 983 147 177 126 805
1984 13170 5094 6707 2749 3894 8842 2882 577 80 104 519
1985 360421 8905 2884 3607 1785 2573 5373 1842 369 51 398
1986 480423 277897 5187 1593 1851 994 1474 2796 1027 206 261
1987 90168 252499 156719 2536 653 793 470 679 1207 471 208
1988 39086 69528 135666 46610 1065 233 320 205 301 508 280
1989 28690 25847 49114 70932 12183 549 95 152 99 145 366
1990 36995 20973 17122 26053 32813 5487 355 59 87 57 278
1991 111064 25066 13652 14104 20210 20303 3141 249 40 57 206
1992 328345 83998 16040 10097 10403 12631 12669 1890 165 26 159
1993 847060 223767 57624 10695 5917 6244 7670 7284 1052 101 108
1994 398541 586581 154943 31769 4684 3141 3758 4796 4334 596 116
1995 101169 227631 436642 78224 14686 2097 1428 1871 2202 2146 340
1996 100698 62296 170360 249488 32110 7281 1087 710 938 1104 1266
1997 120498 55757 38426 96597 103534 13995 2517 494 313 416 1096
1998 63525 80689 35130 18194 36780 39226 5240 994 211 132 711
1999 151800 48591 47748 17443 8917 15900 13962 1921 412 93 389
2000 83531 120835 30886 21383 6882 4345 6596 5481 816 189 232
2001 369908 68769 94812 16790 10168 3527 2611 3530 2691 441 239
2002 397842 300355 51914 48421 9123 5526 1906 1463 1939 1413 358
2003 342420 261719 196392 34361 24969 4595 3509 1235 839 1098 1006
2004 262688 172605 166134 112529 16305 11043 2147 1666 620 397 1075
2005 369114 172023 95010 110263 51403 6645 5628 1150 739 312 798
2006 158484 219791 109769 52144 45046 21018 3222 2853 561 348 541
2007 546307 121683 167892 61580 26788 19474 8222 1758 1492 287 447
2008 1118238 467328 98324 104726 22042 14103 7244 3321 897 726 362
2009 1032328 727573 382754 62874 40565 10455 5359 3171 1463 496 599
2010 242169 689310 609912 236370 32550 15363 4868 2751 1623 785 649
2011 118630 194392 562233 431733 123576 14436 6265 2153 1357 838 828
2012 343696 74135 139336 402923 272118 55421 6244 2608 1055 710 954
2013 120201 202416 58533 96203 277646 129788 24047 3239 1437 605 1004
2014 415161 74430 147429 50354 89089 148484 62741 11002 1912 904 1022
2015 73229 290572 66276 93516 40951 70860 75335 26084 5431 1042 1055
2016 214907 49671 171111 46462 62421 33999 50637 38639 13024 2607 1026
2017 197724 179071 34226 111248 28352 36992 19184 22229 18250 5693 1505
2018 370008 137595 127037 24887 44354 14746 18241 9104 9411 8688 3192
2019 831409 244589 89230 64256 16774 17916 6986 7847 3791 3980 4369
2020 449467 536349 162423 46595 23457 9104 7543 3462 3388 1841 3506
2021 164246 279776 363859 73157 20670 9211 4391 3305 1677 1642 2457
2022 38431 137815 192967 201210 35275 8936 4027 2003 1507 763 1870
 
Table 4.13. Northeast Arctic haddock. SAM model. Estimated stock numbers-at-age.
 
Year 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
 
1950 0.345 0.258 0.243 0.241 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
1951 0.345 0.258 0.243 0.241 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
1952 0.345 0.258 0.243 0.241 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
1953 0.345 0.258 0.243 0.241 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
1954 0.345 0.258 0.243 0.241 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
1955 0.345 0.258 0.243 0.241 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
1956 0.345 0.258 0.243 0.241 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
1957 0.345 0.258 0.243 0.241 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
1958 0.345 0.258 0.243 0.241 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
1959 0.345 0.258 0.243 0.241 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
1960 0.345 0.258 0.243 0.241 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
1961 0.345 0.258 0.243 0.241 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
1962 0.345 0.258 0.243 0.241 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
1963 0.345 0.258 0.243 0.241 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
1964 0.345 0.258 0.243 0.241 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
1965 0.345 0.258 0.243 0.241 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
1966 0.345 0.258 0.243 0.241 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
1967 0.345 0.258 0.243 0.241 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
1968 0.345 0.258 0.243 0.241 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
1969 0.345 0.258 0.243 0.241 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
1970 0.345 0.258 0.243 0.241 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
1971 0.345 0.258 0.243 0.241 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
1972 0.345 0.258 0.243 0.241 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
1973 0.345 0.258 0.243 0.241 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
1974 0.345 0.258 0.243 0.241 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
1975 0.345 0.258 0.243 0.241 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
1976 0.345 0.258 0.243 0.241 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
1977 0.345 0.258 0.243 0.241 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
1978 0.345 0.258 0.243 0.241 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
1979 0.345 0.258 0.243 0.241 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
1980 0.345 0.258 0.243 0.241 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
1981 0.345 0.258 0.243 0.241 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
1982 0.345 0.258 0.243 0.241 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
1983 0.345 0.258 0.243 0.241 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
1984 0.216 0.223 0.214 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
1985 0.209 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
1986 0.639 0.263 0.200 0.210 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
1987 0.200 0.208 0.419 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
1988 0.380 0.200 0.200 0.391 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
1989 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.231 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
1990 0.329 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
1991 0.202 0.216 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
1992 0.216 0.205 0.203 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
1993 0.253 0.248 0.275 0.260 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
1994 0.289 0.215 0.296 0.226 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
1995 0.380 0.342 0.319 0.292 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
1996 0.725 0.321 0.254 0.284 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
1997 0.503 0.267 0.258 0.285 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
1998 0.231 0.291 0.267 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
1999 0.200 0.208 0.278 0.262 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
2000 0.214 0.200 0.215 0.245 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
2001 0.210 0.200 0.225 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
2002 0.323 0.213 0.200 0.203 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
2003 0.418 0.251 0.208 0.201 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
2004 0.415 0.302 0.201 0.227 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
2005 0.397 0.303 0.233 0.271 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
2006 0.223 0.215 0.276 0.212 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
2007 0.297 0.200 0.238 0.320 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
2008 0.372 0.279 0.266 0.338 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
2009 0.404 0.248 0.285 0.256 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
2010 0.359 0.249 0.274 0.286 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
2011 0.530 0.469 0.311 0.228 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
2012 0.595 0.314 0.204 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
2013 0.461 0.341 0.249 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
2014 0.283 0.206 0.219 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
2015 0.344 0.402 0.210 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
2016 0.306 0.200 0.247 0.229 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
2017 0.341 0.297 0.234 0.411 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
2018 0.432 0.266 0.264 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
2019 0.371 0.255 0.213 0.273 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
2020 0.388 0.358 0.270 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
2021 0.238 0.227 0.214 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
Table 4.14. Northeast Arctic haddock. SAM model. Natural mortality estimated.
YEAR RECR_a3 TOTBIO TOTSPB LANDINGS YIELDSSB SOPCOFAC FBAR 4–7
1950 82322 242608 134590 132125 0.9817 1.5897 0.8308
1951 668176 355757 101109 120077 1.1876 1.2272 0.6238
1952 76818 235584 57514 127660 2.2196 1.7404 0.7243
1953 1273827 511706 82577 123920 1.5007 1.4279 0.516
1954 152533 538363 117419 156788 1.3353 1.474 0.3802
1955 68620 485903 178882 202286 1.1308 1.536 0.5115
1956 208519 475076 243748 213924 0.8776 1.2623 0.4328
1957 66143 326445 186311 123583 0.6633 1.2455 0.4325
1958 87000 277063 156999 112672 0.7177 1.1252 0.5185
1959 398046 364914 133327 88211 0.6616 0.9405 0.3672
1960 289305 401199 114679 154651 1.3486 1.0411 0.484
1961 130618 391535 130034 193224 1.4859 0.9942 0.6362
1962 290545 346475 118923 187408 1.5759 1.0518 0.8
1963 340707 310767 82677 146224 1.7686 1.1458 0.8645
1964 397921 301963 63878 99158 1.5523 1.3572 0.6522
1965 124218 358201 95514 118578 1.2415 1.1507 0.4935
1966 293588 387773 127618 161778 1.2677 1.1621 0.583
1967 361942 468013 154613 136397 0.8822 0.9984 0.4147
1968 23929 421571 169561 181726 1.0717 0.9976 0.503
1969 21420 342673 184198 130820 0.7102 0.882 0.3972
1970 202213 286658 156137 88257 0.5653 0.9762 0.3578
1971 122366 345655 168600 78905 0.468 0.7638 0.2465
1972 1250282 618953 123034 266153 2.1632 1.0883 0.6918
1973 341562 603856 114751 322226 2.808 1.1656 0.5365
1974 69144 604062 200865 221157 1.101 0.8946 0.4315
1975 60105 493288 256399 175758 0.6855 0.8957 0.427
1976 66788 307418 206745 137264 0.6639 1.12 0.571
1977 134214 228959 141822 110158 0.7767 1.09 0.6838
1978 213205 255959 130594 95422 0.7307 0.9219 0.5112
1979 175893 318319 129550 103623 0.7999 0.7684 0.5515
1980 34738 343357 133248 87889 0.6596 0.7568 0.3978
1981 13409 293031 148285 77153 0.5203 0.7174 0.4012
1982 17361 211963 127271 46955 0.3689 0.7224 0.3093
1983 9547 104375 71486 24600 0.3441 1.0373 0.2715
1984 13434 83502 64118 20945 0.3267 1.0547 0.2498
1985 288301 182799 62012 45052 0.7265 0.9761 0.32
1986 529639 343729 62307 100563 1.614 1.0484 0.4388
1987 109761 333920 75055 154916 2.064 0.992 0.5958
1988 54831 260035 78423 95255 1.2146 0.9955 0.499
1989 26591 212726 91989 58518 0.6361 0.9774 0.3892
1990 36913 170792 95306 27182 0.2852 1.0159 0.1562
1991 104304 195381 110525 36216 0.3277 1.0374 0.2082
1992 207592 269195 125750 59922 0.4765 0.9797 0.2838
1993 661997 442259 130420 82379 0.6316 1.0031 0.359
1994 292328 544195 145929 135186 0.9264 1.0056 0.425
1995 97829 540315 160502 142448 0.8875 1.0247 0.3825
1996 102157 472986 185986 178128 0.9577 1.0175 0.4235
1997 115574 349747 163846 154359 0.9421 1.0519 0.4862
1998 58300 250014 124862 100630 0.8059 1.0113 0.4235
1999 230885 253171 93537 83195 0.8894 1.021 0.4212
2000 89390 251208 85968 68944 0.802 1.026 0.2802
2001 366156 358759 111533 89640 0.8037 0.9903 0.2792
2002 342698 443732 129987 114798 0.8831 1.011 0.3173
2003 224164 474912 152014 138926 0.9139 1.019 0.4295
2004 225179 456111 158774 158279 0.9969 1.0192 0.3802
2005 347338 471600 169083 158298 0.9362 1.0029 0.491
2006 156884 415058 143388 153157 1.0681 0.9938 0.4062
2007 669958 496939 140637 161525 1.1485 0.9916 0.4245
2008 1343753 741065 146716 155604 1.0606 0.9928 0.3915
2009 1461294 1079206 169829 200061 1.178 1.0019 0.3535
2010 529864 1260008 235707 249200 1.0572 0.9994 0.2935
2011 247471 1284238 340210 309785 0.9106 0.9978 0.3172
2012 389760 1164978 423313 315627 0.7456 0.9994 0.265
2013 157017 997100 470593 193744 0.4117 0.9967 0.1328
2014 388029 1003241 517888 177522 0.3428 0.9968 0.109
2015 106410 946411 533846 194756 0.3648 0.9953 0.1535
2016 259863 858367 507122 233183 0.4598 1.0006 0.2162
2017 187245 736267 426678 227588 0.5334 0.994 0.3318
2018 359770 616476 315843 191276 0.6056 0.9943 0.3988
2019 890210 698113 241945 175402 0.725 0.9963 0.463
2020 442477 745989 210739 182468 0.8658 0.9962 0.478
2021 202490 698772 213623 204743 0.9584 0.9981 0.3925
Table 4.15. Northeast Arctic haddock. Summary XSA (p-shrinkage not applied, F shrinkage= 0.5). Thu Aug 18 19:55:38 2022
Year class Recr. NT1 NT2 NT3 NAK1 NAK2 NAK3 EC01 ECO2
1990 847060 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
1991 398541 NA NA 314.5 NA NA 348.73 NA NA
1992 101169 NA 224.785 54.9 NA 187.96 41.47 NA NA
1993 100698 604.198 199.523 55.8 887.82 88.59 29.97 NA NA
1994 120498 1429.036 265.083 79.6 1198.18 94.52 57.27 NA NA
1995 63525 300.778 90.806 21.7 132.6 26.51 33.78 NA NA
1996 151800 1117.83 196.698 56.9 508.87 150.99 83.67 NA NA
1997 83531 248.274 83.201 24.1 210.96 30.11 36.39 NA NA
1998 369908 1207.984 437.224 294 653.4 404.77 233.45 NA NA
1999 397842 832.297 446.843 312.9 1063.01 266.12 255.2 NA NA
2000 342420 1230.979 475.308 352.2 753.01 267.9 203.68 NA NA
2001 262688 1700.188 471.677 173.1 1315.15 362.35 151.01 NA NA
2002 369114 3327.315 706.61 317.9 2743.74 466.54 221.33 NA 268.462
2003 158484 700.861 386.388 78.8 528.97 143.98 56.32 188.987 114.244
2004 546307 4473.159 1310.216 443.3 2276.46 624.78 209.28 603.787 929.118
2005 1118238 4944.605 1684.829 1591 2091.11 953.5 812.41 2270.189 1818.927
2006 1032328 3731.194 2042.009 1230.4 2015.71 1753.54 883.68 988.391 1291.864
2007 242169 853.093 317.051 102.5 778.39 209.05 128.07 322.015 143.819
2008 118630 562.606 79.895 52.9 443.93 86.03 54.16 134.833 65.087
2009 343696 1634.823 353.866 316.1 1559.42 288.27 191.63 274.353 113.561
2010 120201 676.315 137.384 57.4 428.46 94.54 67.29 105.263 41.529
2011 415161 1866.965 490.28 381.2 1583.44 407.16 334.82 591.096 222.994
2012 73229 344.585 123.954 30.6 292.71 109.92 24.35 155.943 75.054
2013 214907 1281.405 342.024 163.4 1838.71 246.59 71.81 264.813 145.248
2014 197724 1133.967 561.956 134.9 1593.12 107.18 81.15 319.963 144.86
2015 370008 2299.365 770 336.3 1276 331.42 171.03 793.772 189.253
2016 831409 5065.427 1675.638 1075.6 3343.93 810.16 507.61 935.791 NA
2017 449467 3823.293 1125.267 424.2 2925.9 687.8 286.32 NA 585.3
2018 164246 1898.2 267.785 111.35 1544.96 260.72 48.99 379.389 57.781
2019 38431 110.624 24.99 NA 272.94 15.69 NA 26.825 35.878
2020 NA 405.82 110.312 NA 431.68 70.15 NA 107.622 NA
2021 NA 1662.107 NA NA 1797.09 NA NA NA NA
Table 4.16. Northeast Arctic haddock. Input data for recruitment prediction (RCT3)- recruits as 3 year-olds. Recr: recruitment estimate from SAM 2021 NT1: Norwegian Russian winter bottom trawl survey age 1 NT2: Norwegian Russian winter bottom trawl survey age 2 NT3: Norwegian Russian winter bottom trawl survey age 3 NAK1: Norwegian Russian winter acoustic survey age 1 NAK2: Norwegian Russian winter acoustic survey age 2 NAK3: Norwegian Russian winter acoustic survey age 3 ECO1: Ecosystem survey age 1. ECO2: Ecosystem survey age 2. The Russian survey (RT) was discontinued in 2017 and has not been used for recruitment.

Table 4.17. Northeast Arctic haddock Analysis by RCT3 ver3.1 - R translation

Analysis by RCT3 ver3.1 - R translation

Data for 6 surveys over 32 year classes : 1990 - 2021

Regression type = C

Tapered time weighting applied

power = 3 over 20 years

Survey weighting not applied

Final estimates shrunk towards mean

Estimates with S.E.'S greater than that of mean included

Minimum S.E. for any survey taken as 0.2

Minimum of 3 points used for regression

Forecast/Hindcast variance correction used.

yearclass:2019

index slope intercept se rsquare n indices prediction se.pred WAP.weights

NT1 1.0215 4.995 0.3434 0.8510 20 4.715 9.811 0.5359 0.16848

NT2 0.8741 7.181 0.3303 0.8624 20 3.258 10.029 0.4979 0.19522

NAK1 1.2559 3.538 0.5677 0.6762 20 5.613 10.587 0.7527 0.08540

NAK2 0.9759 7.017 0.3423 0.8537 20 2.815 9.764 0.5387 0.16674

EC01 1.1117 5.905 0.4086 0.8127 15 3.326 9.603 0.6636 0.10987

ECO2 0.7930 8.384 0.3955 0.7948 16 3.608 11.245 0.4988 0.19446

VPA Mean NA NA NA NA 29 NA 12.533 0.7786 0.07983

yearclass:2020

index slope intercept se rsquare n indices prediction se.pred WAP.weights

NT1 0.8911 5.978 0.3260 0.8988 20 6.008 11.33 0.3881 0.23212

NT2 0.7932 7.693 0.3079 0.9088 20 4.712 11.43 0.3639 0.26399

NAK1 1.2459 3.582 0.5368 0.7660 20 6.070 11.14 0.6443 0.08422

NAK2 0.8523 7.749 0.3360 0.8933 20 4.265 11.38 0.3983 0.22040

EC01 0.9432 6.939 0.3918 0.8702 16 4.688 11.36 0.4696 0.15854

ECO2 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

VPA Mean NA NA NA NA 30 NA 12.36 0.9267 0.04071

yearclass:2021

index slope intercept se rsquare n indices prediction se.pred WAP.weights

NT1 0.8786 6.056 0.3251 0.9013 19 7.416 12.57 0.3760 0.6516

NT2 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

NAK1 1.2274 3.684 0.5275 0.7762 19 7.494 12.88 0.6160 0.2428

NAK2 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

EC01 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

ECO2 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

VPA Mean NA NA NA NA 30 NA 12.33 0.9337 0.1057

WAP logWAP int.se

yearclass:2019 32378 10.39 0.2200

yearclass:2020 89327 11.40 0.1870

yearclass:2021 303267 12.62 0.3035

From R estimates

2022                
Age N M Mat PF PM SWt Sel CWt
3 38431 0.332 0.03 0 0 0.262 0.030 0.690
4 137815 0.28 0.084 0 0 0.5 0.143 0.918
5 192967 0.232 0.202 0 0 0.785 0.363 1.147
6 201210 0.224 0.411 0 0 1.134 0.597 1.391
7 35275 0.2 0.661 0 0 1.555 0.575 1.709
8 8936 0.2 0.877 0 0 2.227 0.570 1.980
9 4027 0.2 0.947 0 0 2.73 0.570 2.381
10 2003 0.2 0.97 0 0 3.086 0.570 2.635
11 1507 0.2 1.000 0 0 3.669 0.570 2.859
12 763 0.2 1.000 0 0 3.608 0.570 3.190
13 1870 0.2 1.000 0 0 4.058 0.570 3.559
                 
2023                
Age N M Mat PF PM SWt Sel CWt
3 89327 0.332 0.031 0 0 0.361 0.03 0.8
4   0.28 0.081 0 0 0.487 0.143 0.904
5   0.232 0.205 0 0 0.791 0.363 1.153
6   0.224 0.405 0 0 1.12 0.597 1.378
7   0.2 0.637 0 0 1.492 0.575 1.672
8   0.2 0.822 0 0 1.948 0.57 1.974
9   0.2 0.941 0 0 2.65 0.57 2.223
10   0.2 0.974 0 0 3.16 0.57 2.629
11   0.2 1.000 0 0 3.492 0.57 2.819
12   0.2 1.000 0 0 3.837 0.57 3.048
13   0.2 1.000 0 0 3.921 0.57 3.55
                 
2024                
Age N M Mat PF PM SWt Sel CWt
3 303267 0.332 0.031 0 0 0.338 0.03 0.774
4   0.28 0.083 0 0 0.494 0.143 0.912
5   0.232 0.198 0 0 0.773 0.363 1.136
6   0.224 0.408 0 0 1.127 0.597 1.384
7   0.2 0.63 0 0 1.475 0.575 1.661
8   0.2 0.804 0 0 1.875 0.57 1.943
9   0.2 0.908 0 0 2.349 0.57 2.218
10   0.2 0.97 0 0 3.072 0.57 2.505
11   0.2 1.000 0 0 3.572 0.57 2.815
12   0.2 1.000 0 0 3.673 0.57 3.021
13   0.2 1.000 0 0 4.146 0.57 3.437
Table 4.18. Northeast Arctic haddock. Prediction with management option table: Input data (based on SAM estimates

Table 4.19. Northeast Arctic haddock. Prediction with management option table for 2022-2024

(TAC constraint applied for intermediate year)

MFDP R version

Run22 data from file fhcr_fmgmt.xls

2022            
Biomass SSB FMult FBar Landings  
566426 216456 0.7224 0.303 178532    
2023         2024  
Biomass SSB FMult FBar Landings Biomass SSB
476850 231868 0 0 0 599203 321974
. 231868 0.1 0.042 24477 575221 304970
. 231868 0.2 0.0839 47708 552519 288898
. 231868 0.3 0.1259 69759 531028 273707
. 231868 0.4 0.1678 90695 510680 259347
. 231868 0.5 0.2098 110573 491413 245773
. 231868 0.6 0.2517 129452 473169 232941
. 231868 0.7 0.2936 147383 455891 220809
. 231868 0.8 0.3356 164418 439527 209340
. 231868 0.9 0.3776 180603 424027 198496
. 231868 1 0.4195 195985 409343 188243
. 231868 1.1 0.4615 210605 395433 178548
. 231868 1.2 0.5034 224504 382252 169381
. 231868 1.3 0.5454 237720 369762 160712
. 231868 1.4 0.5873 250289 357926 152514
. 231868 1.5 0.6292 262244 346708 144760
. 231868 1.6 0.6712 273619 336074 137427
. 231868 1.7 0.7132 284443 325993 130491
. 231868 1.8 0.7551 294746 316434 123930
. 231868 1.9 0.797 304554 307371 117724
. 231868 2 0.839 313893 298776 111853

Input units are thousands and kg - output in tonnes

MFDP R version Run22 data from file fhcr_fmgmt.xls Fbar age range: 4-7

Year: 2022 F multiplier: 0.7224 Fbar: 0.303  
age CatchN CatchYield F SSB (Jan) StockBiomass (Jan) StockN (Jan)
3 701 484 0.0217 302 10069 38431
4 11825 10856 0.1033 5788 68908 137815
5 39924 45793 0.2622 30599 151479 192967
6 63655 88545 0.4313 93779 228172 201210
7 10942 18700 0.4154 36258 54853 35275
8 2752 5449 0.4117 17453 19900 8936
9 1240 2953 0.4117 10411 10994 4027
10 617 1626 0.4117 5996 6181.3 2003
11 464 1327 0.4117 5529 5529.2 1507
12 235 750 0.4117 2753 2752.9 763
13 576 2050 0.4117 7588 7588.5 1870
TOTAL 132933 178532   216456 566426 624804
Year: 2023 F multiplier: 0.8343 Fbar: 0.35  
age CatchN CatchYield F SSB (Jan) StockBiomass (Jan) StockN (Jan)
3 1880 1504 0.025 1000 32247 89327
4 2654 2399 0.1193 1064 13141 26983
5 22034 25405 0.3029 15232 74303 93936
6 41759 57544 0.4981 53397 131845 117719
7 36375 60820 0.4797 99308 155900 104491
8 6591 13011 0.4756 30527 37137 19064
9 1676 3725 0.4756 12086 12844 4846.9
10 755 1985 0.4756 6723 6902.2 2184.3
11 376 1059 0.4756 3794 3793.8 1086.4
12 283 861 0.4756 3136 3136.4 817.4
13 494 1753 0.4756 5600 5599.8 1428.1
TOTAL 114877 170067   231868 476850 461883
Year: 2024 F multiplier: 0.8343 Fbar: 0.35  
age CatchN CatchYield F SSB (Jan) StockBiomass (Jan) StockN (Jan)
3 6383 4941 0.025 3178 102504 303267
4 6149 5607 0.1193 2563 30878 62507
5 4246 4823 0.3029 2770 13991 18100
6 19519 27014 0.4981 25301 62011 55023
7 19906 33063 0.4797 53135 84341 57180
8 18307 35570 0.4756 79823 99283 52951
9 3354 7439 0.4756 20692 22788 9701.2
10 853 2136 0.4756 7350 7577 2466.4
11 384 1082 0.4756 3970 3970 1111.5
12 191 577 0.4756 2031 2031 552.85
13 395 1358 0.4756 4738 4738 1142.7
TOTAL 79686 123611   205549 434112 564002
Table 4.20. Northeast Arctic haddock. Prediction single option table for 2024-2024 based on HCR

Input units are thousands and kg - output in tonnes

 

Northeast Arctic haddock landings (top left 1950-2021), fishing mortality (top right 1950-2021), recruitment (bottom left 1950-2022), and total stock biomass for ages 3+ (TSB) and spawning-stock biomass (SSB) (bottom right 1950–2022).
Figure 4.1 Northeast Arctic haddock landings (top left 1950-2021), fishing mortality (top right 1950-2021), recruitment (bottom left 1950-2022), and total stock biomass for ages 3+ (TSB) and spawning-stock biomass (SSB) (bottom right 1950–2022).  The reference points in the SSB and TSB plot refers to the spawning stocks biomass. Fishing mortality and total and spawning stock biomass are given with point wise 95% confidence intervals (shaded areas), recruitment is given with upper 95% confidence interval (bar).

 

 

 

grafikk, data
Figure 4.2. Northeast Arctic haddock; on step ahead residuals for the final SAM run 2022. Blue circles indicate positive residuals (observations larger than predicted) and red circles indicate negative residuals.

 

Northeast Arctic haddock. 5 year retrospective plots of SSB (top right), fishing mortality (top left), TSB (bottom left), and recruitment (bottom right) for years 2000–2022 (SAM with 95% confidence intervals).
Figure 4.3. Northeast Arctic haddock. 5 year retrospective plots of SSB (top right), fishing mortality (top left), TSB (bottom left), and recruitment (bottom right) for years 2000–2022 (SAM with 95% confidence intervals). 

 

grafer
Figure 4.4. Results of assessment of NEA haddock. Fbar(4-7), TSB, recruits and SSB from AFWG 2020 (grey), AFWG 2021 (orange) and this year’s (2022) assessment (blue) from 2001 and onwards. The last black squares on the lines for AFWG 2021 (orange) are forecasts for 2022 made last year. .

 

Northeast Arctic haddock. Retrospective plots of SSB, fishing mortality and recruitment for assessment years 1950–2021 ( left - XSA without P shrinkage, F shrinkage= 0.5 ) and right - for assessment years 1990–2021 from the TSVPA model.
Figure 4.5. Northeast Arctic haddock. Retrospective plots of SSB, fishing mortality and recruitment for assessment years 1950–2021 ( left - XSA without P shrinkage, F shrinkage= 0.5 ) and right - for assessment years 1990–2021 from the TSVPA model.

 

grafer
Figure 4.6. Comparison of results of assessment of NEA haddock. Recruits, biomass, spawning biomass and F in 1990–2021 by different models: medium SAM estimates, XSA with setting mentioned at section 4.9 and TISVPA with settings as mentioned at WDXX.

 

 

graf
Figure 4.7 Standard selection pattern model (red) used for short-term forecasts at the current meeting

 

Beaked redfish in subareas 1 and 2 (Northeast Arctic)

4.11 - Status of the fisheries

4.11.1 - Development of the fishery

A description of the historical development of the fishery in subareas 1 and 2 is found in the stock annex for this stock.

An international pelagic fishery for S. mentella in the Norwegian Sea outside EEZs has developed since 2004 (Figure 6.1). This pelagic fishery, which is further described in the stock annex, is managed by the Northeast Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC). Since 2014 the directed demersal and pelagic fisheries are reopened in the Norwegian Economic Zone, the Fisheries Protection Zone around Svalbard and, for pelagic fisheries only, in the Fishing Zone around Jan Mayen. The spatial regulation for this fishery is illustrated in Figures 6.2 and 6.3. In 2021, most of the catches of S. mentella from the Russian and Norwegian fisheries were taken in the Norwegian Exclusive Economic Zone or as bycatch in the Fisheries Protection Zone around Svalbard. Catches in international waters were mainly taken by EU nations.

Figure 6.2 shows the distribution of catch among national fishing fleets for 2018 to 2021 and the location of Norwegian S. mentella catches in the Norwegian EEZ in 2021 as well as bycatch in other areas. The 44th Session of the Joint Norwegian-Russian Fisheries Commission decided to split the total TAC among countries as follows: Norway: 72%, Russia: 18%, Third countries: 10% (as bycatch in the fishery protection zone at Svalbard (Spitsbergen): 4.1%, and international waters of the Norwegian Sea (NEAFC-area): 5.9%). This split was reconducted at the 51st session of the commission in 2021.

4.11.2 - Bycatch in other fisheries

During 2003–2013, all catches of S. mentella, except the pelagic fishery in the Norwegian Sea outside EEZ, were taken as bycatches in other fisheries. Some of the pelagic catches are taken as bycatches in the blue whiting and herring fisheries. From 2014 onwards most of the catch is taken as targeted catch and no longer as bycatch, following the opening of a targeted fishery in the Norwegian EEZ, Svalbard Fisheries Protection Zone and around Jan Mayen. When fishing for other species it has since 2013 been allowed to have up to 20% redfish (both species together) in round weight as bycatch outside 12 nautical miles and only 10% bycatch inside 12 nautical miles to better protect S. norvegicus.

4.11.3 - Landings prior to 2021 (Tables 6.1–6.7, Figure 6.1)

Nominal catches of S. mentella by country for subareas 1 and 2 combined are presented in Table 6.1, while they are presented for Subarea 1 and divisions 2.a and 2.b in Tables 6.2–6.4. The pelagic catch of S. mentella in the Norwegian Sea outside EEZs reported to NEAFC and/or ICES amounted to 7 739 t in 2018, 6060 t in 2019, 5469 t in 2020 and 2 872 t in 2021, and is shown by country in Table 6.5. Nominal catches for both redfish species combined (i.e. S. mentella and S. norvegicus) by country are presented in Table 6.6. The sources of information used are catches reported to ICES, NEAFC, Norwegian and Russian authorities (foreign vessels fishing in the Norwegian and Russian economic zones) or direct reporting to the AFWG. Where catches are reported as Sebastes sp., they are split into S. norvegicus and S. mentella by AFWG experts based on available correlation between official catches of these two species in the considered areas. All tables have been updated for 2020, and new figures presented for 2021. Total international landings in 1952–2021 are also shown in Figure 6.1.

In 2014, ICES advised that the annual catch in 2015, 2016, and 2017 should be set at no more than 30 000 t and in 2017, ICES advised that the annual catch in 2018 should not exceed 32 658 t. Following the benchmark (WKREDFISH, ICES 2018a) and the subsequent evaluation of a management plan for the stock (WKREBMSE, ICES 2018b) ICES advised an annual catch of no more than 53 757 t for 2019 and 55 860 t in 2020, corresponding to a fishing mortality of F = 0.06. This was continued in 2020, when ICES advised an annual catch of no more than 66 158 t in 2021 and 67 210 t in 2022, still corresponding to F = 0.06.

Because of the novelty of the situation, related with reopening fisheries after 10 years of its ban, the total landings of S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2 in 2014, demersal and pelagic catches, amounted to only 18 426 t. The total landings of the demersal and pelagic fishery increased to 34 754 t in 2016, 30 783 t in 2017, 38 046 t in 2018, 45 640 t in 2019, 53 631 t in 2020 and 63 482 t in 2021. Of this, 2 872 t were reported from the pelagic fishery in international waters of the Norwegian Sea. The total landings in 2017 and 2018 were respectively 783 t and 5 388 t above the TAC advised by ICES, but were 8 117 t, 2 229 t and 2 676 t below TAC in 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively. Norway caught the major share of the demersal catches, but Russian demersal catches increased substantially after 2017, particularly in ICES Division 2.b.

The redfish population in Subarea 4 (North Sea) is believed to belong to the Northeast Arctic stock. Since this area is outside the traditional areas handled by this Working Group, the catches are not included in the assessment. The total redfish landings (golden and beaked redfish combined) from Subarea 4 have up to 2003 been 1000–3000 t per year. Since 2005 the annual landings from this area have varied between 89 and 341 t (Table 6.7).

4.11.4 - Expected landings in 2022

ICES has advised on the basis of precautionary considerations that the annual catch should be set at no more than 67 210 t in 2022. The 51st sessions of the Joint Norwegian-Russian Fisheries Commission decided to follow this advice.

In 2022 Norwegian fishing vessels, can catch and land up to 44 291 t of redfish in the Norwegian economic zone (NEZ) in a limited area north of 65°20’N (see map in Figure 6.3), in international waters and the fisheries zone around Jan Mayen. Of this quantity, 100 t are allocated to cover bycatch in other fisheries and 52 t for research/surveillance and education purposes, while the remaining 43 139 t can be taken in a directed fishery. Only vessels with cod and saithe trawl permits can participate in the directed fishery for redfish. Each vessel which has the right to participate is assigned a maximum quota, which can be adjusted during the year, per how much of the national quota is exploited. The fishery may be stopped if the total quota is reached. This quota must also cover catches of redfish (both species) in other fisheries. It is prohibited to fish for redfish with bottom trawls in the period from 1 March until 10 May. Investigations were conducted in 2015–2016 to see if the protection of females during the main time of larvae release should be improved by extending the period of prohibited fishing until later in May, and to see if the area south of Bear Island (Area 20 in Figure 6.3) can be opened for directed fishing, either with or without sorting grid, and permissions were granted to a small number of vessels of the Norwegian reference fleet for an earlier onset of fishing to gain further data. The hitherto conclusion is that males dominated the catches (more than 70%) in the main fishing areas south and southwest of Bear Island during the investigations from late April until the directed fishery started on 10 May, and that the area south of Bear Island should stay closed during January-February due to smaller S. mentella inhabiting this area at the beginning of the year. 

Since 2015, Russia has had access to the NEZ when fishing their quota share. In 2022 Russia may fish 12 098 t (18%) plus 2000 t transferred from Norway to Russia. Apart from this an additional 2100 t were transferred from Norway to Russia and the EU to cover bycatch of redfish (both species) in their fisheries targeting other species. The remaining 6721 t are divided between third countries in the NEZ and Svalbard Zone (2755 t) and the NEAFC areas (3966 t). Catch in the NEAFC areas in 2021 amounted to 2872 t while the catch in the national economic zones of Norway and Russia as well as the fisheries protection zone around Svalbard was 60 610 t. The total catch in 2021 was 2676 t lower than the advised TAC. Norwegian catches up to week 33 were 32 295 t, which is about 9 000 tonnes less than at the same time of 2021. This indicates that the Norwegian quota is unlikely to be exhausted as there is usually little redfish catch in autumn.

4.12 - Data used in the assessment

Analytical assessment was conducted for this stock following recommendation from the benchmark assessment working group (WKREDFISH, ICES 2018a). Input datasets were updated with the most recently available data. The analytical assessment, based on a statistical catch-at-age model (SCAA), covers the period 1992–2020. The input data consists of the following tables:

  • Total catch in tonnes (Table 6.1)

  • Catch in tonnes in the pelagic fishery Norwegian Sea outside EEZs (Table 6.5)

  • Total catch numbers-at-age 6–19+ (Table 6.8)

  • Catch numbers-at-age 7–19+ in the pelagic fishery (Table 6.9)

  • Weight-at-age 2–19+ in the population (Table 6.12)

  • Maturity-at-age 2–19+ in the population (Table 6.14)

  • Russian autumn survey numbers-at-age 0–11 (Table 6.15)

  • Ecosystem survey numbers-at-age 2–15 (Table 6.17)

  • Winter survey numbers-at-age 2–15 (Table 6.18b)

  • Deep pelagic ecosystem survey proportions-at-age (Table 6.19)

There was no direct observation of catch numbers-at-age for the pelagic fishery in the Norwegian Sea outside EEZs in 2012–2021. Instead, numbers-at-age were estimated based on catch-at-age from previous or following year, and weight-at-age and fleet selectivities (section 6.2.2 in AFWG report 2013). In 2013, 2016 and 2019, observations from the scientific survey in the Norwegian Sea were used to derive numbers-at-age in the pelagic fishery. This was considered appropriate given that the survey operates in the area of the fishery, with a commercial pelagic trawl and at the time of the start of the fishery.

4.12.1 - Length- composition from the fishery (Figure 6.4)

Comparison of length distributions of the Norwegian and Russian catches of S. mentella in 2019–2021 are shown in Figure 6.4. In 2020, the Russian and Norwegian fleets fished smaller fish than in 2019, reflecting good year classes due to enter the fishable stock. After 2019 length of beaked redfish in Norwegian catches was larger than in Russian catches. This is probably due to differences in the fishing areas. The Russian fleet largely operated in area 2b, and the Norwegian fleet in area 2a.

4.12.2 - Catch-at-age (Tables 6.8–6.11, Figure 6.5)

Catch-at-age in the Norwegian fishery was estimated using ECA for 2014 and 2020. For 2015, 2016 and 2018, it was not possible to run ECA and the catch-at-age for the Norwegian Fishery was estimated using the older Biomass program in SAS (Table 6.8). Not enough age readings were available to estimate catch-at-age in 2017, 2019 and 2021. For the pelagic fisheries 2017, 2018, 2020 and 2021 (Table 6.9) proportions-at-age in the catch were derived from proportions at-age in earlier years, weight-at-age and fleet selectivity (section 6.2.2 in AFWG report 2013).

This procedure for estimating catch-at-age for recent years in which age data are not available is somewhat problematic. This is because the last year of observation has a large effect on the estimated catch-at-age for several years. At the assessment working group in 2017 and at the benchmark assessment in January 2018, the last year of observations for the catch-at-age was 2014 and the values for the years 2015 and 2016 were extrapolated. Once available, the data for 2015 (demersal) and 2016 (pelagic) were substantially different from these earlier extrapolations. In the 2022 assessment the catch-at-age observations in 2018, had a large effect on the years around it, producing a very large proportion of the 19+ class in the catch and a correspondingly high F19+. As the age structure in 2018 was based on less than 1000 aged fish it was decided to use a time-averaged age-length-key (ALK) to convert the length distribution in 2017-2019 and in 2021 to an age distribution. The time-averaged ALK is based on the Norwegian age-length data back to 2009, excluding the years 2017, 2019 and 2021 and on commercial catches with demersal gears. The conversion still produced a fraction of the 19+-group of >60% but F19+ was lower than in the standard method.

Several other options were considered. Firstly, extrapolation as in the standard method but extrapolating also the 19+-group and then rescaling to sum up to 100%, rather than calculating the 19+ as the difference between other ages and 100%. Secondly, calculating the fraction of each age-class as an average of the same cohort’s fraction in the year before and after. Thirdly, as an average of the fraction of the same age-class in the last 3 years with data or last 3 calendar years. Finally, using a combined Russian-Norwegian ALK for individual years. Whilst some of these options produced lower fishing mortalities for the 19+-group, the change in observed selectivity for the demersal catches since 2017 remained largely the same. Therefore, the option of a common ALK across years was chosen because a as the option with the most sensible underlying reasoning.

Age composition of the Russian and Norwegian catches in 2021 was calculated using the age–length key, based on Russian age readings. The joint age–length key for the last three years (2019–2021) was applied. In general, the age distribution in the Norwegian fishery was shifted towards older fish compared to the Russian fishery. In the Russian catches fish at age 15–16 dominated, while in the Norwegian catches 16–17 years old made up the majority of the catches. (Figure 6.5). The proportion (by numbers) of individuals at age 18 and older in the Norwegian catches was almost twice as large as in the Russian ones.

Age–length-keys for S. mentella are uncertain because of the slow growth rate of individuals and therefore these data should be used with caution. Given that age is difficult to derive from length it is important that age readings are available for the most recent years, at the time of the working group.

4.12.3 - Weight-at-age (Tables 6.12, 6.13, Figures 6.6, 6.7)

In earlier assessment, weight-at-age in the stock was set equal to the weight-at-age in the catch. This turned out to be problematic because of important fluctuations in reported weight-at-age in the catch that cannot be explained biologically (i.e. these are noisy data). In 2015, it was advised to either use a fixed weight-at-age for the 19+ group, or use a modelled weight-at-age based on catch and survey records (Planque, 2015). The second option was chosen. Weight-at-age in the population was modelled for each year using mixed-effect models of a von Bertalanffy growth function (in weight). In 2018 an attempt was made to model weight-at-age for each cohort (rather than each year of observation). This showed that the growth function is nearly invariant between cohorts. Therefore, it was decided to use a fixed (i.e. common to all years) weight-at-age as input to the Statistical Catch-at-age model. The observed and modelled weight-at-age are presented in Table 6.12 as well as Figures 6.6 and 6.7.

4.12.4 - Maturity-at-age (Table 6.14, Figure 6.8)

The proportion maturity-at-age was estimated for individual years using a mixed-effect statistical model (Table 6.14, Figure 6.8). The modelled values of maturity-at-age for individual years are used in the analytical assessment models, except in 2008, 2011 and 2017–2021 when the fixed effects only were considered, at least in the two latest years due to a lack of age data.

4.12.5 - Natural mortality

In previous years, natural mortality for S. mentella was set to 0.05 for all ages and all years. This was based on life-history correlates presented in Hoenig (1983). Thirty-nine alternative mortality estimates were explored during the benchmark workshop, based on the review work by Kenchington (2014) and several additional recent papers (Then et al., 2014; Hamel, 2014; Charnov et al., 2013). Overall, the mode of these natural mortality estimates is 0.058 which departs only slightly from the original estimate of 0.050 (Figure 6.9). WKREDFISH (ICES, 2018a) decided to continue using 0.050 as the value of M in the assessment model. These estimates were updated for a peer-reviewed paper submitted in 2022 (Höffle and Planque, in revision) with 44 estimators resulting in a mode of the distribution of 0.07.

Figure 6.10 shows cod’s predation on juvenile (5–14 cm) redfish during 1984–2020. This time-series confirms the presence of redfish juveniles and may be used as an indicator of redfish abundance. A clear difference is seen between the abundance/consumption ratio in the 1980s and at present. A change in survey trawl catchability (smaller meshes) from 1993 onwards (Jakobsen et al., 1997) and/or a change in the cod’s prey preference may cause this difference. As long as the trawl survey time-series has not been corrected for the change in catchability, the abundance index of juvenile redfish less than 15 cm during the 1980s might have been considerably higher, if this change in catchability had been corrected for. The decrease in the abundance of young redfish in the surveys during the 1990s is consistent with the decline in the consumption of redfish by cod. It is important that the estimation of the consumption of redfish by cod is being continued.

4.12.6 - Scientific surveys

Following a dedicated review, AFWG approved the use of the new SToX versions of winter and ecosystem surveys for use in the S.s mentella assessment (WD 17 and WD 18 in AFWG 2020). The group recommended that the data be monitored annually to identify if a significant portion of the mentella stock moves east of the strata system. The group further recommended that work continues to investigate redfish-specific strata systems for the winter survey.

The results from the following research vessel survey series were evaluated by the Working Group:

4.12.6.1 - Surveys in the Barents Sea and Svalbard area (Tables 1.1, 1.2, 6.15–6.18, Figures 6.11, 6.12)

Russian bottom-trawl survey in the Svalbard and Barents Sea areas in October-December for 1978–2015 in fishing depths of 100–900 m (Table 6.15, Figure 6.11). ICES acronym: RU-BTr-Q4.

Russian-Norwegian Barents Sea ‘Ecosystem survey’ (bottom-trawl survey, August-September) from 1986–2019 in fishing depths of 100–500 m (Figures 6.11–6.12). Data disaggregated by age for the period 1992–2019 (Tables 6.16b-6.17). ICES acronym: Since 2003 part of Eco-NoRu-Q3 (BTr), survey code: A5216.

Winter Barents Seabed-trawl survey (February) from 1986–2014 (jointly with Russia since 2000, except 2006 and 2007) in fishing depths of 100–500 m (Figures 6.11–6.12). Data disaggregated by age for the period 1992–2011 and 2013 (Table 6.18b). ICES acronym: BS-NoRu-Q1 (BTr), survey code: A6996.

The Norwegian survey initially designed for redfish and Greenland halibut is now part of the ecosystem survey and covers the Norwegian Economic Zone (NEZ) and Svalbard Fisheries Protection Zone incl. north and east of Spitsbergen during August 1996–2012 from less than 100 m to 800 m depth. This survey includes survey no. 2 above, and has been a joint survey with Russia since 2003, and since then called the Ecosystem survey. ICES acronym: Eco-NoRu-Q3 (Btr), survey code: A5216.

4.12.6.2 - Pelagic survey in the Norwegian Sea (Table 6.19, Figures 6.13, 6.14)

The international deep pelagic ecosystem survey in the Norwegian Sea (WGIDEEPS, ICES 2016, survey code: A3357) monitors deep pelagic ecosystems, focusing on beaked redfish (S. mentella). The latest survey was conducted in the open Norwegian Sea from 22 July until 12 August 2022, following similar surveys in 2008, 2009, 2013, 2016 and 2019. The spatial coverage of the 2022 survey and the catch rates of beaked redfish in the 2019 survey are presented in Figure 6.13. The survey is scheduled every third year. Estimated numbers-at-age from this survey were presented at the benchmark assessment in 2018 and used in the SCAA model. Data for 2016 was updated in 2019, using additional age readings and numbers-at-age for the 2019 survey were presented during AFWG 2020, used in the assessment and updated for AFWG 2021. The details of the data preparation, using StoX, are available from WD7 of AFWG 2018 (Planque et al., 2018). The data used as input to the analytical assessment consists of proportions-at-age from age 2 to 75 years (Figure 6.14).

4.12.6.3 - Additional surveys (Figures 6.15–6.17)

The international 0-group survey in the Svalbard and Barents Sea areas in August-September 1980–2021, is now part of the Ecosystem survey (Figures 6.15 and 6.16). ICES acronym: Eco-NoRu-Q3 (Btr), survey code: A5216.

A slope survey, “Egga-sør survey” was carried out by IMR from 25 March to 20 April 2022, following similar surveys in 2009, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2018 and 2020. The spatial coverage of the 2022 survey and the distribution of beaked redfish registered by acoustic is presented in Figure 6.17. Egga-Sør and Egga-Nord surveys operate on a biennial basis. The length and age distributions of beaked redfish from these surveys show consistent ageing in the population and gradual incoming of new cohorts after the recruitment failure period. These surveys are considered as candidates for data input to the analytical assessment of S. mentella (see also Planque, 2016).

4.13 - Assessment

The group performed the analytical assessment using the statistical catch-at-age (SCAA) model reviewed at the benchmark in January 2018 (WKREDFISH, ICES 2018a). The model was configured as the benchmark baseline model which includes 53 parameters to be estimated and the model converged correctly.

4.13.1 - Results of the assessment (Tables 6.20, 6.21, Figures 6.18–6.24)

4.13.1.1 - Stock trends

The temporal patterns in recruitment-at-age 2 (Figures 6.18, 6.21) confirm the previously reported recruitment failure for the year classes 1996 to 2003 and indicate a return to high levels of recruitment. The estimates of year-class strength for recent years are uncertain due to limited age data from the winter and ecosystem surveys. Modelled spawning-stock biomass (SSB) has increased from 1992 to 2007 (Table 6.21). In the late 2000s the total-stock biomass (TSB) consisted of a larger proportion of mature fish than in the 1990s. This is reversing as individuals from new successful year classes, but still immature, are growing. TSB has increased from about 1.0 to slightly below 1.5 million tonnes in the last 10 years (Table 6.21 and Figures 6.21–6.22). The concurrent decline in SSB from 2007 to 2014 can be attributed to the weak year classes (1996–2003) entering the mature stock. This trend has levelled off and SSB increases again. SSB at the start of 2022 is estimated at 996 124 t.

4.13.1.2 - Fishing mortality (Tables 6.20a,b–6.21, Figure 6.19)

The patterns of fleet selectivity-at-age indicate that most of the fish captured by the demersal fleet as well as the pelagic fleet in 2021 are of age 16 and older (Tables 6.20a,b and Figure 6.19). Model results at the benchmark workshop did show a gradual shift in the demersal selectivity towards older ages, a shift that was not observed after the 2015 catch-at-age data were incorporated in the model. This shift towards older ages is now again visible in the data from 2017 onwards, similar to what was observed in 2014. In 2021 F19+ is estimated at 0.01 (Table 6.21), with 0.091 for the demersal and 0.006 for the pelagic fleets (Table 6.20a), respectively.

4.13.1.3 - Survey selectivity patterns (Figure 6.20)

Winter and ecosystem surveys selectivity at age are very similar and show reduced selectivity for age 8 years and older, which is consistent with the known geographical distribution of different life stages of S. mentella (Figure 6.20). Conversely, the Russian survey shows a reduced selectivity for age 7 years and younger. This is believed to result from gear selectivity.

4.13.1.4 - Residual patterns (Figure 6.23)

Residual patterns in catch and survey indices are presented in Figure 6.23a-e. There is generally no visible trend in the residuals for the Russian groundfish survey neither by age nor by year. Trends in residuals are visible in recent years for winter and ecosystem surveys and will need to be investigated further. Alternative methods for the estimation of the survey selectivity patterns will be investigated in the benchmark assessment planned for 2024 and could resolve the issue. Residual patterns for the demersal fleet indicate a similar fit of the model compared to AFWG 2018, when a time varying selectivity-at-age for this fleet was introduced.

4.13.1.5 - Retrospective patterns (Figure 6.24)

The historical and analytical retrospective patterns for the years 2007 to 2016 are presented in Figures 6.24 and 6.25. All model parameters were estimated in each individual run. The most recent model run (last year of data 2021) is consistent with previous runs. Estimated SSB is increased As in 2018 the SSB time-series is smoother than before, due to fixed weight-at-age for every year. The new estimates for winter and Ecosystem surveys in 2020 led to an increase in estimated SSB, up to 19% in the early years and around 7% to 9% in later years. Contrarily, the 2021 update revised SSB moderately down, by about 5% to 6%. SSB in 2021 is again revised upwards by about 10% across the assessment period. The benchmark run stands out and this is due to the unavailability of recent catch-at-age data during the benchmark assessment (see section 6.2.2). The analytical retrospectives back to 2018 showed likewise a higher SSB but with a lesser increase, ranging around 3% for much of the assessment period and dropping to the 1% range in the later years. The analytical retrospectives showed a consistent pattern for F12-18 until 2017 when it started to deviate. Likewise, the pattern for F19+ was very similar in the analytical retrospectives. Retrospective bias (Mohn’s rho) over the last 5 assessments was -0.3% for recruitment, -24% for F(19+) and -7% for SSB.

4.13.1.6 - Projections

FMSY at age 19+ is approximated using F0.1 and estimated at 0.084 (section 1.4 of the WKREBMSE report 2018b).

The estimated fishing mortality in 2021 is: F19+ = 0.01.

If the fishing mortality is maintained, this is expected to lead to a catch of 64 159 t in 2022, about 3000 tonnes below the advised TAC of 67 210 t. This would lead to a SSB of 1 018 117 t in early 2023, catches of 66 779 t in 2023 and a SSB of 1 040 323 t in 2024.

Lowering F19+ to the precautionary approach (F19+ = 0.06) advice, in 2023–2025 would lead to average catches of 45 150 t during that period and a SSB of 1 131 595 t by 2026 (SSB at the start of 2021 is estimated at 976 956 t).

These projections assume that the selectivity patterns of the demersal and pelagic fleets are identical with those estimated for 2021. It is also assumed that the ratio of fishing mortality between these two fleets remains unchanged.

4.13.1.7 - Additional considerations

Historical fluctuations in the recruitment-at-age 2 (Figures 6.18 and 6.21) are consistent with the 0-group survey index (Figure 6.16), although the 0-group survey index is not used as an input to the SCAA.

The population age structure derived from the model outputs for the old individuals (beyond 19+, Figure 6.22) is consistent with the age structure reported from the slope surveys although these are not yet used as input to the model.

Recent recruitment levels estimated with SCAA are highly uncertain since they rely on only a few years of observations and since the age readings from winter survey were not available for years 2014–2022. The use of the autoregressive model for recruitment (random effects in the SCAA) which was introduced in 2018 allows for a projection of the recruitment in recent years, despite the current lack of age data.

4.13.1.8 - Assessment summary (Table 6.21, Figure 6.21)

The history of the stock as described by the SCAA model for the period 1992–2021 is summarized in Table 6.21 and Figure 6.21. The key elements are as follows:

  • upward trend in Total-stock biomass from 1992 to 2006 followed by stabilization until 2011 and a new upward trend until the present,

  • upward trend in spawning-stock biomass from 1992 to 2007 followed by stabilization (or slight decline) until 2014 and subsequent increase,

  • recruitment failure for year classes 1996–2003 (2y old fish in 1998–2005),

  • good (although uncertain) recruitment for year classes born after 2005. Age data for recruits (at age 2y) after 2014 is limited.

  • Annual fishing mortality for the 19+ group throughout the assessment period varied between 0.003 and 0.097.

4.14 - Comments to the assessment

Currently, the survey series used in the SCAA do not appropriately cover the geographical distribution of the adult population. Data from the pelagic survey in the Norwegian Sea has been reviewed in the last benchmark and is now included in the assessment model. Priority should be given to including additional data from the slope surveys that include older age groups, in the analytical assessment in future (WD 5 in 2016).

The SCAA model relies on the availability of reliable age data in surveys and in the catch. Although additional age reading since the last assessment has improved reliability, it requires a continuous effort to keep these data at an appropriate level.

4.15 - Biological reference points

The proposed reference points estimated during the workshop on the management plan for S. mentella in (ICES 2018b) were:

Reference point Value
Blim 227 000 t
Bpa 315 000 t
FMSY19+= F0.1 0.084

Which are revised from those set during the benchmark in the same year (ICES 2018a) which were Bpa = 450 kt, Blim = 324 kt and FMSY19+ = F0.1 = 0.08.

4.16 - Management advice

The present report updates the assessment and advises that when the status quo approach is applied, catches in 2023 should be no more than 66 779 tonnes, and catches in 2024 should be no more than 70 164 tonnes. This would correspond to a fishing mortality of F19+ = 0.097, whilst fishing pressure across the fishable age-classes would remain nearly constant.

4.17 - Possible future development of the assessment

Many developments suggested in earlier years were presented and evaluated at the benchmark in January 2018. These include integrating a stochastic process model i) for recruitment-at-age 2, ii) for the annual component of fishing mortalities, and iii) to account for annual changes in fleet selectivities-at-age. In addition, iv) a right trapezoid population matrix, v) coding of older ages into flexible predefined age-blocks, and vi) integrating of data from pelagic surveys in the Norwegian Sea were implemented. The purpose of these new features was to reduce the number of parameters to estimate (i, ii), include new data on the older age fraction of the population (iv, v, vi) and account for possible temporal changes in selectivity linked to changes in the national and international fisheries and their regulations (iii).

Recommendations that have been followed since comprise:

  • An increase in the number of age readings from surveys and from the fishery, particularly for recent years.

  • Use of a standardized method (StoX) for the determination of numbers-at-age in the surveys. The use of StoX for survey indices was evaluated at the beginning of AFWG 2020.

Future developments for the assessment of S. mentella may possibly include:

  • Use of a standardized method (ECA) for the determination of numbers-at-age in the catch.

  • A genetic-based method for rapidly identifying Sebastes species (S. norvegicus, S. mentella, S. viviparus);

  • Direct use of length information (as in GADGET);

  • Development of a joint age–length key for calculation of age composition of all S. mentella catches.

  • Development of a joint model for S. mentella and S. norvegicus which can include uncertainty in species identification and reporting of catch of Sebastes sp.

Implementing the current model in a more generic framework (SAM or XSAM) would provide a set of diagnostic tools and the wider expertise shared by the groups developing these models. The new version of GADGET, running the currently used TMB-package in the background, may provide an opportunity to put both species on the same platform.

Further studies of redfish mortality at young age, including a scientific publication, should be carried out. These studies should also take account of historic estimates of bycatch. Variable M by age and possibly time period could then be incorporated in the assessment.

4.18 - References

Charnov, E.L., Gislason, H., and Pope, J.G. 2013. Evolutionary assembly rules for fish life histories. Fish Fish. 14(2): 213-224.

Hamel, O.S. 2014. A method for calculating a meta-analytical prior for the natural mortality rate using multiple life history correlates. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 72(1): 62-69.

Höffle H. and Tranang C. A. 2020. Use of RstoX for recalculating numbers at age of Sebastes mentella from the joint NOR-RUS Barents Sea Ecosystem Survey in summer and autumn. WD18 - ICES AFWG2020.

Höffle H. and Planque B. (in revision). Natural mortality estimations for beaked redfish (Sebastes mentella) - a long-lived ovoviviparous species of the Northeast Arctic. Fisheries Research11 pp.

Hoenig, J. M. 1983. Empirical use of longevity data to estimate mortality rates. Fisheries Bulletin U.S. 81:898-903.

ICES 2013. Report of the Arctic Fisheries Working Group, Copenhagen, 18-24 April 2013. ICES C.M. 2013/ACOM:05, 726 pp.

ICES 2016. Final Report of the Working Group on International Deep Pelagic Ecosystem Surveys (WGIDEEPS). ICES CM, ICES CM 2016/SSGIEOM:02: 21pp.

ICES. 2018a. Report of the Benchmark Workshop on Redfish Stocks (WKREDFISH), 29 January-2 February 2018, Copenhagen, Denmark. ICES CM 2018/ACOM:34. 174 pp.

ICES. 2018b. Report of the Workshop on the evaluation of harvest control rules for Sebastes mentella in ICES areas 1 and 2 (WKREBMSE), June–August 2018, by correspondence. ICES CM 2018/ACOM:52. 32 pp.

Jakobsen, T., Korsbrekke, K., Mehl, S., and Nakken, O. 1997. Norwegian combined acoustic and bottom trawl surveys for demersal fish in the Barents Sea during winter. ICES CM 1997/Y:17.

Kenchington, T.J. Natural mortality estimators for information‐limited fisheries. Fish and Fisheries, 2014, 15.4: 533-562.

Planque, B. 2015. S. mentella assessment - handling the +group.: WD03 - ICES AFWG2015. 8 pp.

Planque, B. 2016. Possible use of the Pelagic and slope surveys in the analytical assessment of Sebastes mentella in ICES areas 1 and 2.: WD05 - ICES AFWG2016. 6 pp.

Planque, B., Vollen, T., Höffle, H., Harbitz A., 2018. Use of StoX for estimating numbers@age of Sebastes mentella from the international deep pelagic ecosystem survey in the Norwegian Sea.: WD07 - ICES AFWG2018. 38 pp.

Then, A. Y., Hoenig, J. M., Hall, N. G., and Hewitt, D. A. 2018. Evaluating the predictive performance of empirical estimators of natural mortality rate using information on over 200 fish species. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 75: 1509–1509. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsx199 (Accessed 18 January 2021).

Tranang C. A., Vollen T. and Höffle H. 2020. Use of StoX for recalculating numbers at age and numbers at length of Sebastes norvegicus from the Barents Sea NOR-RUS demersal fish cruise in winter.: WD17 - ICES AFWG2020. 60 pp.

4.19 - Tables and figures

Year   Estonia Faroe Islands France Germany Greenland Iceland Ireland Latvia Lithuania Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Russia Spain UK Total
1998   - 20 73 100 14 - 9 - - - 9733 13 125 3646 177 134 14 045
1999   - 73 26 202 50 - 3 - - - 7884 6 65 2731 29 140 11 209
2000   - 50 12 62 29 48 1 - - - 6020 2 115 3519 87 130 10 075
2001   - 74 16 198 17 3 4 - - - 13 937 5 179 3775 90 120 18 418
2002   15 75 58 99 18 41 4 - - - 2152 8 242 3904 190 188 6993
2003   - 64 22 32 8 5 5 - - - 1210 7 44 952 47 124 2520
2004 Sweden - 1 - 588 13 10 4 10 3 - - - 1375 42 235 2879 257 76 5493
2005   5 1147 46 33 39 4 4 - - 7 1760 - 140 5023 163 95 8465
2006 Canada - 433 396 3808 215 2483 63 2513 4 341 845 - 4710 2496 1804 11 413 710 1027 33 261
2007   684 2197 234 520 29 1587 17 349 785 - 3209 1081 1483 5660 2181 202 20 219
2008   - 1849 187 16 25 9 9 267 117 13 2220 8 713 7117 463 83 13 096
2009 EU - 889 - 1343 15 42 - 33 - - - 3 2677 338 806 3843 177 80 10 246
2010   - 979 175 21 12 2 - 243 457 - 2065 - 293 6414 1184 79 11 924
2011   - 984 175 835 - 2 - 536 565 - 2471 11 613 5037 1678 55 12 962
2012   - 259 - 517 - 36 - 447 449 - 2114 318 1038 4101 1780 - 11 059
2013   - 697 - 80 21 1 - 280 262 - 1750 84 1078 3677 1459 - 9389
2014   - 743 215 446 15 - - 215 167 3 13 149 103 505 1704 1162 - 18 426
2015   - 657 49 242 48 3 - 537 192 3 19 433 5 678 1142 2529 52 25 570
2016   - 502 134 493 74 24 0 1243 1065 - 18 191 208 1066 8419 3213 122 34 754
2017   4 443 45 763 66 3 - 562 790 - 17 077 102 1060 6593 2838 436 30 783
2018   - 425 67 2473 82 10 - 1020 1010 374 18 594 275 699 10 497 2457 63 38 046
2019   - 156 370 1599 615 10 - - 653 244 23 844 471 1422 13 444 2222 590 45 640
2020   - 149 163 1807 62 5 - 2 1081 1483 32 950 4 870 13 874 744 437 53 631
20211   - 290 218 1166 85 6 - - 1379 - 43797 2 381 14 887 615 655 63 482
Table 6. 1 . S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Nominal catch (t) by countries in Subarea 1, divisions 2.a and 2.b combined.

1 - Provisional figures.

Year Faroe Islands France Germany Greenland Iceland Lithuania Norway Poland Portugal Russia Spain UK Total
1998 20 - - - - - 26 - - 378 - - 424
1999 69 - - - - - 69 - - 489 - - 627
2000 - - - - 48 - 47 - - 406 - - 501
2001 - - - - 3 - 8 - - 296 - - 307
2002 - - - - - - 4 - - 587 - - 591
2003 - - - - - - 6 - - 292 - - 298
2004 - - - - - - 2 - - 355 - - 357
2005 - - - - - - 3 - - 327 - - 330
2006 2 - - - - - 12 - - 460 - 2 476
2007 - - - - 8 - 11 - - 210 - 20 249
2008 - - - - - - 5 - - 155 - 2 162
2009 - - - - 8 - 3 - - 80 - - 91
2010 - - - - - - 20 - - 10 - - 30
2011 - - - - - - 48 - - 13 - - 61
2012 - - - - - - 34 - - 17 - - 51
2013 - - - - - - 64 - - 27 - - 91
2014 - - - - - - 159 - - 63 - - 222
2015 - - - 18 - - 138 1 - 125 - - 282
2016 - - - - - - 225 1 - 229 342 - 797
2017 - - - 12 - - 207 3 - 196 - - 418
2018 - - 19 26 3 - 255 - - 376 - - 679
2019 83 4 - 13 - 1 369 16 1 206 19 4 715
2020 35 12 6 18 1 - 335 3 2 118 1 - 532
20211 87 31 - 14 - - 195 - 4 367 1 - 699
Table 6. 2 . S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Nominal catch (t) by countries in Subarea 1.

1 - Provisional figures.

Year   Faroe Islands France Germany Greenland Iceland Ireland Lithuania Latvia Norway Portugal Poland Russia Spain UK Total
1998   - 73 58 14 - 6 - - 9186 118 - 2626 55 106 12 242
1999   - 16 160 50 - 3 - - 7358 56 - 1340 14 120 9117
2000   50 11 35 29 - - - - 5892 98 - 2167 18 103 8403
2001   63 12 161 17 - 4 - - 13 636 105 - 2716 18 95 16 827
2002   37 54 59 18 41 4 - - 1937 124 - 2615 8 157 5054
2003   58 18 17 8 5 5 - - 1014 17 - 448 8 102 1700
2004 Sweden - 1 555 8 4 4 10 3 - - 987 86 - 2081 7 18 3764
2005   1101 36 17 38 2 4 - - 1083 71 - 3307 20 15 5694
2006 Estonia - 396 Canada – 433 3793 199 2475 52 2513 3 845 - 4010 1731 2467 10 110 589 958 30 574
2007 Estonia - 684 2157 226 519 29 1579 16 785 349 3043 1395 1079 5061 2159 120 19 201
2008 Netherlands - 13 1821 179 9 24 9 9 117 267 1952 666 1 6442 430 62 12 001
2009 EU – 889 1316 7 23 - 25 - - - 2208 764 338 3305 137 62 9074
2010   961 175 13 12 2 - 457 243 1705 246 - 5903 1183 55 10 955
2011   932 175 697 - 2 - 561 536 1682 599 - 4326 1656 19 11 185
2012   259 - 469 - 32 - 449 447 1500 1038 311 3478 1770 - 9753
2013 NL 675 - 24 21 1 - 262 280 871 1055 68 3293 1435 - 7985
2014 2 728 209 411 15 - - 167 215 4089 505 100 1334 1159 - 8934
2015 3 657 49 236 25 3 - 192 537 11 410 678 3 480 2508 47 16 828
2016   495 107 493 61 - 24 1065 1243 8887 1052 183 3949 2862 71 20 492
2017   425 38 763 44 3 - 790 562 7348 1059 94 3922 2813 429 18 287
2018 374 400 47 2440 51 7 - 1010 876 14 057 699 272 4721 2435 62 27 451
2019 244 73 363 1599 59 10 - 652 - 17741 1421 455 7366 2184 569 32 736
2020 1483 112 146 1797 41 4 - 1081 - 22 854 868 - 6085 737 403 35 613
20211 - 151 182 1128 70 6 - 1379 - 35 799 377 - 6008 535 552 46187
Table 6. 3 . S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Nominal catch (t) by countries in Division 2.a (including landings from the pelagic trawl fishery in the international waters).

1 - Provisional figures.

Year   Netherlands Faroe Islands France Germany Greenland Ireland Norway Poland Portugal Russia Spain Denmark UK Total
1998   - - - 42 - 3 521 13 7 642 122 - 29 1379
1999   - 4 10 42 - - 457 6 9 902 15 - 20 1465
2000   - - 1 27 - 1 82 2 17 946 69 - 27 1172
2001   - 11 4 37 - - 293 5 74 763 72 Estonia 25 1284
2002   - 38 4 40 - - 210 8 118 702 182 15 31 1348
2003   - 6 4 15 - - 190 7 27 212 39 - 22 522
2004   - 33 5 6 - - 386 42 149 443 250 - 58 1372
2005 Iceland - 2 7 46 10 17 1 - 673 - 69 1389 143 5 80 2442
2006   - 13 16 8 11 1 688 29 73 843 121 - 67 1870
2007   - 40 8 1 - 1 155 2 88 389 22 - 62 768
2008   - 28 8 7 1 - 263 6 47 520 33 - 19 932
2009 Canada - 3 3 27 8 19 - - 466 1 42 458 41 - 17 1085
2010   - 18 - 8 - - 339 - 47 501 1 - 24 938
2011 LT - 4 - 52 - 139 - - 741 11 14 698 23 - 36 1717
2012 Iceland - 4 - - - 48 - - 581 7 - 606 10 - - 1256
2013   - 22 - 56 - - 815 16 23 357 23 - - 1312
2014   1 15 6 34 - - 8901 3 - 307 3 - - 9270
2015   - - - 6 5 - 7885 1 - 536 21 - 5 8459
2016   - 7 27 - 14 - 9078 24 14 4241 9 - 50 13 464
2017   - 18 7 1 10 - 9522 5 1 2476 25 4 7 12 075
2018 LT - 144 - 25 20 14 6 - 4281 3 - 5400 22 - 1 9915
2019   - - 4 - 543 - 5734 - - 5873 19 - 17 12 190
20201 LV - 2 - 2 5 4 2 - 9760 - - 7671 6 - 34 17 486
20211   - 52 6 38 1   7803 2 - 8512 79 1 103 16 596
Table 6. 4 . S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Nominal catch (t) by countries in Division 2.b.

1 - Provisional figures.

Year   Estonia Faroe Islands France Germany Iceland Latvia Lithuania Norway Poland Portugal Russia Spain UK Total
2002   - - - 9 - - - - - - - - - 9
2003   - - - 40 - - - - - - - - - 40
2004   - 500 - 2 - - - - - - 1510 - - 2012
2005   - 1083 - 20 - - - - - - 3299 - - 4402
2006 CAN - 433 396 3766 192 2475 2510 341 845 2862 2447 1697 9390 575 841 28 770
2007   684 1968 226 497 1579 349 785 1813 1079 1377 3645 2155 - 16 157
2008   - 1797 - - - 267 117 330 - 641 4901 390 - 8443
2009 EU - 889 - 1253 - - - - - - 337 701 1975 135 - 5290
2010   - 912 - - - 243 457 450 - 244 5103 820 - 8229
2011   - 740 175 693 - 536 561 342 - 595 3621 1648 - 8911
2012   - 259 - 469 31 447 449 - 311 1038 2714 1768 - 7486
2013   8 675 - - - 280 262 1 68 1078 2720 1435 - 6527
2014   - 697 - 409 - 215 167 - 100 505 795 1146 - 4034
2015   - 606 - 231 - 537 192 - - 678 - 2508 - 4752
2016   - 393 - 493 - 1243 1065 9 - 821 512 2862 - 7398
2017 NL - 296 - 761 - 562 790 - 14 791 1014 2624 - 6852
2018 374 - 400 - 2192 - 876 1010 - 116 372 - 2399 - 7739
2019 244 Greenland - 298 1157 - - 652 1 364 1096 117 1908 223 6060
2020 1366 3 - 73 1380 - - 1081 - - 480 25 737 324 5469
20211 - - - 117 514 - - 1379 - - 84 498 280 - 2872
Table 6. 5 . S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Nominal catch (t) by countries of the pelagic fishery in international waters of the Norwegian Sea (see text for further details).

1 - Provisional figures.

Year Latvia Lithuania Estonia Faroe Islands France Germany4 Greenland Iceland Ireland Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Russia5 Spain UK (E&W) UK (Scot.) Total
1984 - - - - 2970 7457 - - - - 18 650 - 1806 69689 25 716 - 101 313
1985 - - - - 3326 6566 - - - - 20 456 - 2056 59943 38 167 - 92 552
1986 - DK - 29 2719 4884 - - - - 23 255 - 1591 20694 - 129 14 53 315
1987 - + - 4503 1611 5829 - - - - 18 051 - 1175 7215 25 230 9 34 595
1988 - - - 973 3349 2355 - - - - 24 662 - 500 9139 26 468 2 41 494
1989 - - - 338 1849 4245 - - - - 25 295 - 340 14344 52 271 1 46 688
1990 - 373 - 386 1821 6741 - - - - 34 090 - 830 18918 - 333 - 63 156
1991 - 23 - 639 791 981 - - - - 49 463 - 166 15354 1 336 13 67 768
1992 CAN 9 - 58 1301 530 614 - - - 23 451 - 977 4335 16 479 3 31 773
1993 83 4 - 152 921 685 15 - - - 18 319 - 1040 7573 13 734 1 29 465
1994 - 28 - 26 771 1026 6 4 3 - 21 466 - 985 6220 34 259 13 30 841
1995 - - - 30 748 693 7 1 5 1 16 162 - 936 6985 67 252 13 25 900
1996 - - - 423 746 618 37 - 2 - 21 675 - 522 1641 409 305 121 26 118
1997 - - - 7 1011 538 392 - 11 - 18 839 1 535 4556 308 235 29 26 109
1998 - - - 98 567 231 473 - 28 - 26 273 13 131 5278 228 211 94 33 200
1999 - - - 108 613 430 97 14 10 - 24 634 6 68 4422 36 247 62 30 195
2000 - - - 673 25 222 51 65 1 - 19 052 2 131 4631 87 - 2036 24 536
2001 - - - 1113 46 436 34 3 5 - 23 071 5 186 4738 91 - 2396 28 965
2002 - - 15 1353 89 141 49 44 4 - 10 713 83 276 4736 1932 - 2346 16 636
2003 S - - 1733 30 154 443 9 53 89 8063 7 50 1431 472 - 2586 10 360
2004 1 - - 607 173 78 243 40 3 33 760812 42 240 36012 2602 - 1456 12 699
2005 CAN LT 5 1194 56 105 753 122 43 552 784512 - 196 5637 1713 - 1476 15 502
2006 433 845 396 3919 223 2518 1073 25443 123 21 11 015 24962 1873 12126 7192 - 10666 40 649
2007 LV 785 684 2343 249 587 843 16552 73 20 89932 10812 1708 6550 21862 - 2576 27 591
2008 267 117 - 21233 250 46 963 363 153 15 74361 8 785 7866 4672 EU7 1686 19 695
2009 - - - 1413 16 100 81 99 - 4 8128 338 836 4541 177 889 1116 16 733
2010 2433 4573 - 1150 226 52 843 243 - - 8059 13 321 6979 1187 - 1236 18 906
2011 536 565 - 10082 228 844 51 24 - 1 7152 59 638 5956 16842 - 686 18 814
2012 447 449 - 346 182 588 58 59 12 5 6361 352 1055 4782 17802 DK 1006 16 576
2013 280 262 - 780 353 81 66 9 1 - 5606 103 1114 4474 1459 1 4936 15 082
2014 215 167 - 810 434 452 35 29 - 4 16 556 124 510 2510 1162 - 2116 23 219
2015 537 192 - 733 102 266 259 38 - 3 22 208 22 678 1806 2531 1 1096 29 485
2016 1243 1065 - 685 164 497 161 79 - - 22 322 234 1066 9283 32013 7 1986 40 217
2017 562 790 4 566 62 782 127 68 - 2 20 581 129 1150 7890 2882 - 5966 36 192
2018 1020 1010 - 571 104 2539 159 77 - 374 23 563 311 766 12 331 2469 1 1006 45 395
2019 - 656 - 392 395 1692 671 93 - 244 29 795 491 1495 15 373 2287 - 6156 54 199
2020 2 1081 - 315 164 1895 161 57 - 1483 39 453 13 956 16 489 750   4566 63 277
20211 - 1379 - 613 224 1242 177 78 - - 51 498 22 441 16 624 623   7516 73 675
Table 6. 6 . REDFISH in subareas 1 and 2. Nominal catch (t) by countries in Subarea 1, divisions 2.a and 2.b combined for both S. mentella and S. norvegicus.

1 - Provisional figures.

2 - Working Group figure.

3 - As reported to Norwegian authorities or NEAFC.

4 - Includes former GDR prior to 1991.

5 - USSR prior to 1991.

6 - UK(E&W) + UK(Scot.)

7 - EU not split on countries.

Year Belgium Denmark Faroe Islands France Germany Ireland Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Sweden UK (Scot.) Total
1998 2 27 12 570 370 4 21 1113   - - 749 2868
1999 3 52 1 - 58 39 16 862   - - 532 1563
2000 5 41 - 224 19 28 19 443   - - 618 1397
2001 4 96 - 272 13 19 + 421   - - 538 1363
2002 2 40 2 98 11 7 + 241   - - 524 925
2003 1 71 2 26 2 - - 474   - - 463 1039
2004 + 42 3 26 1 - - 287   - - 214 578
2005 2 34 - 10 1 - - 84   - - 28 159
2006 1 49 1 12 3 - - 163 - 33 - 79 341
2007 + 27 - 8 1 - - 116 1 - - 77 230
2008 + 3 - 8 1 - - 77 - - 1 54 144
2009 + 4 1 38 + - - 119 - - + 86 248
2010 - 5 - 3 - - - 62 - - + 150 220
2011 - 9 - 90 1 - - 66 - - + 71 237
2012 - 10 - 19 + - - 71 - - + 87 187
2013 - 7 - 40 + - - 54 - - - 176 277
2014 - - - 32 1 - - 146 - - + 93 272
2015 + 1 - 14 1 - - 157 - - + 61 234
2016 - 3 - 11 + - - 180 - - + 22 216
2017 - 3 - 10 + - - 168 - - + 38 21
2018 - 10 - 4 - - - 71 - - + 29 114
20191 - 7 + 10 + - + 62 - - + 10 89
2020 - 10 - 4 + - + 54 - - + 27 95
20211 - 4 - 11 + - + 30 - - + 123 168
Table 6. 7 . REDFISH in Subarea 4 (North Sea). Nominal catch (t) by countries as officially reported to ICES. Not included in the assessment.

1 - Provisional figures.

+ denotes less than 0.5 tonnes.

Year/Age 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 +gp Total No. Tonnes Land.
1992 1 873 2 498 1 898 1 622 1 780 1 531 2 108 2 288 2 258 2 506 2 137 1 512 677 9 258 33 946 15 590
1993 159 159 174 512 2 094 3 139 2 631 2 308 2 987 1 875 1 514 1 053 527 6 022 25 154 12 814
1994 738 730 722 992 2 561 2 734 3 060 1 535 2 253 2 182 3 336 1 284 734 3 257 26 118 12 721
1995 662 941 1 279 719 740 1 230 2 013 4 297 3 300 2 162 1 454 757 794 2 404 22 752 10 284
1996 223 634 1 699 1 554 1 236 1 078 1 146 1 413 1 865 880 621 498 700 2 247 15 794 8075
1997 125 533 1 287 1 247 1 297 1 244 876 1 416 1 784 1 217 537 1 177 342 3 568 16 650 8598
1998 37 882 2 904 4 236 3 995 2 741 1 877 1 373 1 277 1 595 1 117 784 786 6 241 29 845 14 045
1999 9 83 441 1 511 2 250 3 262 1 867 1 454 1 447 1 557 1 418 1 317 658 3 919 21 193 11 209
2000 1 24 390 1 235 2 460 2 149 1 816 1 205 1 001 993 932 505 596 5 705 19 012 10 075
2001 117 372 542 976 925 1 712 2 651 2 660 1 911 1 773 1 220 714 814 16 234 32 621 18 418
2002 2 40 252 572 709 532 1 382 1 893 1 617 855 629 163 237 4 082 12 965 6993
2003 6 37 103 93 132 220 384 391 434 466 513 199 231 1 193 4 402 2520
2004 7 16 70 96 278 429 611 433 1 063 813 830 841 607 3 076 9 170 5493
2005 2 20 57 155 244 262 295 754 783 1 896 817 1 087 1 023 6 065 13 460 8465
2006 0 4 3 38 64 121 423 1 461 1 356 2 835 4 271 3 487 3 969 32 084 50 116 33 261
2007 0 1 3 22 33 86 235 631 2 194 2 825 3 657 4 359 3 540 15 824 33 410 20 219
2008 0 0 1 10 46 100 197 469 612 1 502 1 384 894 1 886 11 906 19 007 13 096
2009 0 1 16 22 42 39 254 258 577 364 823 692 1 856 11 706 16 650 10 246
2010 10 4 6 19 34 55 61 241 267 390 566 655 667 13 879 16 854 11 924
2011 4 4 4 25 55 114 11 103 286 394 408 479 567 15 223 17 677 12 962
2012 4 24 29 24 26 66 69 78 80 279 387 365 409 13 332 15 172 11 056
2013 0 3 19 101 90 44 41 42 9 177 146 185 317 12 826 14 000 9389
2014 14 27 338 95 114 92 147 54 108 68 248 287 193 23 101 24 886 18 426
2015 43 41 134 565 843 1 355 1 245 717 385 945 289 595 871 29 441 37 469 25 570
2016 40 0 977 667 3 350 2 579 2 983 1 995 1 964 1 269 1 342 1 256 1 108 36 719 56 249 34 754
2017 36 187 403 461 1 042 1 431 1 226 1 370 1 222 1 648 1 462 1 272 1 786 32 989 46 535 30 783
2018 50 319 611 822 1 363 2 481 2 663 2 825 2 816 2 872 2 623 1 804 2 353 41 030 64 632 38 046
2019 129 447 809 1 257 2 122 2 225 2 024 2 238 2 394 3 141 2 814 1 982 2 511 45 497 69 590 45 640
2020 5 14 571 231 2 023 1 277 1 732 3 179 2 592 2 537 3 768 3 291 3 000 47 712 71 932 53 631
2021 79 470 1 007 1 280 2 286 2 825 2 247 2 827 3 127 4 297 4 038 2 879 3 656 60 437 91 455 63 482
Table 6. 8 . S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Catch numbers-at-age 6 to 18 and 19+ (in thousands) and total landings (in tonnes). For the periods 2014–2015, 2017-2018 and 2020-2021, age data are missing from the pelagic fishery. For the years 2017, 2019 and 2021, age data are missing from the demersal fishery fisheries. The numbers-at-age have been estimated following the method outlined in section 6.2.2.
    Numbers 103       Age        
YEAR 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19+
2006 0 0 0 0 23 93 1 083 323 1 563 3 628 2 514 3 756 29 704
2007 0 0 9 18 25 154 444 1 642 2 302 3 021 3 394 3 156 12 684
2008 0 0 0 0 28 146 115 143 214 594 752 753 13 258
2009 0 0 0 0 9 1 314 294 471 889 999 869 1 150 2 981
2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 155 74 135 224 356 458 12 497
2011 0 0 0 0 0 223 83 83 168 136 166 136 13 182
20121 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 227 90 139 206 10 087
20132 0 0 78 27 28 0 0 0 94 28 104 168 9 473
20143 0 0 0 74 24 25 0 0 0 58 16 57 4 920
20153 0 0 0 0 170 54 51 0 0 0 84 22 6 343
20163 0 0 154 307 271 276 134 90 107 239 445 229 10 499
20173 0 0 0 238 462 390 370 165 100 109 226 402 8 349
20183 0 0 0 0 691 1 281 1 008 874 352 195 198 393 12 659
2019 25 5 200 400 220 242 197 279 183 155 135 161 6 696
20204 0 44 8 345 672 353 362 270 345 206 163 136 5 496
20214 0 0 45 8 339 631 309 290 195 228 127 96 2 380
Table 6. 9 . Pelagic S. mentella in the Norwegian Sea (outside the EEZ). Catch numbers-at-age.

1 - No age data in 2012, catch numbers-at-age are estimated from proportions at age in 2011 and in 2013.

2 - No age data from the catches in 2013. Age readings from the research survey conducted in September 2013 are used to derive catch numbers-at-age.

3 - No age data in 2014 – 2018, catch numbers-at-age are estimated from previous year according to protocol described in section 6.2.2.

4 - No age data in 2020-2021, catch numbers-at-age are estimated from previous year according to protocol described in section 6.2.2.

Year Length group
  18–20 20–22 22–24 24–26 26–28 28–30 30–32 32–34 34–36 36–38 38–40 40–42 42–44 44–46 46–48 48–50 50–52
2011 0 12 0 0 1 8 249 2544 6481 6528 3620 829 95 18 1 0 0
2012 0 0 23 19 26 28 41 287 1898 5030 5385 1911 451 197 43 23 0
2013 0 0 4 32 154 137 90 69 1382 4214 4480 1633 497 197 0 0 0
2014 0 5 0 25 29 235 660 697 3358 7667 8544 3808 787 34 0 0 0
2015 Data not available at the time of the working group
2016 Data not available at the time of the working group
2017 Data not available at the time of the working group
2018 Data not available at the time of the working group
2019 Data not available at the time of the working group
2020 Data not available at the time of the working group
2021 Data not available at the time of the working group
Table 6. 10 . S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Total catch numbers-at-length, in thousands, for 2011–2021.
  Length group
Year 18–20 20–22 22–24 24–26 26–28 28–30 30–32 32–34 34–36 36–38 38–40 40–42 42–44 44–46 46–48 48–50 50–52
2011 0 0 0 0 1 8 244 2562 5887 4425 1537 287 13 0 1 0 0
2012 0 0 0 0 0 0 106 2014 5092 3681 952 48 0 0 0 0 0
2013 0 0 0 0 0 0 75 1352 4791 2967 730 87 6 0 0 0 0
2014 0 0 0 0 0 3 14 349 2408 2454 827 80 6 1 0 0 0
2015 Data not available at the time of the working group
2016 Data not available at the time of the working group
2017 Data not available at the time of the working group
2018 Data not available at the time of the working group
2019 Data not available at the time of the working group
2020 Data not available at the time of the working group
2021 Data not available at the time of the working group
Table 6. 11 . S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Catch numbers-at-length, in thousands, in the pelagic fishery for 2011–2021.
Year/Age 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19+
1992 0.167 0.164 0.211 0.241 0.309 0.324 0.378 0.366 0.428 0.454 0.487 0.529 0.571 0.805
1993 0.141 0.181 0.217 0.254 0.306 0.357 0.349 0.4 0.45 0.436 0.46 0.499 0.462 0.846
1994 0.174 0.188 0.235 0.298 0.361 0.396 0.415 0.48 0.492 0.562 0.642 0.636 0.72 0.846
1995 0.158 0.185 0.226 0.261 0.324 0.36 0.432 0.468 0.496 0.519 0.566 0.573 0.621 0.758
1996 0.175 0.189 0.224 0.272 0.323 0.337 0.377 0.518 0.536 0.603 0.69 0.8 0.683 0.958
1997 0.152 0.191 0.228 0.28 0.324 0.367 0.435 0.492 0.521 0.615 0.601 0.611 0.671 0.911
1998 0.12 0.148 0.192 0.261 0.326 0.373 0.427 0.496 0.537 0.566 0.587 0.625 0.658 0.809
1999 0.133 0.17 0.226 0.286 0.343 0.382 0.441 0.483 0.537 0.565 0.62 0.644 0.672 0.757
2000 0.109 0.144 0.199 0.276 0.332 0.392 0.437 0.49 0.54 0.585 0.631 0.65 0.671 0.872
2001 0.115 0.137 0.183 0.262 0.31 0.356 0.4 0.434 0.484 0.534 0.581 0.615 0.624 0.819
2002 0.114 0.139 0.182 0.253 0.329 0.372 0.392 0.434 0.476 0.52 0.545 0.587 0.601 0.833
2003 0.109 0.124 0.196 0.245 0.312 0.371 0.422 0.434 0.477 0.516 0.551 0.591 0.623 0.817
2004 0.104 0.129 0.18 0.264 0.308 0.376 0.413 0.444 0.478 0.521 0.579 0.614 0.688 0.835
2005 0.104 0.136 0.196 0.263 0.322 0.37 0.408 0.451 0.478 0.523 0.55 0.551 0.64 0.797
2006 0.107 0.143 0.2 0.266 0.314 0.374 0.419 0.462 0.489 0.527 0.57 0.602 0.59 0.796
2007 0.115 0.131 0.18 0.252 0.305 0.364 0.409 0.449 0.485 0.513 0.523 0.554 0.569 0.737
2008 0 0.158 0.177 0.242 0.304 0.402 0.465 0.486 0.511 0.546 0.6 0.596 0.635 0.803
2009 0.129 0.179 0.206 0.249 0.326 0.394 0.51 0.55 0.542 0.583 0.609 0.594 0.595 0.809
2010 0.129 0.128 0.175 0.263 0.375 0.447 0.501 0.541 0.582 0.602 0.593 0.608 0.592 0.706
2011 0.136 0.156 0.183 0.261 0.316 0.435 0.512 0.604 0.655 0.609 0.671 0.647 0.677 0.795
2012 0.135 0.178 0.225 0.246 0.249 0.356 0.474 0.582 0.53 0.626 0.654 0.73 0.699 0.833
2013 0.129 0.145 0.189 0.23 0.27 0.282 0.345 0.384 0.534 0.559 0.634 0.627 0.661 0.72
2014 0.193 0.172 0.221 0.167 0.192 0.239 0.333 0.277 0.364 0.516 0.713 0.78 0.797 0.882
2015 0.167 0.168 0.232 0.294 0.346 0.383 0.457 0.436 0.474 0.538 0.665 0.69 0.724 0.824
20161 0.11 0 0.331 0.356 0.401 0.392 0.434 0.486 0.543 0.579 0.74 0.591 0.598 0.776
2017 0.154 0.196 0.254 0.27 0.306 0.413 0.425 0.458 0.533 0.472 0.562 0.65 0.692 0.796
20181 0 0.233 0.135 0.371 0.323 0.28 0.379 0.452 0.524 0.633 0.483 0.589 0.457 0.821
20191 0.118 0.38 0.341 0.47 0.538 0.523 0.539 0.565 0.572 0.62 0.656 0.601 0.633 0.744
Modelled 0.141 0.188 0.237 0.286 0.334 0.381 0.424 0.465 0.503 0.537 0.569 0.597 0.623 0.755
Table 6. 12 . S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Observed mean weights-at-age (kg) from the Norwegian data (Catches and surveys combined). Weights-at-age used in the statistical catch-at-age model are identical for every year and given at the bottom line of the table.

1 - Provisional figures.

Year/ Age 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19+
2006 0.44 0.44 0.52 0.44 0.49 0.55 0.53 0.56 0.61
2007 0.39 0.43 0.41 0.48 0.50 0.52 0.55 0.57 0.64
2008 0.36 0.47 0.56 0.50 0.56 0.54 0.56 0.55 0.64
2009 0.38 0.44 0.45 0.48 0.54 0.59 0.64 0.58 0.69
2010 - - 0.62 0.56 0.54 0.59 0.59 0.56 0.61
2011 - 0.48 0.54 0.54 0.64 0.59 0.54 0.59 0.59
2012 No data - - - - - - - -
20132 0.31 - - - 0.56 0.62 0.60 0.62 0.68
2014 No data - - - - - - - -
2015 No data - - - - - - - -
2016 No data - - - - - - - -
2017 No data - - - - - - - -
2018 No data - - - - - - - -
2019 No data - - - - - - - -
2020 No data - - - - - - - -
20211 No data - - - - - - - -
Table 6. 13 . Pelagic S. mentella in the Norwegian Sea (outside the EEZ). Catch weights-at-age (kg).

1 - Provisional figures.

2 - As observed in the research survey in the Norwegian Sea in September 2013.

year/Age 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19+
1992 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.14 0.26 0.42 0.53 0.59 0.65 0.70 0.75 1.00
1993 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.15 0.28 0.44 0.55 0.61 0.67 0.72 0.77 0.82 1.00
1994 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.15 0.28 0.44 0.59 0.72 0.81 0.88 0.93 0.96 0.98 1.00
1995 0.03 0.07 0.13 0.24 0.39 0.57 0.71 0.83 0.90 0.95 0.97 0.98 0.99 1.00
1996 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.10 0.19 0.33 0.50 0.59 0.66 0.73 0.79 0.84 1.00
1997 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.16 0.29 0.46 0.55 0.61 0.66 0.71 0.76 0.80 0.84 1.00
1998 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.15 0.26 0.43 0.56 0.65 0.73 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.93 1.00
1999 0.03 0.05 0.10 0.20 0.34 0.51 0.57 0.64 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.84 0.87 1.00
2000 0.03 0.06 0.11 0.21 0.36 0.52 0.63 0.73 0.81 0.87 0.91 0.94 0.96 1.00
2001 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.09 0.17 0.30 0.47 0.56 0.62 0.68 0.74 0.79 0.83 1.00
2002 0.02 0.05 0.10 0.19 0.33 0.50 0.54 0.59 0.63 0.67 0.70 0.74 0.77 1.00
2003 0.03 0.06 0.12 0.21 0.36 0.51 0.57 0.63 0.69 0.73 0.78 0.82 0.85 1.00
2004 0.03 0.06 0.12 0.22 0.37 0.51 0.55 0.59 0.63 0.67 0.70 0.73 0.76 1.00
2005 0.02 0.05 0.09 0.18 0.31 0.49 0.55 0.61 0.66 0.71 0.75 0.79 0.83 1.00
2006 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.07 0.13 0.24 0.39 0.53 0.59 0.64 0.70 0.75 0.79 1.00
2007 0.02 0.04 0.09 0.17 0.30 0.47 0.64 0.77 0.87 0.93 0.96 0.98 0.99 1.00
20081 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.15 0.27 0.43 0.55 0.62 0.68 0.74 0.79 0.83 0.87 1.00
2009 0.02 0.04 0.09 0.17 0.30 0.47 0.60 0.71 0.80 0.87 0.92 0.95 0.97 1.00
2010 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.16 0.28 0.45 0.54 0.60 0.66 0.71 0.76 0.80 0.83 1.00
20111 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.15 0.27 0.43 0.55 0.62 0.68 0.74 0.79 0.83 0.87 1.00
2012 0.02 0.05 0.10 0.19 0.32 0.50 0.59 0.68 0.75 0.81 0.86 0.90 0.93 1.00
2013 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.15 0.28 0.45 0.62 0.77 0.87 0.93 0.97 1.00
2014 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.06 0.12 0.23 0.38 0.53 0.61 0.68 0.74 1.00
2015 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.09 0.17 0.31 0.48 0.54 0.58 0.63 0.67 0.71 0.74 1.00
2016 0.03 0.06 0.12 0.22 0.38 0.52 0.56 0.61 0.66 0.70 0.74 0.77 0.81 1.00
20171 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.15 0.27 0.43 0.55 0.62 0.68 0.74 0.79 0.83 0.87 1.00
20181 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.15 0.27 0.43 0.55 0.62 0.68 0.74 0.79 0.83 0.87 1.00
20191 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.15 0.27 0.43 0.55 0.62 0.68 0.74 0.79 0.83 0.87 1.00
20201 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.15 0.27 0.43 0.55 0.62 0.68 0.74 0.79 0.83 0.87 1.00
20211 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.15 0.27 0.43 0.55 0.62 0.68 0.74 0.79 0.83 0.87 1.00
Table 6. 14 . Proportion of maturity-at-age 6–19+ in S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2 derived from Norwegian commercial and survey data. The proportions were derived from samples with at least 5 individuals. a50 w1 and w2 are the annual coefficients for modelled maturity ogives using a double half sigmoid of the form 0.5 ((1+tanh(age- a50)/w1)) for age < a50 and 0.5 (1+tanh((age- a50)/w2) for age > a50. a50 equals the age at 50% maturity.

1 - Model parameter estimates were unrealistic and replaced by average parameter values.

Year class 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
1974 - - 4.8 - 4.9 22.8 4.8 4.8 - - - 3
1975 - 7.4 - 1.7 6.4 2.4 3.5 5 - - 4 -
1976 7 - 8.1 1.2 2.5 6.8 4.9 5 1 13 - -
1977 - 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.9 5.1 3.7 1 19 2 - -
1978 0.8 0.02 0.9 1 5 3.8 2 20 6 - - -
1979 - 1.9 1.4 3.6 2.3 9 11 16 1 - - 0.1
1980 0.3 0.4 2 2.5 16 6 11 25 2 - 1.5 2
1981 - 2.2 3.9 20 6 12 47 18 6.3 1.6 0.5 1
1982 19.8 13.2 13 15 34 44 39 32.6 4.3 3.1 4.9 +
1983 12.5 3 5 6 31 34 32.3 13.3 4 4.2 0.6 1.1
1984 - 10 2 - 5 18.3 19 2.2 2.4 0.2 1.7 2.4
1985 107 7 - 1 5.2 16.2 1.7 1.7 0.6 2.8 3.8 0.3
1986 2 - 1 1.8 8.4 3.6 2.1 1.2 5.6 8.2 0.9 0.7
1987 - 3 37.9 1.3 8 4.1 2 10.6 9.6 1.4 2 1.3
1988 4 58.1 4.3 13.3 25.8 3.9 8.6 11.2 2.8 4.2 3 4.7
1989 8.7 9 17 23.4 4.6 5.4 4 6.6 6.6 4.1 7.7 5.3
1990 2.5 6.3 6.1 1 4.3 1.7 11.5 6.5 5.5 6.7 7.4 3.6
1991 0.3 1 0.5 1.5 1.2 11.3 3.9 3.3 4.6 5.8 2.7 1.9
1992 0.6 + 0.2 0.1 4.3 1.3 2 2.3 4.9 2.3 1 4.1
19931 - + 1.5 1.8 1 1.2 3 4.2 2.6 2 3.2 2.1
1994 0.3 3.5 1.7 1.7 0.9 3.6 5.2 4.3 3.1 3.3 1.8 1.2
1995 2.8 1 1.1 0.4 2.2 2.6 3.5 3.4 2.9 1.2 1 8.5
19962 + 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.7 1.1 1 1.4 1 0.8 3.7 0.6
1997 - - + 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.9 0.6 1 1.1 0.5 0.4
1998 - 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 1.1 0.5 0.7 1 0.4 0.4 0.7
1999 0.1 - 0.1 + 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.6
2000 - 0.6 0.1 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.3
2001 - 0.1 0.4 - 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.8 0.1 1
20023 0.1 0.5 0.1 - - 0.1 0.5 0.4 1.5 0.5 1 1.1
2003 - - 0.1 - 0.3 1.0 0.5 4.8 2.1 3.7 1.3 1.9
2004 - 0.2 0.3 0.5 1.5 0.9 4.4 3.7 7.5 4.1 3.1 3.3
2005 - - 1.4 1.9 1.4 2.3 3.9 7.2 6.1 6.8 3.1  
20064 0.1 1.8 1.2 1.1 0.8 2.1 4.1 3.0 6.1 5.9    
2007 2.5 0.4 0.1 1.2 1.7 2.4 3.6 4.3 7.4      
2008 0.1 0.1 1.6 1.8 4.1 2.9 5.8 5.5        
2009 1.6 1.9 1.1 4.4 4.8 2.9 4.8          
2010 7.5 0.7 1.2 1.5 1.9 1.6            
2011 0.1 0.3 0.6 1.6 1.6              
2012 0.2 0.7 0.5 0.3                
2013 0.1 0.1 0.4                  
2014 3.6 1.0                    
2015 6.6                      
Table 6. 15 . S. mentella. Average catch (numbers of specimens) per hour trawling of different ages of S. mentella in the Russian groundfish survey in the Barents Sea and Svalbard areas (1976–1983 published in Annales Biologiques). The survey was not conducted in 2016 took place in 2017 with insufficient coverage and was terminated after that year.

1 - Not complete area coverage of Division 2.b.

2 - Area surveyed restricted to Subarea 1 and Division 2.a only.

3 - Area surveyed restricted to Subarea 1 and Division 2.b only.

4 - Area surveyed restricted to divisions 2.a and 2.b only.

Year Length group (cm)
  5.0–9.9 10.0–14.9 15.0–19.9 20.0–24.9 25.0–29.9 30.0–34.9 35.0–39.9 40.0–44.9 > 45.0 Total
19862 6 101 192 17 10 5 2 4 0 337
19872 20 14 140 19 6 2 1 2 0 204
19882 33 23 82 77 7 3 2 2 0 229
1989 556 225 24 72 17 2 2 8 4 910
1990 184 820 59 65 111 23 15 7 3 1287
1991 1533 1426 563 55 138 38 30 7 1 3791
1992 149 446 268 43 22 15 4 7 4 958
1993 9 320 272 89 16 13 3 1 0 723
1994 4 284 613 242 10 9 2 2 1 1167
1995 33 33 417 349 77 18 5 1 0 933
1996 56 69 139 310 97 8 4 1 1 685
1997 3 44 13 65 57 9 5 0 0 195
1998 0 37 35 28 132 73 45 2 0 352
1999 3 3 124 62 260 169 42 1 0 664
2000 0 10 30 59 126 143 21 1 0 391
2001 1 5 3 32 57 227 50 3 0 378
2002 1 4 6 21 62 266 47 4 0 410
2003 1 5 7 11 51 244 45 1 0 364
2004 0 2 8 6 14 78 49 2 0 160
2005 22 1 4 4 10 70 47 1 0 158
2006 85 6 5 7 43 200 108 3 0 457
2007 97 68 1 5 11 102 119 3 0 406
2008 124 47 22 3 8 22 70 3 0 299
2009 9 122 88 14 3 27 219 5 0 486
2010 96 18 44 37 2 20 91 7 0 315
2011 126 91 81 48 10 7 67 5 1 436
2012 29 71 65 77 47 8 94 10 0 400
2013 33 43 127 106 67 19 89 13 0 497
20143 3 10 59 49 38 24 66 20 0 268
2015 85 7 28 157 115 65 69 25 0 552
2016 244 33 44 205 138 139 142 48 0 993
2017 41 39 8 20 59 76 57 17 0 317
2018 66 62 55 35 100 65 80 26 0 489
2019 3 25 84 31 59 82 72 25 1 381
2020 97 8 57 39 40 115 97 16 0 470
2021 492 135 15 39 16 58 88 18 0 860
Table 6.16a. S. mentella1 in Division 2.b. Abundance indices (on length) from the bottom-trawl survey in the Svalbard area (Division 2.b) in summer/fall 1986–2021 (numbers in millions).

1 - Includes some unidentified Sebastes specimens mostly less than 15 cm.

2 - Old trawl equipment (bobbins gear and 80 m sweep length).

3 - Poor survey coverage in 2014.

Year/Age 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Total
1992 283 419 484 131 58 45 14 8 5 2 7 2 1 3 1462
1993 2 527 117 202 142 8 23 6 13 1 7 1 1 0 1050
1994 7 280 290 202 235 42 94 1 1 3 4 1 1 0 1161
1995 4 50 365 237 132 61 19 17 11 0 1 3 0 0 900
1996 13 32 10 36 103 135 78 16 50 28 32 8 21 2 565
1997 8 43 6 7 38 18 29 19 6 2 0 2 1 1 181
1998 0 25 27 13 10 12 61 52 41 15 0 5 13 0 276
1999 3 16 108 25 28 39 106 59 54 26 35 14 18 12 543
2000 4 6 5 13 30 21 28 44 66 48 21 19 9 6 321
2001 1 4 2 0 12 15 18 36 28 46 45 80 53 14 354
2002 3 2 4 1 5 22 34 23 90 35 54 65 17 22 377
2003 0 4 3 3 5 3 29 25 25 25 11 164 55 23 376
2004 1 1 4 4 1 4 2 9 4 15 14 17 15 15 108
2005 15 1 1 3 1 2 2 8 4 5 14 7 30 21 115
2006 35 1 3 3 2 6 5 37 3 20 46 69 8 22 258
2007 28 39 0 0 4 1 5 5 7 5 3 7 28 17 150
2008 6 24 19 11 3 2 2 4 3 3 3 3 6 8 96
2009 9 69 50 29 26 25 7 1 1 1 4 20 11 8 260
2010 No age readings available
2011 125 42 61 42 12 49 31 4 1 0 2 0 0 1 369
2012 27 54 32 27 34 43 26 34 18 9 0 1 0 0 305
2013 30 4 29 36 7 93 72 43 40 7 8 3 3 3 377
20142,3 0 3 2 7 21 40 13 27 5 30 13 11 3 2 176
2015 63 1 10 56 36 54 33 95 28 21 12 4 5 3 421
2016 No age readings available
2017 39 26 10 13 14 20 39 16 29 8 6 19 1 28 269
2018 No age readings available
2019 0 32 53 0 24 21 21 46 52 76 0 0 0 0 324
2020 No age readings available
2021 No age readings available
Table 6.16b. S. mentella 1 in Division 2.b. Norwegian bottom-trawl survey indices (on age) in the Svalbard area (Division 2.b) in summer/fall 1992–2021 (numbers in millions).

1 - Includes some unidentified Sebastes specimens mostly less than 15 cm.

2 - Old trawl equipment (bobbins gear and 80 m sweep length).

3 - Poor survey coverage in 2014.

Year/ age 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16+ Total N Total B
1996 146 198 112 742 22 353 53 507 165 531 181 980 108 738 43 328 65 310 40 546 38 254 19 843 29 446 10 931 17 414 1 056 120 171
1997 62 682 130 816 12 492 23 452 74 342 55 880 76 607 82 503 17 640 14 274 675 2238 1723 633 8765 564 723 73
1998 313 78 767 85 715 39 849 25 805 23 413 84 825 100 332 54 287 24 329 11 334 7457 15 250 576 25 212 577 464 105
1999 5359 23 240 117 170 47 851 41 608 76 797 128 677 73 306 58 018 64 781 49 890 13 565 18 458 12 171 24 672 755 562 155
2000 5964 23 169 14 336 19 960 52 666 68 081 83 857 77 513 100 442 72 294 71 148 36 599 17 183 20 590 26 501 690 304 178
2001 5026 6541 10 957 1093 19 766 25 591 36 594 51 644 44 407 61 704 50 083 86 122 53 952 15 699 31 877 501 057 162
2002 9112 6646 7379 3821 8635 28 215 47 456 63 903 103 368 49 964 76 133 71 970 25 241 36 765 34 957 573 565 181
2003 4086 8218 7368 3140 7885 7983 43 821 62 360 52 015 34 782 61 735 168 703 107 298 39 760 26 882 636 036 2572
2004 8554 15793 11 443 7399 3554 7560 6164 11 686 8566 22 973 25 920 23 199 20 392 19 472 50 960 243 635 912
2005 32 526 6856 5546 5616 3772 5980 6985 13 151 5803 5700 16 554 34 393 34 987 34 336 53 165 265 370 1012
2006 125 437 4833 6844 6602 4255 8486 7424 38 309 3983 24 756 48 733 71 491 13 957 37 991 159 909 563 010 1992
2007 411 738 213 851 15 844 5121 11 830 3234 8884 10 298 14 652 7217 4200 7925 53 657 19 308 237 861 1 025 620 1992
2008 58 894 206 727 14 2254 29386 7745 3182 2895 6352 6132 3538 3445 5380 7018 9717 95 279 587 944 842
2009 122 459 176 405 231 265 82701 109 509 45 607 15 812 2775 5807 2950 3929 22 097 12 431 9299 331 974 1 175 019 2602
2010 No age reading
2011 422 533 390 888 227 693 61575 56 025 78 022 47 213 12 153 3176 2049 2607 856 85 2948 103 653 1 411 479 1202
2012 353 610 256 305 351 327 173183 130 446 70 403 58 164 40 645 21 408 12 671 3553 1044 1568 3374 139 887 1 617 588 1842
2013 299 841 203 094 189 851 194068 164 206 178 236 112 427 103 262 92 160 13 848 13 956 8579 2784 2857 144 033 1 723 202 2712
20141 2247 20 884 33 295 82052 52 428 94 324 93 771 68 765 35 193 56 728 40 647 19 047 16 518 3335 163 869 783 104 2392
2015 404 973 86 648 53 046 95737 53 022 109 686 46 714 126 156 73 141 25 441 19 583 6569 5284 3335 119 261 1 228 596 2072
2016 No age reading
2017 534 647 244 469 213 984 215852 33 595 45 809 61 428 62 449 37 597 33 901 39 670 37 492 10 364 40 052 85 250 1 696 557 2132
2018 No age reading
20193 93 518 77 195 125 457 81499 62 447 38 668 61 615 91672 178887 124876 0 0 0 0 60 931 996 765 2112
2020 No age reading
2021 No age reading
Table 6.17. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Abundance indices (on age) from the Ecosystem survey in August-September 1996–2021 covering the Norwegian Economic Zone (NEZ) and Svalbard incl. the area north and east of Spitsbergen (numbers in thousands and total biomass in thousand tonnes) and the continental slope down to 1000 m.

1 - Poor survey coverage in 2014.

2 – Calculated using modelled weight-at-age.

3 – Provisional figures.

Year Length group (cm)
  5.0–9.9 10.0–14.9 15.0–19.9 20.0–24.9 25.0–29.9 30.0–34.9 35.0–39.9 40.0–44.9 > 45.0 Total
1986 81 152 205 88 169 130 88 24 14 950
1987 72 25 227 56 35 11 5 1 0 433
1988 587 25 133 182 40 50 48 4 0 1068
1989 623 55 28 177 58 9 8 2 0 961
1990 324 305 36 56 80 13 13 2 0 828
1991 395 449 86 39 96 35 24 3 0 1127
1992 139 367 227 35 55 34 8 2 1 867
1993 31 593 320 116 24 25 6 1 0 1117
1994 8 296 479 488 74 74 17 3 0 1440
1995 310 84 571 390 83 58 24 3 0 1522
1996 215 101 198 343 136 42 17 1 0 1054
19972 38 83 19 198 266 82 39 3 0 728
19982 1 87 62 101 202 40 13 2 0 507
1999 2 7 70 37 172 73 22 3 0 386
2000 9 13 40 78 143 97 27 7 2 415
2001 10 23 7 57 79 75 10 1 0 260
2002 17 7 19 36 96 116 24 1 0 317
2003 4 4 10 13 70 198 46 6 0 351
2004 2 3 7 19 33 86 32 2 0 183
2005 0 6 7 11 28 154 86 4 0 296
2006 100 2 10 15 23 104 83 3 1 339
2007 382 121 3 7 12 121 121 7 0 773
2008 858 359 27 5 12 104 165 5 0 1533
2009 95 325 136 5 9 67 163 6 0 806
2010 652 276 215 64 7 74 191 6 0 1485
2011 501 230 212 149 14 47 157 5 0 1315
2012 129 280 86 125 47 14 154 18 0 855
2013 249 227 245 159 143 35 193 27 0 1279
2014 91 174 250 114 125 51 115 14 0 933
2015 175 110 215 302 290 215 171 18 0 1495
2016 615 105 149 332 213 163 124 14 1 1714
2017 568 185 68 197 286 310 231 11 0 1855
2018 189 250 83 109 192 270 214 22 1 1329
2019 42 288 263 92 158 255 211 20 0 1330
2020 196 122 207 92 118 231 209 25 1 1200
2021 887 132 142 124 81 186 172 23 1 1749
20223 640 1025 45 104 76 87 153 20 0 2149
Table 6.18a. S. mentella1. Abundance indices (on length) from the bottom-trawl survey in the Barents Sea in winter 1986–2022 (numbers in millions). The area coverage was extended from 1993 onwards. Numbers from 1994 onwards were recalculated while numbers for 1986–1993 are as in previous reports.

1 - Includes some unidentified Sebastes specimens mostly less than 15 cm.

2 - Adjusted indices to account for not covering the Russian EEZ in Subarea 1.

3- Norwegian numbers only

Year/Age 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Total
1992 351 252 132 56 14 11 3 9 18 16 12 11 2 5 892
1993 38 473 192 242 62 45 19 22 13 11 10 4 2 3 1136
1994 5 96 315 160 342 269 97 55 4 28 13 14 26 5 1430
1995 315 49 148 251 343 238 67 25 7 19 21 9 11 10 1512
1996 189 107 85 111 140 132 128 60 21 24 14 6 9 4 1029
19972 41 65 30 33 92 83 103 100 30 67 29 13 7 3 697
19982 1 72 45 25 11 50 108 112 36 17 7 6 3 2 496
1999 0 1 38 40 29 28 52 62 55 32 16 4 7 1 364
2000 19 1 4 33 37 21 30 69 72 49 22 14 10 4 385
2001 1 17 8 2 7 25 36 30 41 18 22 28 5 3 243
2002 18 4 11 8 2 9 43 56 23 14 34 19 38 14 293
2003 0 3 2 4 6 6 15 36 24 24 43 36 62 33 293
2004 2 1 4 2 4 10 11 16 14 12 14 25 24 13 152
2005 0 4 3 2 6 6 7 14 18 8 18 27 40 57 208
2006 74 26 4 4 6 8 9 12 6 14 16 10 41 28 259
2007 237 75 4 1 2 2 5 8 9 6 8 21 33 72 485
2008 699 166 101 14 0 2 4 6 4 6 4 20 22 30 1079
2009 104 108 100 87 64 32 19 14 4 6 21 1 22 7 589
2010 160 264 176 166 93 72 24 23 3 11 5 8 10 17 1031
2011 348 228 128 127 99 67 42 20 2 6 1 1 2 25 1095
2012 No age readings
2013 0 179 268 136 154 108 126 14 31 8 7 20 41 12 1105
2014 No age readings
2015 No age readings
2016 No age readings
2017 No age readings
2018 No age readings
2019 No age readings
2020 No age readings
2021 No age reading
2022 No age reading
Table 6.18b. S. mentella 1 in subareas 1 and 2. Preliminary Norwegian bottom-trawl indices (on age) from the annual Barents Sea survey in February 1992–2022 (numbers in millions). The area coverage was extended from 1993 onwards. Numbers recalculated.

1 - Includes some unidentified Sebastes specimens mostly less than 15 cm.

2 - Adjusted indices to account for not covering the Russian EEZ in Subarea 1.

  2008 2009 2013 2016 2019
mean length (cm) All/M/F1 37.0/36.4/37.5 36.6/36.0/37.1 37.5/37.0/38.1 37.7/37.0/38.3 37.6/37.2/38.0
mean length (cm) S/DSL/D2 37.2/36.8/39.1 37.2/36.5/38.3 37.1/37.4/38.9 38.1/37.6/38.4 37.4/37.6/37.7
mean weight (g) All/M/F 619/585/648 625/609/666 659/625/706 656/619/694 683/644/724
Mean age (y) All/M/F 25 / 25 / 25 25 / 25 / 24 28 / 29 / 28 27 / 27 / 26 - / - / -
Sex ratio (M/F) 45% / 55% 45% / 55% 59% / 41% 50% / 50% 51% / 49%
Occurrence 96% 100% 95% 80% 99%
Catch rates 3.80 t/NM2 3.94 t/NM2 3.47 t/NM2 1.01 t/NM2 3.40 t/NM2
mean sA 33 m2/NM2 34 m2/NM2 19 m2/NM2 5.2 m2/NM2 -
Total Area 53 720 NM2 69 520 NM2 69 520 NM2 67 150 NM2 73 364 NM2
Abundance (Acoustics)3 395 000 t 532 000 t 297 000 t 136 000 t -
Abundance (Trawl)4 406 000 t 548 000 t 482 000 t 116 000 t 499 000 t
Table 6.19. Comparison of results on S. mentella from the Norwegian Sea pelagic surveys in 2008, 2009, 2013, 2016, and 2019. Acoustic results for the 2019 survey were not available at the time of AFWG 2021.

1 - M = males only, F = females only.

2 - S = shallower than DSL, DSL = deep scattering layer, D = deeper than DSL.

3 - The abundance derived from hydroacoustics is calculated assuming a Length-dependent target strength equation of TS=20log(L)-68.0. In 2016 the TS equation used was TS=20log(L)-69.6 following recommendation from ICES-WKTAR (2010).

4 - Trawls: Gloria 2048 in 2008 and 2009 Gloria 2560 HO helix in 2013 and Gloria 1024 in 2016. Trawl catchability for redfish set to 0.5 for all trawls based on results from Bethke et al. (2010).

sa (demersal) Varies over time              
sa (pelagic) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.014 0.024 0.039 0.063 0.100 0.155 0.234 0.337 0.458 0.584 0.699 0.795 1.000
Table 6.20a. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Population matrix with numbers-at-age (in thousands) for each year and separable fishing mortality coefficients for the demersal and pelagic fleet by year (Fy) and selectivity at age for the pelagic fleet (Sa). Numbers are estimated from the statistical catch-at-age model.
Fy (demseral) Fy (pelagic) Year/ Age 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19+
0.042 0 1992 429 977 415 175 375 788 242 932 149 082 102 443 97 930 107 160 130 282 91 119 102 382 75 533 77 953 65 441 46 307 30 041 19 657 207 239
0.031 0 1993 289 490 409 094 395 010 357 537 229 100 140 310 96 194 91 724 100 097 121 356 84 641 94 849 69 802 71 879 60 224 42 545 27 562 207 147
0.027 0 1994 209 655 275 430 389 225 375 825 340 094 217 847 133 302 91 205 86 611 93 909 113 067 78 467 87 700 64 464 66 350 55 581 39 262 216 588
0.020 0 1995 200 014 199 472 262 053 370 321 357 293 323 028 206 534 125 963 85 766 81 007 87 447 104 994 72 756 81 258 59 709 61 447 51 470 236 914
0.014 0 1996 159 840 190 300 189 784 249 325 352 084 339 424 306 393 195 374 118 715 80 518 75 820 81 695 97 990 67 870 75 784 55 681 57 298 268 907
0.013 0 1997 111 468 152 077 181 057 180 567 237 151 334 736 322 328 290 270 184 453 111 726 75 637 71 165 76 655 91 934 63 673 71 096 52 236 306 023
0.019 0 1998 57 486 106 055 144 691 172 264 171 764 225 507 317 976 305 482 274 120 173 637 104 993 71 029 66 814 71 962 86 303 59 772 66 741 336 313
0.014 0 1999 46 459 54 694 100 904 137 664 163 884 163 356 214 155 300 527 286 693 256 314 162 197 98 055 66 333 62 395 67 203 80 596 55 820 376 399
0.011 0 2000 36 893 44 203 52 037 96 003 130 976 155 913 155 358 203 324 283 878 269 463 240 519 152 154 91 978 62 221 58 528 63 037 75 600 405 428
0.020 0 2001 35 692 35 101 42 056 49 510 91 340 124 613 148 320 147 606 192 108 267 188 253 477 226 238 143 119 86 516 58 527 55 052 59 294 452 464
0.007 0 2002 42 423 33 958 33 397 40 014 47 087 86 817 118 273 140 366 139 075 180 187 249 838 236 648 211 076 133 491 80 688 54 582 51 341 477 252
0.003 0 2003 45 546 40 363 32 309 31 775 38 069 44 796 82 571 112 379 133 073 131 549 170 266 236 016 223 541 199 383 126 095 76 217 51 558 499 306
0.006 0 2004 61 313 43 334 38 402 30 740 30 228 36 213 42 602 78 502 106 794 126 400 124 904 161 623 224 002 212 145 189 211 119 660 72 327 522 741
0.008 0 2005 117 600 58 335 41 229 36 537 29 244 28 753 34 436 40 491 74 546 101 302 119 777 118 275 152 984 211 986 200 748 179 037 113 224 563 055
0.005 0.037 2006 228 265 111 888 55 502 39 227 34 760 27 819 27 345 32 730 38 440 70 642 95 818 113 149 111 658 144 385 200 048 189 434 168 944 638 148
0.004 0.020 2007 341 155 217 179 106 454 52 806 37 321 33 071 26 451 25 987 31 075 36 434 66 788 90 308 106 262 104 428 134 410 185 341 174 743 737 346
0.005 0.013 2008 379 932 324 586 206 631 101 284 50 241 35 508 31 454 25 151 24 698 29 505 34 537 63 174 85 222 100 031 98 049 125 870 173 152 847 570
0.003 0.009 2009 381 522 361 480 308 821 196 595 96 365 47 801 33 776 29 915 23 910 23 452 27 954 32 655 59 643 80 340 94 145 92 123 118 077 954 101
0.004 0.010 2010 484 675 362 993 343 923 293 822 187 046 91 683 45 471 32 123 28 436 22 703 22 238 26 479 30 904 56 389 75 871 88 806 86 806 1 007 725
0.005 0.010 2011 585 041 461 135 345 363 327 220 279 549 177 957 87 211 43 244 30 535 27 005 21 532 21 063 25 050 29 202 53 217 71 514 83 612 1 027 695
0.005 0.008 2012 514 156 556 626 438 739 328 589 311 326 265 970 169 284 82 947 41 112 29 000 25 602 20 376 19 904 23 642 27 526 50 100 67 248 1 042 065
0.004 0.007 2013 277 390 489 184 529 592 417 430 312 628 296 200 253 008 161 008 78 865 39 063 27 523 24 261 19 278 18 805 22 309 25 944 47 172 1 041 939
0.015 0.008 2014 301 447 263 918 465 425 503 871 397 155 297 441 281 777 240 664 153 125 74 979 37 115 26 125 22 997 18 245 17 771 21 056 24 461 1 024 513
0.025 0.008 2015 287 730 286 806 251 100 442 821 479 386 377 845 282 934 267 988 228 814 145 502 71 175 35 174 24 697 21 669 17 132 16 636 19 665 975 718
0.035 0.009 2016 261 768 273 756 272 876 238 905 421 301 456 067 359 382 269 005 254 567 216 926 137 410 66 825 32 823 22 941 20 072 15 841 15 363 916 904
0.033 0.010 2017 267 611 249 055 260 460 259 623 227 286 400 768 433 666 341 476 255 168 240 609 203 731 127 978 61 766 30 181 21 027 18 359 14 468 848 894
0.044 0.010 2018 273 985 254 614 236 958 247 810 246 992 216 208 381 114 412 212 324 304 241 952 227 513 191 794 119 756 57 411 27 883 19 337 16 829 787 387
0.058 0.008 2019 277 225 260 678 242 247 225 450 235 726 234 909 205 540 362 080 391 193 307 191 228 487 213 861 179 152 111 032 52 830 25 493 17 593 725 368
0.078 0.007 2020 271 416 263 761 248 017 230 482 214 406 224 115 223 212 195 148 343 330 370 190 289 814 214 617 199 691 166 063 102 091 48 193 23 095 662 166
0.091 0.006 2021 265 735 258 234 250 951 235 971 219 279 203 975 213 173 212 261 185 485 326 027 350 907 273 802 201 556 185 740 152 417 92 321 43 018 599 005
Year/ Age 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
1992 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.212 0.261 0.316 0.377 0.442 0.509 0.576 0.640 0.699 0.753 0.799 0.839 0.872 0.899 1.000
1993 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.007 0.019 0.047 0.114 0.248 0.459 0.686 0.849 0.935 0.974 0.990 0.996 0.998 0.999 1.000
1994 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.029 0.063 0.131 0.252 0.432 0.631 0.793 0.896 0.951 0.978 0.990 0.995 0.998 0.999 1.000
1995 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.035 0.075 0.153 0.286 0.470 0.663 0.814 0.906 0.955 0.979 0.991 0.996 0.998 0.999 1.000
1996 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.019 0.053 0.135 0.303 0.549 0.773 0.905 0.964 0.987 0.995 0.998 0.999 1.000 1.000 1.000
1997 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.014 0.042 0.118 0.290 0.555 0.793 0.921 0.973 0.991 0.997 0.999 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
1998 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.022 0.100 0.357 0.735 0.933 0.986 0.997 0.999 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
1999 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.005 0.029 0.149 0.507 0.859 0.973 0.995 0.999 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
2000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.012 0.123 0.609 0.945 0.995 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
2001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.020 0.050 0.122 0.266 0.487 0.713 0.867 0.945 0.978 0.992 0.997 0.999 1.000 1.000 1.000
2002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.012 0.049 0.184 0.495 0.810 0.949 0.988 0.997 0.999 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
2003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.042 0.084 0.161 0.286 0.455 0.635 0.784 0.883 0.940 0.970 0.986 0.993 0.997 0.998 1.000
2004 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.020 0.044 0.094 0.190 0.348 0.547 0.732 0.861 0.934 0.970 0.986 0.994 0.997 0.999 1.000
2005 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.008 0.020 0.051 0.123 0.267 0.486 0.711 0.865 0.943 0.977 0.991 0.997 0.999 0.999 1.000
2006 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.008 0.022 0.057 0.140 0.306 0.543 0.763 0.897 0.959 0.985 0.994 0.998 0.999 1.000
2007 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.003 0.010 0.027 0.076 0.194 0.414 0.674 0.858 0.946 0.981 0.993 0.998 0.999 1.000
2008 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.003 0.013 0.060 0.241 0.613 0.887 0.975 0.995 0.999 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
2009 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.004 0.015 0.055 0.180 0.452 0.756 0.921 0.978 0.994 0.998 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
2010 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.007 0.020 0.056 0.146 0.328 0.582 0.800 0.919 0.970 0.989 0.996 0.999 1.000 1.000
2011 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.002 0.007 0.024 0.082 0.242 0.535 0.805 0.937 0.982 0.995 0.999 1.000 1.000 1.000
2012 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.005 0.012 0.031 0.076 0.178 0.363 0.599 0.797 0.911 0.964 0.986 0.995 0.998 1.000
2013 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.003 0.006 0.014 0.032 0.071 0.151 0.294 0.493 0.694 0.841 0.925 0.967 0.985 1.000
2014 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.004 0.007 0.014 0.027 0.053 0.101 0.183 0.308 0.471 0.639 0.780 0.876 0.934 1.000
2015 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.003 0.008 0.021 0.052 0.125 0.270 0.489 0.712 0.865 0.943 0.977 0.991 0.997 1.000
2016 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.005 0.013 0.032 0.077 0.174 0.348 0.575 0.774 0.897 0.956 0.982 0.993 0.997 1.000
2017 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.005 0.011 0.022 0.044 0.085 0.159 0.278 0.439 0.614 0.764 0.868 0.930 0.964 1.000
2018 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.008 0.015 0.028 0.050 0.087 0.149 0.242 0.368 0.516 0.661 0.781 0.867 0.922 1.000
2019 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.008 0.012 0.020 0.033 0.053 0.085 0.132 0.201 0.293 0.405 0.529 0.649 0.753 0.834 1.000
2020 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.005 0.009 0.019 0.039 0.077 0.146 0.260 0.419 0.598 0.754 0.863 1.000
2021 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.007 0.010 0.016 0.025 0.040 0.062 0.094 0.141 0.207 0.293 0.396 0.509 0.622 0.723 1.000
Table 6.20b. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Fisheries selectivity at age for the demersal fleet by age (Sa). Numbers are estimated from the statistical catch-at-age model.
Year Rec (age 2) in millions Rec (age 6) in millions Stock Biomass (tonnes) SSB (tonnes) F (12–18) F(19+)
1992 430 149 578 519 272 832 0.033 0.042
1993 289 229 625 410 323 633 0.029 0.031
1994 210 340 683 984 408 052 0.026 0.027
1995 200 357 749 346 469 927 0.020 0.020
1996 160 352 815 427 388 973 0.014 0.014
1997 111 237 879 903 478 373 0.013 0.013
1998 57 172 939 166 540 768 0.019 0.019
1999 46 164 987 329 608 797 0.014 0.014
2000 37 131 1 028 157 705 479 0.011 0.011
2001 36 91 1 061 896 655 042 0.020 0.020
2002 42 47 1 076 158 738 944 0.007 0.007
2003 46 38 1 092 380 815 196 0.003 0.003
2004 61 30 1 105 589 821 177 0.005 0.006
2005 118 29 1 111 783 876 777 0.008 0.008
2006 228 35 1 114 129 863 053 0.022 0.042
2007 341 37 1 093 928 1 006 505 0.013 0.024
2008 380 50 1 087 883 943 961 0.011 0.018
2009 382 96 1 091 599 981 572 0.007 0.012
2010 485 187 1 104 151 934 873 0.008 0.013
2011 585 280 1 123 427 924 087 0.009 0.015
2012 514 311 1 151 950 918 287 0.008 0.013
2013 277 313 1 194 986 870 554 0.006 0.011
2014 301 397 1 253 060 818 776 0.013 0.023
2015 288 479 1 307 703 839 740 0.025 0.032
2016 262 421 1 350 509 896 320 0.035 0.044
2017 268 227 1 386 933 872 141 0.027 0.042
2018 274 247 1 427 869 892 107 0.032 0.054
2019 277 236 1 459 921 919 610 0.034 0.066
2020 271 214 1 483 445 950 770 0.038 0.085
2021 266 219 1 498 423 976 956 0.041 0.097
Table 6.21. Stock summary for S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2 as estimated by the statistical catch-at-age model. Stock biomass is for age 2 y+.

 

diagram, søyler
Figure 6.1. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Total international landings 1952–2020 (thousand tonnes).

 

 

diagram
Figure 6.2. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Left panel: Catch in tonnes reported by national fleets for the subareas 27.1 and 27.2 and in the NEACF regulatory area. Right panel: Geographical location of the directed Norwegian fishery in 2021 within the Norwegian Exclusive Economic Zone and bycatches by Norwegian vessels in all areas. Directed fishing with bottom trawl is not permitted to the east of the red line. Directed fishing with pelagic trawl is not permitted to the east of the blue line. Directed fishing is not permitted in the Fishery Protection Zone around Svalbard.

 

 

kart med markeringer
Figure 6.3. Delineation of the geographical limits for directed fishing in the Norwegian Economic Zone in 2014–2021. Directed pelagic trawling is only allowed west of the blue line. Directed demersal trawling is only allowed between the blue and the red line. The area east of the stippled line inside NEZ south of Bear Island is only open for directed demersal trawling after 10 May. The other areas for directed fishing are also open during 1 January to last February. Due to high bycatch ratios of golden redfish 72°N was suggested as southern limit for directed demersal fishing marked by the red line along that latitude to the Norwegian directorate of fisheries in November 2018.

 

 

grafer
Figure 6.4. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Length-distributions of the commercial demersal catches by Norway and Russia in 2019–2021.

 

diagram, søyler

 

diagram, søyler
Figure 6.5. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Upper panels: Catch numbers-at-age for the demersal and pelagic fleets 1992–2020. Lower panel: Age composition of the commercial demersal catches by Norway and Russia in 2021 (calculated using ALK).

 

 

grafer
Figure 6.6. Weight-at-age of S. mentella per year class in subareas 1 and 2 derived from Norwegian commercial and survey data (Table 6.7). The weights were derived from samples with at least five individuals and are expressed in grammes. The blue and purple lines show the fitted mixed-effect models.

 

 

graphs
Figure 6.7. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. The upper panel shows weight-at-age 19+ as reported from catches (blue) or modelled from catches and survey observations (red) using a mixed effect model (Figure 6.5). AFWG 2017 was the last working group using the annual mixed effect model. The weights-at-age used in the assessment were based on the fixed effects model and are therefore the same for every year. These weights were updated in 2022 and differ only slightly from those estimated in the assessments since 2018. The bottom panel shows comparison of the observed Norwegian and Russian weight by age with the modelled one up to 2020.

 

 

grafer
Figure 6.8. Proportion maturity-at-age of S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2 derived from Norwegian commercial and survey data (Table D7). The proportions were derived from samples with at least five individuals. The blue and purple lines show the fitted mixed-effect models. For 2008, 2011 and 2016–2019 the common model (fixed effects blue) was used for other years the annual models (random effects purple) were used. Available data for 2019 was insufficient at the time of the meeting and the fixed effect model was used and there was no age data available for 2020 or 2021.

 

 

graf
Figure 6.9. Density distribution of natural mortality rates calculated with 30 of the 39 compared methods. The excluded methods are those based on certain taxa or areas. The broken red line indicates the currently used value; the broken green line the most frequent one and the black dotted lines indicate the beginning and end of the distribution’s peak.

 

 

grafer
Figure 6.10. Abundance of S. mentella (5–14 cm) during the winter survey (February) in the Barents Sea compared with the consumption of redfish (mainly S. mentella) by cod (See Section 1 Table 1.1).

 

 

diagram, søyler
Figure 6.11. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Age disaggregated abundance indices for bottom-trawl surveys 1992–2021 in the Barents Sea in winter (winter survey top) in summer (Ecosystem survey middle) and in autumn (Russian groundfish survey bottom).

 

map with markings, deep water redfish catch

 

maps with markings, redfish
Figure 6.12. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Abundance indices for individual trawl stations during the ecosystem survey in autumn 2021 (top) and winter survey 2021 (bottom).

 

 

maps with markings
Figure 6.13. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Left panel: Survey track of the Deep Pelagic Ecosystem Survey in 2022 and categorized trawls. Potential failures need further examination to determine their usability, whilst successful trawls can be used for the survey index without further consideration. Right panel: Catch rates in tonnes per square nautical mile for the surveyed depth layers (< = 300 m, 301–600 m and > 600 m) from the 2019 survey. The corresponding results for the 2022 survey were not available at the time of the working group.

 

 

diagram, søyler
Figure 6.14. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Proportions at age during the International Deep Pelagic Ecosystem Survey (WGIDEEPS) in the Norwegian Sea. Bars show proportions at age and dots shows the coefficient of variation for each age. Estimated with RStoX.

 

 

map of groups
Figure 6.15. Map showing the specific pelagic 0-group trawl stations and the abundance of 0-group S. mentella during the joint Norwegian-Russian Ecosystem survey in the Barents Sea and Svalbard in 2020 (upper panel) and 2021 (lower panel).

 

 

diagram, søyler
Figure 6.16. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Abundance indices (in billions) of 0-group redfish (believed to be mostly S. mentella) in the international 0-group survey in the Barents Sea and Svalbard areas in August-September 1980–2021.

 

 

kart
Figure 6.17. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Horizontal distribution of S. mentella hydroacoustic backscattering (sA) during the Norwegian slope survey in spring 2022. The circles are proportional to the sA assigned to redfish along the vessel track.

 

Recruitment-at-age 2 Spawning-stock biomass
diagram, søyler
Fishing mortality – year component
graf

Figure 6.18. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Results from the statistical catch-at-age assessment run showing the estimated recruitment-at-age 2 spawning-stock biomass from 1992 to 2021 and annual fishing mortality coefficients by year (Fy) from the demersal (blue) and pelagic (red) fleets. Error bars (top) and the colored envelope (bottom) indicate 95% confidence limits.

Fleet selectivity – age component
graf
graphs, mentella
Figure 6.19. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Results from the statistical catch-at-age assessment run showing the estimated annual fleet selectivity by age (Fa) from the pelagic (top panel) and demersal (lower panels) fleets. Colored envelopes indicate 95% confidence limits.

 

 

grafer
Figure 6.20. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Results from the statistical catch-at-age assessment run showing the selectivity-at-age for winter (blue) ecosystem (grey) and Russian groundfish (red) surveys.

 

 

diagram, søyler
Figure 6.21. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Results from the statistical catch-at-age model showing the evolution of total biomass (in tonnes light blue left axis) spawning-stock-biomass (in tonnes dark blue, left axis) and recruitment-at-age 2 (in numbers yellow, right axis) for the period 1992–2021 for S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2.

 

diagram, søyler
Figure 6.22. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Modelled distribution of numbers (yellow bars right y-axis) biomass (light blue left y-axis) and spawning-stock-biomass (dark blue left y-axis) at age 2–45+ in 2021.

 

grafikk, boksplott
Figure 6.23a. Diagnostic plots for the demersal fleet catch-at-age data. Top-left: scatterplot of observed vs. fitted indices the dotted red line indicates 1:1 relationship. Top right: boxplot of residuals (observed-fitted) for each age. Bottom left: boxplot of residuals for each year. Bottom right: bubble plot of residuals for each age/year combination bubble size is proportional to mean residuals blue are positive and red are negative residuals.

 

 

grafikk, boksplott
Figure 6.23b. Diagnostic plots for the pelagic fleet catch-at-age data. See legend from Figure 6.23a.

 

grafikk, boksplott
Figure 6.23c. Diagnostic plots for winter survey data. See legend from Figure 6.23a.

 

grafikk, boksplott
Figure 6.23d. Diagnostic plots for Ecosystem survey data. See legend from Figure 6.23a.

 

 

grafikk, boksplott
Figure 6.23e. Diagnostic plots for the Russian groundfish survey data. See legend from Figure 6.23a.

 

 

graphs, biomass and assessment
Figure 6.24. The upper panel shows the retrospective patterns of the spawning-stock biomass of S. mentella estimated by the SCAA model for runs up to years 2007–2017 and the baseline model of the 2018 benchmark. The lower panel presents the analytical retrospectives for the current assessment and back to 2018. Confidence Intervals are shown for the latest assessment.

 

 

grafer
Figure 6.25. The upper panel shows the retrospective patterns of the fishing mortality for the age classes 12-18, estimated by the SCAA model for runs up to years 2018-2022. The lower panel presents fishing mortality for the age-19+ group for the same time period. Broken lines indicate the confidence intervals for the 2022 assessments.

 

 

5 - Beaked redfish in subareas 1 and 2 (Northeast Arctic)

5.1 - Status of the fisheries

5.1.1 - Development of the fishery

A description of the historical development of the fishery in subareas 1 and 2 is found in the stock annex for this stock.

An international pelagic fishery for S. mentella in the Norwegian Sea outside EEZs has developed since 2004 (Figure 6.1). This pelagic fishery, which is further described in the stock annex, is managed by the Northeast Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC). Since 2014 the directed demersal and pelagic fisheries are reopened in the Norwegian Economic Zone, the Fisheries Protection Zone around Svalbard and, for pelagic fisheries only, in the Fishing Zone around Jan Mayen. The spatial regulation for this fishery is illustrated in Figures 6.2 and 6.3. In 2021, most of the catches of S. mentella from the Russian and Norwegian fisheries were taken in the Norwegian Exclusive Economic Zone or as bycatch in the Fisheries Protection Zone around Svalbard. Catches in international waters were mainly taken by EU nations.

Figure 6.2 shows the distribution of catch among national fishing fleets for 2018 to 2021 and the location of Norwegian S. mentella catches in the Norwegian EEZ in 2021 as well as bycatch in other areas. The 44th Session of the Joint Norwegian-Russian Fisheries Commission decided to split the total TAC among countries as follows: Norway: 72%, Russia: 18%, Third countries: 10% (as bycatch in the fishery protection zone at Svalbard (Spitsbergen): 4.1%, and international waters of the Norwegian Sea (NEAFC-area): 5.9%). This split was reconducted at the 51st session of the commission in 2021.

5.1.2 - Bycatch in other fisheries

During 2003–2013, all catches of S. mentella, except the pelagic fishery in the Norwegian Sea outside EEZ, were taken as bycatches in other fisheries. Some of the pelagic catches are taken as bycatches in the blue whiting and herring fisheries. From 2014 onwards most of the catch is taken as targeted catch and no longer as bycatch, following the opening of a targeted fishery in the Norwegian EEZ, Svalbard Fisheries Protection Zone and around Jan Mayen. When fishing for other species it has since 2013 been allowed to have up to 20% redfish (both species together) in round weight as bycatch outside 12 nautical miles and only 10% bycatch inside 12 nautical miles to better protect S. norvegicus.

5.1.3 - Landings prior to 2021 (Tables 6.1–6.7, Figure 6.1)

Nominal catches of S. mentella by country for subareas 1 and 2 combined are presented in Table 6.1, while they are presented for Subarea 1 and divisions 2.a and 2.b in Tables 6.2–6.4. The pelagic catch of S. mentella in the Norwegian Sea outside EEZs reported to NEAFC and/or ICES amounted to 7 739 t in 2018, 6060 t in 2019, 5469 t in 2020 and 2 872 t in 2021, and is shown by country in Table 6.5. Nominal catches for both redfish species combined (i.e. S. mentella and S. norvegicus) by country are presented in Table 6.6. The sources of information used are catches reported to ICES, NEAFC, Norwegian and Russian authorities (foreign vessels fishing in the Norwegian and Russian economic zones) or direct reporting to the AFWG. Where catches are reported as Sebastes sp., they are split into S. norvegicus and S. mentella by AFWG experts based on available correlation between official catches of these two species in the considered areas. All tables have been updated for 2020, and new figures presented for 2021. Total international landings in 1952–2021 are also shown in Figure 6.1.

In 2014, ICES advised that the annual catch in 2015, 2016, and 2017 should be set at no more than 30 000 t and in 2017, ICES advised that the annual catch in 2018 should not exceed 32 658 t. Following the benchmark (WKREDFISH, ICES 2018a) and the subsequent evaluation of a management plan for the stock (WKREBMSE, ICES 2018b) ICES advised an annual catch of no more than 53 757 t for 2019 and 55 860 t in 2020, corresponding to a fishing mortality of F = 0.06. This was continued in 2020, when ICES advised an annual catch of no more than 66 158 t in 2021 and 67 210 t in 2022, still corresponding to F = 0.06.

Because of the novelty of the situation, related with reopening fisheries after 10 years of its ban, the total landings of S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2 in 2014, demersal and pelagic catches, amounted to only 18 426 t. The total landings of the demersal and pelagic fishery increased to 34 754 t in 2016, 30 783 t in 2017, 38 046 t in 2018, 45 640 t in 2019, 53 631 t in 2020 and 63 482 t in 2021. Of this, 2 872 t were reported from the pelagic fishery in international waters of the Norwegian Sea. The total landings in 2017 and 2018 were respectively 783 t and 5 388 t above the TAC advised by ICES, but were 8 117 t, 2 229 t and 2 676 t below TAC in 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively. Norway caught the major share of the demersal catches, but Russian demersal catches increased substantially after 2017, particularly in ICES Division 2.b.

The redfish population in Subarea 4 (North Sea) is believed to belong to the Northeast Arctic stock. Since this area is outside the traditional areas handled by this Working Group, the catches are not included in the assessment. The total redfish landings (golden and beaked redfish combined) from Subarea 4 have up to 2003 been 1000–3000 t per year. Since 2005 the annual landings from this area have varied between 89 and 341 t (Table 6.7).

5.1.4 - Expected landings in 2022

ICES has advised on the basis of precautionary considerations that the annual catch should be set at no more than 67 210 t in 2022. The 51st sessions of the Joint Norwegian-Russian Fisheries Commission decided to follow this advice.

In 2022 Norwegian fishing vessels, can catch and land up to 44 291 t of redfish in the Norwegian economic zone (NEZ) in a limited area north of 65°20’N (see map in Figure 6.3), in international waters and the fisheries zone around Jan Mayen. Of this quantity, 100 t are allocated to cover bycatch in other fisheries and 52 t for research/surveillance and education purposes, while the remaining 43 139 t can be taken in a directed fishery. Only vessels with cod and saithe trawl permits can participate in the directed fishery for redfish. Each vessel which has the right to participate is assigned a maximum quota, which can be adjusted during the year, per how much of the national quota is exploited. The fishery may be stopped if the total quota is reached. This quota must also cover catches of redfish (both species) in other fisheries. It is prohibited to fish for redfish with bottom trawls in the period from 1 March until 10 May. Investigations were conducted in 2015–2016 to see if the protection of females during the main time of larvae release should be improved by extending the period of prohibited fishing until later in May, and to see if the area south of Bear Island (Area 20 in Figure 6.3) can be opened for directed fishing, either with or without sorting grid, and permissions were granted to a small number of vessels of the Norwegian reference fleet for an earlier onset of fishing to gain further data. The hitherto conclusion is that males dominated the catches (more than 70%) in the main fishing areas south and southwest of Bear Island during the investigations from late April until the directed fishery started on 10 May, and that the area south of Bear Island should stay closed during January-February due to smaller S. mentella inhabiting this area at the beginning of the year. 

Since 2015, Russia has had access to the NEZ when fishing their quota share. In 2022 Russia may fish 12 098 t (18%) plus 2000 t transferred from Norway to Russia. Apart from this an additional 2100 t were transferred from Norway to Russia and the EU to cover bycatch of redfish (both species) in their fisheries targeting other species. The remaining 6721 t are divided between third countries in the NEZ and Svalbard Zone (2755 t) and the NEAFC areas (3966 t). Catch in the NEAFC areas in 2021 amounted to 2872 t while the catch in the national economic zones of Norway and Russia as well as the fisheries protection zone around Svalbard was 60 610 t. The total catch in 2021 was 2676 t lower than the advised TAC. Norwegian catches up to week 33 were 32 295 t, which is about 9 000 tonnes less than at the same time of 2021. This indicates that the Norwegian quota is unlikely to be exhausted as there is usually little redfish catch in autumn.

5.2 - Data used in the assessment

Analytical assessment was conducted for this stock following recommendation from the benchmark assessment working group (WKREDFISH, ICES 2018a). Input datasets were updated with the most recently available data. The analytical assessment, based on a statistical catch-at-age model (SCAA), covers the period 1992–2020. The input data consists of the following tables:

  • Total catch in tonnes (Table 6.1)

  • Catch in tonnes in the pelagic fishery Norwegian Sea outside EEZs (Table 6.5)

  • Total catch numbers-at-age 6–19+ (Table 6.8)

  • Catch numbers-at-age 7–19+ in the pelagic fishery (Table 6.9)

  • Weight-at-age 2–19+ in the population (Table 6.12)

  • Maturity-at-age 2–19+ in the population (Table 6.14)

  • Russian autumn survey numbers-at-age 0–11 (Table 6.15)

  • Ecosystem survey numbers-at-age 2–15 (Table 6.17)

  • Winter survey numbers-at-age 2–15 (Table 6.18b)

  • Deep pelagic ecosystem survey proportions-at-age (Table 6.19)

There was no direct observation of catch numbers-at-age for the pelagic fishery in the Norwegian Sea outside EEZs in 2012–2021. Instead, numbers-at-age were estimated based on catch-at-age from previous or following year, and weight-at-age and fleet selectivities (section 6.2.2 in AFWG report 2013). In 2013, 2016 and 2019, observations from the scientific survey in the Norwegian Sea were used to derive numbers-at-age in the pelagic fishery. This was considered appropriate given that the survey operates in the area of the fishery, with a commercial pelagic trawl and at the time of the start of the fishery.

5.2.1 - Length- composition from the fishery (Figure 6.4)

Comparison of length distributions of the Norwegian and Russian catches of S. mentella in 2019–2021 are shown in Figure 6.4. In 2020, the Russian and Norwegian fleets fished smaller fish than in 2019, reflecting good year classes due to enter the fishable stock. After 2019 length of beaked redfish in Norwegian catches was larger than in Russian catches. This is probably due to differences in the fishing areas. The Russian fleet largely operated in area 2b, and the Norwegian fleet in area 2a.

5.2.2 - Catch-at-age (Tables 6.8–6.11, Figure 6.5)

Catch-at-age in the Norwegian fishery was estimated using ECA for 2014 and 2020. For 2015, 2016 and 2018, it was not possible to run ECA and the catch-at-age for the Norwegian Fishery was estimated using the older Biomass program in SAS (Table 6.8). Not enough age readings were available to estimate catch-at-age in 2017, 2019 and 2021. For the pelagic fisheries 2017, 2018, 2020 and 2021 (Table 6.9) proportions-at-age in the catch were derived from proportions at-age in earlier years, weight-at-age and fleet selectivity (section 6.2.2 in AFWG report 2013).

This procedure for estimating catch-at-age for recent years in which age data are not available is somewhat problematic. This is because the last year of observation has a large effect on the estimated catch-at-age for several years. At the assessment working group in 2017 and at the benchmark assessment in January 2018, the last year of observations for the catch-at-age was 2014 and the values for the years 2015 and 2016 were extrapolated. Once available, the data for 2015 (demersal) and 2016 (pelagic) were substantially different from these earlier extrapolations. In the 2022 assessment the catch-at-age observations in 2018, had a large effect on the years around it, producing a very large proportion of the 19+ class in the catch and a correspondingly high F19+. As the age structure in 2018 was based on less than 1000 aged fish it was decided to use a time-averaged age-length-key (ALK) to convert the length distribution in 2017-2019 and in 2021 to an age distribution. The time-averaged ALK is based on the Norwegian age-length data back to 2009, excluding the years 2017, 2019 and 2021 and on commercial catches with demersal gears. The conversion still produced a fraction of the 19+-group of >60% but F19+ was lower than in the standard method.

Several other options were considered. Firstly, extrapolation as in the standard method but extrapolating also the 19+-group and then rescaling to sum up to 100%, rather than calculating the 19+ as the difference between other ages and 100%. Secondly, calculating the fraction of each age-class as an average of the same cohort’s fraction in the year before and after. Thirdly, as an average of the fraction of the same age-class in the last 3 years with data or last 3 calendar years. Finally, using a combined Russian-Norwegian ALK for individual years. Whilst some of these options produced lower fishing mortalities for the 19+-group, the change in observed selectivity for the demersal catches since 2017 remained largely the same. Therefore, the option of a common ALK across years was chosen because a as the option with the most sensible underlying reasoning.

Age composition of the Russian and Norwegian catches in 2021 was calculated using the age–length key, based on Russian age readings. The joint age–length key for the last three years (2019–2021) was applied. In general, the age distribution in the Norwegian fishery was shifted towards older fish compared to the Russian fishery. In the Russian catches fish at age 15–16 dominated, while in the Norwegian catches 16–17 years old made up the majority of the catches. (Figure 6.5). The proportion (by numbers) of individuals at age 18 and older in the Norwegian catches was almost twice as large as in the Russian ones.

Age–length-keys for S. mentella are uncertain because of the slow growth rate of individuals and therefore these data should be used with caution. Given that age is difficult to derive from length it is important that age readings are available for the most recent years, at the time of the working group.

5.2.3 - Weight-at-age (Tables 6.12, 6.13, Figures 6.6, 6.7)

In earlier assessment, weight-at-age in the stock was set equal to the weight-at-age in the catch. This turned out to be problematic because of important fluctuations in reported weight-at-age in the catch that cannot be explained biologically (i.e. these are noisy data). In 2015, it was advised to either use a fixed weight-at-age for the 19+ group, or use a modelled weight-at-age based on catch and survey records (Planque, 2015). The second option was chosen. Weight-at-age in the population was modelled for each year using mixed-effect models of a von Bertalanffy growth function (in weight). In 2018 an attempt was made to model weight-at-age for each cohort (rather than each year of observation). This showed that the growth function is nearly invariant between cohorts. Therefore, it was decided to use a fixed (i.e. common to all years) weight-at-age as input to the Statistical Catch-at-age model. The observed and modelled weight-at-age are presented in Table 6.12 as well as Figures 6.6 and 6.7.

5.2.4 - Maturity-at-age (Table 6.14, Figure 6.8)

The proportion maturity-at-age was estimated for individual years using a mixed-effect statistical model (Table 6.14, Figure 6.8). The modelled values of maturity-at-age for individual years are used in the analytical assessment models, except in 2008, 2011 and 2017–2021 when the fixed effects only were considered, at least in the two latest years due to a lack of age data.

5.2.5 - Natural mortality

In previous years, natural mortality for S. mentella was set to 0.05 for all ages and all years. This was based on life-history correlates presented in Hoenig (1983). Thirty-nine alternative mortality estimates were explored during the benchmark workshop, based on the review work by Kenchington (2014) and several additional recent papers (Then et al., 2014; Hamel, 2014; Charnov et al., 2013). Overall, the mode of these natural mortality estimates is 0.058 which departs only slightly from the original estimate of 0.050 (Figure 6.9). WKREDFISH (ICES, 2018a) decided to continue using 0.050 as the value of M in the assessment model. These estimates were updated for a peer-reviewed paper submitted in 2022 (Höffle and Planque, in revision) with 44 estimators resulting in a mode of the distribution of 0.07.

Figure 6.10 shows cod’s predation on juvenile (5–14 cm) redfish during 1984–2020. This time-series confirms the presence of redfish juveniles and may be used as an indicator of redfish abundance. A clear difference is seen between the abundance/consumption ratio in the 1980s and at present. A change in survey trawl catchability (smaller meshes) from 1993 onwards (Jakobsen et al., 1997) and/or a change in the cod’s prey preference may cause this difference. As long as the trawl survey time-series has not been corrected for the change in catchability, the abundance index of juvenile redfish less than 15 cm during the 1980s might have been considerably higher, if this change in catchability had been corrected for. The decrease in the abundance of young redfish in the surveys during the 1990s is consistent with the decline in the consumption of redfish by cod. It is important that the estimation of the consumption of redfish by cod is being continued.

5.2.6 - Scientific surveys

Following a dedicated review, AFWG approved the use of the new SToX versions of winter and ecosystem surveys for use in the S.s mentella assessment (WD 17 and WD 18 in AFWG 2020). The group recommended that the data be monitored annually to identify if a significant portion of the mentella stock moves east of the strata system. The group further recommended that work continues to investigate redfish-specific strata systems for the winter survey.

The results from the following research vessel survey series were evaluated by the Working Group:

5.2.6.1 - Surveys in the Barents Sea and Svalbard area (Tables 1.1, 1.2, 6.15–6.18, Figures 6.11, 6.12)

Russian bottom-trawl survey in the Svalbard and Barents Sea areas in October-December for 1978–2015 in fishing depths of 100–900 m (Table 6.15, Figure 6.11). ICES acronym: RU-BTr-Q4.

Russian-Norwegian Barents Sea ‘Ecosystem survey’ (bottom-trawl survey, August-September) from 1986–2019 in fishing depths of 100–500 m (Figures 6.11–6.12). Data disaggregated by age for the period 1992–2019 (Tables 6.16b-6.17). ICES acronym: Since 2003 part of Eco-NoRu-Q3 (BTr), survey code: A5216.

Winter Barents Seabed-trawl survey (February) from 1986–2014 (jointly with Russia since 2000, except 2006 and 2007) in fishing depths of 100–500 m (Figures 6.11–6.12). Data disaggregated by age for the period 1992–2011 and 2013 (Table 6.18b). ICES acronym: BS-NoRu-Q1 (BTr), survey code: A6996.

The Norwegian survey initially designed for redfish and Greenland halibut is now part of the ecosystem survey and covers the Norwegian Economic Zone (NEZ) and Svalbard Fisheries Protection Zone incl. north and east of Spitsbergen during August 1996–2012 from less than 100 m to 800 m depth. This survey includes survey no. 2 above, and has been a joint survey with Russia since 2003, and since then called the Ecosystem survey. ICES acronym: Eco-NoRu-Q3 (Btr), survey code: A5216.

5.2.6.2 - Pelagic survey in the Norwegian Sea (Table 6.19, Figures 6.13, 6.14)

The international deep pelagic ecosystem survey in the Norwegian Sea (WGIDEEPS, ICES 2016, survey code: A3357) monitors deep pelagic ecosystems, focusing on beaked redfish (S. mentella). The latest survey was conducted in the open Norwegian Sea from 22 July until 12 August 2022, following similar surveys in 2008, 2009, 2013, 2016 and 2019. The spatial coverage of the 2022 survey and the catch rates of beaked redfish in the 2019 survey are presented in Figure 6.13. The survey is scheduled every third year. Estimated numbers-at-age from this survey were presented at the benchmark assessment in 2018 and used in the SCAA model. Data for 2016 was updated in 2019, using additional age readings and numbers-at-age for the 2019 survey were presented during AFWG 2020, used in the assessment and updated for AFWG 2021. The details of the data preparation, using StoX, are available from WD7 of AFWG 2018 (Planque et al., 2018). The data used as input to the analytical assessment consists of proportions-at-age from age 2 to 75 years (Figure 6.14).

5.2.6.3 - Additional surveys (Figures 6.15–6.17)

The international 0-group survey in the Svalbard and Barents Sea areas in August-September 1980–2021, is now part of the Ecosystem survey (Figures 6.15 and 6.16). ICES acronym: Eco-NoRu-Q3 (Btr), survey code: A5216.

A slope survey, “Egga-sør survey” was carried out by IMR from 25 March to 20 April 2022, following similar surveys in 2009, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2018 and 2020. The spatial coverage of the 2022 survey and the distribution of beaked redfish registered by acoustic is presented in Figure 6.17. Egga-Sør and Egga-Nord surveys operate on a biennial basis. The length and age distributions of beaked redfish from these surveys show consistent ageing in the population and gradual incoming of new cohorts after the recruitment failure period. These surveys are considered as candidates for data input to the analytical assessment of S. mentella (see also Planque, 2016).

5.3 - Assessment

The group performed the analytical assessment using the statistical catch-at-age (SCAA) model reviewed at the benchmark in January 2018 (WKREDFISH, ICES 2018a). The model was configured as the benchmark baseline model which includes 53 parameters to be estimated and the model converged correctly.

5.3.1 - Results of the assessment (Tables 6.20, 6.21, Figures 6.18–6.24)

5.3.1.1 - Stock trends

The temporal patterns in recruitment-at-age 2 (Figures 6.18, 6.21) confirm the previously reported recruitment failure for the year classes 1996 to 2003 and indicate a return to high levels of recruitment. The estimates of year-class strength for recent years are uncertain due to limited age data from the winter and ecosystem surveys. Modelled spawning-stock biomass (SSB) has increased from 1992 to 2007 (Table 6.21). In the late 2000s the total-stock biomass (TSB) consisted of a larger proportion of mature fish than in the 1990s. This is reversing as individuals from new successful year classes, but still immature, are growing. TSB has increased from about 1.0 to slightly below 1.5 million tonnes in the last 10 years (Table 6.21 and Figures 6.21–6.22). The concurrent decline in SSB from 2007 to 2014 can be attributed to the weak year classes (1996–2003) entering the mature stock. This trend has levelled off and SSB increases again. SSB at the start of 2022 is estimated at 996 124 t.

5.3.1.2 - Fishing mortality (Tables 6.20a,b–6.21, Figure 6.19)

The patterns of fleet selectivity-at-age indicate that most of the fish captured by the demersal fleet as well as the pelagic fleet in 2021 are of age 16 and older (Tables 6.20a,b and Figure 6.19). Model results at the benchmark workshop did show a gradual shift in the demersal selectivity towards older ages, a shift that was not observed after the 2015 catch-at-age data were incorporated in the model. This shift towards older ages is now again visible in the data from 2017 onwards, similar to what was observed in 2014. In 2021 F19+ is estimated at 0.01 (Table 6.21), with 0.091 for the demersal and 0.006 for the pelagic fleets (Table 6.20a), respectively.

5.3.1.3 - Survey selectivity patterns (Figure 6.20)

Winter and ecosystem surveys selectivity at age are very similar and show reduced selectivity for age 8 years and older, which is consistent with the known geographical distribution of different life stages of S. mentella (Figure 6.20). Conversely, the Russian survey shows a reduced selectivity for age 7 years and younger. This is believed to result from gear selectivity.

5.3.1.4 - Residual patterns (Figure 6.23)

Residual patterns in catch and survey indices are presented in Figure 6.23a-e. There is generally no visible trend in the residuals for the Russian groundfish survey neither by age nor by year. Trends in residuals are visible in recent years for winter and ecosystem surveys and will need to be investigated further. Alternative methods for the estimation of the survey selectivity patterns will be investigated in the benchmark assessment planned for 2024 and could resolve the issue. Residual patterns for the demersal fleet indicate a similar fit of the model compared to AFWG 2018, when a time varying selectivity-at-age for this fleet was introduced.

5.3.1.5 - Retrospective patterns (Figure 6.24)

The historical and analytical retrospective patterns for the years 2007 to 2016 are presented in Figures 6.24 and 6.25. All model parameters were estimated in each individual run. The most recent model run (last year of data 2021) is consistent with previous runs. Estimated SSB is increased As in 2018 the SSB time-series is smoother than before, due to fixed weight-at-age for every year. The new estimates for winter and Ecosystem surveys in 2020 led to an increase in estimated SSB, up to 19% in the early years and around 7% to 9% in later years. Contrarily, the 2021 update revised SSB moderately down, by about 5% to 6%. SSB in 2021 is again revised upwards by about 10% across the assessment period. The benchmark run stands out and this is due to the unavailability of recent catch-at-age data during the benchmark assessment (see section 6.2.2). The analytical retrospectives back to 2018 showed likewise a higher SSB but with a lesser increase, ranging around 3% for much of the assessment period and dropping to the 1% range in the later years. The analytical retrospectives showed a consistent pattern for F12-18 until 2017 when it started to deviate. Likewise, the pattern for F19+ was very similar in the analytical retrospectives. Retrospective bias (Mohn’s rho) over the last 5 assessments was -0.3% for recruitment, -24% for F(19+) and -7% for SSB.

5.3.1.6 - Projections

FMSY at age 19+ is approximated using F0.1 and estimated at 0.084 (section 1.4 of the WKREBMSE report 2018b).

The estimated fishing mortality in 2021 is: F19+ = 0.01.

If the fishing mortality is maintained, this is expected to lead to a catch of 64 159 t in 2022, about 3000 tonnes below the advised TAC of 67 210 t. This would lead to a SSB of 1 018 117 t in early 2023, catches of 66 779 t in 2023 and a SSB of 1 040 323 t in 2024.

Lowering F19+ to the precautionary approach (F19+ = 0.06) advice, in 2023–2025 would lead to average catches of 45 150 t during that period and a SSB of 1 131 595 t by 2026 (SSB at the start of 2021 is estimated at 976 956 t).

These projections assume that the selectivity patterns of the demersal and pelagic fleets are identical with those estimated for 2021. It is also assumed that the ratio of fishing mortality between these two fleets remains unchanged.

5.3.1.7 - Additional considerations

Historical fluctuations in the recruitment-at-age 2 (Figures 6.18 and 6.21) are consistent with the 0-group survey index (Figure 6.16), although the 0-group survey index is not used as an input to the SCAA.

The population age structure derived from the model outputs for the old individuals (beyond 19+, Figure 6.22) is consistent with the age structure reported from the slope surveys although these are not yet used as input to the model.

Recent recruitment levels estimated with SCAA are highly uncertain since they rely on only a few years of observations and since the age readings from winter survey were not available for years 2014–2022. The use of the autoregressive model for recruitment (random effects in the SCAA) which was introduced in 2018 allows for a projection of the recruitment in recent years, despite the current lack of age data.

5.3.1.8 - Assessment summary (Table 6.21, Figure 6.21)

The history of the stock as described by the SCAA model for the period 1992–2021 is summarized in Table 6.21 and Figure 6.21. The key elements are as follows:

  • upward trend in Total-stock biomass from 1992 to 2006 followed by stabilization until 2011 and a new upward trend until the present,

  • upward trend in spawning-stock biomass from 1992 to 2007 followed by stabilization (or slight decline) until 2014 and subsequent increase,

  • recruitment failure for year classes 1996–2003 (2y old fish in 1998–2005),

  • good (although uncertain) recruitment for year classes born after 2005. Age data for recruits (at age 2y) after 2014 is limited.

  • Annual fishing mortality for the 19+ group throughout the assessment period varied between 0.003 and 0.097.

5.4 - Comments to the assessment

Currently, the survey series used in the SCAA do not appropriately cover the geographical distribution of the adult population. Data from the pelagic survey in the Norwegian Sea has been reviewed in the last benchmark and is now included in the assessment model. Priority should be given to including additional data from the slope surveys that include older age groups, in the analytical assessment in future (WD 5 in 2016).

The SCAA model relies on the availability of reliable age data in surveys and in the catch. Although additional age reading since the last assessment has improved reliability, it requires a continuous effort to keep these data at an appropriate level.

5.5 - Biological reference points

The proposed reference points estimated during the workshop on the management plan for S. mentella in (ICES 2018b) were:

Reference point Value
Blim 227 000 t
Bpa 315 000 t
FMSY19+= F0.1 0.084

Which are revised from those set during the benchmark in the same year (ICES 2018a) which were Bpa = 450 kt, Blim = 324 kt and FMSY19+ = F0.1 = 0.08.

5.6 - Management advice

The present report updates the assessment and advises that when the status quo approach is applied, catches in 2023 should be no more than 66 779 tonnes, and catches in 2024 should be no more than 70 164 tonnes. This would correspond to a fishing mortality of F19+ = 0.097, whilst fishing pressure across the fishable age-classes would remain nearly constant.

5.7 - Possible future development of the assessment

Many developments suggested in earlier years were presented and evaluated at the benchmark in January 2018. These include integrating a stochastic process model i) for recruitment-at-age 2, ii) for the annual component of fishing mortalities, and iii) to account for annual changes in fleet selectivities-at-age. In addition, iv) a right trapezoid population matrix, v) coding of older ages into flexible predefined age-blocks, and vi) integrating of data from pelagic surveys in the Norwegian Sea were implemented. The purpose of these new features was to reduce the number of parameters to estimate (i, ii), include new data on the older age fraction of the population (iv, v, vi) and account for possible temporal changes in selectivity linked to changes in the national and international fisheries and their regulations (iii).

Recommendations that have been followed since comprise:

  • An increase in the number of age readings from surveys and from the fishery, particularly for recent years.

  • Use of a standardized method (StoX) for the determination of numbers-at-age in the surveys. The use of StoX for survey indices was evaluated at the beginning of AFWG 2020.

Future developments for the assessment of S. mentella may possibly include:

  • Use of a standardized method (ECA) for the determination of numbers-at-age in the catch.

  • A genetic-based method for rapidly identifying Sebastes species (S. norvegicus, S. mentella, S. viviparus);

  • Direct use of length information (as in GADGET);

  • Development of a joint age–length key for calculation of age composition of all S. mentella catches.

  • Development of a joint model for S. mentella and S. norvegicus which can include uncertainty in species identification and reporting of catch of Sebastes sp.

Implementing the current model in a more generic framework (SAM or XSAM) would provide a set of diagnostic tools and the wider expertise shared by the groups developing these models. The new version of GADGET, running the currently used TMB-package in the background, may provide an opportunity to put both species on the same platform.

Further studies of redfish mortality at young age, including a scientific publication, should be carried out. These studies should also take account of historic estimates of bycatch. Variable M by age and possibly time period could then be incorporated in the assessment.

5.8 - References

Charnov, E.L., Gislason, H., and Pope, J.G. 2013. Evolutionary assembly rules for fish life histories. Fish Fish. 14(2): 213-224.

Hamel, O.S. 2014. A method for calculating a meta-analytical prior for the natural mortality rate using multiple life history correlates. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 72(1): 62-69.

Höffle H. and Tranang C. A. 2020. Use of RstoX for recalculating numbers at age of Sebastes mentella from the joint NOR-RUS Barents Sea Ecosystem Survey in summer and autumn. WD18 - ICES AFWG2020.

Höffle H. and Planque B. (in revision). Natural mortality estimations for beaked redfish (Sebastes mentella) - a long-lived ovoviviparous species of the Northeast Arctic. Fisheries Research11 pp.

Hoenig, J. M. 1983. Empirical use of longevity data to estimate mortality rates. Fisheries Bulletin U.S. 81:898-903.

ICES 2013. Report of the Arctic Fisheries Working Group, Copenhagen, 18-24 April 2013. ICES C.M. 2013/ACOM:05, 726 pp.

ICES 2016. Final Report of the Working Group on International Deep Pelagic Ecosystem Surveys (WGIDEEPS). ICES CM, ICES CM 2016/SSGIEOM:02: 21pp.

ICES. 2018a. Report of the Benchmark Workshop on Redfish Stocks (WKREDFISH), 29 January-2 February 2018, Copenhagen, Denmark. ICES CM 2018/ACOM:34. 174 pp.

ICES. 2018b. Report of the Workshop on the evaluation of harvest control rules for Sebastes mentella in ICES areas 1 and 2 (WKREBMSE), June–August 2018, by correspondence. ICES CM 2018/ACOM:52. 32 pp.

Jakobsen, T., Korsbrekke, K., Mehl, S., and Nakken, O. 1997. Norwegian combined acoustic and bottom trawl surveys for demersal fish in the Barents Sea during winter. ICES CM 1997/Y:17.

Kenchington, T.J. Natural mortality estimators for information‐limited fisheries. Fish and Fisheries, 2014, 15.4: 533-562.

Planque, B. 2015. S. mentella assessment - handling the +group.: WD03 - ICES AFWG2015. 8 pp.

Planque, B. 2016. Possible use of the Pelagic and slope surveys in the analytical assessment of Sebastes mentella in ICES areas 1 and 2.: WD05 - ICES AFWG2016. 6 pp.

Planque, B., Vollen, T., Höffle, H., Harbitz A., 2018. Use of StoX for estimating numbers@age of Sebastes mentella from the international deep pelagic ecosystem survey in the Norwegian Sea.: WD07 - ICES AFWG2018. 38 pp.

Then, A. Y., Hoenig, J. M., Hall, N. G., and Hewitt, D. A. 2018. Evaluating the predictive performance of empirical estimators of natural mortality rate using information on over 200 fish species. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 75: 1509–1509. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsx199 (Accessed 18 January 2021).

Tranang C. A., Vollen T. and Höffle H. 2020. Use of StoX for recalculating numbers at age and numbers at length of Sebastes norvegicus from the Barents Sea NOR-RUS demersal fish cruise in winter.: WD17 - ICES AFWG2020. 60 pp.