Report of the Joint Russian-Norwegian Working Group on Arctic Fisheries (JRN-AFWG) 2022

1 - Executive Summary

On 30 ^th March 2022 all Russian participation in ICES was temporally suspended. Although the announcement of the suspension stressed the role of ICES as a “multilateral science organization”, this suspension applied not only to research activities, but also to the ICES work providing fisheries advice for the sustainable management of fish stocks and ecosystems. As a result of the suspension, the ICES AFWG provided advice only for saithe, coastal cod north, coastal cod south, and golden redfish ( Sebastes norvegicus ). Northeast Arctic (NEA) cod, haddock and beaked redfish ( Sebastes mentella ) assessments have been conducted outside of ICES in a newly constituted Joint Russian-Norwegian Working Group on Arctic Fisheries (JRN-AFWG). Although this work has been conducted independently of ICES, the methodologies agreed at ICES benchmarks and agreed HCRs (Harvest Control Rules) have been followed in providing this advice.

Advice on fishing opportunities for NEA cod

The NEA cod stock is continuing to decline following a period of moderate recruitment. Following the agreed HCR, the advice is constrained by the interannual stability constraint criteria of 20% annual change in quota. Advice is that catches in 2023 should not exceed 566 784 tonnes. A further decline of catches from 2023 to 2024 and then a stabilization of stock and catch levels is projected.

Advice on fishing opportunities for NEA haddock

Advice is that catches in 2023 should not exceed 170 067 tonnes, down 5% from the advice for 2022. The haddock total stock biomass is declining as the relatively large 2016 yearclass is caught. Model estimates suggest a run of average to very weak yearclasses since 2016, and the stock is therefore expected to decline over the medium term.

Advice on fishing opportunities for beaked redfish ( Sebastes mentella)

Several issues were identified in providing the advice on beaked redfish. First, insufficient age reading in the catches was impacting on the quality of the assessment. This was addressed by using the length data converted with a time-averaged age-length conversion. Secondly, the fishing selectivity has changed significantly since the reference points were last estimated, with the F ₁₉₊ (the F _bar used in reporting and management) representing an increasing fraction of the catch. As a result, it was not possible to directly apply the previous target F ₁₉₊ . Instead, a status quo F approach was applied, in order to keep the overall fishing pressure roughly constant. Following this approach, catches in 2023 should be no more than 66 779 tonnes, and no more than 70 164 tonnes in 2024. The overall stock is in a healthy state, with biomasses continuing to rise.

2 - Introduction

This report presents the details of the stock assessments conducted for Northeast Arctic cod, haddock and beaked redfish ( Sebastes mentella ) in ICES subareas 1 and 2. Due to the temporary suspension of Russian scientists from ICES, this is a joint Russian-Norwegian advice and explicitly not an ICES advice. However, the assessment methodology has followed the standard ICES procedure, using the models approved at ICES benchmarks and the Harvest Control Rules which have been evaluated as precautionary by ICES.

The work presented here would typically form a part of the ICES Arctic Fisheries Working Group (AFWG). In order to keep continuity with previous reports, and to minimize the chances of errors arising from renumbering given the tight deadline to prepare this report, the chapter numbers for each stock chapter are maintained from the last AFWG report (ICES 2021). This also allows for anyone with previous AFWG experience to locate information rapidly and easily. As a result, this report contains Chapter 1 (executive summary), Chapter 2 (this introduction), Chapter 3 (Northeast Arctic cod), Chapter 4 (Northeast Arctic haddock), and Chapter 6 (beaked redfish, S. mentella ).

The meeting was chaired by Daniel Howell, from IMR Norway, and was attended by Anatoly Chetyrkin, Anatoly Filin, Yuri Kovalev, Alexey Russkikh, Natalia Yaragina, and Dmitri Vasilyev from VNIRO, Russia, and Bjarte Bogstad, Johanna Fall, Jane Godiksen, Hannes Höffle, and Edda Johannesen from IMR, Norway. The meeting was conducted on-line in two sessions: 16 ^th – 20th June 2022 and 25 ^th -30 ^th August 2022.

3 - Northeast Arctic Cod (Subareas 1 and 2)

3.1 - Status of the fisheries

3.1.1 - Historical development of the fisheries (Table 3.1)

From a level of about 900 000 t in the mid-1970s, total catch declined steadily to around 300 000 t in 1983—1985 (Table 3.1). Catches increased to above 500 000 t in 1987 before dropping to 212 000 t in 1990, the lowest level recorded in the post-war period. The catches increased rapidly from 1991 onwards, stabilized around 750 000 t in 1994—1997 but decreased to about 414 000 t in 2000. From 2000—2009, the reported catches were between 400 000 and 520 000 t, in addition there were unreported catches (see below). Catches have been above the long-term average since 2011 and have decreased from a peak of 986 449 tonnes in 2014 to 693 000 tonnes in 2019-2020 before increasing to 767 000 tonnes in 2022. The fishery is conducted both with an international trawler fleet and with coastal vessels using traditional fishing gears. Quotas were introduced in 1978 for the trawler fleets and in 1989 for the coastal fleets. In addition to quotas, the fishery is regulated by a minimum catch size, a minimum mesh size in trawls and Danish seines, a maximum bycatch of undersized fish, closure of areas having high densities of juveniles and by seasonal and area restrictions.

3.1.2 - Reported catches prior to 2022 (Tables 3.1-3.4, Figure 3.1)

The provisional catch of cod in Subarea 1 and divisions 2.a and 2.b for 2021 reported to the working group is 810 755 t (including both NEA cod and NCC catches).

Reported catch figures used for the assessment of Northeast Arctic cod:

The historical practice (considering catches between 62°N and 67°N for the whole year and catches between 67°N and 69°N for the second half of the year to be Norwegian coastal cod) has been used for estimating the Norwegian landings of Northeast Arctic cod up to and including 2011 (Table 3.2). The catches of coastal cod subtracted from total cod catches in Subarea 1 and divisions 2.a and 2.b for the period 1960—2021 are given in Table 3.2. For 2012–2021 the Norwegian catches have been analysed by an ECA-version designed for simultaneously providing estimates of catch numbers-at-age for each of the two stocks.

Coastal cod catches in 2021 for the southern and northern area combined were 42 044 tonnes using the current conversion factors between round and gutted weight, and this amount was as in previous years subtracted from the total cod catch north of 62° N to get the figure for NEA cod used in that assessment (Table 3.1 and 3.2). The figure for total coastal cod catch in 2021 using the revised conversion factors, as decided at WKBarFar 2021 and used in the coastal cod assessment was 42 044 tonnes (ICES AFWG 2022 Table 2.1a), which is 3.3 % below the value of 43 471 tonnes using the current conversion factors.

These values for coastal cod are now inconsistent with the coastal cod catches presented in ICES AFWG 2022 Chapter 2, as the coastal cod catch time series were revised at WKBarFar, but not the NEA cod time series. At WKBarFar, the proposal for revision of NEA cod catch data series was rejected, as Norwegian data for many years and age groups (especially ages 12+ in years prior to 2013) were changed considerably and the reason for this was not sufficiently explained. WKBarFar recommended that when the revision of the historical Norwegian catch data is ready it should be submitted to ICES for review, ideally by a review attached to the AFWG.

The catch by area is shown in Table 3.1, and further split into trawl and other gears in Table 3.3. The distribution of catches by areas and gears in 2021 was similar to 2020. The nominal landings by country are given in Table 3.4.

There is information on cod discards (see ICES AFWG 2021 section 0.4) but it was not included in the assessment because these data are fragmented and different estimates are in contradiction with each other. Moreover the level of discards is relatively small in the recent period and inclusion of these estimates in the assessment should not change our perception on NEA cod stock size.

In summer/autumn 2018, a Norwegian vessel caught 441 t of cod in the Jan Mayen EEZ, which is a part of ICES area 2a, mostly by long-line. Cod is known to occasionally occur in this area, but rarely in densities which are suitable for commercial fisheries. The cod caught in this area in 2018 was large (65-110 cm), and otolith readings and genetics both showed this cod to be a mix of Northeast Arctic and Icelandic cod. Norway did in 2019-2020 carry out an experimental long-line fishery during four different periods in each year in order to investigate further the occurrence of cod in this area in space and time as well as stock identity. The size distribution and genetic composition of the cod caught in this area in 2019-2021 was similar to that in 2018, although there was somewhat more smaller cod (< 65 cm) in 2020-2021 than in 2019. Most of the cod caught in April-May 2019 was spawning or spent, while most cod caught in March 2020 had not started spawning. Cod spawning in this area has not been observed prior to 2019. Total catches in 2019 amounted to 628 t, in 2020 to 522 t and in 2021 to 146 t. The 2018 catches in this area were partly counted against the Norwegian TAC for cod north of 62° N , while the 2019 and 2020 TAC for this area comes in addition to the Norwegian TAC for cod as agreed by JNRFC. There has been varying practice considering including those catches in the assessment, they were included in 2020 but the plan is to exclude them for all years in future assessments. Regulations for the fishery in this area for 2022 have not yet been decided upon.

3.1.3 - Unreported catches of Northeast Arctic cod (Table 3.1)

In the years 2002—2008 certain quantities of unreported catches (IUU catches) have been added to the reported landings. More details on this issue are given in the Working group reports for that period.

There are no reliable data on level of IUU catches outside the periods 1990—1994 and 2002—2008, but it is believed that their level was not substantial enough to influence on historical stock assessment.

According to reports from the Norwegian-Russian analysis group on estimation of total catches the total catches of cod since 2009 were very close to officially reported landings.

3.1.4 - TACs and advised catches for 2021 and 2022

The Joint Norwegian-Russian Fisheries Commission (JNRFC) agreed on a cod TAC of 885 600 t for 202 1 , and in addition 21 000 t Norwegian coastal cod. The total reported catch of 800 427 t in 2021 was 106 173 t below the agreed TAC. Since 2015 JNRFC has decided that Norway and Russia can transfer to next year or borrow from last year 10% of the cod country’s quota. That may lead to some deviation between agreed TAC and reported catch. As an extraordinary measure due to expected underfishing of the TAC in 2021, JNRFC decided that it should be possible to transfer 15% of the TAC between 2021 and 2022.

The advice for 2022 given by ACOM in 2021 was 708 480 t based on the agreed harvest control rule. The quota established by JNRFC for 2022 was set equal to the advice. In addition, the TAC for Norwegian Coastal Cod was set to the same value for 2022 as for 2021: 21 000 t.

3.2 - Status of research

3.2.1 - Fishing effort and CPUE (Table A1, Figure 3.4-3.5)

CPUE series of the Norwegian and Russian trawl fisheries are given in Table A1. The data reflect the total trawl effort (Figure 3.4), both for Norway and Russia. The Norwegian series is given as a total for all areas. Norwegian data for 2011–2021 are not necessarily compatible with data for 2007 and previous years. Norwegian CPUE declined from 2020 to 2021 and reached the lowest level in the 2011-2021 time series (Figure 3.5).

3.2.2 - Survey results - abundance and size at age (Tables 3.5, A2-A14)

Some survey results for 2021 were revised since AFWG 2021, for a summary of this, see section 3.2.3.

Joint Barents Sea winter survey (bottom trawl and acoustics) Acronyms: BS-NoRu-Q1 (BTr) and BS-NoRu-Q1 (Aco)

The survey was carried out as planned with good spatial coverage.

Before 2000 this survey was made without participation from Russian vessels, while in 2001—2005, 2008—2016 and 2018-2022 Russian vessels have covered important parts of the Russian zone. In 2006—2007 the survey was carried out only by Norwegian vessels. In 2007, 2016, 2021 and 2022 the Norwegian vessels were not allowed to cover the Russian EEZ. The method for adjustment for incomplete area coverage in 2007 is described in the 2007 report. The same method was used to adjust the 1997-1998 survey indices in the 2016 revision (Mehl et al. 2016). Table 3.5 shows areas covered in the time-series and the additional areas implied in the method used to adjust for missing coverage in the Russian Economic Zone. In 5 of the 8 adjusted years (including 2021) the adjustments were not based on area ratios, but the “index ratio by age” was used. This means that the index by age for the covered area was scaled by the observed ratio between total index and the index for the same area observed in the years prior to the survey. The adjustments for 2017 were based on average index rations by age for 2014–2016. Adjustments were also made in 2020-2021 using the average index ratios by age for 2018-2019 and 2019-2020, respectively.

Regarding the older part of this time-series it should be noted that the survey prior to 1993 covered a smaller area (Jakobsen et al. 1997), and the number of young cod (particularly 1- and 2-year old fish) was probably underestimated. Other changes in the survey methodology through time are described by Jakobsen et al. (1997), while the surveys for the years 2007—2012 and 2013—2018 are reported in Mehl et al. (2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017a). Note that the change from 35 to 22 mm mesh size in the codend in 1994 is not corrected for in the time-series. This mainly affects the age 1 indices.

With the recent expansion of the cod distribution it is likely that in recent years the coverage in the February survey (BS-NoRu-Q1 (BTr) and BS-NoRu-Q1 (Aco)) has been incomplete, in particular for the younger ages. This could cause a bias in the assessment, but the magnitude is unknown. The 2014–2022 surveys covered considerably larger areas than earlier winter surveys, and showed that most age groups of cod (particularly ages 1 and 2) were distributed far outside the standard survey area. The bottom trawl survey estimates including the extended area for 2014-2022 were used in the tuning data separately from the same index before 2014, as decided at WkBarFar 2021.

Lofoten acoustic survey on spawners Acronym: Lof-Aco-Q1

The estimated abundance indices from the Norwegian acoustic survey off Lofoten and Vesterålen (the main spawning area for this stock) in March/April are given in Table A4. A description of the survey, sampling effort and details of the estimation procedure can be found in Korsbrekke (1997). The 2022 survey results in biomass terms was 182 thousand tonnes, this is 21 % below the 2021 level and the lowest since 2006.

Russian autumn survey Acronym: RU-BTr-Q4

Abundance estimates from the Russian autumn survey (November-December) are given in Table A9 (acoustic estimates) and Table A10 (bottom trawl estimates). The entire bottom trawl time-series was in 2007 revised backwards to 1982 (Golovanov et al., 2007, WD3), using the same method as in the revision presented in 2006, which went back to 1994. The new swept area indices reflect Northeast Arctic cod stock dynamics more precisely compared to the previous one - catch per hour trawling. The Russian autumn survey in 2006 was carried out with reduced area coverage. Divisions 2a and 2b were adequately investigated in the survey in contrast to Subarea 1, where the survey covered approximately 40% of the long-term average area coverage. The Subarea 1 survey indices were calculated based on actual covered area (40 541 sq. miles). The 2007 AFWG decided to use the “final" year class indices without any correction because of satisfactory internal correspondence between year class abundances at age 2—9 years according to the 2006 survey and ones due to the previous surveys.

This survey was not conducted in 2016 , but was carried out in 2017, when 79% of the standard survey area was covered (Sokolov et al 2018, WD 11). The index shows a reliable internal consistence and it was decided to use it in the assessment. This survey was not carried out in 2018-2021 and will likely be discontinued.

Joint Ecosystem survey Acronym: Eco-NoRu-Q3 (Btr)

Swept area bottom trawl estimates from the joint Norwegian-Russian ecosystem survey in August-September for the period 2004–2021 are given in Table A14. This survey normally covers the entire distribution area of cod at that time of the year.

In 2014 this survey had an essential problem with area coverage in the north-west region because of difficult ice conditions. In the area covered by ice in 2014 a substantial part of population was distributed during 2013 survey. So, based on those observations AFWG decided in 2015 to exclude 2014 year from that tuning series in current assessment. In 2016 there was incomplete coverage in the international waters and close to the Murman coast. An adjustment for this incomplete coverage was made based on interpolation from adjacent areas (Kovalev et al 2017, WD 12). At this time of the year, usually a relatively small part of the cod stock is found in the area which was not covered in 2016. In 2017 and 2019 the coverage was close to complete, although the far northeastern part of the survey area (west of the north island of Novaya Zemlya) was not covered due to military restrictions. In 2018, a large area in the eastern part of the Barents Sea was not covered Thus it was decided not to include 2018 data from this survey in the assessment.

The coverage in 2020 was less synoptic than usual, as explained in Section 0.6. As the survey indices from the BESS 2020 showed an unexplainable large decline compared to the 2019 indices, it was considered to exclude 2020 indices from this survey, but it was decided to keep them in and re-evaluate next year whether they should still be included in the assessment. The 2021 coverage was good, although as in several previous years, most of the international waters in the Barents Sea was not covered. The mentioned re-evaluation has not been carried out.

The survey indices are calculated both the BioFox and StoX calculation methods, and as in earlier years, the Biofox series was used in the tuning. A research recommendation from WkBarFar was to unify these two methods for estimating indices from ecosystem survey. However, the benchmark decided to use weight at age from the StoX in calculations of weight at age used in the assessment.

Survey results - length and weight-at-age (Tables A5-A8, A11-A12, A15)

Length-at-age is shown in Table A5 for the Norwegian survey in the Barents Sea in winter, in Table A7 for the Lofoten survey and in Table A11 for the Russian survey in October-December. Weight-at-age is shown in Table A6 for the Norwegian survey in the Barents Sea in winter, in Table A8 for the Lofoten survey, Table A12 for the Russian survey in October-December and Table A15 for the BESS survey (calculated using StoX).

Length and weight at age in the Lofoten survey increased from 2021 to 2022 for age groups 5-6 and 8-11. The size at age in the BESS survey was about the same in 2021 as in 2020.

3.2.3 - Revision of 2021 survey results

Some errors in StoX software were found in summer 2021, affecting the 2021 winter survey results (bottom trawl and acoustic) for cod and haddock and thus a revised assessment was carried out in September 2021 for both stocks (as described in the AFWG 2021 report executive summary). Also an error in calculating the 12+ group for the bottom trawl survey for use in the tuning was corrected. After that some additional errors in StoX software have been found and corrected, final estimates for 2021 are in the survey report which is now published (Fall et al. 2022). In addition, the 2020 ecosystem survey indices and weight at age as well as the 2021 Lofoten survey indices and weight at age have been revised.

3.2.4 - Age reading

The joint Norwegian-Russian work on cod otolith reading has continued, with regular exchanges of otoliths and age readers (see ICES AFWG 2021 chapter 0.7). The results of fifteen years of annual comparative age readings are described in Yaragina et al. (2009). Zuykova et al. (2009) re-read old otoliths and found no significant difference in contemporary and historical age determination and subsequent length at age. However, age at first maturation in the historical material as determined by contemporary readers is younger than that determined by historical readers. Taking this difference into account would thus have effect on the spawning stock-recruitment relationship and thus on the biological reference points. The overall percentage agreement for the 2017–2018 exchange was 87.7% (WD 8, ICES 2020). The main reason for cod ageing discrepancies between Russian and Norwegian specialists remains the same, representing the latest summer growth zone, and different interpretations of the false zones. The general trend is that the Russian readers assign slightly lower ages than the Norwegian readers compared to the modal age for all age groups. This is opposite of what we have seen in previous readings, where the Russian readers has tended to be slightly overestimating the age compared to the Norwegian readers.

The trend with bias in NEA cod age determination registered for some years of the period 1992–2018 between experts of both countries is a solid argument to continue comparative cod age reading between PINRO and IMR to monitor the situation. The German participant has expressed an intention to join the age reading cooperation in future.

3.3 - Data available for use in assessment

Data for the period 1946–1983 are taken from the AFWG 2001 report (ICES CM 2001/ACFM:19) and were not revised at the WKBarFar benchmark in 2021.

3.3.1 - Catch-at-age (Table 3.6)

For 2021, age compositions from all areas were available from Norway, Russia, Spain and Germany.

There is still a concern about the biological sampling from parts of the Norwegian fishery that may be too low. Also the split between NEA cod and coastal cod may be affected by the sampling coverage.

3.3.2 - Survey indexes available for use in assessment (Table 3.13, A13)

The following survey data series were available:

Fleet code	Name	Place	Season	Age	Years
Fleet 15*	Joint bottom trawl survey	Barents Sea	Feb-Mar	3–12+	1981–2013, 2014-2022
Fleet 16	Joint acoustic survey	Barents Sea+Lofoten	Feb-Mar	3–12+	1985–2022
Fleet 18	Russian bottom trawl surv.	Total area	Oct-Dec	3–12+	1982–2017
Fleet 007	Ecosystem surv.	Total area	Aug-Sep	3–12+	2004–2021

*Survey indices for Fleet 15 were divided by two series (before and after 2014) in model tuning as decided at WKBarFar 2021.

The tuning fleet file is shown in Table 3.13. Note that the joint acoustic survey (sum of Barents Sea and Lofoten acoustic survey indices) is given in Table A13.

Survey indices for Fleet 15 have been multiplied by a factor 100, while survey indices for Fleets 007, 16 and 18 have been multiplied by a factor 10. This is done to keep the dynamics of the surveys even for very low indices, because some models (e.g. XSA) adds 1.0 to the indices before the logarithm is taken.

3.3.3 - Weight-at-age (Tables 3.7-3.9, A2, A4, A6, A8, A12).

Catch weights

For 2021, weight-at-age in the catch for areas 1, 2a and 2b was provided by Norway, Russia, Spain and Germany (Table 3.7). For ages up to and including 11, observations are used. Following the WKBarFar 2021 decision, weight at age in catch for the years 1983-present for ages 12-15+ are calculated by a cohort-based von Bertalanffy approach used to replace previous fixed values.

Stock weights

For ages 1—11 stock weights-at-age at the start of year y (W_a,y) for 1983—2022 are calculated combining, when available, weight at age from the Winter, Lofoten, Russian autumn and ecosystem surveys. The details are given in the Stock Annex. For ages 12-15+ a similar approach as for weight at age in the catch was used.

3.3.4 - Natural mortality including cannibalism (Table 3.12, Table 3.17)

A natural mortality (M) of 0.2 + cannibalism was used. Cannibalism is assumed to only affect natural mortality of ages 3-6.

2021 data are available and 2020 data have been updated.

The method used for calculation of the prey consumption by cod described by Bogstad and Mehl (1997) is used to calculate the consumption of cod by cod for use in cod stock assessment. The consumption is calculated based on cod stomach content data taken from the joint PINRO-IMR stomach content database (methods described in Mehl and Yaragina 1992). On average about 9000 cod stomachs from the Barents Sea have been analysed annually in the period 1984—2021.

These data are used to calculate the per capita consumption of cod by cod for each half-year (by prey age groups 0—6 and predator age groups 1–11+). It was assumed that the mature part of the cod stock is found outside the Barents Sea for three months during the first half of the year. Thus, consumption by cod in the spawning period was omitted from the calculations.

An iterative procedure was applied to include the per capita consumption data in the SAM run. It is described in detail in Stock Annex.

For the cod assessment data from annual sampling of cod stomachs has been used for estimating cannibalism, since the 1995 assessment. The argument has been raised that the uncertainty in such calculations are so large that they introduce too much noise in the assessment. A rather comprehensive analysis of the usefulness of this was presented in Appendix 1 in the 2004 AFWG report. The conclusion was that it improves the assessment.

The data on cod cannibalism for the historical period (1946—1983) was included in assessment during the benchmark to make the time-series consistent (ICES 2015a, WKARCT 2015). These estimates were based on hindcasted values of NEA cod natural mortality at ages 3—5 using PINRO data base on food composition from cod stomach for the historical period (Yaragina et al. 2018).

3.3.5 - Maturity-at-age (Tables 3.10-3.11)

Historical (pre–1982) Norwegian and Russian time-series on maturity ogives were reconstructed by the 2001 AFWG meeting (ICES CM 2001/ACFM:19). The Norwegian maturity ogives were constructed using the Gulland method for individual cohorts, based on information on age at first spawning from otoliths. For the time period 1946—1958 only the Norwegian data were available. The Russian proportions mature-at-age, based on visual examinations of gonads, were available from 1959.

Since 1982 Russian and Norwegian survey data have been used (Table 3.10). For the years 1985—2022, Norwegian maturity-at-age ogives have been obtained by combining the Barents Sea winter survey and the Lofoten survey. Russian maturity ogives from the autumn survey as well as from commercial fishery for November-February are available from 1984 until present. The Norwegian maturity ogives tend to give a higher percent mature-at-age compared to the Russian ogives, which is consistent with the generally higher growth rates observed in cod sampled by the Norwegian surveys. The percent mature-at-age for the Russian and Norwegian surveys have been arithmetically averaged for all years, except 1982—1983 when only Norwegian observations were used and 1984 when only Russian observations were used.

Russian data for the autumn survey for 2018 and later years were not available as the survey was not conducted. In WD1 5 , 2019, updated correction factors to allow for this when calculating the combined maturity-at-age in 2019 were calculated, based on historical differences between Norwegian and Russian data. These correction factors were then applied to the Norwegian data for 2020-2022.

The approach used for calculating maturity at age is the same as previously used and consistent with the approach used to estimate the weight-at-age in the stock, except that no data from the BESS survey are used. However, since survey data, both abundance indices and proportion mature, have been revised, the entire time series of ogives back to 1994 was revised at the benchmark. The proportions of mature cod for age 13–15 are set to 1 for the period 1984–present.

Maturity-at-age for cod has been variable the last five years, particularly for ages 6–9. According to the combined data, maturity at age decreased in 2015–2016, then increased, but decreased again from 2019 to 2022 for most age groups (Table 3.11).

3.4 - Assessment using SAM

3.4.1 - SAM settings (Table 3.14)

The SAM model settings optimised by WKBarFar are shown in Table 3.14.

3.4.2 - SAM diagnostics (Figure 3.1 and 3.2 a-c)

Residuals for the SAM run are shown in Figure 3.2a, while retrospective plots of F, SSB and recruitment are shown in Figure 3.2b. Figure 3.2c shows the catchability by survey and age group and Figure 3.2d compares observed and modelled catches in tonnes.

The retrospective pattern is generally very good (Figure 3.2b), with values of Mohn’s rho of 0-2% both for SSB, R and F.

The observed catch in tonnes in 2021 is higher than modelled, and just inside the confidence interval.

3.4.3 - Results of assessment (Tables 3.15-3.18, 3.20 , Figure 3.1)

Summaries of landings, fishing mortality, stock biomass, spawning stock biomass and recruitment since 1946 are given in Table 3.18 and Figure 3.1.

The fishing mortalities and population numbers are given in Tables 3.15 and 3.16.

The estimated F_5-10in 2021 is 0.48, which is above F_pa (Table 3.18). Fishing mortality has been increasing slowly in recent years. The spawning stock biomass in 2022 is estimated to be 833 kt (Table 3.20), which is high but much lower than the peak in 2013 (2,271 kt). One should bear in mind that in the early part of the time-series (before the 1980s) the fraction at age of mature fish was considerably lower.

Total stock biomass in 2022 is estimated to 1,98 5 kt, which is close to the long-term mean and well below the highest level observed after 1955 (3,766 kt in 2013).

It is noted that the exploitation pattern is still dome-shaped with a marked decrease in selectivity above age 12, although the dome-shape is not as strong than in assessments made before the 2021 benchmark.

M values (M = 0.2+cannibalism mortality) are given in Table 3.17. For ages 3—5 the M matrix in 1946—1983 also includes M2 since the benchmark meeting in 2015 (WKARCT 2015).

3.5 - Reference points and harvest control rules

The current reference points for Northeast Arctic cod were estimated by SGBRP (ICES CM 2003/ACFM:11) and adopted by ACFM at the May 2003 meeting.

At the 46th session of JRNFC a new version of the management rule was adopted (see section 3.7.3). The TAC advice for 2022 is based on the agreed harvest control rule.

3.5.1 - Biomass reference points

The values adopted by ACFM in 2003 are B_lim = 220 000 t, B_pa = 460 000 t. (ICES CM 2003/ACFM:11).

3.5.2 - Fishing mortality reference points

The values adopted by ACFM in 2003 are F_lim = 0.74 and F_pa = 0.40. (ICES CM 2003/ACFM:11). The F_msy for NEA cod was estimated by WKBaRFar 2021 to be in the range 0.40 - 0.60.

3.5.3 - Harvest control rule

The history of how the harvest control rule has developed is given in the 2017 AFWG report. JNRFC in 2015 asked ICES to explore the consequences of 10 different harvest control rules. This was done by WKNEAMP (ICES 2015b, 2016). JNRFC in 2016 adopted one of the rules explored by WKNEAMP (Rule 6 in that report).

The current rule reads as follows:

The TAC is calculated as the average catch predicted for the coming 3 years using the target level of exploitation (F_tr ).

The target level of exploitation is calculated according to the spawning stock biomass (SSB) in the first year of the forecast as follows:

- if SSB < B_pa, then F_tr= SSB / B_pa × F_msy ;

- if B_pa ≤ SSB ≤ 2×B_pa, then F_tr= F_msy ;

- if 2×B_pa < SSB < 3×B_pa, then F_tr= F_msy × (1 + 0.5 × (SSB - 2×B_pa) / B_pa );

- if SSB ≥ 3×B_pa, then F_tr= 1.5 × F_msy ;

where F_msy=0.40 and B_pa =460 000 tonnes.

If the spawning stock biomass in the present year, the previous year and each of the three years of prediction is above B_pa, the TAC should not be changed by more than +/- 20% compared with the previous year’s TAC. In this case, F_tr should however not be below 0.30.

3.6 - Prediction

3.6.1 - Prediction input (Tables 3.16, 3.19a , Figure 3. 3 )

The input data to the short-term prediction with management option table (2022—2025) are given in Table 3.19a. For 2022 stock weights and maturity were calculated from surveys as described in Sections 3.3.2 and 3.3.4.

Catch weights in 2022 onwards and stock weights in 2023 and onwards for age 3–11 are predicted by the method described by Brander (2002), where the latest observation of weights by cohort are used together with average annual increments to predict the weight of the cohort the following year. The method is given by the equation

W(a+1,y+1)=W(a,y) + Incr(a), where Incr(a) is a “medium term” average of Incr(a,y)= W(a+1,y+1)-W(a,y)

This method was introduced in the cod prediction in the 2003 working group. Since 2005 working group an average of the 3 most recent values of annual increments have been used for predicting stock weights. For catch weights the last 5-year period for averaging the increments is used (changed from 10-year period at the benchmark).

The maturity ogive for the years 2023—2025 was predicted by using the 2020-2022 average. The exploitation pattern in 2022 and later years was set equal to the previous 5 years according to the benchmark decision and as described at Stock Annex.

The stock number-at-age in 2022 was taken from the final SAM run (Table 3.16) for ages 4 and older. The recruitment at age 3 in the years 2022—2025 was estimated as described in section 3.7.2. Figure 3. 3 shows the development in natural mortality due to cannibalism for cod (prey) age groups 1-3 together with the abundance of capelin in the period 1984—2021. There was no clear trend in natural mortality, and the average M values for the last 3 years are used to predict natural mortality of age groups 3—6 for years 2022—2025 (based on benchmark decision, WKARCT 2015 and unchanged at WKBaRFar 2021).

The assessment shows a slightly increasing F from 2015 to 2021. In accordance with the benchmark decision (WKARCT 2015, not reviewed at WKBarFar 2021) and with support from AFWG-2019 WD 11 (Kovalev and Chetyrkin, 2019), the last year’s assessment F in terminal year 2021 (status quo) is used for F in the intermediate year (2022). Table 3.19 shows input data to the predictions. The results of prediction show that the catch in 2022 predicted using F_sq is about 68 kt less than the agreed TAC. As the coastal cod catch in recent years has been about 20 kt higher than the TAC of 21 kt, this means that if the total TAC for Northeast arctic cod and Coastal cod will be taken, the predicted catch using F_sqwill be about 48 kt below the TAC. Reported catches so far in 2022 indicate that the catches will be somewhat above the TAC of 708 480 tonnes, as the TAC in 2021 was underfished and a considerable amount (105 584 tonnes) was transferred to 2022.

3.6.2 - Recruitment prediction (Table 3.19b-d )

At the 2008 AFWG meeting it was decided to use a hybrid model, which is a weighted arithmetic mean of different recruitment models. It was agreed to use the same approach this year. The input data for those models are the following time-series; ice coverage, intensity of interaction between the arctic and boreal oceanic systems on the shelf of the Barents Sea, temperature and oxygen saturation at the Kola section. Input data to he prediction are presented in Tables 3.19b-c and prognosis from all the models, including the hybrid is presented in Table 3.19d. Since 2014 the hybrid model is based on objective weighting of different sub-models and includes the RCT3 model (see AFWG report 2021 section 1.4 for details). The numbers-at-age 3 calculated by the hybrid method were: 476 million for the 2019 year class, 566 million for the 2020 year class, 383 million for the 2021 year class and 315 million for the 2022 year class (Table 3.19d).

Although age 3 indices from the winter bottom trawl and acoustic surveys are now also included in the SAM tuning, it was decided at the benchmark to continue using in the predictions recruitment estimates at age 3 in the assessment year ( intermediate year in prediction) from the hybrid model. The difference between the SAM estimate and the hybrid model estimate of age 3 in 2022 was large (189 vs. 476 million individuals).

The values used for the 2019 and 2020 year classes in the prediction are higher than the very low survey indices for those year classes at age 1 and 2 indicate.

3.6.3 - Prediction results (Tables 3.20-3.21)

The catch corresponding to F_sq in 2022 is 641 kt (Table 3.20). The resulting SSB in 2023 is 751 kt, which is 10 % lower than the SSB in 2022. Table 3.20 shows the short-term consequences over a range of F-values in 2023. The detailed outputs corresponding to F_sq in 2022 and the F corresponding to the HCR and F_pa in 2023 is given in Table 3.21. Summarised results are shown in the text table below.

Since SSB in 2022 is between B_pa =460 000 t and 2 × B_pa = 920 000 t, F = 0.40 is used in the 3-year prediction, giving catches of 487 049, 476 906 and 468 560 tonnes in 2023, 2024 and 2025, respectively. The average of this is 477 505 tonnes. According to the HCR the maximum year-to-year decrease in TAC is limited by 20 % which corresponds to a TAC of 566 784 tonnes for 2023. The resulted TAC for 2023 in accordance with the management plan is shown in the table below.

Cod in subareas 1 and 2. Annual catch options. All weights are in tonnes.

Basis	Total catch (2023)	Ftotal (2023)	SSB(2024)	% SSB change *	% TAC change **	% Advice change ***
ICES advice basis
Management plan^	566 784	0.48	668 851	-11	-20	-20
Other options
MSY approach: F_MSY	487 049	0.40	731 342	-3	-31	-31
F = 0	0	0	1 134 101	51	-100	-100
F = F2021	564 475	0.4810	670 645	-11	-20	-20
F_pa	487 049	0.40	731 342	-3	-31	-31
F_lim	775 883	0.74	510 976	-32	10	10

Weights in tonnes.

^ 20 % decrease from TAC 2022

^* SSB 2024 relative to SSB 2023.

^**Catch 2023 relative to TAC 2022

^***Advice for 2023 relative to advice for 2022

This catch forecast covers all catches. It is then implied that all types of catches are to be counted against this TAC. It also means that if any overfishing is expected to take place, the above calculated TAC should be reduced by the expected amount of overfishing.

3.6.4 - Medium-term predictions

The medium-term prediction indicates that if the HCR is followed, the stock size should stop declining and stabilize from 2024 onwards, around the following values: total stock 1.7 million tonnes and SSB 700 000 tonnes, with corresponding catch levels around 450 000 tonnes.

3.7 - Comparison with last year’s assessment and prediction

3.7.1 - Comparison to 2021 assessment (Figure 3.7)

The text tables below compare this year’s estimates with the final 2021 AFWG estimates for numbers at age (millions), total biomass, spawning biomass (thousand tonnes) in 2021, as well as reference F for the year 2020.

tabell

In the current assessment, the number at ages 10-14 was adjusted upwards slightly compared to the 2021 AFWG assessment. For younger ages, the changes went in both directions, but mostly there was a decrease from 2021 assessment, with ages 6 and 7 being the main exception. On the other hand, the plus group in 2021 was adjusted downwards. TSB, SSB and F were very close to the previous assessment.

3.7.2 - Comparison to prediction

The change in the advice is large compared to last year. The advice for 2023 is 566 784 tonnes, while the advice for 2022 given by ICES was 708 480 tonnes.

The assessed stock in 2022 in comparison with the assessment in 2021 was very similar. The main tendency for stock decrease in coming years was similar. The average catch predicted for the coming 3 years, using the mentioned target level of exploitation (Ftr) in the HCR resulted in TAC advice equal to 566 784 t. This value corresponds to the - 20 % limit on year-to-year TAC change stated in the HCR, and is higher than the value without applying such a constraint (477 505 t).

3.8 - Concerns with the assessment

The WG realizes that imprecise input data, in particular the catch-at-age matrix, and discontinuation of some surveys as well as incomplete spatial coverage and reduced synopticity in surveys could be a main obstacle to producing precise stock assessments, regardless of which model is used.

3.9 - Additional assessment methods

All models use the same tuning data.

3.9.1 - TISVPA (Tables 3.22-3.24, Figure 3.6a-c )

This year the TISVPA model was applied to NEA cod with the same settings as last year and using the same data as SAM except that natural mortality values from cannibalism were taken from the SAM runs. During WG the results of exploratory runs using the TISVPA model were discussed. The residuals of the model approximation of catch-at-age and “fleets” data are presented in Figure 3.6a. Likelihood profiles for different data source are presented in Figure 3.6b. Retrospective run results are shown in Figure 3.6c. The results (Tables 3.22-3.24) generally support the results of the SAM model, with a similar SSB estimate but a lower TSB estimate in 2022 as well as a higher F estimate in 2021.

3.9.2 - Model comparisons ( Figures 3.2a, 3.6a, 3.7)

Figure 3.7 compares the results of SAM and TISVPA, showing F, SSB, TSB and recruitment. F in 2021 and SSB in 2022 is very similar for all models, while TSB and recruitment in recent years is lower in TISVPA than in SAM. Both models demonstrates a stable retrospective pattern (F igures 3.2a, 3.6c).

3.10 - New and revised data sources

This section describes some data sources, which could be revised or included in the assessment in the future.

3.10.1 - Consistency between NEA cod and coastal cod catch data (Table 3.2)

Consistency between the catch data used for NEA cod and coastal cod should be ensured. The revised catch figures used in the coastal cod assessment do not correspond to the difference between the total cod catch and the catch used in the NEA cod assessment (Table 3.2). These discrepancies will be adjusted when the NEA cod catch series are revised (section 3.2.2).

3.10.2 - Discard and bycatch data

Work on updating discard and bycatch data series is ongoing. Revised bycatch estimates in numbers for the period 2005-2020 are described in AFWG-2021 Section 0.6. At WKARCT in 2015 it was, however, decided not to include those data in the catch-at-age matrix.

The bycatch mainly consists of age 1 and 2 fish, but the bycatch is generally small compared to other reported sources of mortality: catches, discards and the number of cod eaten by cod. From 1992 onwards, bycatches of age 3 and older fish are negligible, because use of sorting grids was made mandatory. However, in 1985, bycatches of age 5 and 6 cod were about one third of the reported catches for those age groups. The year class for which the bycatches were highest, was the 1983 year class (total bycatch of age 2 and older fish of about 60 million, compared to a stock estimate of about 1300 million at age 3.

3.11 - References

Brander, K. 2002. Predicting weight at age. Internal ICES note to assessment working groups. 2003. Software implementation of process models. Working Document No. 2 to the Arctic Fisheries Working Group, San Sebastian, Spain, 23 April- 2 May 2003.

Fall, J., Wenneck, T. de Lange, Bogstad, B., Fuglebakk, E., Godiksen, J., Korsbrekke, K., Seim, S. E., Skage, M. L., Staby, A., Tranang, C. Aa., Windsland, K., Russkikh, A. A., and Kharlin, S. 2022. Fish investigations in the Barents Sea winter 2021. IMR-PINRO Joint Report Series 1-2022, 100 pp.

Golovanov S.E., Sokolov A.M., and Yaragina, N.A. 2007. Revised indices of the Northeast Arctic cod abundance according to the 1982-2006 data from Russian trawl-acoustic survey (TAS). Working Document #3 for AFWG 2007.

ICES 2001. Report of the Arctic Fisheries Working Group. Bergen, Norway, 24 April – 3 May 2001. ICES CM 2001/ACFM:19. 380 pp.

ICES 2003. Study Group on Biological Reference Points for Northeast Arctic Cod. Svanhovd, Norway 13-17 January 2003. ICES CM 2003/ACFM:11.

ICES 2015a. Report of the first Workshop on Management Plan Evaluation on Northeast Arctic cod and haddock and Barents Sea capelin ( WKNEAMP-1) , , . ICES CM 2015/ACOM:60, 27 pp.

ICES. 2015b. Report of the Benchmark Workshop on Arctic Stocks (WKARCT), 26-30 January 2015, ICES Headquarters, Denmark. ICES CM 2015\ACOM:31. 126 pp.

ICES 2016. Report of the second Workshop on Management Plan Evaluation on Northeast Arctic cod and haddock and Barents Sea capelin (WKNEAMP-2) , 25-28 January 2016, Kirkenes, Norway. ICES CM 2016/ACOM:47, 76 pp.

ICES. 2021. Benchmark Workshop for Barents Sea and Faroese Stocks (WKBARFAR 2021).

ICES Scientific Reports. 3:21. 205 pp. https://doi.org/10.17895/ices.pub.7920

ICES. 2021. Arctic Fisheries Working Group (AFWG). ICES Scientific Reports 3:58. 817 pp. https://doi.org/10.17895/ices.pub.8196

Jakobsen, T., Korsbrekke, K., Mehl, S., and Nakken, O. 1997. Norwegian combined acoustic and bottom trawl surveys for demersal fish in the Barents Sea during winter. ICES CM 1997/Y:17.

Korsbrekke, K. 1997. Norwegian acoustic survey of Northeast Arctic cod on the spawning grounds off Lofoten. ICES C.M 1997/Y:18.

Kovalev, Y., and Chetyrkin, A. 2019. What does NEA cod want for prediction - Fsq or TAC constrain? Working Document No. 11 to the Arctic Fisheries Working Group. ICES. 2019. Arctic Fisheries Working Group (AFWG). ICES Scientific Reports. 1:30. 934 pp.

Mehl, S., Aglen, A., Alexandrov, D.I., Bogstad, B., Dingsør, G.E., Gjøsæter, H., Johannesen, E., Korsbrekke, K., Murashko, P.A., Prozorkevich, D.V., Smirnov, O., Staby, A., and Wenneck, T. de Lange, 2013. Fish investigations in the Barents Sea winter 2007-2012. IMR-Pinro Joint Report Series 1-2013, 97 pp.

Mehl, S., Aglen, A., Bogstad, B., Dingsør, G.E., Gjøsæter, H., Godiksen, J., Johannesen, E., Korsbrekke, K., Staby, A., Wenneck, T. de Lange, Wienerroither, R., Murashko, P. A., and Russkikh, A. 2014. Fish investigations in the Barents Sea winter 2013-2014. IMR-PINRO Joint Report Series 2-2014, 73 pp.

Mehl, S. Aglen, A., Amelkin, A., Dingsør, G.E., Gjøsæter, H., Godiksen, Staby, A., Wenneck, T. de Lange, and Wienerroither, R. 2015. Fish investigations in the Barents Sea, winter 2015. IMR-PINRO report series 2-2015. 61 pp.

Mehl, S., Aglen, A., Bogstad, B., Dingsør, G.E., Korsbrekke, K., Olsen, E., Staby, A., Wenneck, T. de Lange, Wienerroither, R., Amelkin, A. V., and Russkikh, A. A. 2016. Fish investigations in the Barents Sea winter 2016. IMR-PINRO Joint Report Series 4-2016, 78 pp.

Mehl, S., Aglen, A., Bogstad, B., Staby, A., Wenneck, T. de Lange, and Wienerroither, R., 2017. Fish investigations in the Barents Sea winter 2017. IMR-PINRO Joint Report Series 2-2017, 87 pp.

Sokolov A., Russkikh A., Kharlin S., Kovalev Yu. A., and Yaragina N.A. 2018. Results of the Russian trawl-acoustic survey on cod and haddock in the Barents Sea and adjacent waters in October-December 2017. Working Document no. 11. ICES Arctic Fisheries Working Group, ICES CM 2018/ACOM:06.

Thygesen, U. H., Albertsen, C. M., Berg, C. W., Kristensen, K., and Nielsen, A. 2017. Validation of ecological state space models using the Laplace approximation Environmental and Ecological Statistics 24 (2): 317-339.

WD 15. 2019. Updated mean ratios between the combined and Norwegian data on weight at age and maturity at age in Northeast Arctic cod. Working document no 15, AFWG 2019.

Yaragina N.A. Nedreaas K.H., Koloskova V., Mjanger H., Senneset H., Zuykova N. and Ǻgotnes P. 2009. Fifteen years of annual Norwegian-Russian cod comparative age readings. Marine Biology Research 5(1): 54-65.

Zuykova N.V., Koloskova V.P., Mjanger H., Nedreaas K.H., Senneset H., Yaragina N.A., Ågotnes P. and Aanes S. 2009. Age determination of Northeast Arctic cod otoliths through 50 years of history. Marine Biology Research 5(1): 66-74.

Zuykova N.V., Mjanger H. et al. 2020. Report on the meeting between Norwegian and Russian age reading specialists at Polar Branch of FSBSI “VNIRO” Murmansk, 20-24 May 2019. Working document no 8 in: Report of the Arctic Fisheries Working Group (AFWG), 15-22 April 2020. ICES CM 2015/ACOM:05. 639 pp.

3.12 - Tables and figures

Table 3.1. Northeast Arctic COD. Total catch (t) by fishing areas and unreported catch.
Year	Subarea 1	Division 2.a	Division 2.b	Unreported catches	Total catch
1961	409 694	153 019	220 508		783 221
1962	548 621	139 848	220 797		909 266
1963	547 469	117 100	111 768		776 337
1964	206 883	104 698	126 114		437 695
1965	241 489	100 011	103 430		444 983
1966	292 253	134 805	56 653		483 711
1967	322 798	128 747	121 060		572 605
1968	642 452	162 472	269 254		1 074 084
1969	679 373	255 599	262 254		1 197 226
1970	603 855	243 835	85 556		933 246
1971	312 505	319 623	56 920		689 048
1972	197 015	335 257	32 982		565 254
1973	492 716	211 762	88 207		792 685
1974	723 489	124 214	254 730		1 102 433
1975	561 701	120 276	147 400		829 377
1976	526 685	237 245	103 533		867 463
1977	538 231	257 073	109 997		905 301
1978	418 265	263 157	17 293		698 715
1979	195 166	235 449	9 923		440 538
1980	168 671	199 313	12 450		380 434
1981	137 033	245 167	16 837		399 037
1982	96 576	236 125	31 029		363 730
1983	64 803	200 279	24 910		289 992
1984	54 317	197 573	25 761		277 651
1985	112 605	173 559	21 756		307 920
1986	157 631	202 688	69 794		430 113
1987	146 106	245 387	131 578		523 071
1988	166 649	209 930	58 360		434 939
1989	164 512	149 360	18 609		332 481
1990	62 272	99 465	25 263	25 000	212 000
1991	70 970	156 966	41 222	50 000	319 158
1992	124 219	172 532	86 483	130 000	513 234
1993	195 771	269 383	66 457	50 000	581 611
1994	353 425	306 417	86 244	25 000	771 086
1995	251 448	317 585	170 966		739 999
1996	278 364	297 237	156 627		732 228
1997	273 376	326 689	162 338		762 403
1998	250 815	257 398	84 411		592 624
1999	159 021	216 898	108 991		484 910
2000	137 197	204 167	73 506		414 870
2001	142 628	185 890	97 953		426 471
2002	184 789	189 013	71 242	90 000	535 045
2003	163 109	222 052	51 829	115 000	551 990
2004	177 888	219 261	92 296	117 000	606 445
2005	159 573	194 644	121 059	166 000	641 276
2006	159 851	204 603	104 743	67 100	537 642
2007	152 522	195 383	97 891	41 087	486 883
2008	144 905	203 244	101 022	15 000	464 171
2009	161 602	207 205	154 623		523 431
2010	183 988	271 337	154 657		609 983
2011	198 333	328 598	192 898		719 829
2012	247 938	331087	148 638		727 663
2013	360 673	421678	183 858		966 209
2014	320 347	468 934	197 168		986 449
2015	272405	375328	216651		864384
2016	321347	351468	176607		849422
2017	309902	360477	197898		868276
201 8	249397	321548	207681		778627
201 9	234985	318539	139084		692609
2020	234029	298707	160166		692903
2021¹	281198	268942	217144		767284
Data provided by Working Group members ¹ Provisional figure

Table 3.2. Catches of Norwegian Coastal Cod in subareas 1 and 2, 10 3 tonnes, which are removed from the NEA cod assessment.
Year	Norwegian catches of cod removed from the NEAC cod -assessment
v1960–70	38.6
1971–79	no data
1980	40
1981	49
1982	42
1983	38
1984	33
1985	28
1986	26
1987	31
1988	22
1989	17
1990	24
1991	25
1992	35
1993	44
1994	48
1995	39
1996	32
1997	36
1998	29
1999	23
2000	19
2001	14
2002	20
2003	19
2004	14
2005	13
2006	15
2007	13
2008	13
2009	15
2010	13.5
2011	18.8
2012	35.5
2013	30.1
2014	33.6
2015	35.8
2016	54.9
2017	51.0
2018	36.3
2019	40.1
2020	45.3
2021	42.0

Table 3.3. Northeast Arctic COD. Total nominal catch ('000 t) by trawl and other gear for each
Year	Subarea 1		Division 2.a		Division 2.b
Year	Trawl	Others	Trawl	Others	Trawl	Others
1967	238	84.8	38.7	90	121.1	-
1968	588.1	54.4	44.2	118.3	269.2	-
1969	633.5	45.9	119.7	135.9	262.3	-
1970	524.5	79.4	90.5	153.3	85.6	-
1971	253.1	59.4	74.5	245.1	56.9	-
1972	158.1	38.9	49.9	285.4	33	-
1973	459	33.7	39.4	172.4	88.2	-
1974	677	46.5	41	83.2	254.7	-
1975	526.3	35.4	33.7	86.6	147.4	-
1976	466.5	60.2	112.3	124.9	103.5	-
1977	471.5	66.7	100.9	156.2	110	-
1978	360.4	57.9	117	146.2	17.3	-
1979	161.5	33.7	114.9	120.5	8.1	-
1980	133.3	35.4	83.7	115.6	12.5	-
1981	91.5	45.1	77.2	167.9	17.2	-
1982	44.8	51.8	65.1	171	21	-
1983	36.6	28.2	56.6	143.7	24.9	-
1984	24.5	29.8	46.9	150.7	25.6	-
1985	72.4	40.2	60.7	112.8	21.5	-
1986	109.5	48.1	116.3	86.4	69.8	-
1987	126.3	19.8	167.9	77.5	129.9	1.7
1988	149.1	17.6	122	88	58.2	0.2
1989	144.4	19.5	68.9	81.2	19.1	0.1
1990	51.4	10.9	47.4	52.1	24.5	0.8
1991	58.9	12.1	73	84	40	1.2
1992	103.7	20.5	79.7	92.8	85.6	0.9
1993	165.1	30.7	155.5	113.9	66.3	0.2
1994	312.1	41.3	165.8	140.6	84.3	1.9
1995	218.1	33.3	174.3	143.3	160.3	10.7
1996	248.9	32.7	137.1	159	147.7	6.8
1997	235.6	37.7	150.5	176.2	154.7	7.6
1998	219.8	31	127	130.4	82.7	1.7
1999	133.3	25.7	101.9	115	107.2	1.8
2000	111.7	25.5	105.4	98.8	72.2	1.3
2001	119.1	23.5	83.1	102.8	95.4	2.5
2002	147.4	37.4	83.4	105.6	69.9	1.3
2003	146	17.1	107.8	114.2	50.1	1.8
2004	154.4	23.5	100.3	118.9	88.8	3.5
2005	132.4	27.2	87	107.7	115.4	5.6
2006	141.8	18.1	91.2	113.4	100.1	4.6
2007	129.6	22.9	84.8	110.6	91.6	6.3
2008	123.8	21.1	94.8	108.4	95.3	5.7
2009	130.1	31.5	102	105.2	142.1	11.4
2010	151.1	32.9	130	141.4	149.2	5.4
2011	158.1	38.4	163.5	167	181	11.9
2012	212.1	35.9	172.7	158.4	133.8	14.9
2013	308.5	52.2	216.9	204.7	159.7	24.1
2014	268.8	51.5	246.8	222.1	177.9	19.3
2015	224.3	48.1	192.2	183.2	197.7	19.0
2016	285.5	35.8	181.7	169.8	156.3	20.3
2017	265.4	44.5	189.5	171.0	180.0	17.9
201 8	204.7	44.7	156.7	164.9	192.0	15.6
201 9	199.4	35.6	177.8	140.7	128.9	10.1
2020	199.4	34.6	157.2	141.5	153.5	6.7
2021 ¹	220.8	60.4	120.2	148.7	202.1	15.1
Data provided by Working Group members ¹ Provisional figures

Table 3.4. Northeast Arctic COD. Nominal catch(t) by countries. (Subarea 1 and divisions 2a and 2b combined, data provided by Working group members
Year	Faroe Islands	France	German Dem. Rep.	Fed. Rep. Germany	Norway	Poland	United Kingdom	Russia ²		Others	Total all countries
1961	3 934	13 755	3 921	8 129	268 377	-	158 113	325 780		1 212	783 221
1962	3 109	20 482	1 532	6 503	225 615	-	175 020	476 760		245	909 266
1963	-	18 318	129	4 223	205 056	108	129 779	417 964		-	775 577
1964	-	8 634	297	3 202	149 878	-	94 549	180 550		585	437 695
1965	-	526	91	3 670	197 085	-	89 962	152 780		816	444 930
1966	-	2 967	228	4 284	203 792	-	103 012	169 300		121	483 704
1967	-	664	45	3 632	218 910	-	87 008	262 340		6	572 605
1968	-	-	225	1 073	255 611	-	140 387	676 758		-	1 074 084
1969	29 374	-	5 907	5 543	305 241	7 856	231 066	612 215		133	1 197 226
1970	26 265	44 245	12 413	9 451	377 606	5 153	181481	276 632		-	933 246
1971	5 877	34 772	4 998	9 726	407 044	1 512	80 102	144 802		215	689 048
1972	1 393	8 915	1 300	3405	394 181	892	58 382	96 653		166	565 287
1973	1 916	17 028	4 684	16 751	285 184	843	78 808	387 196		276	792 686
1974	5 717	46 028	4 860	78 507	287 276	9 898	90 894	540 801		38 453	1 102 434
1975	11 309	28 734	9 981	30 037	277 099	7435	101 843	343 580		19 368	829 377
1976	11 511	20 941	8 946	24 369	344 502	6 986	89 061	343 057		18 090	867 463
1977	9 167	15 414	3 463	12 763	388 982	1 084	86 781	369 876		17 771	905 301
1978	9 092	9 394	3 029	5 434	363 088	566	35 449	267 138		5 525	698 715
1979	6 320	3 046	547	2 513	294 821	15	17 991	105 846		9 439	440 538
1980	9 981	1 705	233	1 921	232 242	3	10 366	115 194		8 789	380 434
						Spain
1981	12 825	3 106	298	2 228	277 818	14 500	5 262	83 000		-	399 037
1982	11 998	761	302	1 717	287 525	14 515	6 601	40 311		-	363 730
1983	11 106	126	473	1 243	234 000	14 229	5 840	22 975		-	289 992
1984	10 674	11	686	1 010	230 743	8 608	3 663	22 256		-	277 651
1985	13 418	23	1 019	4 395	211 065	7 846	3 335	62 489		4 330	307 920
1986	18 667	591	1 543	10 092	232 096	5 497	7 581	150 541		3 505	430 113
1987	15 036	1	986	7 035	268 004	16 223	10 957	202 314		2 515	523 071
1988	15 329	2 551	605	2 803	223 412	10 905	8 107	169 365		1 862	434 939
1989	15 625	3 231	326	3 291	158 684	7 802	7 056	134 593		1 273	332 481
1990	9 584	592	169	1437	88 737	7 950	3 412	74 609		510	187 000
1991	8 981	975	Greenland	2 613	126 226	3 677	3 981	119 427 ³		3 278	269 158
1992	11 663	2	3 337	3 911	168 460	6 217	6 120	182 315	Iceland	1 209	383 234
1993	17435	3 572	5 389	5 887	221 051	8 800	11 336	244 860	9 374	3 907	531 611
1994	22 826	1 962	6 882	8 283	318 395	14 929	15 579	291 925	36 737	28 568	746 086
1995	22 262	4 912	7462	7428	319 987	15 505	16 329	296 158	34 214	15 742	739 999
1996	17 758	5 352	6 529	8 326	319 158	15 871	16 061	305 317	23 005	14 851	732 228
1997	20 076	5 353	6426	6 680	357 825	17 130	18 066	313 344	4 200	13 303	762 403
1998	14 290	1 197	6 388	3 841	284 647	14 212	14 294	244 115	1423	8 217	592 624
1999	13 700	2 137	4 093	3 019	223 390	8 994	11 315	210 379	1 985	5 898	484 910
2000	13 350	2 621	5 787	3 513	192 860	8 695	9 165	166 202	7 562	5 115	4 14 870
2001	12 500	2 681	5 727	4 524	188 431	9 196	8 698	183 572	5 917	5 225	426 471
2002	15 693	2 934	6419	4 517	202 559	8 414	8 977	184 072	5 975	5 484	445 045
2003	19 427	2 921	7 026	4 732	191 977	7 924	8 711	182 160	5 963	6 149	436 990
2004	19 226	3 621	8 196	6 187	212 117	11 285	14 004	201 525	7 201	6 082	489 445
2005	16 273	3 491	8 135	5 848	207 825	9 349	10 744	200 077	5 874	7 660	475 276
2006	16 327	4 376	8 164	3 837	201 987	9 219	10 594	203 782	5 972	6 271	470 527
2007	14 788	3 190	5951	4619	199 809	9 496	9298	186 229	7316	5 101	445 796
2008	15 812	3 149	5 617	4 955	196 598	9 658	8 287	190 225	7 535	7 336	449 171
2009	16 905	3 908	4 977	8 585	224 298	12 013	8 632	229 291	7 380	7442	523 431
2010	15 977	4 499	6 584	8 442	264 701	12 657	9 091	267 547	11 299	9 185	609 983
2011	13 429	1 173	7 155	4 621	331 535	13 291	8 210	310 326	12 734	17 354 ⁴	719 829
2012 ⁵	17523	2841	8520	8 500	315 739	12814	11166	329 943	9536	11 081	727 663
2013	13833	7858	7885	8 010	438 734	15042	12536	432 314	14734	15 263	966 209
2014	33298	8149	10864	6 225	431 846	16378	14762	433 479	18205	13 243	986 449
2015	26568	7480	7055	6427	377 983	19905	11778	381 188	16120	9 880	864 384
2016	24084	7946	8607	6 336	348 949	14640	13583	394 107	16031	15 139	849 422
2017	28637	9554	13638	5 977	357419	144 14	16731	396 180	11925	13 802	868 276
2018	26152	6605	12743	9 768	333 539	13143	11533	340 364	10708	14 071	778 627
2019	22270	6371	7553	8 470	282 120	13939	11214	316 813	12294	11 565	692 609
2020	21679	5796	7391	9 725	289 472	11403	12113	312 683	9734	12 908	692 903
2021 ¹	21767	4459	8246	6 190	337 931	11080	5426	352 064	8933	11 188	767 284
¹ Provisional figures. ² USSR prior to 1991. ³ Includes Baltic countries. ⁴ Includes unspecified EU catches. ⁵ Revised figures.

Table 3.5. Barents Sea winter survey. Area covered (‘000 square nautical miles) and areas implied in the method used to adjust for missing coverage in Russian Economic Zone. In 4 of the 5 adjusted years the adjustments were not based on area ratios, but the “index ratio by age” was used. This means that the index by age (for the area outside REZ) was scaled by the observed ratio between total index and the index outside REZ observed in the years prior to the survey.
Year	Area covered	Additional area implied in adjustment	Adjustment method
1981-92	88.1
1993	137.6
1994	161.1
199 5	191.9
1996	166.1
1997	88.4	56.2	Index ratio by age
1998	100.4	51.1	Index ratio by age
1999	118.5
2000	163.2
2001	164.7
2002	157.4
2003	147.4
2004	164.4
2005	179.9
2006	170.1	18.1	Partly covered strata raised to full strata area
2007	123.9	56.7	Index ratio by age
2008	165.2
2009	171.8
2010	160.5
2011	174.3
2012	151.3	16.7	Index ratio by age
2013	20 3.6
2014	2 66.8
2015	243.3
2016	228.0
2017	184.4	37.5	Index ratio by age
2018	236.3
2019	241.2
2020	203.2	25.1	Index ratio by age
2021	242.9	10.9	Index ratio by age
2022	242.4

Table 3.6. Northeast Arctic cod. Catch numbers-at-age (Thous)
Year_age	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	+gp
1946	4008	10387	18906	16596	13843	15370	59845	22618	10093	9573	5460	1927	750
1947	710	13192	43890	52017	45501	13075	19718	47678	31392	9348	9330	4622	4103
1948	140	3872	31054	55983	77375	21482	15237	9815	30041	7945	4491	3899	4205
1949	991	6808	35214	100497	83283	29727	13207	5606	8617	13154	3657	1895	2167
1950	1281	10954	29045	45233	62579	30037	19481	9172	6019	4133	6750	1662	1450
1951	24687	77924	64013	46867	37535	33673	23510	10589	4221	1288	1002	3322	611
1952	24099	120704	113203	73827	49389	20562	24367	15651	8327	3565	647	467	1044
1953	47413	107659	112040	55500	22742	16863	10559	10553	5637	1752	468	173	156
1954	11473	155171	146395	100751	40635	10713	11791	8557	6751	2370	896	268	123
1955	3902	37652	201834	161336	84031	30451	13713	9481	4140	2406	867	355	128
1956	10614	24172	129803	250472	86784	51091	14987	7465	3952	1655	1292	448	166
1957	17321	33931	27182	70702	87033	39213	17747	6219	3232	1220	347	299	173
1958	31219	133576	71051	40737	38380	35786	13338	10475	3289	1070	252	40	141
1959	32308	77942	148285	53480	18498	17735	23118	9483	3748	997	254	161	98
1960	37882	97865	64222	67425	23117	8429	7240	11675	4504	1843	354	102	226
1961	45478	132655	123458	51167	38740	17376	5791	6778	5560	1682	910	280	108
1962	42416	170566	167241	89460	28297	21996	7956	2728	2603	1647	392	280	103
1963	13196	106984	205549	95498	35518	16221	11894	3884	1021	1025	498	129	157
1964	5298	45912	97950	58575	19642	9162	6196	3553	783	172	387	264	131
1965	15725	25999	78299	68511	25444	8438	3569	1467	1161	131	61	79	197
1966	55937	55644	34676	42539	37169	18500	5077	1495	380	403	77	9	70
1967	34467	160048	69235	22061	26295	25139	11323	2329	687	316	225	40	14
1968	3709	174585	267961	107051	26701	16399	11597	3657	657	122	124	70	46
1969	2307	24545	238511	181239	79363	26989	13463	5092	1913	414	121	23	46
1970	7164	10792	25813	137829	96420	31920	8933	3249	1232	260	106	39	35
1971	7754	13739	11831	9527	59290	52003	12093	2434	762	418	149	42	25
1972	35536	45431	26832	12089	7918	34885	22315	4572	1215	353	315	121	40
1973	294262	131493	61000	20569	7248	8328	19130	4499	677	195	81	59	55
1974	91855	437377	203772	47006	12630	4370	2523	5607	2127	322	151	83	62
1975	45282	59798	226646	118567	29522	9353	2617	1555	1928	575	231	15	37
1976	85337	114341	79993	118236	47872	13962	4051	936	558	442	139	26	53
1977	39594	168609	136335	52925	61821	23338	5659	1521	610	271	122	92	54
1978	78822	45400	88495	56823	25407	31821	9408	1227	913	446	748	48	51
1979	8600	77484	43677	31943	16815	8274	10974	1785	427	103	59	38	45
1980	3911	17086	81986	40061	17664	7442	3508	3196	678	79	24	26	8
1981	3407	9466	20803	63433	21788	9933	4267	1311	882	109	37	3	1
1982	8948	20933	19345	28084	42496	8395	2878	708	271	260	27	5	5
1983	3108	19594	20473	17656	17004	18329	2545	646	229	74	58	20	5
1984	6942	14240	18807	20086	15145	8287	5988	783	232	153	49	12	8
1985	24634	45769	27806	19418	11369	3747	1557	768	137	36	31	32	8
1986	28968	70993	78672	25215	11711	4063	976	726	557	136	28	34	14
1987	13648	137106	98210	61407	13707	3866	910	455	187	227	21	59	20
1988	9828	22774	135347	54379	21015	3304	1236	519	106	69	43	14	5
1989	5085	17313	32165	81756	27854	5501	827	290	41	13	1	11	16
1990	1911	7551	12999	17827	30007	6810	828	179	59	15	6	5	2
1991	4963	10933	16467	20342	19479	25193	3888	428	48	12	1	1	2
1992	21835	36015	27494	23392	18351	13541	18321	2529	264	82	3	9	1
1993	10094	46182	63578	33623	14866	9449	6571	12593	1749	377	63	22	1
1994	6531	59444	102548	59766	32504	10019	6163	3671	7528	995	121	19	4
1995	4879	42587	115329	98485	32036	7334	3014	1725	1174	1920	222	41	1
1996	7655	28782	80711	100509	54590	10545	2023	930	462	230	809	84	1
1997	12827	36491	69633	83017	65768	28392	4651	1151	373	213	144	238	1
1998	31887	88874	48972	40493	34513	26354	6583	965	197	69	42	22	53
1999	7501	77714	92816	31139	15778	15851	8828	1837	195	40	34	8	30
2000	4701	33094	93044	47210	12671	6677	4787	1647	321	71	11	1	14
2001	5044	35019	62139	62456	22794	5266	1773	1163	343	85	6	7	22
2002	2348	31033	76175	67656	42122	11527	1801	529	223	120	21	9	6
2003	7263	20885	64447	71109	36706	14002	2887	492	142	97	21	43	1
2004	2090	38226	50826	68350	50838	18118	6239	1746	295	127	39	16	8
2005	5815	19768	113144	61665	44777	20553	6285	2348	562	100	21	24	7
2006	8548	47207	33625	78150	31770	15667	7245	1788	737	210	26	45	155
2007	25473	43817	62877	26303	34392	11240	4080	1381	505	285	44	13	35
2008	8459	51704	40656	35072	14037	20676	5503	1794	715	229	42	26	13
2009	4866	38711	83998	46639	20789	8417	8920	1957	872	987	76	21	20
2010	1778	16193	53855	75853	36797	17062	4784	4325	3034	913	189	49	35
2011	1418	8033	32472	70938	73875	21116	11708	5058	3237	600	434	12	0
2012	2695	10462	16646	40372	70014	48315	12326	5214	1926	1124	317	70	24
2013	2903	13659	22752	21020	54231	74451	47124	9143	2963	694	449	89	145
2014	5234	19226	38407	36633	29901	56109	47540	22738	3717	1169	313	210	157
2015	4315	31383	41181	51209	33745	22530	23609	24553	16071	2510	468	134	254
2016	2076	11291	50231	43609	35265	23417	14592	20105	15862	4781	871	249	308
2017	6535	13128	28365	66504	46136	28507	15307	10073	12169	6465	1927	399	285
2018	6120	28569	27128	33816	54328	28323	16208	9722	7132	3740	2295	840	271
2019	4389	21405	48422	29849	26548	39759	17395	8883	4606	2109	715	564	322
2020	3992	22446	37649	52454	31009	20904	23618	11768	6130	1572	591	310	278
2021	2983	17935	54005	59732	59136	22397	14744	13589	4919	1737	678	228	344

Table 3.7. Northeast Arctic COD. Weights-at-age (kg) in landings from various countries
Year	Age
Year	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15+
Norway
1983	0.41	0.82	1.32	2.05	2.82	3.94	5.53	7.70	9.17	11.46	16.59	16.42	16.96	24.46
1984	1.16	1.47	1.97	2.53	3.13	3.82	4.81	5.95	7.19	7.86	8.46	7.99	9.78	10.64
1985	0.34	0.99	1.43	2.14	3.27	4.68	6.05	7.73	9.86	11.87	14.16	14.17	13.52	15.33
1986	0.30	0.67	1.34	2.04	3.14	4.60	5.78	6.70	7.52	9.74	10.68	12.86	9.59	16.31
1987	0.24	0.48	0.88	1.66	2.72	4.35	6.21	8.78	9.78	12.50	13.75	15.12	10.43	19.95
1988	0.36	0.56	0.83	1.31	2.34	3.84	6.50	8.76	9.97	11.06	14.43	19.02	12.89	10.16
1989	0.53	0.75	0.90	1.17	1.95	3.20	4.88	7.82	9.40	11.52	11.47		19.47	14.68
1990	0.40	0.81	1.22	1.59	2.14	3.29	4.99	7.83	10.54	14.21	17.63	7.97	14.64
1991	0.63	1.37	1.77	2.31	3.01	3.68	4.63	6.06	8.98	12.89	17.00		14.17	16.63
1992	0.41	1.10	1.79	2.45	3.22	4.33	5.27	6.21	8.10	10.51	11.59		15.81	6.52
1993	0.30	0.83	1.70	2.41	3.35	4.27	5.45	6.28	7.10	7.82	10.10	16.03	19.51	17.68
1994	0.30	0.82	1.37	2.23	3.35	4.27	5.56	6.86	7.45	7.98	9.53	12.16	11.45	19.79
1995	0.44	0.78	1.26	1.87	2.80	4.12	5.15	5.96	7.90	8.67	9.20	11.53	17.77	21.11
1996	0.29	0.90	1.15	1.67	2.58	4.08	6.04	6.62	7.96	9.36	10.55	11.41	9.51	24.24
1997	0.35	0.78	1.14	1.56	2.25	3.48	5.35	7.38	7.55	8.30	11.15	8.64	12.80
1998	0.38	0.68	1.03	1.64	2.23	3.24	4.85	6.88	9.18	9.84	15.78	14.37	13.77	15.58
1999	0.46	0.88	1.16	1.65	2.40	3.12	4.26	6.00	6.52	10.64	14.05	12.67	9.20	17.22
2000	0.31	0.65	1.23	1.80	2.54	3.58	4.49	5.71	7.54	7.86	12.71	14.71	15.40	20.26
2001	0.30	0.77	1.18	1.83	2.75	3.64	4.88	5.93	7.43	8.90	10.22	11.11	13.03	18.85
2002	0.31	0.90	1.40	1.90	2.60	3.55	4.60	5.80	7.40	9.56	8.71	12.92	8.42	17.61
2003	0.55	0.88	1.39	2.01	2.63	3.59	4.83	5.57	7.262	9.36	9.52	9.52	10.68	21.66
2004	0.54	1.08	1.41	1.95	2.69	3.46	4.77	6.72	7.90	8.66	12.21	14.02	16.50	11.37
2005	0.58	0.92	1.38	1.86	2.61	3.54	4.57	6.41	8.24	9.89	11.04	14.08	11.81	20.08
2006	0.51	0.97	1.45	2.06	2.71	3.56	4.57	5.53	6.61	7.53	8.55	8.44	9.82	12.31
2007	0.53	1.07	1.70	2.37	3.26	4.36	5.45	6.71	8.08	8.56	9.75	11.72	12.72	15.58
2008	0.65	1.12	1.70	2.44	3.32	4.41	5.61	6.84	8.25	9.31	10.54	12.45	13.59	21.15
2009	0.56	0.98	1.47	2.10	2.83	3.90	5.06	5.76	7.31	7.79	7.81	10.68	11.83	14.76
2010	0.55	0.95	1.46	2.06	2.93	4.02	5.40	6.44	7.19	8.43	9.11	10.46	11.39	15.55
2011	0.53	1.09	1.50	2.06	2.85	3.70	5.01	6.26	7.33	8.34	9.87	13.23
2012		0.83	1.32	1.92	2.65	3.52	4.71	6.34	8.11	9.92	11.31	13.45	15.75
2013	0.43	0.95	1.40	2.00	2.64	3.44	4.51	5.67	7.29	8.80	10.33	11.38	12.56
2014	0.59	1.07	1.55	2.15	2.80	3.70	4.57	5.78	6.97	8.35	9.46	10.99	12.28	15.49
2015	0.64	0.96	1.42	1.96	2.57	3.30	4.13	5.49	6.46	7.18	8.63	10.37	12.24	14.60
2016	0.59	0.96	1.46	1.99	2.71	3.57	4.56	5.78	6.82	8.08	9.33	10.01	11.68	14.79
2017	0.55	0.99	1.53	2.06	2.69	3.64	4.72	5.91	6.91	7.88	9.41	10.93	11.78	15.07
2018	0.62	1.05	1.51	2.11	2.80	3.48	4.54	5.80	6.97	7.64	9.11	10.29	11.35	14.05
2019	0.51	0.96	1.43	2.02	2.72	3.60	4.51	5.80	6.91	7.94	8.89	10.94	11.55	14.49
2020	0.58	0.94	1.42	2.01	2.66	3.50	4.59	5.77	7.03	8.46	9.78	10.97	12.74	16.08
2021	0.39	0.75	1.27	1.86	2.55	3.42	4.52	5.86	7.13	8.55	10.09	11.79	12.98	15.75

Table 3.7. Northeast Arctic COD. Weights-at-age (kg) in landings from various countries (continued)
Year	Age
Year	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15+
Russia (trawl only)
1983	0.65	1.05	1.58	2.31	3.39	4.87	6.86	8.72	10.40	12.07	14.43
1984	0.53	0.88	1.45	2.22	3.21	4.73	6.05	8.43	10.34	12.61	14.95
1985	0.33	0.77	1.31	1.84	2.96	4.17	5.94	6.38	8.58	10.28
1986	0.29	0.61	1.14	1.75	2.45	4.17	6.18	8.04	9.48	11.33	12.35	14.13
1987	0.24	0.52	0.88	1.42	2.07	2.96	5.07	7.56	8.93	10.80	13.05	18.16
1988	0.27	0.49	0.88	1.32	2.06	3.02	4.40	6.91	9.15	11.65	12.53	14.68
1989	0.50	0.73	1.00	1.39	1.88	2.67	4.06	6.09	7.76	9.88
1990	0.45	0.83	1.21	1.70	2.27	3.16	4.35	6.25	8.73	10.85	13.52
1991	0.36	0.64	1.05	2.03	2.85	3.77	4.92	6.13	8.36	10.44	15.84	19.33
1992	0.55	1.20	1.44	2.07	3.04	4.24	5.14	5.97	7.25	9.28	11.36
1993	0.48	0.78	1.39	2.06	2.62	4.07	5.72	6.79	7.59	11.26	14.79	17.71
1994	0.41	0.81	1.24	1.80	2.55	2.88	4.96	6.91	8.12	10.28	12.42	16.93
1995	0.37	0.77	1.21	1.74	2.37	3.40	4.71	6.73	8.47	9.58	12.03	16.99
1996	0.30	0.64	1.09	1.60	2.37	3.42	5.30	7.86	8.86	10.87	11.80
1997	0.30	0.57	1.00	1.52	2.18	3.30	4.94	7.15	10.08	11.87	13.54
1998	0.33	0.68	1.06	1.60	2.34	3.39	5.03	6.89	10.76	12.39	13.61	14.72
1999	0.24	0.58	0.98	1.41	2.17	3.26	4.42	5.70	7.27	10.24	14.12
2000	0.18	0.48	0.85	1.44	2.16	3.12	4.44	5.79	7.49	9.66	10.36
2001	0.12	0.31	0.62	1.00	1.53	2.30	3.31	4.57	6.55	8.11	9.52	11.99
2002	0.20	0.60	1.05	1.46	2.14	3.27	4.47	6.23	8.37	10.06	12.37
2003	0.23	0.63	1.06	1.78	2.40	3.41	4.86	6.28	7.55	11.10	13.41	12.12	14.51
2004	0.30	0.57	1.09	1.55	2.37	3.20	4.73	6.92	8.41	9.77	11.08
2005	0.33	0.65	0.98	1.50	2.10	3.08	4.31	5.81	8.42	10.37	13.56	14.13
2006	0.27	0.68	1.05	1.49	2.25	3.16	4.54	5.90	8.59	10.31	12.31
2007	0.23	0.67	1.12	1.66	2.25	3.31	4.57	6.27	8.20	10.02	12.36	12.42
2008	0.28	0.64	1.16	1.74	2.65	3.58	4.74	5.73	7.32	8.07	9.52	12.52
2009	0.31	0.64	1.09	1.58	2.11	3.19	4.80	6.58	7.97	9.84	11.51
2010	0.25	0.57	1.00	1.64	2.28	3.14	4.53	5.98	8.03	9.71	10.70	13.53
2011	0.25	0.62	1.05	1.56	2.18	2.95	4.33	6.21	8.04	10.13	12.25	15.18
2012	0.29	0.60	1.07	1.66	2.25	2.95	4.17	6.23	8.58	11.08	12.24	14.07	15.22	16.39
2013	0.33	0.63	1.05	1.54	2.26	3.09	4.08	5.47	7.37	9.59	12.57	15.54	17.05
2014	0.32	0.61	1.05	1.61	2.26	3.15	4.00	5.24	7.13	9.46	11.18	14.47
2015	0.30	0.60	0.97	1.49	2.11	3.13	4.64	5.78	7.13	9.53	12.12	16.71	17.37
2016	0.26	0.55	0.97	1.53	2.20	3.19	4.50	6.12	7.97	9.55	10.95	14.35	14.74	17.25
2017	0.33	0.63	1.03	1.56	2.24	3.24	4.67	6.34	7.74	9.40	11.12	14.43	16.67	11.91
2018	0.33	0.68	1.06	1.62	2.40	3.22	4.66	6.23	7.79	8.91	10.26	11.26	13.41	10.14
2019	0.29	0.62	1.10	1.60	2.33	3.22	4.44	6.45	8.10	9.60	11.02	13.83	10.65	10.65
2020	0.27	0.47	0.93	1.44	2.05	2.95	4.28	5.73	7.59	8.45	10.66	12.26	12.18	12.23
2021	0.19	0.44	0.76	1.35	2.02	2.81	4.25	6.26	7.81	9.59	10.67	10.86	13.62	12.31

Table 3.7. Northeast Arctic COD. Weights-at-age (kg) in landings from various countries (continued)
Year	Age
Year	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15+
Germany (Division IIa and IIb)
1994		0.68	1.04	2.24	3.49	4.51	5.79	6.93	8.16	8.46	8.74	9.48	15.25
1995		0.44	0.84	1.5	2.72	3.81	4.46	4.81	7.37	7.69	8.25	9.47
1996		0.84	1.15	1.64	2.53	3.58	4.13	3.9	4.68	6.98	6.43	11.32
1997		0.43	0.92	1.42	2.01	3.15	4.04	5.16	4.82	3.96	7.04	8.8
1998	0.23	0.73	1.17	1.89	2.72	3.25	4.13	5.63	6.5	8.57	8.42	11.45	8.79
1999¹		0.853	1.448	1.998	2.65	3.473	4.156	5.447	6.82	5.902		8.01
2000²	0.26	0.73	1.36	2.04	2.87	3.67	4.88	5.78	7.05	8.45	8.67	9.33	6.88
2001	0.38	0.80	1.21	1.90	2.74	3.90	4.99	5.69	7.15	7.32	11.72	9.11	6.60
2002	0.35	1.00	1.31	1.80	2.53	3.64	4.38	5.07	6.82	9.21	7.59	13.18	19.17	19.20
2003	0.22	0.44	1.04	1.71	2.31	3.27	4.93	6.17	7.77	9.61	9.99	12.29	13.59
2004²	0.22	0.73	1.01	1.75	2.58	3.33	4.73	6.32	7.20	8.45	9.20	11.99	10.14	13.11
2005³	0.57	0.77	1.13	1.66	2.33	3.36	4.38	5.92	6.65	7.26	10.01	11.14
2006²	0.71	0.91	1.39	1.88	2.56	3.77	5.33	6.68	9.14	10.89	11.51	16.83	18.77
2007³	0.59	1.35	1.79	2.51	3.53	4.00	4.95	6.55	7.54	9.71	11.40	11.57	23.34	15.61
2008³	0.23	0.51	1.14	1.76	2.57	3.15	4.40	5.43	7.18	8.39	10.15	10.03	10.99	14.26
2009³	0.35	0.60	1.19	1.83	2.96	4.08	5.61	6.97	8.55	9.13	10.54	13.34	10.30	17.06
2010³	0.36	0.67	0.93	1.71	2.46	3.21	4.93	6.75	7.80	8.70	8.53	10.17	12.36	14.11
2011¹			1.75	3.09	3.30	3.28	4.13	4.99	6.61	7.91	9.38	10.79	14.67	14.91
2013³			1.03	1.37	1.87	2.65	3.45	4.49	7.26	11.42	12.86	13.07
2014⁴		0.68	0.96	1.39	1.69	3.06	4.07	5.65	8.15	10.36	13.07	13.52
2015⁴	0.82	1.05	1.67	2.33	3.56	4.50	5.41	6.20	6.39
2016¹		1.38	2.60	3.55	4.81	6.33	7.61	8.90	9.26	10.83	13.41	16.84	17.03	17.76
2017¹		1.58	2.79	3.93	3.93	4.77	6.35	8.16	9.09	10.39	11.24	12.48	14.39	13.04
2018³	0.58	1.16	1.76	2.45	3.34	4.13	5.81	7.16	8.99	9.96	10.85	11.73	14.01	17.79
2019¹		0.82	1.37	1.80	2.26	3.49	4.45	5.44	7.08	9.25	9.39	13.30	12.24	15.25
2020⁵			1.6	1.63	2.48	3.13	5.01	5.93	8.36	9.31	12.16	12.96	12.77	14.08
2021²		0.68	1.3	1.52	2.25	3.22	4.58	6.49	7.43	10.37	11.73	14.64	14.34	15.74
¹Division IIa only ²IIa and IIb combined ³I,IIa and IIb combined ⁴Division II b only ⁵I and IIa combined

Table 3.7. Northeast Arctic COD. Weights at age (kg) in landings from various countries (continued)
Year	Age
Year	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15+
Spain (Division IIb)
1994	0.43	1.08	1.38	2.32	2.47	2.68	3.46	5.20	7.04	6.79	7.20	8.04	10.46	15.35
1995	0.42	0.51	0.98	1.99	3.41	4.95	5.52	8.62	9.21	11.42	9.78	8.08
1996		0.66	1.12	1.57	2.43	3.17	3.59	4.44	5.48	6.79	8.10
1997¹	0.51	0.65	1.22	1.68	2.60	3.39	4.27	6.67	7.88	11.34	13.33	10.03	8.69
1998	0.47	0.74	1.15	1.82	2.44	3.32	3.71	5.00	7.26
1999¹	0.21	0.69	1.06	1.69	2.50	3.32	4.72	5.76	6.77	7.24	7.63
2000¹	0.23	0.61	1.24	1.75	2.47	3.12	4.65	6.06	7.66	10.94	11.40	7.20
2001	0.23	0.64	1.25	1.95	2.86	3.55	4.95	6.46	8.50	11.07	13.09
2002	0.16	0.55	1.00	1.48	2.17	3.29	4.47	5.35	8.29	12.23	9.01	12.16	15.2
2003		0.58	1.05	1.70	2.33	3.33	4.92	6.24	9.98	13.07	14.74	14.17
2004¹	0.31	0.56	0.80	1.28	1.96	2.59	3.72	5.36	5.28	7.41		11.43
2005¹		0.63	1.14	1.85	2.48	3.43	4.25	5.38	8.41	11.19	15.04	16.93
2006	0.30	0.61	0.99	1.46	2.04	2.55	3.39	3.50	4.70	6.36
2007	0.42	0.60	1.20	1.76	2.40	3.18	3.96	5.19	6.61	9.48	7.65	12.65	15.74	19.66
2009¹	0.12	0.45	0.95	1.60	2.18	3.36	4.52	6.04	7.30	9.42	10.35	11.47	12.54
2010²	0.18	0.56	1.11	1.73	2.36	3.36	5.14	6.88	8.64	9.65	6.83
2011¹		0.45	0.90	1.26	1.84	2.55	4.08	5.61	8.17	8.14	7.31	8.91
2012²		0.40	0.84	1.29	1.96	2.78	3.71	4.99	7.42		7.19	9.32
2013	0.17	0.72	1.06	1.63	2.36	3.14	3.90	4.36	6.55
2014	0.24	0.43	0.74	1.27	1.85	2.60	3.56	4.51	5.52	7.18	9.42	9.26	13.16	15.05
2015²		0.40	0.80	1.19	1.79	2.45	3.38	4.41	5.85	6.64	7.48	6.77
2016³	0.11	0.38	0.76	1.20	1.72	2.50	3.39	4.96	7.11	8.56
2017²	0.12	0.42	0.75	1.17	1.69	2.50	3.39	4.47	5.69	5.93	6.00	10.91	13.57	10.52
2018²	0.19	0.45	0.83	1.30	1.86	2.57	3.55	4.92	5.51	7.84	7.08	7.28
2019²	0.19	0.39	0.90	1.30	1.85	2.65	3.48	4.83	5.96	5.67	7.04	8.36
2021²		0.36	0.60	1.20	1.83	2.49	3.11	4.55	6.10	6.50	7.03		9.013	17.13
¹IIa and IIb combined ²I,IIa and IIb combined ³I and IIb combined
Iceland (Sub-area I)
1994	0.42	0.85	1.44	2.77	3.54	4.08	5.84	6.37	7.02	7.48	7.37
1995		1.17	0.91	1.60	2.28	3.61	4.73	6.27			6.26
1996		0.36	0.99	1.55	2.83	3.79	4.81	5.34	7.25	7.68	9.08	8.98	10.52
1997	0.42	0.43	0.76	1.60	2.40	3.45	4.40	5.74	6.15		8.28	10.52	9.89
UK (England & Wales)
1995¹			1.47	2.11	3.47	5.57	6.43	7.17	8.12	8.05	10.2	10.1
1996²			1.55	1.81	2.42	3.61	6.3	6.47	7.83	7.91	8.93	9.38	10.9
1997²			1.93	2.17	3.07	4.17	4.89	6.46		12.3	8.44
¹Division IIa and IIb ²Division IIa
Poland (Division IIb)
2006	0.18	0.51	0.89	1.55	2.23	3.6	5.28	6.95	8.478	11	10.8	15.6	18.9
2008		0.49	0.90	1.45	2.24	2.79	3.82	4.68	5.015	6.45	7.02	7.22	5.99	6.91
2009			1.02	1.72	2.65	3.81	5.23	6.91	8.862	11.1	13.6	16.5
2010			1.39	1.66	2.29	2.98	3.92	5.18	6.313	6.66	8.72	9.05
2011			0.99	1.50	2.17	3.15	4.43	7.45	7.28
2016¹		0.84	1.59	2.29	2.81	3.91	4.78	5.61	6.709	7.89	8.54	11.6	13.7	16.09
2017²		0.71	1.23	1.52	2.47	3.52	4.78	6.97	9.193	9.95	10.9	14.1
2018³		0.74	1.15	1.66	2.45	3.55	4.48	6.06	6.31	7.59	7.91	8.28	8.52	9.40
2019¹				1.57	2.00	2.69	4.04	5.61	7.23	9.13	11.62	12.41	13.46	11.47
¹Division IIa ²Division IIa and IIb ³I and IIb combined

Table 3.8. Northeast Arctic COD. Catch weights at age (kg)
Year_age	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	+gp
1946	0.35	0.59	1.11	1.69	2.37	3.17	3.98	5.05	5.92	7.2	8.15	8.13	9.25
1947	0.32	0.56	0.95	1.5	2.14	2.92	3.65	4.56	5.84	7.42	8.85	8.79	10
1948	0.34	0.53	1.26	1.93	2.46	3.36	4.22	5.31	5.92	7.09	8.43	8.18	9.43
1949	0.37	0.67	1.11	1.66	2.5	3.23	4.07	5.27	5.99	7.08	8.22	8.26	8.7
1950	0.39	0.64	1.29	1.7	2.36	3.48	4.52	5.62	6.4	7.96	8.89	9.07	10.27
1951	0.4	0.83	1.39	1.88	2.54	3.46	4.88	5.2	7.14	8.22	9.39	9.5	9.52
1952	0.44	0.8	1.33	1.92	2.64	3.71	5.06	6.05	7.42	8.43	10.19	10.13	10.56
1953	0.4	0.76	1.28	1.93	2.81	3.72	5.06	6.34	7.4	8.67	10.24	11.41	11.93
1954	0.44	0.77	1.26	1.97	3.03	4.33	5.4	6.75	7.79	10.67	9.68	9.56	11.11
1955	0.32	0.57	1.13	1.73	2.75	3.94	4.9	7.04	7.2	8.78	10.08	11.02	12.11
1956	0.33	0.58	1.07	1.83	2.89	4.25	5.55	7.28	8	8.35	9.94	10.25	11.56
1957	0.33	0.59	1.02	1.82	2.89	4.28	5.49	7.51	8.24	9.25	10.61	10.82	12.07
1958	0.34	0.52	0.95	1.92	2.94	4.21	5.61	7.35	8.67	9.58	11.63	11	13.83
1959	0.35	0.72	1.47	2.68	3.59	4.32	5.45	6.44	7.17	8.63	11.62	11.95	13
1960	0.34	0.51	1.09	2.13	3.38	4.87	6.12	8.49	7.79	8.3	11.42	11.72	13.42
1961	0.31	0.55	1.05	2.2	3.23	5.11	6.15	8.15	8.68	9.6	11.95	13.18	13.42
1962	0.32	0.55	0.93	1.7	3.03	5.03	6.55	7.7	9.27	10.56	12.72	13.48	14.44
1963	0.32	0.61	0.96	1.73	3.04	4.96	6.44	7.91	9.62	11.31	12.74	13.19	14.29
1964	0.33	0.55	0.95	1.86	3.25	4.97	6.41	8.07	9.34	10.16	12.89	13.25	14
1965	0.38	0.68	1.03	1.49	2.41	3.52	5.73	7.54	8.47	11.17	13.72	13.46	14.12
1966	0.44	0.74	1.18	1.78	2.46	3.82	5.36	7.27	8.63	10.66	14.15	14	15
1967	0.29	0.81	1.35	2.04	2.81	3.48	4.89	7.11	9.03	10.59	13.83	14.15	16.76
1968	0.33	0.7	1.48	2.12	3.14	4.21	5.27	6.65	9.01	9.66	14.85	16.3	17
1969	0.44	0.79	1.23	2.03	2.9	3.81	5.02	6.43	8.33	10.71	14.21	15	17
1970	0.37	0.91	1.34	2	3	4.15	5.59	7.6	8.97	10.99	14.07	14.61	16
1971	0.45	0.88	1.38	2.16	3.07	4.22	5.81	7.13	8.62	10.83	12.95	14.25	15.97
1972	0.38	0.77	1.43	2.12	3.23	4.38	5.83	7.62	9.52	12.09	13.67	13.85	16
1973	0.38	0.91	1.54	2.26	3.29	4.61	6.57	8.37	10.54	11.62	13.9	14	15.84
1974	0.32	0.66	1.17	2.22	3.21	4.39	5.52	7.86	9.82	11.41	13.24	13.7	14.29
1975	0.41	0.64	1.11	1.9	2.95	4.37	5.74	8.77	9.92	11.81	13.11	14	14.29
1976	0.35	0.73	1.19	2.01	2.76	4.22	5.88	9.3	10.28	11.86	13.54	14.31	14.28
1977	0.49	0.9	1.43	2.05	3.3	4.56	6.46	8.63	9.93	10.9	13.67	14.26	14.91
1978	0.49	0.81	1.45	2.15	3.04	4.46	6.54	7.98	10.15	10.85	13.18	14	15
1979	0.35	0.7	1.24	2.14	3.15	4.29	6.58	8.61	9.22	10.89	14.34	14.5	15.31
1980	0.27	0.56	1.02	1.72	3.02	4.2	5.84	7.26	8.84	9.28	14.45	15	15.5
1981	0.49	0.98	1.44	2.09	2.98	4.85	6.57	9.16	10.82	10.77	13.93	15	16
1982	0.37	0.66	1.35	1.99	2.93	4.24	6.46	8.51	12.24	10.78	14.04	15	16
1983	0.84	1.37	2.09	2.86	3.99	5.58	7.77	9.29	11.55	11.42	12.8	14.18	15.55
1984	1.42	1.93	2.49	3.14	3.91	4.91	6.02	7.4	8.13	11.42	12.8	14.18	15.55
1985	0.94	1.37	2.02	3.22	4.63	6.04	7.66	9.81	11.8	11.42	12.8	14.18	15.55
1986	0.64	1.27	1.88	2.79	4.49	5.84	6.83	7.69	9.81	11.42	12.8	14.18	15.55
1987	0.49	0.88	1.55	2.33	3.44	5.92	8.6	9.6	12.17	11.42	12.8	14.18	15.55
1988	0.54	0.85	1.32	2.24	3.52	5.35	8.06	9.51	11.36	11.42	12.8	14.18	15.55
1989	0.74	0.96	1.31	1.92	2.93	4.64	7.52	9.12	11.08	11.42	12.8	14.18	15.55
1990	0.81	1.22	1.64	2.22	3.24	4.68	7.3	9.84	13.25	11.42	12.8	14.18	15.55
1991	1.05	1.45	2.15	2.89	3.75	4.71	6.08	8.82	11.8	11.42	12.8	14.18	15.55
1992	1.16	1.57	2.21	3.1	4.27	5.19	6.14	7.77	10.12	11.42	12.8	14.18	15.55
1993	0.81	1.52	2.16	2.79	4.07	5.53	6.47	7.19	7.98	11.457	12.8	14.18	15.55
1994	0.82	1.3	2.06	2.89	3.21	5.2	6.8	7.57	8.01	9.955	13.012	14.18	15.55
1995	0.77	1.2	1.78	2.59	3.81	4.99	6.23	8.05	8.74	9.774	11.388	14.546	15.55
1996	0.79	1.11	1.61	2.46	3.82	5.72	6.74	8.04	9.28	10.451	11.19	12.819	16.045
1997	0.67	1.04	1.53	2.22	3.42	5.2	7.19	7.73	8.61	11.145	11.926	12.608	14.234
1998	0.68	1.05	1.62	2.3	3.3	4.86	6.87	9.3	10.3	10.754	12.676	13.394	14.011
1999	0.63	1.01	1.54	2.34	3.21	4.29	6	6.73	10.08	11.151	12.255	14.191	14.839
2000	0.57	1.04	1.61	2.34	3.34	4.48	5.72	7.52	8.02	11.93	12.682	13.743	15.675
2001	0.66	1.05	1.62	2.51	3.51	4.78	6.04	7.54	9	10.23	13.519	14.197	15.206
2002	0.72	1.13	1.56	2.31	3.52	4.78	6.2	7.66	9.14	10.379	11.687	15.081	15.681
2003	0.67	1.12	1.83	2.5	3.58	5.04	6.36	8.2	10.71	10.167	11.848	13.138	16.602
2004	0.72	1.13	1.61	2.43	3.27	4.72	6.71	7.98	9.19	10.84	11.619	13.31	14.571
2005	0.69	1.08	1.57	2.21	3.26	4.44	6.23	8.19	9.72	10.626	12.347	13.066	14.752
2006	0.72	1.16	1.6	2.39	3.32	4.54	5.47	6.78	7.7	10.8	12.116	13.842	14.494
2007	0.74	1.21	1.83	2.51	3.82	5.04	6.58	8.08	8.94	10.349	12.304	13.596	15.309
2008	0.77	1.27	1.87	2.82	3.79	5.12	6.22	7.75	8.4	10.139	11.816	13.795	15.052
2009	0.75	1.17	1.74	2.42	3.86	5.35	6.43	8.01	8.67	10.055	11.588	13.276	15.261
2010	0.78	1.2	1.74	2.44	3.4	5.04	6.25	7.32	8.53	10.378	11.496	13.033	14.715
2011	0.78	1.31	1.72	2.37	3.2	4.62	6.18	7.47	8.57	10.387	11.847	12.935	14.459
2012	0.67	1.14	1.73	2.34	3.12	4.4	6.28	8.24	10.35	10.367	11.857	13.309	14.356
2013	0.71	1.17	1.67	2.36	3.19	4.22	5.58	7.31	9.08	11.029	11.835	13.32	14.75
2014	0.79	1.2	1.73	2.34	3.28	4.21	5.49	6.98	8.67	10.823	12.551	13.297	14.761
2015	0.78	1.09	1.55	2.18	3.14	4.46	5.61	6.62	7.34	10.215	12.328	14.058	14.737
2016	0.78	1.14	1.66	2.26	3.25	4.5	5.98	7.31	8.54	9.372	11.67	13.822	15.536
2017	0.71	1.15	1.66	2.32	3.32	4.67	6.13	7.15	8.14	9.597	10.752	13.121	15.288
2018	0.86	1.17	1.71	2.5	3.31	4.61	6.03	7.32	8.06	9.707	10.998	12.137	14.552
2019	0.68	1.15	1.66	2.39	3.33	4.45	6.11	7.29	8.41	9.806	11.117	12.401	13.513
2020	0.709	1.084	1.604	2.195	3.092	4.39	5.731	7.218	8.406	9.989	11.226	12.529	13.793
2021	0.527	0.896	1.487	2.159	2.982	4.364	6.048	7.348	8.796	9.991	11.424	12.645	13.928

Table 3.9. Northeast Arctic COD. Stock weights at age (kg)
Year_age	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	+gp
1946	0.35	0.59	1.11	1.69	2.37	3.17	3.98	5.05	5.92	7.2	8.146	8.133	9.253
1947	0.32	0.56	0.95	1.5	2.14	2.92	3.65	4.56	5.84	7.42	8.848	8.789	9.998
1948	0.34	0.53	1.26	1.93	2.46	3.36	4.22	5.31	5.92	7.09	8.43	8.181	9.433
1949	0.37	0.67	1.11	1.66	2.5	3.23	4.07	5.27	5.99	7.08	8.218	8.259	8.701
1950	0.39	0.64	1.29	1.7	2.36	3.48	4.52	5.62	6.4	7.96	8.891	9.07	10.271
1951	0.4	0.83	1.39	1.88	2.54	3.46	4.88	5.2	7.14	8.22	9.389	9.502	9.517
1952	0.44	0.8	1.33	1.92	2.64	3.71	5.06	6.05	7.42	8.43	10.185	10.134	10.563
1953	0.4	0.76	1.28	1.93	2.81	3.72	5.06	6.34	7.4	8.67	10.238	11.409	11.926
1954	0.44	0.77	1.26	1.97	3.03	4.33	5.4	6.75	7.79	10.67	9.68	9.557	11.106
1955	0.32	0.57	1.13	1.73	2.75	3.94	4.9	7.04	7.2	8.78	10.077	11.023	12.105
1956	0.33	0.58	1.07	1.83	2.89	4.25	5.55	7.28	8	8.35	9.944	10.248	11.564
1957	0.33	0.59	1.02	1.82	2.89	4.28	5.49	7.51	8.24	9.25	10.605	10.825	12.075
1958	0.34	0.52	0.95	1.92	2.94	4.21	5.61	7.35	8.67	9.58	11.631	11	13.832
1959	0.35	0.72	1.47	2.68	3.59	4.32	5.45	6.44	7.17	8.63	11.621	11.95	13
1960	0.34	0.51	1.09	2.13	3.38	4.87	6.12	8.49	7.79	8.3	11.422	11.719	13.424
1961	0.31	0.55	1.05	2.2	3.23	5.11	6.15	8.15	8.68	9.6	11.952	13.181	13.422
1962	0.32	0.55	0.93	1.7	3.03	5.03	6.55	7.7	9.27	10.56	12.717	13.482	14.44
1963	0.32	0.61	0.96	1.73	3.04	4.96	6.44	7.91	9.62	11.31	12.737	13.193	14.287
1964	0.33	0.55	0.95	1.86	3.25	4.97	6.41	8.07	9.34	10.16	12.886	13.251	14
1965	0.38	0.68	1.03	1.49	2.41	3.52	5.73	7.54	8.47	11.17	13.722	13.465	14.118
1966	0.44	0.74	1.18	1.78	2.46	3.82	5.36	7.27	8.63	10.66	14.148	14	15
1967	0.29	0.81	1.35	2.04	2.81	3.48	4.89	7.11	9.03	10.59	13.829	14.146	16.756
1968	0.33	0.7	1.48	2.12	3.14	4.21	5.27	6.65	9.01	9.66	14.848	16.3	17
1969	0.44	0.79	1.23	2.03	2.9	3.81	5.02	6.43	8.33	10.71	14.211	15	17
1970	0.37	0.91	1.34	2	3	4.15	5.59	7.6	8.97	10.99	14.074	14.611	16
1971	0.45	0.88	1.38	2.16	3.07	4.22	5.81	7.13	8.62	10.83	12.945	14.25	15.973
1972	0.38	0.77	1.43	2.12	3.23	4.38	5.83	7.62	9.52	12.09	13.673	13.852	16
1973	0.38	0.91	1.54	2.26	3.29	4.61	6.57	8.37	10.54	11.62	13.904	14	15.841
1974	0.32	0.66	1.17	2.22	3.21	4.39	5.52	7.86	9.82	11.41	13.242	13.704	14.291
1975	0.41	0.64	1.11	1.9	2.95	4.37	5.74	8.77	9.92	11.81	13.107	14	14.293
1976	0.35	0.73	1.19	2.01	2.76	4.22	5.88	9.3	10.28	11.86	13.544	14.311	14.284
1977	0.49	0.9	1.43	2.05	3.3	4.56	6.46	8.63	9.93	10.9	13.668	14.255	14.906
1978	0.49	0.81	1.45	2.15	3.04	4.46	6.54	7.98	10.15	10.85	13.177	14	15
1979	0.35	0.7	1.24	2.14	3.15	4.29	6.58	8.61	9.22	10.89	14.344	14.5	15.315
1980	0.27	0.56	1.02	1.72	3.02	4.2	5.84	7.26	8.84	9.28	14.448	15	15.5
1981	0.49	0.98	1.44	2.09	2.98	4.85	6.57	9.16	10.82	10.77	13.932	15	16
1982	0.37	0.66	1.35	1.99	2.93	4.24	6.46	8.51	12.24	10.78	14.041	15	16
1983	0.37	0.92	1.6	2.44	3.82	4.76	6.17	7.7	9.25	12.621	14.544	16.466	18.388
1984	0.42	1.16	1.81	2.79	3.78	4.57	6.17	7.7	9.25	12.621	14.544	16.466	18.388
1985	0.413	0.875	1.603	2.81	4.059	5.833	7.685	10.117	14.29	12.621	14.544	16.466	18.388
1986	0.311	0.88	1.47	2.467	3.915	5.81	6.58	6.833	11.004	12.621	14.544	16.466	18.388
1987	0.211	0.498	1.254	2.047	3.431	5.137	6.523	9.3	13.15	12.621	14.544	16.466	18.388
1988	0.212	0.404	0.79	1.903	2.977	4.392	7.812	12.112	13.107	12.621	14.544	16.466	18.388
1989	0.299	0.52	0.868	1.477	2.686	4.628	7.048	9.98	9.25	12.621	14.544	16.466	18.388
1990	0.398	0.705	1.182	1.719	2.458	3.565	4.71	7.801	8.956	12.621	14.544	16.466	18.388
1991	0.518	1.136	1.743	2.428	3.214	4.538	6.88	10.719	9.445	12.621	14.544	16.466	18.388
1992	0.44	0.931	1.812	2.716	3.895	5.176	6.774	9.598	12.427	12.621	14.544	16.466	18.388
1993	0.344	1.172	1.82	2.823	4.031	5.497	6.765	8.571	10.847	12.621	14.544	16.466	18.388
1994	0.237	0.757	1.419	2.458	3.845	5.374	6.648	7.653	8.136	12.916	16.114	16.466	18.388
1995	0.197	0.487	1.141	2.118	3.504	4.915	6.949	9.051	9.775	11.409	15.248	18.62	18.388
1996	0.206	0.482	0.98	2.041	3.52	5.507	7.74	9.922	10.63	12.093	13.533	17.659	21.171
1997	0.211	0.537	1.11	1.876	3.381	5.258	8.546	10.653	10.776	13.232	14.313	15.745	20.122
1998	0.242	0.561	1.179	1.936	2.944	4.583	7.092	10.7	12.042	13.771	15.607	16.617	18.021
1999	0.209	0.514	1.183	2.007	3.037	4.479	6.512	10.028	11.117	14.698	16.215	18.057	18.981
2000	0.194	0.465	1.218	1.963	3.064	4.12	5.746	7.157	9.961	14.589	17.26	18.733	20.557
2001	0.284	0.513	1.21	2.25	3.299	5.066	6.373	9.29	11.456	13.317	17.138	19.887	21.294
2002	0.23	0.603	1.184	2.138	3.336	4.81	6.912	8.809	10.475	12.534	15.703	19.752	22.549
2003	0.233	0.551	1.317	2.022	3.239	4.984	6.727	8.422	14.226	12.524	14.815	18.164	22.403
2004	0.24	0.55	1.074	2.038	2.911	4.402	6.263	8.535	10.197	12.371	14.803	17.176	20.674
2005	0.225	0.61	1.083	1.87	3.002	3.971	5.789	8.127	12.759	12.611	14.63	17.163	19.594
2006	0.252	0.591	1.219	2.014	3.028	4.434	5.999	7.774	9.954	13.679	14.902	16.97	19.58
2007	0.249	0.663	1.329	2.127	3.183	4.59	6.477	8.88	12.124	12.261	16.111	17.274	19.368
2008	0.286	0.726	1.418	2.41	3.331	4.914	6.747	8.851	10.393	12.776	14.504	18.617	19.701
2009	0.274	0.652	1.353	2.312	3.803	5.103	6.75	9.252	10.119	12.323	15.09	16.83	21.168
2010	0.258	0.608	1.208	2.01	3.088	4.903	6.498	7.992	9.689	12.467	14.574	17.483	19.214
2011	0.225	0.6	1.097	1.926	2.861	4.403	6.531	8.648	9.885	12.508	14.738	16.909	19.929
2012	0.227	0.555	1.182	1.834	2.831	4.124	6.056	8.584	11.498	12.249	14.785	17.092	19.3
2013	0.247	0.577	1.134	1.998	2.841	4.015	5.523	8.077	10.304	13.207	14.491	17.144	19.501
2014	0.216	0.577	1.137	1.791	2.781	3.85	5.245	6.992	9.378	12.746	15.578	16.816	19.558
2015	0.229	0.54	1.134	1.934	2.753	4.081	5.315	7.135	8.947	11.778	15.056	18.025	19.198
2016	0.21	0.536	1.001	1.812	2.72	3.958	5.64	7.064	8.569	10.885	13.954	17.445	20.522
2017	0.255	0.675	1.107	1.896	2.826	4.158	5.7	7.628	9.071	10.634	12.934	16.216	19.888
2018	0.286	0.62	1.188	1.949	2.768	4.059	5.749	7.38	9.097	10.8	12.646	15.073	18.54
2019	0.24	0.603	1.085	1.82	3.025	4.296	5.891	7.293	9.667	11.186	12.837	14.749	17.28
2020	0.148	0.503	1.055	1.692	2.59	4.064	5.617	7.673	9.313	11.306	13.278	14.964	16.922
2021	0.17	0.437	0.954	1.718	2.669	3.804	5.822	7.396	9.334	11.187	13.415	15.459	17.159
2022	0.293	0.48	0.929	1.616	2.741	3.933	5.744	8.012	9.648	11.255	13.279	15.613	17.706

Table 3.10. Northeast Arctic COD. Basis for maturity ogives (percent) used in the assessment. Norwegian and Russian data.
Norway

	Percentage mature
	Age
Year	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10

1982	0	5	10	34	65	82	92	100
1983	5	8	10	30	73	88	97	100

Russia
	Percentage mature
	Age
Year	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10

1984	0	5	18	31	56	90	99	100
1985	0	1	10	33	59	85	92	100
1986	0	2	9	19	56	76	89	100
1987	0	1	9	23	27	61	81	80
1988	0	1	3	25	53	79	100	100
1989	0	0	2	15	39	59	83	100
1990	0	2	6	20	47	62	81	95
1991	0	3	1	23	66	82	96	100
1992	0	1	8	31	73	92	95	100
1993	0	3	7	21	56	89	95	99
1994	0	1	8	30	55	84	95	98
1995	0	0	4	23	61	75	94	97
1996	0	0	1	22	56	82	95	100
1997	0	0	1	10	48	73	90	100
1998	0	0	2	15	47	87	97	96
1999	0	0.2	1.3	9.9	38.4	74.9	94	100
2000	0	0	6	19.2	51.4	84	95.5	100
2001	0.1	0.1	3.9	27.9	62.3	89.4	96.3	100
2002	0.1	1.9	10.9	34.4	68.1	82.8	97.6	100
2003	0.2	0	11	29.2	65.9	89.6	95.1	100
2004	0	0.7	8	33.8	63.3	83.4	96.4	96.4
2005	0	0.6	4.6	24.2	61.5	84.9	95.3	98.1
2006	0	0	6.1	29.6	59.6	89.5	96.4	100
2007	0	0.4	5.7	20.8	60.4	83.5	96	100
2008	0	0.5	4	24.6	48.3	84.4	94.7	98.7
2009	0	0	6	28	66	85	97	100
2010	0	0.2	1.5	22.8	47	77.4	90.2	95.5
2011	0	0	2.2	20.7	50.4	73.7	90.6	95.6
2012	0.2	0	1.5	10.8	43.9	76.1	90.8	96.4
2013	0	0	0.6	10.6	41.8	70.6	89.8	96.9
2014	0	0	1.9	14.1	45.9	76	92	97.5
2015	0	0.2	0.2	7.9	27	60.8	83.4	93.7
2016	0	0	0.2	5.2	22.4	44.1	74.8	92.5
2017*	0	0	0.8	6.3	20.8	51.6	80.4	98.6
2018	0	0.5	2.5	23.6	53.9	79.4	92.5	96.0
2019**	0	0	4.5	11.9	56.4	91.8	95.1	100
2020**	0	0.4	1.7	15.8	43.8	71.2	74.9	84.9
2021**	0	0	2.7	16.1	44.1	72.2	87.1	88.1
2022**	0	0	0.8	11.6	59.7	72.6	80.4	96.2
Not used in inputs (instead ratios presented in WD 10, 2017 used for further calculations) *Not used in inputs (instead ratios presented in WD 15, 2019 used for further calculations)

Norway
	Percentage mature
	Age
Year	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
1985	0.31	1.36	8.94	38.33	51.27	85.13	100	79.2
1986	2.92	7	7.85	18.85	49.72	66.52	35.59	80.09
1987	0	0.07	4.49	12.42	16.28	31.23	19.32
1988	0	2.35	6.16	40.54	53.63	45.36	100	100
1989	1.52	0.67	3.88	30.65	70.36	82.02	100	100
1990	1.52	0.67	4.18	22	57.45	80.95	100	100
1991	0.1	3.4	13.93	38.03	75.52	90.12	95.39	100
1992	0.22	1.85	21.04	52.83	86.95	96.52	99.83	100
1993	0	2.6	10.37	52.6	84.8	97.25	99.3	99.73
1994	0.51	0.33	15.78	36.92	62.84	88.44	97.56	100
1995	0	0.62	8.19	51.48	63.75	81.11	98.01	99.34
1996	0.03	0	2.82	29.56	70.22	82.06	100	100
1997	0	0	1.48	17.91	73.31	93.01	99.12	100
1998	0.12	0.68	3.17	15.42	47.31	75.73	94.3	100
1999	0.42	0.16	1.6	27.46	70.48	94.57	98.99	100
2000	0	0.11	8.15	30.23	77.3	81.95	100	100
2001	0.49	0.51	9.03	43.81	62.52	74.36	94.13	100
2002	0.27	0.73	5.94	43.22	68.4	85.31	92.52	100
2003	0.02	0.18	6.5	35.97	68.56	87.97	96.3	100
2004	0.24	1.36	10.23	54.56	81.84	90.94	98.76	98.91
2005	0	0.27	9	55.16	81.77	93.51	98.03	100
2006	0	0.22	5.92	44.25	69.85	89.89	96.65	100
2007	0.12	0.33	8.7	47.88	84.29	91.68	99.11	100
2008	0	0.27	9.27	34.13	61.39	88.04	91.17	100
2009	0	0	9	46	85	86	98	99
2010	0	0.36	7.5	41.75	67.7	90.1	95.29	98.55
2011	0	0.2	5.2	48	77.7	89.7	97.3	97.2
2012	0	0	7.7	32.2	67.5	81	90.9	96.3
2013	0	0.3	1	20.2	55.3	80	91.8	99.3
2014	0	0.4	2	13.3	56.7	85	93.8	98.7
2015	0	0	1.9	10.9	29.2	79.1	93.1	99.6
2016	0.07	0. 2	1.0	6.4	28.5	71.3	86. 1	98.6
2017	0	0.2	0.5	18	54.8	81.4	95.9	100
2018	0	0.1	3.0	16.2	38.3	61.0	93.7	98.9
2019	0	0. 4	4 .0	24 . 0	6 8. 6	93 . 2	9 6 .7	9 9 . 8
2020	0	0.44	3.18	13.68	42.51	80.06	91.18	94.03
2021	0.28	0.25	0.79	17.11	43.21	68.80	90.75	98.63
2022	1.55	0	1.19	9.54	44.22	70.17	77.19	98.50

Table 3.11. Northeast Arctic cod. Proportion mature-at-age
Year_age	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	+gp
1946	0	0	0.01	0.03	0.06	0.11	0.18	0.44	0.65	0.86	0.96	0.96	1
1947	0	0	0.01	0.03	0.06	0.13	0.16	0.42	0.75	0.91	0.95	1	1
1948	0	0	0.01	0.03	0.07	0.13	0.25	0.47	0.73	0.91	0.97	1	1
1949	0	0	0.01	0.03	0.09	0.17	0.29	0.54	0.79	0.88	0.97	1	1
1950	0	0	0.01	0.03	0.09	0.23	0.35	0.52	0.79	0.95	0.97	1	1
1951	0	0	0.01	0.03	0.1	0.24	0.4	0.58	0.72	0.85	0.96	1	1
1952	0	0	0.01	0.03	0.08	0.22	0.41	0.63	0.82	0.92	0.97	1	1
1953	0	0	0.01	0.03	0.07	0.19	0.4	0.64	0.84	0.94	0.97	1	1
1954	0	0	0.01	0.03	0.08	0.16	0.37	0.68	0.87	0.93	0.96	1	1
1955	0	0	0.01	0.03	0.07	0.13	0.26	0.53	0.83	0.92	0.97	1	1
1956	0	0	0.01	0.03	0.06	0.12	0.14	0.41	0.67	0.91	0.96	1	1
1957	0	0	0.01	0.03	0.06	0.09	0.12	0.22	0.6	0.82	0.97	1	1
1958	0	0	0.01	0.03	0.06	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.5	0.82	0.97	1	1
1959	0	0	0.01	0.04	0.12	0.34	0.49	0.67	0.84	0.87	1	1	1
1960	0	0.01	0.03	0.06	0.1	0.19	0.45	0.69	0.77	0.85	0.99	1	1
1961	0	0	0.01	0.06	0.12	0.31	0.65	0.91	0.98	0.98	1	0.96	1
1962	0	0	0.01	0.05	0.15	0.34	0.61	0.81	0.92	0.97	1	0.932	1
1963	0	0.01	0.01	0.03	0.07	0.28	0.42	0.81	0.98	0.98	1	0.966	1
1964	0	0	0	0.03	0.13	0.37	0.66	0.89	0.95	0.99	1	1	1
1965	0	0	0	0.01	0.06	0.2	0.55	0.73	0.99	0.98	1	1	1
1966	0	0	0.01	0.02	0.06	0.22	0.35	0.74	0.94	0.94	1	1	1
1967	0	0	0	0.03	0.07	0.14	0.38	0.64	0.89	0.9	1	1	1
1968	0	0	0.03	0.05	0.09	0.19	0.39	0.58	0.82	1	1	1	1
1969	0	0	0	0.02	0.04	0.12	0.34	0.55	0.74	0.95	1	1	1
1970	0	0.01	0	0.01	0.07	0.23	0.58	0.81	0.89	0.91	1	1	1
1971	0	0	0.01	0.05	0.11	0.3	0.59	0.79	0.86	0.88	1	1	1
1972	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.1	0.34	0.64	0.81	0.94	1	1	1	1
1973	0	0	0	0.02	0.16	0.53	0.81	0.92	0.95	0.98	1	1	1
1974	0	0	0	0.01	0.03	0.21	0.5	0.96	1	0.96	1	1	1
1975	0	0	0.01	0.02	0.09	0.21	0.56	0.78	0.79	0.95	1	1	1
1976	0	0	0	0.05	0.12	0.29	0.45	0.84	0.83	1	0.9	1	1
1977	0	0	0.02	0.08	0.26	0.54	0.76	0.87	0.93	0.94	0.9	1	1
1978	0	0	0	0.02	0.13	0.44	0.71	0.77	0.81	0.89	0.8	1	1
1979	0	0	0	0.03	0.13	0.39	0.77	0.89	0.83	0.78	0.9	1	1
1980	0	0	0	0.02	0.13	0.35	0.65	0.82	1	0.9	0.9	1	1
1981	0	0	0.02	0.07	0.2	0.54	0.8	0.97	1	1	1	1	1
1982	0	0.05	0.1	0.34	0.65	0.82	0.92	1	1	1	1	1	1
1983	0.01	0.08	0.1	0.3	0.73	0.88	0.97	1	1	1	1	1	1
1984	0	0.05	0.18	0.31	0.56	0.9	0.99	1	1	1	1	1	1
1985	0	0.01	0.09	0.36	0.55	0.85	0.96	0.9	1	1	1	1	1
1986	0	0.05	0.08	0.19	0.53	0.71	0.62	0.9	1	1	1	1	1
1987	0	0.01	0.07	0.18	0.22	0.46	0.5	0.75	1	1	1	1	1
1988	0	0.02	0.05	0.33	0.53	0.62	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
1989	0.008	0.003	0.029	0.228	0.547	0.705	0.915	1	1	1	1	1	1
1990	0.008	0.013	0.051	0.21	0.522	0.715	0.905	0.975	1	1	1	1	1
1991	0.001	0.032	0.075	0.305	0.708	0.861	0.957	1	1	1	1	1	1
1992	0.001	0.014	0.145	0.419	0.8	0.943	0.974	1	1	1	1	1	1
1993	0	0.028	0.087	0.368	0.704	0.931	0.972	0.994	1	1	1	1	1
1994	0	0.005	0.119	0.336	0.583	0.876	0.965	0.99	1	1	1	1	1
1995	0	0.005	0.06	0.373	0.614	0.748	0.955	0.98	1	1	1	1	1
1996	0	0	0.016	0.252	0.619	0.817	0.975	1	1	1	1	1	1
1997	0	0	0.014	0.14	0.597	0.842	0.95	0.967	1	1	1	1	1
1998	0	0.005	0.031	0.168	0.468	0.828	0.956	0.98	1	1	1	1	1
1999	0	0.001	0.014	0.17	0.506	0.841	0.961	1	1	1	1	1	1
2000	0	0	0.066	0.261	0.699	0.872	0.978	1	1	1	1	1	1
2001	0.001	0.006	0.069	0.378	0.646	0.851	0.955	1	1	1	1	1	1
2002	0.001	0.015	0.085	0.412	0.695	0.846	0.97	1	1	1	1	1	1
2003	0.001	0	0.089	0.331	0.662	0.882	0.96	1	1	1	1	1	1
2004	0	0.009	0.092	0.438	0.728	0.883	0.973	0.974	1	1	1	1	1
2005	0	0.003	0.066	0.366	0.72	0.897	0.971	0.991	1	1	1	1	1
2006	0	0.015	0.061	0.367	0.633	0.907	0.961	1	1	1	1	1	1
2007	0	0.007	0.076	0.37	0.719	0.884	0.977	1	1	1	1	1	1
2008	0.005	0.008	0.082	0.309	0.539	0.869	0.928	0.994	1	1	1	1	1
2009	0	0	0.081	0.362	0.745	0.859	0.978	0.997	0.994	1	1	1	1
2010	0.005	0.006	0.06	0.335	0.552	0.838	0.931	0.971	0.983	1	1	1	1
2011	0	0	0.04	0.339	0.644	0.798	0.932	0.963	0.991	1	1	1	1
2012	0.001	0	0.058	0.209	0.544	0.799	0.93	0.967	0.99	1	1	1	1
2013	0	0	0.01	0.156	0.482	0.763	0.913	0.982	0.985	1	1	1	1
2014	0	0	0.025	0.137	0.516	0.806	0.935	0.984	0.996	1	1	1	1
2015	0	0.001	0.004	0.074	0.282	0.681	0.891	0.963	0.984	1	1	1	1
2016	0	0	0.002	0.057	0.256	0.569	0.832	0.955	0.984	1	1	1	1
2017	0	0.018	0.003	0.148	0.463	0.749	0.931	0.99	1	1	1	1	1
2018	0	0.003	0.028	0.207	0.478	0.731	0.916	0.971	1	1	1	1	1
2019	0	0	0.01	0.126	0.466	0.842	0.942	0.968	0.996	1	1	1	1
2020	0	0	0.014	0.112	0.356	0.775	0.904	0.955	1	1	1	1	1
2021	0.002	0.002	0.006	0.14	0.386	0.657	0.893	0.974	0.959	1	1	1	1
2022	0.014	0	0.01	0.079	0.402	0.674	0.756	0.975	1	1	1	1	1

Table 3.12. The Northeast Arctic cod stock's consumption of cod in million individuals
Year/age	0	1	2	3	4	5	6
1984	0.000	444.762	22.413	0.215	0.000	0.000	0.000
1985	1640.656	355.672	71.640	0.197	0.000	0.000	0.000
1986	69.757	1124.070	344.039	87.494	0.000	0.000	0.000
1987	653.270	195.414	327.523	14.417	0.000	0.000	0.000
1988	32.270	486.636	26.545	1.794	0.000	0.000	0.000
1989	951.957	142.708	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
1990	0.000	109.640	23.395	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
1991	118.283	138.556	182.041	1.618	0.000	0.000	0.000
1992	3146.005	895.002	143.733	4.186	0.000	0.000	0.000
1993	3873.449	18295.167	481.048	46.764	1.310	0.421	0.000
1994	7995.878	7040.209	651.179	130.171	49.810	7.942	0.414
1995	8203.729	14920.465	760.378	211.699	67.237	3.747	0.224
1996	10262.163	21819.039	1477.810	136.650	52.797	18.510	1.073
1997	3085.037	17766.618	1906.346	165.963	15.744	1.222	0.221
1998	93.400	5763.644	582.473	205.453	23.546	1.464	0.469
1999	638.739	2123.471	305.400	50.915	4.206	0.004	0.000
2000	1922.963	2563.006	189.068	38.518	14.035	3.856	0.042
2001	94.754	2404.601	114.855	23.869	11.687	1.802	0.923
2002	7577.578	457.445	405.246	41.402	5.339	0.811	0.017
2003	5410.402	4128.090	107.755	24.181	0.000	0.000	0.000
2004	6508.732	2408.361	568.160	20.494	10.483	1.329	0.226
2005	2482.844	3044.786	133.839	80.494	4.571	5.544	0.515
2006	3337.557	2142.281	151.324	6.303	2.034	0.075	0.000
2007	2303.122	1155.510	190.498	75.021	3.467	0.129	0.000
2008	14440.722	705.310	86.363	97.361	32.164	4.257	0.000
2009	9638.868	7372.324	143.606	67.084	20.765	5.160	0.221
2010	4184.771	7169.263	302.549	54.174	28.158	17.068	2.263
2011	12568.831	4440.178	454.816	174.000	41.050	10.833	5.172
2012	21164.775	11987.450	1023.341	102.819	31.120	4.405	0.000
2013	26821.152	4829.477	1570.783	176.292	17.040	7.576	1.143
2014	36459.076	6138.927	739.187	196.524	53.594	5.211	0.064
2015	1561.202	10659.102	310.688	68.954	40.190	17.007	1.676
2016	12135.291	2572.774	508.646	12.104	18.929	27.716	6.542
2017	21969.340	1627.847	395.871	119.199	8.193	4.490	3.073
2018	7518.078	13952.051	284.751	36.890	2.311	0.280	0.000
2019	892.162	8908.822	873.433	57.069	6.070	0.019	0.000
2020	3533.239	3025.881	360.127	158.725	47.745	11.827	0.613
2021	25896.500	1928.189	258.702	79.301	28.025	16.039	1.928

Table 3.13. Northeast Arctic COD. Tuning data

tabell

Table 3.14. Parameters settings used in SAM run
# Where a matrix is specified rows corresponds to fleets and columns to ages. # Same number indicates same parameter used # Numbers (integers) starts from zero and must be consecutive
$minAge # The minimium age class in the assessment 3
$maxAge # The maximum age class in the assessment 15
$maxAgePlusGroup # Is last age group considered a plus group (1 yes, or 0 no). 1 1 1 1 1 1
$keyLogFsta # Coupling of the fishing mortality states (nomally only first row is used). 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 11 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
$corFlag # Correlation of fishing mortality across ages (0 independent, 1 compound symmetry, or 2 AR(1) 0
$keyLogFpar # Coupling of the survey catchability parameters (nomally first row is not used, as that is covered by fishing mortality). -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 -1 -1 -1 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 17 -1 -1 -1 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 26 -1 -1 -1 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 35 -1 -1 -1 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 44 -1 -1 -1
$keyQpow # Density dependent catchability power parameters (if any). -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
$keyQpow # Density dependent catchability power parameters (if any). -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
$keyVarF # Coupling of process variance parameters for log(F)-process (nomally only first row is used) 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
$keyVarLogN # Coupling of process variance parameters for log(N)-process 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
$keyVarObs # Coupling of the variance parameters for the observations. 0 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 -1 -1 -1 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 -1 -1 -1 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 -1 -1 -1 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 -1 -1 -1 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 -1 -1 -1
$obsCorStruct # Covariance structure for each fleet ("ID" independent, "AR" AR(1), or "US" for unstructured). \| Possible values are: "ID" "AR" "US" "ID" "AR" "AR" "AR" "AR" "AR"
$keyCorObs # Coupling of correlation parameters can only be specified if the AR(1) structure is chosen above. # NA's indicate where correlation parameters can be specified (-1 where they cannot). #3-4 4-5 5-6 6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 -1 -1 -1 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 -1 -1 -1 4 4 4 5 6 6 6 7 8 -1 -1 -1 9 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 11 -1 -1 -1 12 12 12 13 13 13 14 14 15 -1 -1 -1
$stockRecruitmentModelCode # Stock recruitment code (0 for plain random walk, 1 for Ricker, and 2 for Beverton-Holt). 0
$noScaledYears # Number of years where catch scaling is applied. 0
$keyScaledYears # A vector of the years where catch scaling is applied. $keyParScaledYA # A matrix specifying the couplings of scale parameters (nrow = no scaled years, ncols = no ages).
$fbarRange # lowest and higest age included in Fbar 5 10
$keyBiomassTreat # To be defined only if a biomass survey is used (0 SSB index, 1 catch index, and 2 FSB index). -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
$obsLikelihoodFlag # Option for observational likelihood \| Possible values are: "LN" "ALN" "LN" "LN" "LN" "LN" "LN" "LN"
$fixVarToWeight # If weight attribute is supplied for observations this option sets the treatment (0 relative weight, 1 fix variance to weight). 0

Table 3.15. Northeast Arctic cod. Fishing mortality
Year_age	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	+gp	FBAR5-10
1946	0.003	0.020	0.070	0.138	0.272	0.249	0.380	0.396	0.573	0.562	0.626	0.645	0.645	0.251
1947	0.002	0.021	0.090	0.188	0.387	0.294	0.450	0.446	0.692	0.635	0.689	0.780	0.780	0.309
1948	0.001	0.021	0.096	0.220	0.463	0.346	0.511	0.451	0.713	0.694	0.742	0.923	0.923	0.348
1949	0.002	0.030	0.138	0.301	0.472	0.367	0.460	0.477	0.771	0.751	0.789	1.029	1.029	0.369
1950	0.002	0.043	0.164	0.314	0.436	0.363	0.480	0.538	0.838	0.855	0.816	1.151	1.151	0.383
1951	0.009	0.079	0.232	0.344	0.446	0.392	0.496	0.567	0.781	0.866	0.841	1.200	1.200	0.413
1952	0.014	0.104	0.276	0.430	0.475	0.408	0.522	0.638	0.843	0.920	0.844	1.201	1.201	0.458
1953	0.020	0.112	0.251	0.360	0.403	0.374	0.474	0.613	0.813	0.823	0.798	1.021	1.021	0.412
1954	0.017	0.116	0.267	0.384	0.424	0.358	0.489	0.707	0.831	0.822	0.790	0.929	0.929	0.438
1955	0.015	0.108	0.295	0.493	0.496	0.508	0.565	0.750	0.895	0.866	0.791	0.862	0.862	0.518
1956	0.018	0.122	0.349	0.579	0.558	0.597	0.588	0.740	0.892	0.986	0.825	0.804	0.804	0.568
1957	0.021	0.137	0.292	0.529	0.547	0.587	0.536	0.675	0.880	0.914	0.823	0.718	0.718	0.528
1958	0.035	0.181	0.359	0.544	0.540	0.512	0.509	0.692	0.829	0.880	0.720	0.629	0.629	0.526
1959	0.035	0.203	0.425	0.525	0.527	0.528	0.552	0.721	0.787	0.801	0.707	0.643	0.643	0.546
1960	0.036	0.212	0.407	0.511	0.496	0.547	0.525	0.755	0.854	0.802	0.697	0.711	0.711	0.54
1961	0.038	0.225	0.490	0.577	0.547	0.644	0.696	0.849	0.897	0.863	0.742	0.749	0.749	0.634
1962	0.036	0.225	0.581	0.747	0.632	0.683	0.795	1.008	0.935	0.845	0.775	0.738	0.738	0.741
1963	0.024	0.194	0.581	0.795	0.754	0.771	0.892	1.080	1.079	0.851	0.802	0.735	0.735	0.812
1964	0.019	0.159	0.413	0.554	0.584	0.698	0.933	0.883	0.977	0.802	0.882	0.756	0.756	0.678
1965	0.023	0.144	0.365	0.460	0.473	0.590	0.786	0.799	0.805	0.670	0.892	0.759	0.759	0.579
1966	0.030	0.141	0.288	0.390	0.469	0.601	0.753	0.791	0.714	0.655	0.799	0.675	0.675	0.549
1967	0.029	0.155	0.266	0.331	0.465	0.639	0.828	0.811	0.770	0.665	0.793	0.609	0.609	0.557
1968	0.025	0.176	0.355	0.433	0.496	0.634	0.848	0.832	0.748	0.600	0.800	0.631	0.631	0.6
1969	0.026	0.183	0.403	0.481	0.628	0.810	1.005	0.922	0.834	0.631	0.757	0.620	0.620	0.708
1970	0.034	0.164	0.376	0.466	0.588	0.823	0.996	0.933	0.796	0.577	0.712	0.630	0.630	0.697
1971	0.030	0.155	0.307	0.356	0.505	0.808	0.981	0.920	0.802	0.605	0.690	0.616	0.616	0.646
1972	0.051	0.184	0.334	0.403	0.429	0.719	1.056	1.011	0.895	0.652	0.745	0.635	0.635	0.659
1973	0.132	0.226	0.386	0.440	0.460	0.699	0.920	0.861	0.845	0.674	0.756	0.620	0.620	0.628
1974	0.159	0.297	0.481	0.520	0.510	0.625	0.669	0.869	0.910	0.714	0.893	0.628	0.628	0.612
1975	0.115	0.276	0.506	0.621	0.640	0.730	0.724	0.729	0.937	0.778	0.954	0.596	0.596	0.658
1976	0.142	0.307	0.529	0.615	0.686	0.851	0.875	0.674	0.797	0.821	0.942	0.674	0.674	0.705
1977	0.128	0.335	0.631	0.677	0.707	0.900	1.126	0.857	0.895	0.809	1.053	0.810	0.810	0.816
1978	0.110	0.253	0.568	0.735	0.766	0.892	1.217	0.946	1.301	1.007	1.203	0.917	0.917	0.854
1979	0.056	0.202	0.410	0.622	0.711	0.804	1.094	0.991	1.293	1.095	1.127	1.011	1.011	0.772
1980	0.038	0.157	0.346	0.628	0.724	0.810	0.999	1.056	1.228	0.997	1.164	0.907	0.907	0.761
1981	0.032	0.141	0.284	0.583	0.784	0.970	1.158	0.974	1.070	0.937	1.046	0.835	0.835	0.792
1982	0.040	0.158	0.287	0.643	0.841	0.917	1.131	0.827	0.822	0.925	0.866	0.822	0.822	0.774
1983	0.028	0.164	0.301	0.550	0.904	1.078	1.067	0.846	0.713	0.726	0.802	0.866	0.866	0.791
1984	0.024	0.155	0.331	0.583	1.060	1.166	1.165	0.897	0.746	0.702	0.670	0.892	0.892	0.867
1985	0.037	0.160	0.389	0.667	0.945	1.147	0.933	0.780	0.758	0.655	0.593	0.950	0.950	0.81
1986	0.031	0.170	0.454	0.764	0.909	1.140	0.930	1.040	0.887	0.851	0.586	1.074	1.074	0.873
1987	0.038	0.153	0.467	0.823	1.011	1.112	0.895	1.245	0.975	1.001	0.635	1.259	1.259	0.926
1988	0.034	0.126	0.334	0.637	0.931	1.014	1.023	1.346	0.956	0.914	0.730	1.213	1.213	0.881
1989	0.030	0.106	0.252	0.459	0.641	0.828	0.816	0.997	0.752	0.708	0.697	1.432	1.432	0.665
1990	0.020	0.092	0.179	0.310	0.418	0.499	0.549	0.590	0.650	0.610	0.624	1.309	1.309	0.424
1991	0.020	0.101	0.213	0.345	0.435	0.471	0.504	0.481	0.494	0.592	0.569	1.261	1.261	0.408
1992	0.024	0.114	0.280	0.429	0.528	0.554	0.563	0.556	0.515	0.698	0.538	1.250	1.250	0.485
1993	0.014	0.110	0.315	0.522	0.617	0.657	0.691	0.707	0.686	0.823	0.676	1.223	1.223	0.585
1994	0.012	0.109	0.322	0.596	0.920	0.913	0.869	0.846	0.908	0.930	0.777	1.207	1.207	0.744
1995	0.014	0.116	0.323	0.606	0.930	0.894	0.947	0.918	1.006	0.959	0.857	1.118	1.118	0.77
1996	0.021	0.133	0.352	0.619	0.885	0.937	0.854	1.094	0.959	0.958	0.927	1.025	1.025	0.79
1997	0.022	0.168	0.444	0.683	0.897	1.199	1.125	1.260	1.027	1.015	0.923	0.931	0.931	0.935
1998	0.026	0.180	0.471	0.710	0.855	1.159	1.133	1.306	1.049	0.892	0.827	0.779	0.779	0.939
1999	0.015	0.148	0.460	0.680	0.869	1.099	1.218	1.289	0.950	0.875	0.685	0.686	0.686	0.936
2000	0.009	0.113	0.363	0.586	0.831	1.016	1.103	1.176	0.840	0.890	0.544	0.665	0.665	0.846
2001	0.009	0.095	0.293	0.531	0.754	0.922	0.884	1.038	0.725	0.757	0.432	0.694	0.694	0.737
2002	0.008	0.090	0.276	0.520	0.772	0.881	0.831	0.780	0.615	0.714	0.378	0.651	0.651	0.677
2003	0.010	0.088	0.284	0.474	0.726	0.807	0.768	0.727	0.556	0.614	0.348	0.615	0.615	0.631
2004	0.010	0.090	0.292	0.499	0.762	0.850	0.885	0.921	0.615	0.649	0.327	0.509	0.509	0.702
2005	0.011	0.102	0.317	0.515	0.733	0.858	0.937	0.862	0.646	0.710	0.325	0.454	0.454	0.704
2006	0.016	0.102	0.280	0.440	0.613	0.730	0.787	0.763	0.648	0.731	0.347	0.528	0.528	0.602
2007	0.017	0.091	0.240	0.347	0.446	0.536	0.550	0.516	0.619	0.708	0.353	0.446	0.446	0.439
2008	0.011	0.069	0.162	0.275	0.367	0.442	0.475	0.427	0.568	0.661	0.363	0.360	0.360	0.358
2009	0.010	0.058	0.132	0.220	0.315	0.351	0.450	0.360	0.516	0.709	0.397	0.303	0.303	0.305
2010	0.009	0.049	0.106	0.177	0.278	0.373	0.387	0.409	0.579	0.580	0.449	0.275	0.275	0.289
2011	0.006	0.048	0.105	0.160	0.253	0.348	0.438	0.519	0.543	0.486	0.435	0.223	0.223	0.304
2012	0.006	0.046	0.118	0.160	0.239	0.322	0.411	0.470	0.526	0.447	0.407	0.213	0.213	0.287
2013	0.007	0.048	0.122	0.189	0.267	0.358	0.436	0.501	0.539	0.451	0.386	0.232	0.232	0.312
2014	0.008	0.053	0.141	0.227	0.311	0.387	0.411	0.499	0.578	0.489	0.391	0.244	0.244	0.329
2015	0.010	0.055	0.148	0.267	0.321	0.389	0.357	0.487	0.719	0.554	0.408	0.257	0.257	0.328
2016	0.009	0.052	0.147	0.255	0.337	0.411	0.397	0.533	0.803	0.609	0.440	0.275	0.275	0.347
2017	0.010	0.056	0.150	0.268	0.350	0.467	0.462	0.567	0.862	0.675	0.473	0.282	0.282	0.377
2018	0.011	0.058	0.156	0.263	0.359	0.446	0.502	0.616	0.828	0.725	0.498	0.273	0.273	0.39
2019	0.009	0.060	0.155	0.251	0.365	0.478	0.495	0.648	0.773	0.716	0.483	0.248	0.248	0.399
2020	0.009	0.059	0.165	0.276	0.394	0.498	0.561	0.677	0.760	0.713	0.489	0.227	0.227	0.428
2021	0.009	0.058	0.190	0.335	0.458	0.531	0.665	0.710	0.665	0.730	0.506	0.225	0.225	0.481
mean(2019-2021)	0.009	0.059	0.170	0.287	0.405	0.502	0.574	0.678	0.733	0.720	0.493	0.233

Table 3.16. Northeast Arctic COD Stock number-at-age (Thous)
Year_age	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	+gp	TOTAL
1946	1138875	674081	370253	171071	77923	84274	227182	80736	36040	30588	18820	8099	2000	2919941
1947	583558	680325	497592	297864	133321	53420	56274	132766	45831	17380	14684	8425	4527	2525967
1948	441494	334537	463090	345955	206880	75300	34934	29910	69650	18411	7667	6095	4982	2038904
1949	624817	287962	262924	354790	229043	104064	42924	16918	15966	28256	7438	3005	3613	1981720
1950	1024284	394353	228830	186924	208751	114784	57080	22791	8661	6119	11091	2737	1942	2268347
1951	2440524	781190	310474	177015	114631	111085	65962	28218	10898	2983	2092	4039	1193	4050304
1952	2338131	1141327	462833	189831	115697	61717	61087	33229	13122	4214	1024	728	1278	4424220
1953	2420273	1119433	641186	245573	90830	59973	33132	28534	13937	4524	1346	356	476	4659572
1954	830203	1390947	711109	388377	137888	48822	34597	17286	12923	5054	1647	496	244	3579593
1955	383411	549468	924667	435537	224018	75037	30516	18096	6931	4700	1836	617	240	2655074
1956	747357	246123	395235	552161	212319	112876	35660	14592	7025	2276	1660	691	298	2328273
1957	1431849	405217	151010	208946	238722	95012	49161	15404	5681	2356	663	596	362	2604980
1958	935015	718102	249309	95731	100349	109399	40988	23289	6425	1909	779	227	381	2281903
1959	1313367	488473	429348	141060	47105	47622	54789	20175	9519	2299	638	319	268	2554982
1960	1480277	626162	253703	208036	69352	23042	22952	25329	8039	3646	863	256	262	2721918
1961	1552082	708191	348243	134365	102561	36277	11320	12019	9805	2784	1376	361	209	2919593
1962	1252752	814278	391966	168873	64364	49223	15627	4557	4402	3277	940	542	221	2771023
1963	902995	703924	457020	166096	62880	28846	20762	5758	1328	1469	1160	350	301	2352889
1964	469311	410065	369897	179554	54927	21651	10574	6930	1520	350	515	433	257	1525983
1965	873429	248981	258596	200116	83090	23791	8209	3222	2390	451	122	172	266	1702835
1966	1844528	563298	165848	144515	106254	44069	10951	3047	1179	896	192	39	163	2884978
1967	1313542	1272090	394780	105642	80359	55306	20425	4376	1137	492	389	73	81	3248692
1968	183211	1017152	891189	279158	72101	42178	23728	7296	1617	422	206	146	70	2518475
1969	110531	138123	705341	495907	154507	41024	19604	8552	2640	651	194	74	95	1677244
1970	206006	85838	88150	370015	238493	64476	15111	5825	2766	915	280	75	75	1078028
1971	403526	145144	57803	45378	174631	103392	22564	4584	1860	1030	428	113	66	960519
1972	1047601	312098	104886	37239	27220	81787	36152	6971	1530	696	466	182	80	1656907
1973	1724173	750354	211954	63718	21193	15847	32371	9746	1981	500	297	180	115	2832429
1974	566400	1214266	515633	122915	35325	11310	6618	10166	3411	701	207	118	131	2487201
1975	608427	366220	673009	258385	61542	18442	5360	3071	3306	1119	283	68	110	1999342
1976	605952	445112	227118	312536	108504	26032	7494	2266	1302	1000	417	88	83	1737904
1977	372123	418084	273454	112868	137242	43313	8837	2623	1047	526	346	136	73	1370672
1978	624267	247635	219350	112571	47592	55805	14040	2251	895	385	210	98	77	1325175
1979	202902	448677	155381	91009	40852	17651	18414	3270	697	186	116	51	57	979264
1980	130635	155356	302011	87204	39255	16107	6539	5038	982	154	48	31	31	743392
1981	144064	102751	112715	174459	38044	15653	6028	2072	1395	231	47	12	20	597492
1982	183023	126006	83624	63543	81754	15265	4647	1519	643	379	74	13	11	560502
1983	141058	137105	92372	51865	28760	28245	4914	1238	568	230	118	26	9	486509
1984	442631	115250	83610	54129	24596	10622	7710	1355	440	242	95	42	12	740735
1985	532740	387974	82267	44912	24259	6360	2798	1916	439	166	101	41	18	1083990
1986	1374811	406174	244982	46445	19117	7413	1597	1007	753	177	74	47	19	2102615
1987	359158	1008264	256617	109598	16431	6818	1788	572	288	255	62	35	19	1759905
1988	335224	239845	594077	118852	32968	5011	1735	625	134	90	73	27	12	1328672
1989	158192	229165	148067	304366	55075	9916	1483	487	126	40	29	27	10	906983
1990	131207	128891	129652	95524	141230	22928	2918	536	138	48	16	11	7	653107
1991	297393	126695	97871	86051	61714	81767	11481	1381	249	55	22	7	4	764688
1992	716809	272016	101011	69155	48733	33921	46453	6094	809	133	25	10	3	1295172
1993	990119	504157	241432	72816	36846	23561	15535	24035	3061	437	58	13	3	1912071
1994	752658	734832	400366	147087	39093	15947	10672	6403	9877	1336	162	24	4	2118459
1995	539812	493577	525544	232089	63132	12508	5327	3446	2230	3255	428	61	7	1881416
1996	405894	304709	337363	283121	104043	19861	4303	1589	1123	624	1029	148	18	1463825
1997	783453	210101	205596	183110	120012	37458	6314	1652	441	339	195	335	49	1549057
1998	1059540	477806	127297	98038	70990	41641	9521	1630	360	132	95	62	121	1887233
1999	630159	604406	264735	62506	32948	26060	11642	2527	347	99	46	33	69	1635579
2000	749764	410834	377249	122599	24473	11241	7424	2656	587	110	33	19	42	1707031
2001	593562	535126	291773	185130	52027	9006	3415	1939	671	202	35	16	26	1672928
2002	375075	431865	368919	186553	82287	20388	3117	1189	572	253	79	19	17	1470332
2003	759779	288708	288362	235921	84519	30369	6787	1147	449	268	99	46	15	1696468
2004	243027	577509	215419	182849	116496	33995	10997	2654	492	230	130	56	27	1383882
2005	697364	186451	407267	136600	94486	39298	11278	4002	854	216	101	82	41	1578040
2006	539345	470095	141844	232607	68968	34190	13769	3414	1374	382	86	63	72	1506209
2007	1259517	439814	305605	89468	120749	30555	12807	4650	1222	587	154	49	67	2265243
2008	1017985	976289	337459	169025	53247	63615	15827	5829	2023	562	231	89	60	2642242
2009	590038	795485	745082	250581	90127	34070	29401	8128	3178	984	244	129	86	2547533
2010	204469	459238	654988	553101	170159	55001	19389	15158	4830	1699	380	138	131	2138680
2011	362283	183687	382331	539606	392561	87459	32100	10950	8494	2154	819	186	166	2002795
2012	509539	278784	148118	318532	409532	223437	45996	16640	5549	4081	1091	445	228	1961972
2013	472255	373104	228605	130017	244523	268796	139194	24118	9004	2645	2147	595	463	1895465
2014	860386	362190	300542	184030	103257	172721	150851	68053	11898	4168	1358	1195	695	2221343
2015	457348	579081	304387	216038	134295	69381	100654	78138	32311	5632	2050	746	1214	1981275
2016	289567	320014	424662	218679	138182	78203	45580	55989	36842	12667	2647	1107	1235	1625374
2017	788999	244082	231861	292021	149931	80467	42529	25522	24811	13794	5622	1394	1425	1902457
2018	510445	552851	192821	163927	191443	89215	41563	22753	11788	8282	5617	2810	1673	1795188
2019	666503	381061	401157	154720	95668	112423	49075	20655	9896	4265	3148	2686	2608	1903864
2020	568171	447081	288610	261056	106551	57499	59802	24839	9196	3707	1728	1571	3143	1832953
2021	406025	368619	329704	200343	155439	57711	29745	28086	11291	3488	1496	881	2950	1595778
2022		274930	264131	197664	122520	81092	26996	12661	11264	4775	1378	739	2511	1189669

Table 3.17. Northeast Arctic COD. Natural mortality used in final run
Year_age	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	+gp
1946	0.49	0.304	0.226	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1947	0.544	0.325	0.231	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1948	0.493	0.305	0.226	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1949	0.434	0.282	0.221	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1950	0.316	0.236	0.21	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1951	0.724	0.394	0.247	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1952	0.715	0.391	0.246	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1953	0.537	0.322	0.23	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1954	0.388	0.264	0.217	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1955	0.406	0.271	0.218	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1956	0.59	0.342	0.235	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1957	0.725	0.395	0.247	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1958	0.562	0.332	0.232	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1959	0.713	0.39	0.246	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1960	0.704	0.387	0.245	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1961	0.609	0.35	0.237	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1962	0.52	0.315	0.229	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1963	0.788	0.419	0.253	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1964	0.603	0.348	0.236	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1965	0.416	0.275	0.219	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1966	0.353	0.25	0.214	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1967	0.271	0.219	0.206	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1968	0.224	0.201	0.202	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1969	0.206	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1970	0.293	0.227	0.208	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1971	0.256	0.213	0.205	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1972	0.323	0.239	0.211	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1973	0.217	0.2	0.201	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1974	0.217	0.2	0.201	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1975	0.232	0.204	0.203	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1976	0.224	0.2	0.202	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1977	0.249	0.21	0.204	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1978	0.234	0.204	0.203	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1979	0.208	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1980	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1981	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1982	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1983	0.203	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1984	0.201	0.2	0.219	0.21	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1985	0.205	0.224	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1986	0.27	0.216	0.254	0.232	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1987	0.256	0.237	0.22	0.273	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1988	0.223	0.211	0.243	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1989	0.2	0.23	0.2	0.233	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1990	0.2	0.2	0.206	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1991	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.207	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1992	0.207	0.2	0.2	0.202	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1993	0.241	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1994	0.348	0.261	0.215	0.22	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1995	0.531	0.315	0.228	0.203	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1996	0.524	0.327	0.244	0.218	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1997	0.421	0.269	0.242	0.227	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1998	0.429	0.274	0.22	0.269	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
1999	0.264	0.234	0.238	0.224	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
2000	0.248	0.212	0.244	0.226	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
2001	0.236	0.22	0.2	0.231	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
2002	0.278	0.212	0.2	0.224	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
2003	0.239	0.2	0.2	0.212	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
2004	0.25	0.215	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
2005	0.298	0.212	0.215	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
2006	0.203	0.228	0.2	0.207	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
2007	0.247	0.2	0.247	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
2008	0.258	0.213	0.2	0.233	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
2009	0.274	0.209	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
2010	0.296	0.235	0.207	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
2011	0.423	0.313	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
2012	0.38	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
2013	0.393	0.235	0.205	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
2014	0.37	0.294	0.212	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
2015	0.356	0.262	0.235	0.204	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
2016	0.216	0.256	0.265	0.216	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
2017	0.395	0.218	0.214	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
2018	0.272	0.212	0.2	0.216	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
2019	0.306	0.217	0.213	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
2020	0.431	0.236	0.2	0.21	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
2021	0.402	0.272	0.256	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2

Table 3.18. Northeast Arctic COD. Summary table
Year	RECRUITS	TOTALBIO	TOTSPBIO	LANDINGS	YIELD/SSB	FBAR 5-10
1946	1138875	3931401	952394	706000	0.7413	0.251
1947	583558	3385179	903494	882017	0.9762	0.309
1948	441494	3351125	785218	774295	0.9861	0.348
1949	624817	2890579	595220	800122	1.3442	0.369
1950	1024284	2790520	536083	731982	1.3654	0.383
1951	2440524	3704792	494974	827180	1.6712	0.413
1952	2338131	4130639	488811	876795	1.7937	0.458
1953	2420273	4106311	412127	695546	1.6877	0.412
1954	830203	4208114	408122	826021	2.024	0.438
1955	383411	3542239	328050	1147841	3.499	0.518
1956	747357	3322443	281511	1343068	4.7709	0.568
1957	1431849	2814500	212384	792557	3.7317	0.528
1958	935015	2359498	205396	769313	3.7455	0.526
1959	1313367	2726727	434343	744607	1.7143	0.546
1960	1480277	2353678	384643	622042	1.6172	0.54
1961	1552082	2351974	386423	783221	2.0269	0.634
1962	1252752	2178272	315358	909266	2.8833	0.741
1963	902995	2010999	216125	776337	3.5921	0.812
1964	469311	1509320	200521	437695	2.1828	0.678
1965	873429	1454087	108075	444930	4.1169	0.579
1966	1844528	2217369	120996	483711	3.9978	0.549
1967	1313542	2732291	128675	572605	4.45	0.557
1968	183211	3286062	222846	1074084	4.8198	0.6
1969	110531	2824248	148914	1197226	8.0397	0.708
1970	206006	2165403	242143	933246	3.8541	0.697
1971	403526	1658704	330542	689048	2.0846	0.646
1972	1047601	1610511	353348	565254	1.5997	0.659
1973	1724173	2280602	334063	792685	2.3729	0.628
1974	566400	2186032	158939	1102433	6.9362	0.612
1975	608427	2093891	133486	829377	6.2132	0.658
1976	605952	1943280	167229	867463	5.1873	0.705
1977	372123	1935049	336160	905301	2.6931	0.816
1978	624267	1588450	227984	698715	3.0648	0.854
1979	202902	1137982	180487	440538	2.4408	0.772
1980	130635	853030	108443	380434	3.5081	0.761
1981	144064	964831	161275	399038	2.4743	0.792
1982	183023	750810	321134	363730	1.1326	0.774
1983	141058	747305	311281	289992	0.9316	0.791
1984	442631	830891	243444	277651	1.1405	0.867
1985	532740	1004865	195314	307920	1.5765	0.81
1986	1374811	1407704	164104	430113	2.621	0.873
1987	359158	1241250	115090	523071	4.5449	0.926
1988	335224	1009357	191447	434939	2.2718	0.881
1989	158192	956390	237375	332481	1.4007	0.665
1990	131207	909733	302447	212000	0.7009	0.424
1991	297393	1344239	635130	319158	0.5025	0.408
1992	716809	1690371	803817	513234	0.6385	0.485
1993	990119	2205391	702294	581611	0.8282	0.585
1994	752658	2120954	572233	771086	1.3475	0.744
1995	539812	1855549	534987	739999	1.3832	0.77
1996	405894	1700023	551598	732228	1.3275	0.79
1997	783453	1542431	545940	762403	1.3965	0.935
1998	1059540	1359999	386207	592624	1.5345	0.939
1999	630159	1206925	281001	484910	1.7257	0.936
2000	749764	1228857	255917	414868	1.6211	0.846
2001	593562	1481581	383996	426471	1.1106	0.737
2002	375075	1598087	521728	535045	1.0255	0.677
2003	759779	1685729	572476	551990	0.9642	0.631
2004	243027	1571565	666767	606445	0.9095	0.702
2005	697364	1521981	580090	641276	1.1055	0.704
2006	539345	1547352	584912	537642	0.9192	0.602
2007	1259517	1877119	652597	486883	0.7461	0.439
2008	1017985	2568546	724270	464171	0.6409	0.358
2009	590038	3109989	1016900	523430	0.5147	0.305
2010	204469	3355623	1250449	609983	0.4878	0.289
2011	362283	3592388	1814926	719830	0.3966	0.304
2012	509539	3673800	2037769	727663	0.3571	0.287
2013	472255	3766466	2271239	966209	0.4254	0.312
2014	860386	3504846	2164925	986449	0.4557	0.329
2015	457348	3348812	1761651	864384	0.4907	0.328
2016	289567	2926799	1417485	849422	0.5992	0.347
2017	788999	2867063	1446266	868276	0.6004	0.377
2018	510445	2677304	1314594	778627	0.5923	0.39
2019	666503	2587148	1267579	692609	0.5464	0.399
2020	568171	2318488	1045938	692903	0.6625	0.428
2021	406025	2132863	936281	767284	0.8195	0.481
Arith. Mean	737200	2229299	576163	673724	2.0158	0.591

Table 3.19a. Northeast Arctic COD. Input for the short term prediction
Year	Age	N	M	Mat	SWT	Sel	CWT
2022	3	476000	0.380	0.014	0.293	0.010	0.499
	4	274930	0.242	0.000	0.48	0.058	0.869
	5	264131	0.223	0.010	0.929	0.163	1.381
	6	197664	0.203	0.079	1.616	0.279	2.141
	7	122520	0.2	0.402	2.741	0.385	3.033
	8	81092	0.2	0.674	3.933	0.484	4.219
	9	26996	0.2	0.756	5.744	0.537	5.850
	10	12661	0.2	0.975	8.012	0.644	7.317
	11	11264	0.2	1	9.648	0.778	8.453
	12	4775	0.2	1	11.361	0.712	10.303
	13	1378	0.2	1	13.279	0.490	11.400
	14	739	0.2	1	15.613	0.251	12.838
	15	2511	0.2	1	17.706	0.251	14.058
2023	3	566000	0.380	0.005	0.227	0.010	0.597
	4		0.242	0.001	0.580	0.058	0.841
	5		0.223	0.010	0.945	0.163	1.354
	6		0.203	0.110	1.573	0.279	2.035
	7		0.2	0.381	2.539	0.385	3.014
	8		0.2	0.702	3.913	0.484	4.269
	9		0.2	0.851	5.606	0.537	5.704
	10		0.2	0.968	7.661	0.644	7.119
	11		0.2	0.986	9.990	0.778	8.422
	12		0.2	1	11.495	0.712	9.959
	13		0.2	1	13.459	0.490	11.712
	14		0.2	1	15.448	0.251	12.814
	15		0.2	1	17.818	0.251	14.251
2024	3	383000	0.380	0.005	0.214	0.010	0.597
	4		0.242	0.001	0.515	0.058	0.841
	5		0.223	0.010	1.045	0.163	1.354
	6		0.203	0.110	1.589	0.279	2.035
	7		0.2	0.381	2.496	0.385	3.014
	8		0.2	0.702	3.712	0.484	4.269
	9		0.2	0.851	5.586	0.537	5.704
	10		0.2	0.968	7.523	0.644	7.119
	11		0.2	0.986	9.639	0.778	8.422
	12		0.2	1	11.836	0.712	9.959
	13		0.2	1	13.592	0.490	11.712
	14		0.2	1	15.627	0.251	12.814
	15		0.2	1	17.653	0.251	14.251

Table 3.19b. Northeast Arctic COD. Input for the short term prediction
Year	Cod3	OxSatt39	DOxSatt13	ITwt43	Icet15	expIcet40
1962	1252752	-0.19	-6.6	1.86	0.5	0
1963	902995	-0.94	-2.37	1.59	1.5	0
1964	469311	1.63	1.23	2.47	9	0
1965	873429	0.88	-0.2	3.91	15.7	0
1966	1844528	-1.09	-3.98	7.97	5.3	0
1967	1313542	-0.23	-2.84	8.23	5	9.3
1968	183211	1.5	-0.13	3.78	15.5	0
1969	110531	0.85	0.63	1.77	15.9	0
1970	206006	-0.17	-0.23	3.51	19.8	7.9
1971	403526	0.06	-0.12	-0.13	18.8	2.7
1972	1047601	-3.32	-6.59	14.55	-0.6	428.9
1973	1724173	-2.1	-10.37	19.14	1.8	768.6
1974	566400	1.06	-1.73	2.4	2	0
1975	608427	1.9	0.78	-2.64	-1.2	0
1976	605952	1.33	-1.28	-3.07	-1.9	0
1977	372123	-0.07	-1.84	-2.44	2.5	0
1978	624267	1.19	0.1	1.05	-1	0
1979	202902	0.5	-1.48	-0.12	3.5	0
1980	130635	-0.31	-2.72	1.98	12.9	0
1981	144064	0.76	-0.18	1.94	14.7	0
1982	183023	0.8	0.61	-3.15	8	0.1
1983	141058	0.78	0.22	1.87	12.2	8.5
1984	442631	-2.21	-2.35	-3.08	12.9	0
1985	532740	-0.1	-1.17	3.59	-1.2	0.1
1986	1374811	-2.14	-4.39	1.39	-8.5	2.9
1987	359158	-0.33	-1.69	2.12	0.6	0
1988	335224	0.87	-1.4	-2.34	3.8	0
1989	158192	0.32	-3.42	-5.17	10.5	0
1990	131207	1.11	-1.32	-4.21	10.5	0
1991	297393	0.88	0.7	2.42	6.5	0
1992	716809	1.34	0.48	1.37	-0.9	0
1993	990119	-1.98	-3.86	6.12	-0.6	0
1994	752658	-0.5	-2.26	8.25	-4.9	0
1995	539812	0.83	-2.42	4.36	1.8	0
1996	405894	0.86	-0.08	0.55	0.7	0
1997	783453	0.88	0.17	3.11	-7.3	0
1998	1059540	0.3	-6.08	-2.32	-2.5	0
1999	630159	-0.72	-2.4	-6.81	2.9	0
2000	749764	1.86	1.55	-2.29	13.6	0
2001	593562	0.62	0.05	-6.04	2.3	0
2002	375075	-0.88	-0.98	3.63	-9.9	0.8
2003	759779	-0.39	-0.64	8.5	-5.8	0
2004	243027	-2.2	-2.53	-4.62	-1.4	0
2005	697364	-1.65	-1.82	-1.45	4.9	0
2006	539345	-1.18	-1.65	-4	-6	0
2007	1259517	-1.39	-4.42	7.42	-12.3	0
2008	1017985	-1.14	-1.59	3.39	-18	0
2009	590038	0.79	-1.83	-1.61	-17.5	0
2010	204469	-0.38	-2.6	-8.94	-9	0
2011	362283	0.83	-0.07	-5	-4.3	0
2012	509539	0.91	-0.13	-5.05	-4.3	0
2013	472255	0.04	-0.09	1.44	-10.5	0
2014	860386	-0.46	-1	1.43	-17.8	0
2015	457348	-1.26	-1.62	-2.22	-10.5	0
2016	289567	-1.31	-1.92	-7.52	-5.8	0
2017	788999	-0.33	-0.64	-1.69	-14.4	0
2018	510445	-1.24	-1.41	0.1	-20.9	0
2019	666503	-0.63	-1.08	-1.71	-13.2	0
2020	568171	-2.02	-2.19	-6.35	-13.6	0
2021	406025	-0.8	-1.08	-1.33	-9.2	0
2022	NA	-1.55	-2.1	-2.47	-12.8	0
2023	NA	-1.52	-2.85	-4.18	-8.5	0
2024	NA	-0.31	NA	-5.63	NA	0
2025	NA	-0.35	NA	-7.5	NA	0

Table 3.19c. Northeast Arctic COD. Input for the short term prediction using RCT3
yearclass	recruitment	BST1	BST2	BST3	BSA1	BSA2	BSA3
1982	533	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
1983	1375	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
1984	359	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
1985	335	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
1986	158	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
1987	131	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
1988	297	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
1989	717	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
1990	990	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
1991	753	NA	NA	294	NA	NA	324
1992	540	NA	557	283	NA	624	138
1993	406	1044	541	163	903	212	99
1994	783	5356	792	318	2175	272	159
1995	1060	5899	1423	355	1826	565	391
1996	630	5044	496	188	1699	475	148
1997	750	2491	350	246	2524	232	295
1998	594	473	242	183	365	263	177
1999	375	129	78	118	153	52	61
2000	760	713	419	377	364	209	307
2001	243	34	66	64	19	53	33
2002	697	3022	243	249	1505	117	125
2003	539	323	217	116	161	139	65
2004	1260	853	289	361	500	158	59
2005	1018	674	370	194	411	47	200
2006	590	595	102	126	85	94	108
2007	204	69	36	37	51	26	23
2008	362	389	95	85	205	44	40
2009	510	1028	226	76	620	91	83
2010	472	617	100	69	266	40	61
2011	860	703	143	227	497	89	287
2012	457	436	191	144	313	211	139
2013	290	1246	343	99	1759	211	56
2014	789	1642	306	179	1904	202	112
2015	510	312	129	139	241	73	109
2016	667	645	501	282	439	280	204
2017	568	2714	559	238	2058	362	117
2018	406	1791	274	112	1437	158	65
2019	NA	165	35	52	93	29	29
2020	NA	81	66	NA	46	43	NA
2021	NA	668	NA	NA	525	NA	NA

Table 3.19d. Overview of available prognoses of NEA cod recruitment (in million individuals of age 3) from different models.
Model	Variable	Years	2022	2023	2024	2025
TitovEL	Age 3	4	610	543	383	315
TitovEL	weight		0.318	0.512	1	1
TitovES	Age 3	2	624	590
TitovES	weight		0.304	0.488
RCT3	Age 3	3	244	337	505
RCT3	weight		0.378
Hybrid	Age 3	4	476	566	383	315

Table 3.20. Northeast Arctic COD. Management option table.
2022
Biomass (t)	SSB (t)	FMult	FBar	Landings (t)
1984724	832958	1	0.481	640700

2023				2024
Biomass	SSB	FBar	Landings	Biomass	SSB
1793327	751297	0.00	0	2283565	1134101
		0.05	72129	2200360	1072502
		0.10	140660	2121527	1014542
		0.15	205801	2046806	959991
		0.20	267747	1975955	908634
		0.25	326679	1908745	860271
		0.30	382768	1844965	814716
		0.35	436175	1784414	771794
		0.40	487049	1726907	731342
		0.45	535531	1672268	693208
		0.50	581755	1620333	657249
		0.55	625843	1570949	623332
		0.60	667913	1523970	591333
		0.65	708075	1479262	561135
		0.70	746432	1436698	532630
		0.75	783080	1396158	505715
		0.80	818111	1357530	480296
		0.85	851611	1320710	456282
		0.90	883661	1285597	433589
		0.95	914335	1252100	412141

Table 3.21. Northeast Arctic COD. Detailed prediction output assuming Fsq in 20 22 and HCR in 2023.
Age	F	CatchNos	Yield	StockNos	Biomass	SSNos(Jan)	SSB(Jan)
Fbar age range: 5-10 Year: 2022 F multiplier: 1 Fbar: 0.4810
3	0.011	4382	2	476000	139	6664	2
4	0.067	15944	14	274930	132	0	0
5	0.189	40924	57	264131	245	2641	2
6	0.323	49604	106	197664	319	15615	25
7	0.446	40267	122	122520	336	49253	135
8	0.561	31836	134	81092	319	54656	215
9	0.622	11449	67	26996	155	20409	117
10	0.746	6105	45	12661	101	12344	99
11	0.901	6151	52	11264	109	11264	109
12	0.825	2463	25	4775	54	4775	54
13	0.567	546	6	1378	18	1378	18
14	0.291	170	2	739	12	739	12
15+	0.291	577	8	2511	44	2511	44
Total	NA	210418 (thous)	641(thou. tonnes)	1476661 (thous)	1985 (thou. tonnes)	182250 (thous)	833 (thou. tonnes)
Fbar age range: 5-10 Year: 2023 F multiplier: 1.01 Fbar: 0.4835
3	0.011	5237	3	566000	129	3019	1
4	0.068	18770	16	322026	187	215	0
5	0.190	31420	43	201831	191	2018	2
6	0.324	44095	90	174933	275	19301	30
7	0.449	38549	116	116806	297	44542	113
8	0.564	25305	108	64204	251	45072	176
9	0.625	16135	92	37899	212	32252	181
10	0.749	5742	41	11866	91	11486	88
11	0.905	2695	23	4919	49	4851	48
12	0.829	1940	19	3747	43	3747	43
13	0.570	682	8	1714	23	1714	23
14	0.292	148	2	640	10	640	10
15+	0.292	459	7	1990	35	1990	35
Total	NA	191177 (thous)	567 (thou. tonnes)	1508574 (thous)	1793 (thou. tonnes)	170846 (thous)	751 (thou. tonnes)

Table 3.22. Northeast Arctic COD. Assessments results by means of TISVPA
Year	B(3+)	SSB	R(3)	F(5-10)
1984	832475	257128	423540	0.794
1985	997042	201878	562013	0.640
1986	1371608	182219	1088448	0.787
1987	1217892	133125	288771	1.030
1988	989270	219074	216731	0.977
1989	919430	242343	174394	0.463
1990	988089	331327	228120	0.310
1991	1576090	725896	407282	0.226
1992	1954099	942530	706308	0.409
1993	2417354	833487	919721	0.619
1994	2202724	648104	714627	0.822
1995	1862607	561769	483248	0.763
1996	1769846	611779	389590	0.732
1997	1653878	660891	645301	1.064
1998	1310048	430437	795960	1.077
1999	1113365	290190	482785	0.922
2000	1092663	249331	566302	0.641
2001	1341324	375817	483100	0.515
2002	1477950	507382	421038	0.507
2003	1578393	545747	669974	0.506
2004	1521547	640634	273873	0.599
2005	1485862	579150	529460	0.603
2006	1510903	599171	529677	0.628
2007	1804575	636829	1260970	0.490
2008	2532511	690152	1237491	0.349
2009	3180322	983447	837192	0.334
2010	3450733	1173373	482215	0.367
2011	3636614	1657124	607215	0.321
2012	3752025	1901044	677845	0.290
2013	3879833	2114406	800478	0.299
2014	3609887	2017731	1012919	0.331
2015	3427586	1611365	497349	0.358
2016	3054495	1319476	359955	0.331
2017	3073171	1483256	732593	0.398
2018	2807889	1385292	510018	0.437
2019	2608769	1327529	530801	0.386
2020	2276282	1090178	368720	0.406
2021	2023565	971926	255602	0.530
2022	1577540	787739

Table 3.23. NEA cod TISVPA estimates of abundance at age (thousands)
Year	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15
1984	423540	135475	77073	45251	24243	12654	9060	1440	660	412	198	36	24
1985	562013	339808	97750	45065	19561	6752	3332	2368	464	352	170	113	28
1986	1088448	439315	233334	56057	20761	6829	2177	1296	1094	229	248	106	44
1987	288771	807686	293966	115554	22666	7077	2096	737	406	382	75	162	55
1988	216731	213153	524049	145983	35973	6050	2108	737	157	137	113	40	14
1989	174394	165787	150616	284854	60443	9627	1628	615	173	35	48	55	79
1990	228120	138858	117403	95106	154533	25579	3449	655	267	100	17	36	14
1991	407282	185090	106944	83202	61237	97223	14463	2034	376	165	67	10	19
1992	706308	329545	142724	74206	51266	34497	58289	8483	1277	258	121	52	6
1993	919721	558121	241106	93966	40988	25889	16301	30789	4419	755	139	91	4
1994	714627	713450	416255	143703	48128	19010	11208	6726	13079	1835	295	65	14
1995	483248	498374	495670	246587	63316	13694	5954	3276	1937	4053	576	142	3
1996	389590	280514	327233	292254	116764	23190	4683	1944	989	538	1536	288	3
1997	645301	225111	179090	187075	142900	47128	8457	1837	644	335	203	633	3
1998	795960	412991	141348	84808	74507	47580	12041	1942	411	130	68	58	141
1999	482785	495248	244147	69239	31006	25706	11901	3363	465	124	34	23	86
2000	566302	363702	323873	113974	25926	10989	6834	2385	1012	155	53	4	53
2001	483100	436767	264068	172682	49870	9675	3623	1873	651	497	63	33	102
2002	421038	376872	318886	162943	81958	21007	3469	1516	631	254	306	44	29
2003	669974	316334	277940	196002	76114	31310	7627	1320	766	317	111	220	5
2004	273873	520975	240139	173789	99040	32288	12769	3538	615	469	172	72	36
2005	529460	211153	384639	152377	85195	38108	11351	4595	1334	242	260	106	31
2006	529677	387746	153767	217638	74087	32976	13406	4013	1570	562	106	183	630
2007	1260970	424821	269442	95745	106990	32504	12800	4518	1585	555	250	63	170
2008	1237491	964878	311010	158248	54529	54430	16087	6442	2227	797	211	163	81
2009	837192	948353	732626	216807	94049	31657	26730	8427	3583	1172	446	137	131
2010	482215	631431	733100	520182	135327	56469	18030	13975	4998	2098	259	298	213
2011	607215	356825	481574	537231	345907	76533	30143	10155	7387	1817	985	79	0
2012	677845	396238	252910	359807	368609	211181	42902	14792	4356	3426	986	487	167
2013	800478	461064	283877	190409	253330	235295	125950	23966	7629	2046	1851	566	922
2014	1012919	537603	351039	209639	134605	157336	128477	63054	11807	3740	1087	1150	860
2015	497349	695648	383153	248119	138557	82752	80923	64432	31047	6155	1975	638	1208
2016	359955	344880	506831	264221	155082	82398	46705	43675	30885	12144	2828	1208	1495
2017	732593	287981	255836	341890	171641	92871	46365	25315	19253	12614	5745	1606	1147
2018	510018	488492	218871	178786	215496	96968	48310	24005	11943	6318	5023	3102	1001
2019	530801	383163	367726	152573	110772	121786	51320	23778	11112	4205	2210	2308	1318
2020	368720	387242	287531	250662	96645	65067	63376	26380	11469	5250	1778	1212	1087
2021	255602	235570	285109	197022	152009	51599	34042	30961	11737	4464	2856	960	1449
2022		168893	162960	173593	107260	70946	21980	14530	13053	5159	2083	1725	580

Table 3.24. NEA cod TISVPA estimates of fishing mortality coefficients
Year	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	F(5-10)
1984	0.022	0.134	0.317	0.546	0.982	0.988	0.980	0.950	0.301	0.917	0.456	0.456	0.456	0.794
1985	0.021	0.122	0.307	0.451	0.621	0.911	0.769	0.782	0.697	0.232	0.376	0.376	0.376	0.640
1986	0.021	0.154	0.386	0.627	0.749	0.878	1.125	0.956	0.883	0.749	0.439	0.439	0.439	0.787
1987	0.026	0.154	0.508	0.838	1.138	1.104	1.087	1.503	1.102	0.964	0.517	0.517	0.517	1.030
1988	0.025	0.162	0.411	0.903	1.197	1.297	1.020	1.032	1.244	0.902	0.489	0.489	0.489	0.977
1989	0.014	0.089	0.238	0.360	0.578	0.594	0.540	0.466	0.436	0.478	0.252	0.252	0.252	0.463
1990	0.008	0.059	0.158	0.259	0.313	0.415	0.371	0.347	0.283	0.258	0.167	0.167	0.167	0.310
1991	0.007	0.038	0.111	0.186	0.247	0.254	0.292	0.268	0.235	0.188	0.123	0.123	0.123	0.226
1992	0.010	0.068	0.166	0.314	0.445	0.516	0.460	0.550	0.461	0.386	0.211	0.211	0.211	0.409
1993	0.014	0.086	0.258	0.404	0.662	0.822	0.827	0.740	0.832	0.654	0.309	0.309	0.309	0.619
1994	0.017	0.113	0.282	0.559	0.726	1.061	1.131	1.171	0.927	1.008	0.388	0.388	0.388	0.822
1995	0.016	0.106	0.300	0.476	0.785	0.844	1.037	1.136	1.055	0.810	0.383	0.383	0.383	0.763
1996	0.021	0.103	0.290	0.526	0.678	0.954	0.858	1.088	1.070	0.950	0.390	0.390	0.390	0.732
1997	0.027	0.175	0.371	0.703	1.126	1.229	1.560	1.394	1.688	1.540	0.537	0.537	0.537	1.064
1998	0.030	0.176	0.502	0.660	1.046	1.407	1.227	1.618	1.270	1.419	0.538	0.538	0.538	1.077
1999	0.023	0.182	0.457	0.840	0.851	1.106	1.192	1.085	1.229	0.960	0.486	0.486	0.486	0.922
2000	0.018	0.112	0.370	0.563	0.798	0.658	0.699	0.759	0.647	0.683	0.342	0.342	0.342	0.641
2001	0.014	0.097	0.241	0.502	0.604	0.700	0.502	0.542	0.539	0.451	0.272	0.272	0.272	0.515
2002	0.012	0.083	0.242	0.379	0.653	0.651	0.644	0.475	0.475	0.456	0.255	0.255	0.255	0.507
2003	0.013	0.075	0.208	0.387	0.491	0.720	0.612	0.619	0.425	0.410	0.243	0.243	0.243	0.506
2004	0.014	0.097	0.228	0.407	0.637	0.684	0.882	0.757	0.702	0.459	0.284	0.284	0.284	0.599
2005	0.016	0.092	0.263	0.390	0.574	0.764	0.699	0.926	0.725	0.647	0.289	0.289	0.289	0.603
2006	0.016	0.108	0.267	0.494	0.594	0.749	0.860	0.802	0.978	0.730	0.317	0.317	0.317	0.628
2007	0.013	0.087	0.236	0.365	0.544	0.543	0.581	0.673	0.582	0.664	0.258	0.258	0.258	0.490
2008	0.009	0.065	0.173	0.293	0.363	0.450	0.391	0.425	0.450	0.382	0.194	0.194	0.194	0.349
2009	0.008	0.054	0.160	0.271	0.375	0.394	0.426	0.378	0.381	0.390	0.185	0.185	0.185	0.334
2010	0.008	0.055	0.150	0.285	0.396	0.469	0.429	0.474	0.389	0.380	0.200	0.200	0.200	0.367
2011	0.007	0.044	0.130	0.224	0.347	0.410	0.422	0.394	0.404	0.323	0.183	0.183	0.000	0.321
2012	0.007	0.040	0.107	0.198	0.280	0.371	0.383	0.402	0.349	0.346	0.173	0.173	0.173	0.290
2013	0.007	0.048	0.112	0.190	0.291	0.354	0.414	0.435	0.425	0.357	0.191	0.191	0.191	0.299
2014	0.008	0.051	0.145	0.213	0.297	0.396	0.423	0.509	0.496	0.467	0.225	0.225	0.225	0.331
2015	0.009	0.060	0.153	0.277	0.333	0.401	0.470	0.515	0.577	0.541	0.264	0.264	0.264	0.358
2016	0.009	0.056	0.151	0.245	0.363	0.371	0.390	0.466	0.473	0.509	0.258	0.258	0.258	0.331
2017	0.012	0.068	0.177	0.306	0.409	0.527	0.467	0.502	0.561	0.548	0.321	0.321	0.321	0.398
2018	0.014	0.085	0.195	0.322	0.460	0.525	0.590	0.531	0.529	0.570	0.356	0.356	0.356	0.437
2019	0.012	0.083	0.200	0.286	0.384	0.464	0.458	0.523	0.438	0.422	0.315	0.315	0.315	0.386
2020	0.015	0.082	0.228	0.350	0.407	0.465	0.490	0.494	0.523	0.423	0.332	0.332	0.332	0.406
2021	0.014	0.092	0.242	0.408	0.562	0.653	0.651	0.664	0.622	0.562	0.304	0.304	0.304	0.530

Figure 3.1. Standard plots for Northeast Arctic cod (ICES subareas 1 and 2)

grafikk — Figure 3.2a. Standardized one-observation-ahead residuals for log-catches and log-indices (Thygesen et al . 2017) in the final SAM run

Figure 3.2b. NEA cod SSB, R and Fbar model retrospective pattern for final SAM run.

Figure 3.2c. NEA cod SSB, Fbar and R historical retrospective pattern for final SAM run.

grafikk, graf — Figure 3.2d. NEA cod final SAM run fit. Total catch in weight. Modelled catches from the final run and point wise 95% confidence intervals are shown by line and shaded area. The yearly observed total catch weight (crosses) are calculated as Catch(y)=sum(W(a,y)*C(a,y)).

grafer — Figure 3.2e. NEA cod. Catchability of different fleets used for final SAM run fit.

Figure 3.4. Northeast Arctic cod. Fishing mortality (F5-10) (top panel) and trawl efforts in 1985–2020 (bottom panel).

diagram, grafer — Figure 3. 5. Cod CPUE in Norwegian trawl catches where cod is the main species (double and single trawl). Connected line shows mean, line inside the box shows the median, and the box shows 25 and 75 percentiles.

Figure 3.6a. Residuals of the TISVPA data approximation (yellow circles are positive residuals, white – negative, maximum bubble size corresponds to residual = 2.4).

Table A1. North-East Arctic COD. Catch per unit effort.
	Sub-area \|I			Division IIb				Division IIa			Total
Year	Norway ²	UK ³	Russia ⁴		Norway ²	UK ³	Russia ⁴		Norway ²	UK ³		Norway
1966	-	0.074	0.42		-	0.078	0.19		-	0.067
1967	-	0.081	0.53		-	0.106	0.87		-	0.052
1968	-	0.110	1.09		-	0.173	1.21		-	0.056
1969	-	0.113	1.00		-	0.135	1.17		-	0.094
1970	-	0.100	0.80		-	0.100	0.80		-	0.066
1971	-	0.056	0.43		-	0.071	0.16		-	0.062
1972	0.90	0.047	0.34		0.59	0.051	0.18		1.08	0.055
1973	1.05	0.057	0.56		0.43	0.054	0.57		0.71	0.043
1974	1.75	0.079	0.86		1.94	0.106	0.77		0.19	0.028
1975	1.82	0.077	0.94		1.67	0.100	0.43		1.36	0.033
1976	1.69	0.060	0.84		1.20	0.081	0.30		1.69	0.035
1977	1.54	0.052	0.63		0.91	0.056	0.25		1.16	0.044		1.17
1978	1.37	0.062	0.52		0.56	0.044	0.08		1.12	0.037		0.94
1979	0.85	0.046	0.43		0.62	-	0.06		1.06	0.042		0.85
1980	1.47	-	0.49		0.41	-	0.16		1.27	-		1.23
						Spain ⁵				Russia ⁴
1981	1.42	-	0.41		(0.96)	-	0.07		1.02	0.35		1.21
1982	1.30	-	0.35		-	0.86	0.26		1.01	0.34		1.09
1983	1.58	-	0.31		(1.31)	0.92	0.36		1.05	0.38		1.11
1984	1.40	-	0.45		1.20	0.78	0.35		0.73	0.27		0.96
1985	1.86	-	1.04		1.51	1.37	0.50		0.90	0.39		1.29
1986	1.97	-	1.00		2.39	1.73	0.84		1.36	1.14		1.70
1987	1.77	-	0.97		2.00	1.82	1.05		1.73	0.67		1.77
1988	1.58	-	0.66		1.61	(1.36)	0.54		0.97	0.55		1.03
1989	1.49	-	0.71		0.41	2.70	0.45		0.78	0.43		0.76
1990	1.35	-	0.70		0.39	2.69	0.80		0.38	0.60		0.49
1991	1.38	-	0.67		0.29	4.96	0.76		0.50	0.90		0.44
1992	2.19	-	0.79		3.06	2.47	0.23		0.98	0.65		1.29
1993	2.33	-	0.85		2.98	3.38	1.00		1.74	1.03		1.87
1994	2.50	-	1.01		2.82	1.44	1.14		1.27	0.86		1.59
1995	1.57	-	0.59		2.73	1.65	1.10		1.00	1.01		1.92
1996			0.74			1.11	0.85			0.99		1.81
1997			0.61				0.57			0.74		1.36
1998			0.37				0.29			0.40		0.83
1999			0.29				0.34			0.39		0.74
2000			0.34				0.37			0.53		0.92
2001			0.46				0.46			0.69		1.21
2002			0.58				0.66			0.57		1.35
2003			0.70				1.22			0.73		1.67
2004			0.48				0.78			0.84		1.67
2005			0.45				0.62			0.81		1.23
2006			0.49				0.54			0.84		0.88
2007			0.71				0.51			0.88		1.16
200 8			0.93				0.79			1.21
2009			1.33				1.16			0.83
2010			1.47				1.18			1.16
2011			1.77				1.69			2.46		4.87 ⁶
2012			2.25				1.44			2.11		6.97 ⁶
201 3			2.30				1.46			2.60		4.96 ⁶
201 4			2.07				1.54			2.38		5.75 ⁶
2015			1.06				1.38			1.93		4.54 ⁶
2016			1.15				1.06			1.39		3.64 ⁶
201 7			1.00				1.0 0			1.0 5		3.01 ⁶
2018			1.0 6				1. 40			1. 31		3.20 ⁶
2019			1 .01				0.89			1.16		3.02 ⁶
2020			0.78				0.68			1.42		3.38 ⁶
2021 ¹			0.70				0.89			0.86		2.51 ⁶

¹ Preliminary figures.

² Norwegian data - t per 1,000 tonnage*hrs fishing.

³ United Kingdom data - t per 100 tonnage*hrs fishing.

⁴ Russian data - t per hr fishing.

⁵ Spanish data - t per hr fishing.

⁶ 2011-2020 Norwegian data on t per hr fishing are from single-trawl only, not comparable to data from previous years

Table A2. North-east Arctic COD. Abundance indices (millions) from the Norwegian acoustic survey in the Barents Sea in January-March. New TS and rock-hopper gear (1981-1988 back-calculated from bobbins gear). Corrected for length-dependent effective spread of trawl. Data from 1994 onwards corrected for three northern areas and the method of filling in gaps (WD 1, WKBarFar 2021).
Period	Sub-area I	Divisions IIa and IIb
1960–1973	RT	RT
1974–1980	PST	RT
1981–	PST	PST

Vessel type: RT = side trawlers, 800–1000 HP, PST = stern trawlers, up to 2000 HP.

tabell

Table A3. North-East Arctic COD. Abundance indices (millions) from the Norwegian bottom trawl survey in the Barents Sea in January-March. Rock-hopper gear (1981-1988 back-calculated from bobbins gear). Corrected for length-dependent effective spread of trawl. Data from 1994 and onwards corrected - WD 1, WKBarFar 2021 tabell

Table A4. North East Arctic COD. Abundance at age (millions) from the Norwegian acoustic survey on the spawning grounds off Lofoten in March-April.

tabell

Table A5. North East Arctic COD. Length (cm) at-age in the Barents Sea from the investigations winter survey in February. Data for ages 1-11 from 1994 and onwards - WD 1, WKBarFar 2021. tabell

Table A6. North East Arctic COD. Weight (g) at-age in the Barents Sea from the investigations winter survey in February. Data for ages 1-11 from 1994 and onwards - WD 1, WKBarFar 2021.

tabell

*revised

Table A7. Northeast Arctic COD. Length at age in cm in the Lofoten survey.

tabell

*revised

Table A8. Northeast Arctic COD. Mean weight-at-age (kg) in the Lofoten survey.

tabell

*revised

Table A9. Northeast Arctic COD. Results from the Russian trawl-acoustic survey in the Barents Sea and adjacent waters in the autumn. Stock number in millions.

tabell

Table A10. Northeast Arctic COD. Abundance indices (millions) from the Russian bottom trawl survey in the Barents Sea.

tabell

Table A11. Northeast Arctic COD. Length-at-age (cm) from Russian surveys in November-December.

tabell

Table A12. Northeast Arctic COD. Weight (g) at age from Russian surveys in November-December.

tabell

Table A13. Northeast Arctic COD. Sum of acoustic abundance estimates (millions) in the Joint winter Barents Sea survey (Table A2) and the Norwegian Lofoten acoustic survey (Table A4).

tabell

Table A14. Swept area estimates (millions) of Northeast Arctic Cod from the Joint Norwegian- Russian ecosystem survey in August-September (2020 data are taken from WD 01 AFWG 2021).

tabell

Table A15. Mean weight at age of cod (g), data from bottom trawls Barents Sea Ecosystem survey. StoX calculations.

tabell

*revised

4 - Haddock in subareas 1 and 2 (Northeast Arctic)

4.1 - Introductory note

On 30^th March 2022 all Russian participation in ICES was suspended. The AFWG report 2022 chapter on haddock was therefore not been updated except tables of total catch (Tables 4.1-4.5.).

In the present report, we have kept the main structure of the NEA haddock chapters in AFWG reports from the last years.

4.2 - Status of the fisheries

4.2.1 - Historical development of the fisheries

Haddock is mainly fished by trawl as bycatch in the fishery for cod. Also, a directed trawl fishery for haddock is conducted. The proportion of the total catches taken by direct fishery varies between years. On average approximately 30% of the catch is with conventional gears, mostly longline, which in the past was used almost exclusively by Norway. Some of the longline catches are from a directed fishery, which is restricted by national quotas. In the Norwegian management, the quotas are set separately for trawl and other gears. The fishery is also regulated by a minimum landing size (40 cm), a minimum mesh size in trawls and Danish seine, a maximum bycatch of undersized fish, closure of areas with high density/catches of juveniles and other seasonal and area restrictions.

The exploitation rate of haddock has been variable. The highest fishing mortalities for haddock have occurred at low to intermediate stock levels and historically show little relationship with the exploitation rate of cod, despite haddock being primarily caught as bycatch in the cod fishery. However, the more restrictive quota regulations introduced around 1990 have resulted in a more stable pattern in the exploitation rate.

The exceptionally strong year classes 2005–2006 contributed to the strong increase to all-time high stock levels and high catch levels in the last decade. Their importance in the catches is currently minimal. Currently, the 2016 year-class is dominating the catches.

4.2.2 - Catches prior to 2022 (Table 4.1–Table 4.3, Figure 4.1)

The highest landings of haddock historically were 322 kt in 1973. Since 1973 the highest catches observed was 316 kt in 2012. The landings in 2018, 2019 and 2020 were below 200 kt (Figure 4.1).

Provisional official landings for 2021 are about 205 kt, which is 12% below agreed TAC (233 kt).

In 2006 it was decided to include reported Norwegian landings of haddock from the Norwegian statistical areas 06 and 07 (i.e. between 62°N and Lofoten Islands). These areas were not previously included in the total landings of NEA haddock as input for this stock assessment (ICES CM 2006/ACFM:19; ICES CM 2006/ACFM:25).

Estimates of unreported catches (IUU catches) of haddock have been added to reported landings for the years from 2002 to 2008. Two estimates of IUU catches were available, one Norwegian and one Russian. At the benchmark in 2011 it was decided to base the final assessment on the Norwegian IUU estimates (ICES CM 2011/ACOM:38; Table 4.1).

We continue to include the estimates of IUU catches 2002–2008. The IUU catches are assumed to be negligible for the period 2009–2021 and therefore set to zero.

4.2.3 - Catch advice and TAC for 2022

The catch advice for 2022 was 179 kt and the Joint Norwegian-Russian Fisheries Commission set the TAC in accordance with the HCR. Furthermore, Russia and Norway can transfer the unused part of their own quota, restricted to a maximum of 10% of own quotas from 2021 to 2022.

4.3 - Status of research

4.3.1 - Survey results

Russia provided indices for 1982–2015 and 2017 for the Barents Sea trawl and acoustic survey (TAS) which was carried out in October–December (FLT01, RU-BTr-Q4). The survey was discontinued in 2018.

The Joint Barents Sea winter survey provides two index series used for tuning and recruitment forecast (bottom trawl: FLT02, NoRu-BTr-Q1 and acoustics: FLT04, NoRu-Aco-Q1). The survey area has been extended from 2014 with additional northern areas (N) covered. The extended area is now included in total and standard survey index calculations for haddock (WKDEM 2020). Overall, this survey tracks both strong and poor year classes well. The indices from the Joint winter survey of cod and haddock in the Barents Sea are provided in the annual survey reports from this survey (e.g., Fall et al 2022). The spatial survey coverage in 2022 was good. Note that since the AFWG 2021 was conducted, minor errors were discovered in the winter survey indices for 2021 (both acoustic and bottom trawl). The current assessment uses the corrected indices. The report from the 2022 survey (Fall et al in prep) will provide the correct indices back in time.

The Joint Barents Sea ecosystem survey provides indices by age from bottom trawl data (FLT007, Eco-NoRu-Q3 Btr) used for tuning and recruitment forecast. At the benchmark in 2011 it was decided to include this survey as tuning series. Tuning indices by age from the Joint ecosystem survey is calculated using the BIOFOX programme (Prozorkevich and Gjøsæter 2014). The survey coverage of the haddock distribution in 2022 was relatively good.

The survey indices for ages used in tuning can be found in Table 4.9, and the survey indices used in recruitment forecast can be found in Table 4.16.

4.4 - Data used in the assessment

4.4.1 - Catch-at-age (Table 4.4)

Age and length composition of the landings in 2021 were available from Norway and Russia in Subarea 1 and Division 2.b, and from Norway, Russia, and Germany in Division 2.a. The biological sampling of NEA haddock catches is considered good for the most important ages in the fisheries.

Relevant data of estimated catch-at-age was obtained from InterCatch for the period 2008–2020 and is presented together with historical values from 1950–2007 in Table 4.4. For the 2021 catch data allocation, instead of InterCatch, the same algoritm was realized in Excel. Excel was used for comparison with InterCatch in 2008-2002, and no differences between InterCatch and Excel allocations were detected.

4.4.2 - Catch-weight-at-age (Table 4.5)

The mean weight-at-age in the catch was obtained as a weighted average of the weight-at-age in the catch from Norway, Russia and Germany.

4.4.3 - Stock-weight-at-age (Table 4.6)

Since 1983 the stock weights-at-age (Table 4.6) are calculated using the average of the weight-at-age estimate from the Joint Barents Sea winter survey and the Russian bottom trawl survey. These averages are assumed to give representative values for the beginning of the year (see stock annex for details). However, the Russian bottom trawl survey has been discontinued and therefor stock weights-at-age were calculated using a correction factor (WKDEM 2020). Since the benchmark in 2006 stock weight at age has been smoothed (ICES 2006, see stock annex for details).

4.4.4 - Maturity-at-age (Table 4.7)

Since the benchmark 2006, smoothed estimates were produced separately for the Russian autumn survey and the Joint winter survey and then combined using arithmetic average. These averages are assumed to give representative values for the beginning of the year. However, the Russian bottom trawl survey has been discontinued and therefore stock weights-at-age were calculated using a correction factor (see WKDEM 2020 and stock annex).

4.4.5 - Natural mortality (Table 4.8)

Natural mortality used in the assessment was 0.2. For ages 3–6 mortality predation by cod is added (see stock annex). For the period from 1984 and onwards actual estimates of predation by cod was used. For the years 1950–1983 the average natural mortality for 1984–2020 was used (age groups 3–6). Estimated mortality from predation by cod in this year’s assessment is based on the ‘final run’ cod assessment. The proportion of F and M before spawning was set to zero.

4.4.6 - Data for tuning (Table 4.9)

The following survey series are included in the data for tuning, the last age for all surveys is the plus group. Data are lacking (no survey) for FLT01 in 2016, and for FLT007 in 2018 (not included due to poor coverage).

Name	Acronym	Place	Season	Age	Year	prior weight
FLT01: Russian bottom trawl	RU-BTr-Q4	Barents Sea	October–December	3–8+	1991–2017	1
FLT02: Joint Barents Sea survey–acoustic	BS-NoRU-Q1(Aco)	Barents Sea	February– March	3–9+	1993–2022	1
FLT04: Joint Barents Sea survey–bottom trawl	BS-NoRu-Q1 (BTr)	Barents Sea	February– March	3–10+	1994–2022	1
FLT007: Joint Russian-Norwegian ecosystem autumn survey in the Barents Sea–bottom trawl	Eco-NoRu-Q3 (Btr)	Barents Sea	August–September	3–9+	2004–2021	1

4.4.7 - Changes in data from last year (Table 4.6–Table 4.7, Table 4.9)

At the benchmark (WKDEM 2020) it was decided that historic values (1950–1993) of stock weight and maturity should not be updated in the following years. Due to the smoothing procedure (see stock annex) the stock weight and maturity at age back to 1994 are updated every year.

Natural mortality includes cod predation for the ages 3–6. The data from 1984 and onwards are updated every year after the update of the cod assessment. The averages used for the historic period (1950–1983) were updated and used in the assessment.

4.5 - Assessment models and settings (Table 4.10)

At the benchmark in 2020 it was decided to continue using the SAM model as the main model.

The SAM configuration was revised during the benchmark in 2020. The main changes to the configuration were to include:

1) age group 3 in the winter survey indices (Fleet 02 and 04),

2) plus group in all survey series (new option in SAM),

3) prediction variance link for the observation variances (new option in SAM, Breivik et al., 2021) 4) correlation structure in observation variance for the surveys (Berg and Nielsen, 2016).

The configuration, settings and tuning of SAM that were decided on during the benchmark (WKDEM 2020) were used in the current assessment. The configuration file is given in Table 4.10 and in the stock annex.

XSA, with revised settings, will be used as additional model for comparison. This year the TISVPA model is also used as an additional model for comparison.

4.6 - Results of the assessment (Table 4.11–Table 4.14 and Figure 4.1–Figure 4.3)

The dominating feature of the assessment is that the stock reached an all-time high level around 2011 due to the strong 2004–2006 year-classes, and since declined (Table 4.11; Figure 4.1)

Fishing mortality has increased since 2013 (Table 4.12), and the estimate of fishing mortality of main ages (4–7) has been above F_MSY = 0.35 since 2018.

The SSB has decreased since the peak in 2013. The estimate for 2022 is 217kt and well above MSY B_trigger = 80 kt (Figure 4.1).

The residuals and retrospective patterns are shown in Figure 4.2 and 4.3.

4.7 - Comparison with last year’s assessment (Figure 4.4)

The text table below compares this year’s estimates with last year’s estimates. Compared to last year the current estimates of the total stock (TSB) in 2021 is 3% higher , whereas the spawning stock (SSB) estimate is almost the same. The Fbar in 2020 is estimated as the same as the Fbar for 2020 estimated last year. Estimates for all ages except ages 7, 8 and 10 were higher or identical to last year’s assessment. Ratios are calculated on original numbers (not rounded as shown in table)

Assessment year, model	F (2020)	Numbers 2021 (ages)											SSB (2021)	TSB (2021)
		3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13+
2021 SAM	0.44	158	265	350	67	22	10	4	4	1	1	2	199	644
2022 SAM	0.44	164	280	364	73	21	9	4	3	2	2	2	199	661
Ratio 2022/2021	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.1	0.9	0.9	1.1	0.8	1.7	1.6	1.2	1.0	1.0

4.8 - Additional assessment methods (Table 4.15, Figure 4.5–Figure 4.6)

4.8.1 - XSA (Figure 4.5)

The Extended Survivors Analysis (XSA) was used to tune the VPA by available index series. As last years, FLR was used for the assessment of haddock (see stock annex), and thus all results concerning XSA are obtained using FLR. The settings used were the same as set in the benchmark in 2015 (WKARCT 2015). At this meeting the comparison confirmed that usage XSA with survivor estimate shrinkage 0.5 gave similar result to the estimates from SAM.

The estimated consumption of NEA haddock by NEA cod is incorporated into the XSA analysis by first constructing a catch number-at-age matrix, adding the numbers of haddock eaten by cod to the catches for the years where such data are available (1984–2021). The summary of XSA stock estimates with shrinkage value 0.5 are presented in Table 4.15. A retrospective estimate for XSA gave same signals as for main model SAM (Figure 4.5).

4.8.2 - TISVPA (Figure 4.5)

The TISVPA (Triple Instantaneous Separable VPA) model (Vasilyev, 2005; 2006) represents fishing mortality coefficients (more precisely – exploitation rates) as a product of three parameters: f(year)*s(age)*g(cohort). The generation‐dependent parameters, which are estimated within the model, are intended to adapt traditional separable representation of fishing mortality to situations when several year classes may have peculiarities in their interaction with fishing fleets caused by different spatial distribution, higher attractiveness of more abundant schools to fishers, or by some other reasons. The TISVPA model was presented at benchmark group for arctic stocks (WKARCT) in 2015 and it was decided to apply to NEA haddock using the same data as SAM except that natural mortality values from cannibalism were taken from the SAM runs. All the input data, including catch-at-age, weight-at-age in stock and in catches, maturity-at-age were the same as used in SAM. Generally, the biomass estimates of this model were higher than SAM estimates, which can be explained by different assumptions about catchability of indices. The retrospective pattern for TISVPA shows the same trends as both the SAM and XSA models (Figure 4.5).

4.8.3 - Model comparisons (Figure 4.6)

Results from SAM, XSA and TISVPA are compared in Figure 4.6. Comparison of results of SAM, TISVPA and XSA with previous year settings shows that the models estimate similar trends. The TSVPA model is more flexible for settings than the others and taking into account a possible decrease in survey data consistency, it was attempted to do tuning of surveys not at abundance but to age proportions because the probable change in effective survey catchability.

4.9 - Predictions, reference points and harvest control rules (Table 4.16–Table 4.21)

4.9.1 - Recruitment (Table 4.16–Table 4.17)

SAM was used to estimate the recruitment at age 3 of the 2019 year-class in 2022. The RCT3 program translation in R was used to estimate the recruiting year classes 2020–2021 in 2023 and 2024 with survey data from the ecosystem survey and winter survey (acoustics and bottom trawl). Input data and results are shown in Tables 4.16 and 4.17, respectively.

The text table below shows the recruitment estimates for the year classes 2004–2021 from assessments and RCT3 forecasts (shaded cells). Overall, there is good agreement with the year-class strength estimates from RCT3 and the assessments (r=0.96), and the estimate the first year the year-class was assessed was on average 84% of the initial RCT3 estimate (year-classes 2005-2019. In the most recent years, it is noticeable that the 2018 year-class was less than 50% of the initial RCT3 estimate.

Year Class	Year of assessment, base model
Year Class	2008 XSA	2009 XSA	2010 XSA	2011 XSA	2012 XSA	2013 XSA	2014 XSA	2015 XSA	2015 SAM	2016 SAM	2017 SAM	2018 SAM	2019 SAM	2020 SAM	2021 SAM	2022 SAM
2004	665	668	610	765	743	725	698	768	687	930	898	869	879	557	543	546
2005	943	975	1029	1193	1301	1317	1303	1415	996	1456	1330	1241	1251	1149	1113	1118
2006	832	1036	811	1057	1187	1264	1267	1366	827	1254	1083	1027	1030	1063	1025	1032
2007	202	208	212	284	330	370	384	411	211	355	307	305	308	249	241	242
2008		149	101	120	151	155	169	178	89	157	107	109	110	122	117	119
2009			303	315	320	345	357	363	230	351	294	291	293	356	340	344
2010				188	146	137	146	150	100	133	105	105	106	124	119	120
2011					483	513	482	398	298	397	340	329	332	425	411	415
2012						124	145	104	78	73	79	70	68	75	72	73
2013							394	290	197	235	184	174	177	219	213	215
2014								279	198	247	189	146	148	202	194	198
2015										422	398	333	336	384	368	370
2016											1067	933	930	875	822	831
2017												577	629	497	442	449
2018													344	294	154	164
2019														39	31	38
2020															95	89
2021																303

4.9.2 - Prediction data (Table 4.18, Figure 4.7)

The input data for the prediction are presented in Table 4.18.

Stock numbers for 2022–2023 at age 3 are taken from RCT3, and abundance-at-ages 3–13+ in 2021 from the SAM assessment. The average fishing pattern observed in 2019–2021 scaled to F in 2021 was used for distribution of fishing mortality-at-age for 2022–2024 (Figure 4.7). The proportion of M and F before spawning was set to 0.

Input data to projection of weight at age in the stock, weight at age in the catch, maturity and mortality followed the stock annex.

4.9.3 - Biomass reference points (Figure 4.1)

Biological and fisheries reference points for NEA haddock were last set following a thorough analysis as part of the WKNEAMP-2 (ICES, 2016) Harvest Control Rule evaluation in 2016. The revised model developed during the 2020 benchmark produced better fits to the data but only a small change in the reconstructed stock (WKDEM 2020). A brief analysis at WKDEM 2020 indicated that the reference points from the current model are very similar to the previously estimated values. Given the more thorough analysis at WKNEAMP-2 (ICES, 2016), this is taken as indicating that there was no evidence to deviate from the reference points set in 2016.

At the last benchmark (WKDEM 2020) it was proposed to keep B_lim = 50 000 t and B_pa = 80 000 t with the rationale that B_lim is equal to B_loss, and B_pa = B_lim*exp (1.645*σ), where σ = 0.3. This gives a 95% probability of maintaining SSB above B_lim taking into account the uncertainty in the assessments and stock dynamics. B_MSY trigger was proposed equal B_pa, B_trigger was then selected as a biomass that is encountered with low probability if F_MSY is implemented, as recommended by WKFRAME2 (ICES CM 2011/ACOM:33). Values of reference points compared with current stock values are reflected in Figure 4.1.

4.9.4 - Fishing mortality reference points (Figure 4.1)

Biological and fisheries reference points for NEA haddock were last set following a thorough analysis as part of the WKNEAMP-2 (ICES, 2016) Harvest Control Rule evaluation in 2016. The revised model developed during the 2020 benchmark produced better fits to the data but only a small change in the reconstructed stock (WKDEM 2020). A brief analysis at WKDEM 2020 indicated that the reference points from the current model are very similar to the previously estimated values. Given the more thorough analysis at WKNEAMP-2 (ICES, 2016), this is taken as indicating that there was no evidence to deviate from the reference points set in 2016.

There is no standard method of estimating F_lim nor F_pa, and ACOM accepted to use geometric mean recruitment (146 million) and B_lim as basis for the F_lim estimate. F_lim is then based on the slope of line from origin at SSB = 0 to the geometric mean recruitment (146 million) and SSB = B_lim. The SPR value of this slope give F_lim value on SPR curve; F_lim = 0.77 (found using Pasoft). Using the same approach as for B_pa; F_pa = F_lim*exp(-1.645*σ) = 0.47.

F_MSY = 0.35 has been estimated by long-term stochastic simulations. Values of reference points compared with current stock values are reflected in Figure 4.1.

The estimates of cod’s consumption of haddock were revised following the cod benchmark in early 2021. At the AFWG 2021 meeting, the haddock F_MSYwas checked with the new updated mortality estimates and found to still be valid and precautionary.

4.9.5 - Harvest control rule

The harvest control rule (HCR) was evaluated by ICES in 2007 (ICES CM 2007/ACFM:16) and found to be in agreement with the precautionary approach. The agreed HCR for haddock with last modifications is as follows (Protocol of the 40^th Session of The Joint Norwegian Russian Fisheries Commission (JNRFC), 14 October 2011):

TAC for the next year will be set at level corresponding to F_MSY.
The TAC should not be changed by more than +/- 25% compared with the previous year TAC.
If the spawning stock falls below B_pa, the procedure for establishing TAC should be based on a fishing mortality that is linearly reduced from F_MSY at B_pa to F = 0 at SSB equal to zero. At SSB-levels below B_pa in any of the operational years (current year and a year ahead) there should be no limitations on the year-to-year variations in TAC.

As mentioned above F_lim and F_pawere revised in 2011. The new values of F_lim = 0.77 and F_pa = 0.47 are higher than the previous values (0.49 and 0.35, respectively). In the 2012 meeting of the JNRFC the proposals of ICES were accepted, and the current HCR management is based on F_MSY instead of F_pa. This corresponds to the goal of the management strategy for this stock and should provide maximum sustainable yield.

In 2014, JNRFC decided that from 2015 onwards, Norway and Russia can transfer to next year or borrow from last year maximum 10% of the country’s quota. At its 45^th session in October 2015, the Joint Norwegian-Russian Fisheries Commission (JNRFC) decided that a number of alternative harvest control rules (HCRs) for Northeast Arctic haddock should be evaluated by ICES. This was done by WKNEAMP (ICES 2015b/ACOM:60, ICES C. M. 2016/ACOM:47). Six HCRs for NEA haddock including the existing one were tested. At its 46^th session in October 2016, the JNRFC decided not to change the HCR.

4.9.6 - Prediction results and catch options for 2021 (Table 4.19–Table 4.21)

The projection shows a slight increase in SSB from 216 kt in 2022 to 232 kt in 2023 (Table 4.19). TAC constraint F is used for 2022. The TAC for 2023 is established using the current one-year HCR, in accordance to the management plan. F_MSY = 0.35 would give a quota for 2023 of 170 kt, this is a 5% decrease from the TAC and advice for 2022.

Catch options for 2023 are shown in the text table below (weights in tonnes).

Basis	Total catch (2023)	F ages 4−7 (2023)	SSB (2024)	% SSB change *	% TAC change **	% Advice change ***
Advice basis
Management plan	170 067	0	205 549	-11	-5	-5
Other scenarios
MSY approach: F_MSY	170 067	0.35	205 549	-11	-5	-5
F = 0	0	0.00	321 974	39	-100	-100
F = F2022	151 269	0.30	218 188	-6	-15	-15
F_pa	213 495	0.47	176 638	-24	20	20
F_lim	298 284	0.77	121 687	-48	67	67

* SSB 2024 relative to SSB 2023.

** Catch in 2023 relative to TAC in 2022 (178532 t)

*** Catch value for 2023 relative to advice value for 2022 (178532 t)

Detailed information about expected catches by following HCR in 2023 and 2024 is given in Table 4.20. The forecast covers all catches. It is then implied that all types of catches are to be counted against this TAC.

4.9.7 - Comments to the assessment and predictions (Figure 4.2–Figure 4.4)

Haddock was benchmarked in 2020 (WKDEM 2020). The motivation for the benchmark was the poor retrospective (text table below). The retrospective biases were greatly improved after the benchmark. The retrospective biases from this year’s assessment for SSB, TSB and F were reduced compared to AFWG 2021.

Retrospective bias (Mohn’s Rho), 5-year peel	R	SSB	F	TSB
AFWG 2018	−3%	24%	−7%	14%
AFWG 2019	−5%	18%	−7%	7%
WKDEM 2020	−2%	3%	−3%	1%
AFWG 2020	−4%	−3%	0%	−5%
AFWG 2021	1%	6%	−7%	3%
AFWG 2022	-2%	5%	-6%	1%

A jitter analysis performed to verify that the SAM model is not sensitive to starting values ,, revealed no problems (see Breivik et al 2021 for details on jitter analysis). The one step ahead residuals showed no clear pattern (Figure 4.2). The retrospective The retrospective biases for F, SSB, RSB and R (absolute values) are <7% (Figure 4.3). Overall, adding a year of data confirmed the trend from last year’s assessment. To conclude, no obvious problems with the 2022 assessment were detected.

According to this year’s assessment, the 2016 year-class is the sixth strongest year class in the time-series back to 1950. The 2017 year-class is close to average, whereas the 2018 year-class is weak, and the 2019 year-class is the weakest since the 1987 year-class. The 2020 year-class is predicted to be well below average, whereas the 2021 year-class is predicted to be above average.

The strong 2016 year-class is now dominating the spawning stock and catches (48% of the catches in biomass in 2021) and will continue to do so for the coming years. The stock is declining and expected to continue to decline in the next years, since the incoming year-classes are weak.

Fbar(4-7) has been above Fmsy from 2018 and onwards, meaning that the quotas for 2018-2021 have been set too high. The assessments from 2017 to 2019 on which the TAC advice for 2018-2020 were based, had large positive retrospective biases for TSB and SSB (see text table above), implying that the stock sizes were overestimated. The retrospective bias was reduced after the revision at the 2020 benchmark (WKDEM 2020).

Only 88% of 2021 TAC was taken. One possible reason is that the advice and quota was set too high, due to lower catch weights of ages 3-7 compared to the forecast, e.g. the catch weight at age 5 (2016 year-class) was 16% lower than predicted by AFWG in 2020. The 2016 year-class accounted for more than half of the individuals caught in 2021 ( 54%) and thus the weight of this year-class in the catches had the greatest impact on the yield. As a result, a given catch in tons required more individuals had to be caught, and hence a higher effort from the fishing fleet. The discrepancy between forecast and catch statistics can be explained by a larger proportion of the catches being taken in ICES Area I in 2021 compared to earlier years (Table 4.2). This eastern area is colder compared to the western Barents Sea and here size at age tends to be smaller.

As most of the 2016 year-class will be spawning in 2022 and 2023, moving into warmer waters in western Barents Sea, we expect the fishing fleet to follow, and that the catch weight at age in the forecast and in the catch statistics will be more similar in the coming years.

4.10 - References

ICES 2020. Report of the Arctic Fisheries Working Group (AFWG). ICES Scientific Reports. 2:52. 577 pp.

Berg CW and NielsenA. 2016. Accounting for correlated observations in an age-based state-space stock assessment model. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 73: 1788–1797.

Breivik ON, Nielsen A and CW Berg (2021). Prediction–variance relation in a state-space fish stock assessment model. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 78, 3650–3657

Fall et al 2022. Fish investigations in the Barents Sea winter 2021. IMR-PINRO Joint Report Series 1 2022, 100 pp.

ICES 2006a. ICES Workshop on Biological Reference Points for North East Arctic Haddock (WKHAD). Svanhovd, Norway, 6-10 March 2006. ICES C.M. 2006/ACFM:19, 102 pp.

ICES 2006b. Report of the Arctic Fisheries Working Group, 19-28 April. 2006. ICES C.M. 2006/ACFM:25, 594 pp.

ICES 2011. Report of the Benchmark Workshop on Roundfish and Pelagic Stocks, Lisbon 24-31 January 2011. ICES C.M. 2011/ACOM:38, 418 pp.

ICES 2015a. Report of the first Workshop on Management Plan Evaluation on Northeast Arctic cod and haddock and Barents Sea capelin ( WKNEAMP-1) , , . ICES CM 2015/ACOM:60, 27 pp.

ICES. 2015b. Report of the Benchmark Workshop on Arctic Stocks (WKARCT), 26-30 January 2015, ICES Headquarters, Denmark. ICES CM 2015\ACOM:31. 126 pp.

ICES 2016. Report of the second Workshop on Management Plan Evaluation on Northeast Arctic cod and haddock and Barents Sea capelin (WKNEAMP-2) , 25-28 January 2016, Kirkenes, Norway. ICES CM 2016/ACOM:47, 76 pp.

Prozorkevich D and Gjøsæter H 2014. WD_02 cod BESS_assessment. AFWG 2014.

Vasilyev D. 2005 Key aspects of robust fish stock assessment. M: VNIRO Publishing, 2005. 105 p.

Vasilyev D. 2006. Change in catchability caused by year class peculiarities: how stockassessment based on separable cohort models is able to take it into account? (Some illustrations for triple‐separable case of the ISVPA model ‐ TISVPA). ICES CM 2006/O:18. 35 pp

WKDEM 2020. Benchmark Workshop for Demersal Species (WKDEM). ICES Scientific Reports. 2:31. 136 pp. http://doi.org/10.17895/ices.pub.5548

Table 4.1. Northeast Arctic haddock. Total nominal catch (t) by fishing areas.
Year	Subarea 1	Division 2.a	Division 2.b	un-reported²⁾	Total³⁾	Norw. stat.areas 06 and 07⁴⁾
1960	125026	27781	1844	-	154651	6000
1961	165156	25641	2427	-	193224	4000
1962	160561	25125	1723	-	187409	3000
1963	124332	20956	936	-	146224	4000
1964	79262	18784	1112	-	99158	6000
1965	98921	18719	943	-	118583	6000
1966	125009	35143	1626	-	161778	5000
1967	107996	27962	440	-	136398	3000
1968	140970	40031	725	-	181726	3000
1969	89948	40306	566	-	130820	2000
1970	60631	27120	507	-	88258	-
1971	56989	21453	463	-	78905	-
1972	221880	42111	2162	-	266153	-
1973	285644	23506	13077	-	322227	-
1974	159051	47037	15069	-	221157	10000
1975	121692	44337	9729	-	175758	6000
1976	94054	37562	5648	-	137264	2000
1977	72159	28452	9547	-	110158	2000
1978	63965	30478	979	-	95422	2000
1979	63841	39167	615	-	103623	6000
1980	54205	33616	68	-	87889	5098
1981	36834	39864	455	-	77153	4767
1982	17948	29005	2	-	46955	3335
1983	5837	16859	1904	-	24600	3112
1984	2934	16683	1328	-	20945	3803
1985	27982	14340	2730	-	45052	3583
1986	61729	29771	9063	-	100563	4021
1987	97091	41084	16741	-	154916	3194
1988	45060	49564	631	-	95255	3756
1989	29723	28478	317	-	58518	4701
1990	13306	13275	601	-	27182	2912
1991	17985	17801	430	-	36216	3045
1992	30884	28064	974	-	59922	5634
1993	46918	32433	3028	-	82379	5559
1994	76748	50388	8050	-	135186	6311
1995	75860	53460	13128	-	142448	5444
1996	112749	61722	3657	-	178128	5126
1997	78128	73475	2756	-	154359	5987
1998	45640	53936	1054	-	100630	6338
1999	38291	40819	4085	-	83195	5743
2000	25931	39169	3844	-	68944	4536
2001	35072	47245	7323	-	89640	4542
2002	40721	42774	12567	18736/5310	114798/101372	6898
2003	53653	43564	8483	33226/9417	138926/115117	4279
2004	64873	47483	12146	33777/8661	158279/133163	3743
2005	53518	48081	16416	40283/9949	158298/127964	5538
2006	51124	47291	33291	21451/8949	153157/140655	5410
2007	62904	58141	25927	14553/3102	161525/150074	7110
2008	58379	60178	31219	5828/-	155604/149776	6629
2009	57723	66045	76293	0	200061	4498
2010	62604	86279	100318	0	249200	3661
2011	86931	99307	123546	0	309785	4169
2012	90141	96807	128679	0	315627	3869
2013	68416	64810	60520	0	193744	4000
2014	61537	58320	57665	0	177522	3433
2015	75195	61567	57993	0	194756	3902
2016	78714	95140	59561	0	233416	3233
2017	94772	75455	57362	0	227589	2987
2018	80902	58522	51853	0	191276	4437
2019	87446	50967	36989	0	175402	2812
2020¹⁾	98341	57397	26730	0	182468	3196
2021¹⁾	109914	5800 6	36823	0	204743	2363

1) Provisional figures

2) Figures based on Norwegian/Russian IUU estimates. From 2009, IUU estimates are made by a Joint Russian-Norwegian analysis group under the Russian-Norwegian Fisheries Commission.

3) In 2002–2008, the Norwegian IUU estimates were used in final assessment.

4) Included in total landings and in landings in region 2.a.

Table 4.2. Northeast Arctic haddock. Total nominal catch (‘000 t) by trawl and other gear for each area.
	Subarea 1		Division 2.a		Division 2.b		Unreported²
Year	Trawl	Others	Trawl	Others	Trawl	Others
1967	73.7	34.3	20.5	7.5	0.4	-	-
1968	98.1	42.9	31.4	8.6	0.7	-	-
1969	41.4	47.8	33.2	7.1	1.3	-	-
1970	37.4	23.2	20.6	6.5	0.5	-	-
1971	27.5	29.2	15.1	6.7	0.4	-	-
1972	193.9	27.9	34.5	7.6	2.2	-	-
1973	242.9	42.8	14	9.5	13.1	-	-
1974	133.1	25.9	39.9	7.1	15.1	-	-
1975	103.5	18.2	34.6	9.7	9.7	-	-
1976	77.7	16.4	28.1	9.5	5.6	-	-
1977	57.6	14.6	19.9	8.6	9.5	-	-
1978	53.9	10.1	15.7	14.8	1	-	-
1979	47.8	16	20.3	18.9	0.6	-	-
1980	30.5	23.7	14.8	18.9	0.1	-	-
1981	18.8	17.7	21.6	18.5	0.5	-	-
1982	11.6	11.5	23.9	13.5	-	-	-
1983	3.6	2.2	8.7	8.2	0.2	1.7	-
1984	1.6	1.3	7.6	9.1	0.1	1.2	-
1985	24.4	3.5	6.2	8.1	0.1	2.6	-
1986	51.7	10.1	14	15.8	0.8	8.3	-
1987	79	18.1	23	18.1	3	13.8	-
1988	28.7	16.4	34.3	15.3	0.6	0	-
1989	20	9.7	13.5	15	0.3	0	-
1990	4.4	8.9	5.1	8.2	0.6	0	-
1991	9	8.9	8.9	8.9	0.2	0.2	-
1992	21.3	9.6	11.9	16.1	1	0	-
1993	35.3	11.6	14.5	17.9	3	0	-
1994	58.6	18.2	26.1	24.3	7.9	0.2	-
1995	63.9	12	29.6	23.8	12.1	1	-
1996	98.3	14.4	36.5	25.2	3.4	0.3	-
1997	57.4	20.7	44.9	28.6	2.5	0.3	-
1998	26	19.6	27.1	26.9	0.7	0.3	-
1999	29.4	8.9	19.1	21.8	4	0.1	-
2000	20.1	5.9	18.8	20.4	3.7	0.1	-
2001	28.4	6.7	23.4	23.8	7	0.3	-
2002	30.5	10.2	19.5	23.3	12.5	0.1	18.7/5.3
2003	42.7	10.9	21.9	21.7	8.1	0.4	33.2/9.4
2004	52.4	12.5	27	20.5	11.5	0.6	33.8/8.7
2005	38.5	15	24.9	20.9	13	1.6	40.3/9.9
2006	40.1	11	22	25.3	30.1	3.2	21.5/8.9
2007	51.8	11.1	30.5	27.7	20.4	5.5	14.6/3.1
2008	46.8	11.6	30.9	29.3	24.9	6.3	5.8/-
2009	49	8.8	40.1	25.3	67.1	7.8	0
2010	43.6	19	50	35.7	87	10.4	0
2011	55.8	31.1	61.1	38.9	107.7	14.3	0
2012	58.8	31.3	57.5	39.2	103.2	24.8	0
2013	40.1	28.3	37.7	26.9	52.1	8.1	0
2014	35.2	26.3	32.5	25.8	49	8.6	0
2015	49.1	26.1	34.6	27	48.5	9.4	0
2016	56.4	22.3	62.5	32.5	45.4	14.1	0
2017	65	29.8	50.7	24.7	47.1	10.3	0
2018	51.7	29.2	36.9	21.6	43.2	8.6	0
2019	53.9	33.5	30.4	20.4	31.0	5.9	0
2020	66.7	31.6	35.1	22.3	23.2	3.5	0
2021¹⁾	81.4	28.5	41.0	17.0	31.0	5.8	0

1) Provisional

2) Figures based on Norwegian/Russian IUU estimates.

Year	Faroe Islands	France	GDR (–1990) & Greenland (1992–)	Germany	Norway⁴	Poland	UK	Russia²	Others	Total³
1960	172	-	-	5597	46263	-	45469	57025	125	154651
1961	285	220	-	6304	60862	-	39650	85345	558	193224
1962	83	409	-	2895	54567	-	37486	91910	58	187408
1963	17	363	-	2554	59955	-	19809	63526	-	146224
1964	-	208	-	1482	38695	-	14653	43870	250	99158
1965	-	226	-	1568	60447	-	14345	41750	242	118578
1966	-	1072	11	2098	82090	-	27723	48710	74	161778
1967	-	1208	3	1705	51954	-	24158	57346