Report series:
IMR-PINRO 2022-6Published: 06.09.2022Updated: 17.10.2022 Approved by:
Research Director(s):
Geir Huse
Program leader(s):
Maria Fossheim
External:
Oleg Bulatov (VNIRO)
1 - Executive Summary
On 30 th March 2022 all Russian participation in ICES was temporally suspended. Although the announcement of the suspension stressed the role of ICES as a “multilateral science organization”, this suspension applied not only to research activities, but also to the ICES work providing fisheries advice for the sustainable management of fish stocks and ecosystems. As a result of the suspension, the ICES AFWG provided advice only for saithe, coastal cod north, coastal cod south, and golden redfish ( Sebastes norvegicus ). Northeast Arctic (NEA) cod, haddock and beaked redfish ( Sebastes mentella ) assessments have been conducted outside of ICES in a newly constituted Joint Russian-Norwegian Working Group on Arctic Fisheries (JRN-AFWG). Although this work has been conducted independently of ICES, the methodologies agreed at ICES benchmarks and agreed HCRs (Harvest Control Rules) have been followed in providing this advice.
Advice on fishing opportunities for NEA cod
The NEA cod stock is continuing to decline following a period of moderate recruitment. Following the agreed HCR, the advice is constrained by the interannual stability constraint criteria of 20% annual change in quota. Advice is that catches in 2023 should not exceed 566 784 tonnes. A further decline of catches from 2023 to 2024 and then a stabilization of stock and catch levels is projected.
Advice on fishing opportunities for NEA haddock
Advice is that catches in 2023 should not exceed 170 067 tonnes, down 5% from the advice for 2022. The haddock total stock biomass is declining as the relatively large 2016 yearclass is caught. Model estimates suggest a run of average to very weak yearclasses since 2016, and the stock is therefore expected to decline over the medium term.
Advice on fishing opportunities for beaked redfish (Sebastes mentella)
Several issues were identified in providing the advice on beaked redfish. First, insufficient age reading in the catches was impacting on the quality of the assessment. This was addressed by using the length data converted with a time-averaged age-length conversion. Secondly, the fishing selectivity has changed significantly since the reference points were last estimated, with the F 19+ (the F bar used in reporting and management) representing an increasing fraction of the catch. As a result, it was not possible to directly apply the previous target F 19+ . Instead, a status quo F approach was applied, in order to keep the overall fishing pressure roughly constant. Following this approach, catches in 2023 should be no more than 66 779 tonnes, and no more than 70 164 tonnes in 2024. The overall stock is in a healthy state, with biomasses continuing to rise.
2 - Introduction
This report presents the details of the stock assessments conducted for Northeast Arctic cod, haddock and beaked redfish ( Sebastes mentella ) in ICES subareas 1 and 2. Due to the temporary suspension of Russian scientists from ICES, this is a joint Russian-Norwegian advice and explicitly not an ICES advice. However, the assessment methodology has followed the standard ICES procedure, using the models approved at ICES benchmarks and the Harvest Control Rules which have been evaluated as precautionary by ICES.
The work presented here would typically form a part of the ICES Arctic Fisheries Working Group (AFWG). In order to keep continuity with previous reports, and to minimize the chances of errors arising from renumbering given the tight deadline to prepare this report, the chapter numbers for each stock chapter are maintained from the last AFWG report (ICES 2021). This also allows for anyone with previous AFWG experience to locate information rapidly and easily. As a result, this report contains Chapter 1 (executive summary), Chapter 2 (this introduction), Chapter 3 (Northeast Arctic cod), Chapter 4 (Northeast Arctic haddock), and Chapter 6 (beaked redfish, S. mentella ).
The meeting was chaired by Daniel Howell, from IMR Norway, and was attended by Anatoly Chetyrkin, Anatoly Filin, Yuri Kovalev, Alexey Russkikh, Natalia Yaragina, and Dmitri Vasilyev from VNIRO, Russia, and Bjarte Bogstad, Johanna Fall, Jane Godiksen, Hannes Höffle, and Edda Johannesen from IMR, Norway. The meeting was conducted on-line in two sessions: 16 th – 20th June 2022 and 25 th -30 th August 2022.
3 - Northeast Arctic Cod (Subareas 1 and 2)
3.1 - Status of the fisheries
3.1.1 - Historical development of the fisheries (Table 3.1)
From a level of about 900 000 t in the mid-1970s, total catch declined steadily to around 300 000 t in 1983—1985 (Table 3.1). Catches increased to above 500 000 t in 1987 before dropping to 212 000 t in 1990, the lowest level recorded in the post-war period. The catches increased rapidly from 1991 onwards, stabilized around 750 000 t in 1994—1997 but decreased to about 414 000 t in 2000. From 2000—2009, the reported catches were between 400 000 and 520 000 t, in addition there were unreported catches (see below). Catches have been above the long-term average since 2011 and have decreased from a peak of 986 449 tonnes in 2014 to 693 000 tonnes in 2019-2020 before increasing to 767 000 tonnes in 2022. The fishery is conducted both with an international trawler fleet and with coastal vessels using traditional fishing gears. Quotas were introduced in 1978 for the trawler fleets and in 1989 for the coastal fleets. In addition to quotas, the fishery is regulated by a minimum catch size, a minimum mesh size in trawls and Danish seines, a maximum bycatch of undersized fish, closure of areas having high densities of juveniles and by seasonal and area restrictions.
The provisional catch of cod in Subarea 1 and divisions 2.a and 2.b for 2021 reported to the working group is 810 755 t (including both NEA cod and NCC catches).
Reported catch figures used for the assessment of Northeast Arctic cod:
The historical practice (considering catches between 62°N and 67°N for the whole year and catches between 67°N and 69°N for the second half of the year to be Norwegian coastal cod) has been used for estimating the Norwegian landings of Northeast Arctic cod up to and including 2011 (Table 3.2). The catches of coastal cod subtracted from total cod catches in Subarea 1 and divisions 2.a and 2.b for the period 1960—2021 are given in Table 3.2. For 2012–2021 the Norwegian catches have been analysed by an ECA-version designed for simultaneously providing estimates of catch numbers-at-age for each of the two stocks.
Coastal cod catches in 2021 for the southern and northern area combined were 42 044 tonnes using the current conversion factors between round and gutted weight, and this amount was as in previous years subtracted from the total cod catch north of 62° N to get the figure for NEA cod used in that assessment (Table 3.1 and 3.2). The figure for total coastal cod catch in 2021 using the revised conversion factors, as decided at WKBarFar 2021 and used in the coastal cod assessment was 42 044 tonnes (ICES AFWG 2022 Table 2.1a), which is 3.3 % below the value of 43 471 tonnes using the current conversion factors.
These values for coastal cod are now inconsistent with the coastal cod catches presented in ICES AFWG 2022 Chapter 2, as the coastal cod catch time series were revised at WKBarFar, but not the NEA cod time series. At WKBarFar, the proposal for revision of NEA cod catch data series was rejected, as Norwegian data for many years and age groups (especially ages 12+ in years prior to 2013) were changed considerably and the reason for this was not sufficiently explained. WKBarFar recommended that when the revision of the historical Norwegian catch data is ready it should be submitted to ICES for review, ideally by a review attached to the AFWG.
The catch by area is shown in Table 3.1, and further split into trawl and other gears in Table 3.3. The distribution of catches by areas and gears in 2021 was similar to 2020. The nominal landings by country are given in Table 3.4.
There is information on cod discards (see ICES AFWG 2021 section 0.4) but it was not included in the assessment because these data are fragmented and different estimates are in contradiction with each other. Moreover the level of discards is relatively small in the recent period and inclusion of these estimates in the assessment should not change our perception on NEA cod stock size.
In summer/autumn 2018, a Norwegian vessel caught 441 t of cod in the Jan Mayen EEZ, which is a part of ICES area 2a, mostly by long-line. Cod is known to occasionally occur in this area, but rarely in densities which are suitable for commercial fisheries. The cod caught in this area in 2018 was large (65-110 cm), and otolith readings and genetics both showed this cod to be a mix of Northeast Arctic and Icelandic cod. Norway did in 2019-2020 carry out an experimental long-line fishery during four different periods in each year in order to investigate further the occurrence of cod in this area in space and time as well as stock identity. The size distribution and genetic composition of the cod caught in this area in 2019-2021 was similar to that in 2018, although there was somewhat more smaller cod (< 65 cm) in 2020-2021 than in 2019. Most of the cod caught in April-May 2019 was spawning or spent, while most cod caught in March 2020 had not started spawning. Cod spawning in this area has not been observed prior to 2019. Total catches in 2019 amounted to 628 t, in 2020 to 522 t and in 2021 to 146 t. The 2018 catches in this area were partly counted against the Norwegian TAC for cod north of 62° N , while the 2019 and 2020 TAC for this area comes in addition to the Norwegian TAC for cod as agreed by JNRFC. There has been varying practice considering including those catches in the assessment, they were included in 2020 but the plan is to exclude them for all years in future assessments. Regulations for the fishery in this area for 2022 have not yet been decided upon.
3.1.3 - Unreported catches of Northeast Arctic cod (Table 3.1)
In the years 2002—2008 certain quantities of unreported catches (IUU catches) have been added to the reported landings. More details on this issue are given in the Working group reports for that period.
There are no reliable data on level of IUU catches outside the periods 1990—1994 and 2002—2008, but it is believed that their level was not substantial enough to influence on historical stock assessment.
According to reports from the Norwegian-Russian analysis group on estimation of total catches the total catches of cod since 2009 were very close to officially reported landings.
3.1.4 - TACs and advised catches for 2021 and 2022
The Joint Norwegian-Russian Fisheries Commission (JNRFC) agreed on a cod TAC of 885 600 t for 202 1 , and in addition 21 000 t Norwegian coastal cod. The total reported catch of 800 427 t in 2021 was 106 173 t below the agreed TAC. Since 2015 JNRFC has decided that Norway and Russia can transfer to next year or borrow from last year 10% of the cod country’s quota. That may lead to some deviation between agreed TAC and reported catch. As an extraordinary measure due to expected underfishing of the TAC in 2021, JNRFC decided that it should be possible to transfer 15% of the TAC between 2021 and 2022.
The advice for 2022 given by ACOM in 2021 was 708 480 t based on the agreed harvest control rule. The quota established by JNRFC for 2022 was set equal to the advice. In addition, the TAC for Norwegian Coastal Cod was set to the same value for 2022 as for 2021: 21 000 t.
3.2 - Status of research
3.2.1 - Fishing effort and CPUE (Table A1, Figure 3.4-3.5)
CPUE series of the Norwegian and Russian trawl fisheries are given in Table A1. The data reflect the total trawl effort (Figure 3.4), both for Norway and Russia. The Norwegian series is given as a total for all areas. Norwegian data for 2011–2021 are not necessarily compatible with data for 2007 and previous years. Norwegian CPUE declined from 2020 to 2021 and reached the lowest level in the 2011-2021 time series (Figure 3.5).
3.2.2 - Survey results - abundance and size at age (Tables 3.5, A2-A14)
Some survey results for 2021 were revised since AFWG 2021, for a summary of this, see section 3.2.3.
Joint Barents Sea winter survey (bottom trawl and acoustics) Acronyms: BS-NoRu-Q1 (BTr) and BS-NoRu-Q1 (Aco)
The survey was carried out as planned with good spatial coverage.
Before 2000 this survey was made without participation from Russian vessels, while in 2001—2005, 2008—2016 and 2018-2022 Russian vessels have covered important parts of the Russian zone. In 2006—2007 the survey was carried out only by Norwegian vessels. In 2007, 2016, 2021 and 2022 the Norwegian vessels were not allowed to cover the Russian EEZ. The method for adjustment for incomplete area coverage in 2007 is described in the 2007 report. The same method was used to adjust the 1997-1998 survey indices in the 2016 revision (Mehl et al. 2016). Table 3.5 shows areas covered in the time-series and the additional areas implied in the method used to adjust for missing coverage in the Russian Economic Zone. In 5 of the 8 adjusted years (including 2021) the adjustments were not based on area ratios, but the “index ratio by age” was used. This means that the index by age for the covered area was scaled by the observed ratio between total index and the index for the same area observed in the years prior to the survey. The adjustments for 2017 were based on average index rations by age for 2014–2016. Adjustments were also made in 2020-2021 using the average index ratios by age for 2018-2019 and 2019-2020, respectively.
Regarding the older part of this time-series it should be noted that the survey prior to 1993 covered a smaller area (Jakobsen et al. 1997), and the number of young cod (particularly 1- and 2-year old fish) was probably underestimated. Other changes in the survey methodology through time are described by Jakobsen et al. (1997), while the surveys for the years 2007—2012 and 2013—2018 are reported in Mehl et al. (2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017a). Note that the change from 35 to 22 mm mesh size in the codend in 1994 is not corrected for in the time-series. This mainly affects the age 1 indices.
With the recent expansion of the cod distribution it is likely that in recent years the coverage in the February survey (BS-NoRu-Q1 (BTr) and BS-NoRu-Q1 (Aco)) has been incomplete, in particular for the younger ages. This could cause a bias in the assessment, but the magnitude is unknown. The 2014–2022 surveys covered considerably larger areas than earlier winter surveys, and showed that most age groups of cod (particularly ages 1 and 2) were distributed far outside the standard survey area. The bottom trawl survey estimates including the extended area for 2014-2022 were used in the tuning data separately from the same index before 2014, as decided at WkBarFar 2021.
Lofoten acoustic survey on spawners Acronym: Lof-Aco-Q1
The estimated abundance indices from the Norwegian acoustic survey off Lofoten and Vesterålen (the main spawning area for this stock) in March/April are given in Table A4. A description of the survey, sampling effort and details of the estimation procedure can be found in Korsbrekke (1997). The 2022 survey results in biomass terms was 182 thousand tonnes, this is 21 % below the 2021 level and the lowest since 2006.
Russian autumn survey Acronym: RU-BTr-Q4
Abundance estimates from the Russian autumn survey (November-December) are given in Table A9 (acoustic estimates) and Table A10 (bottom trawl estimates). The entire bottom trawl time-series was in 2007 revised backwards to 1982 (Golovanov et al., 2007, WD3), using the same method as in the revision presented in 2006, which went back to 1994. The new swept area indices reflect Northeast Arctic cod stock dynamics more precisely compared to the previous one - catch per hour trawling. The Russian autumn survey in 2006 was carried out with reduced area coverage. Divisions 2a and 2b were adequately investigated in the survey in contrast to Subarea 1, where the survey covered approximately 40% of the long-term average area coverage. The Subarea 1 survey indices were calculated based on actual covered area (40 541 sq. miles). The 2007 AFWG decided to use the “final" year class indices without any correction because of satisfactory internal correspondence between year class abundances at age 2—9 years according to the 2006 survey and ones due to the previous surveys.
This survey was not conducted in 2016 , but was carried out in 2017, when 79% of the standard survey area was covered (Sokolov et al 2018, WD 11). The index shows a reliable internal consistence and it was decided to use it in the assessment. This survey was not carried out in 2018-2021 and will likely be discontinued.
Joint Ecosystem survey Acronym: Eco-NoRu-Q3 (Btr)
Swept area bottom trawl estimates from the joint Norwegian-Russian ecosystem survey in August-September for the period 2004–2021 are given in Table A14. This survey normally covers the entire distribution area of cod at that time of the year.
In 2014 this survey had an essential problem with area coverage in the north-west region because of difficult ice conditions. In the area covered by ice in 2014 a substantial part of population was distributed during 2013 survey. So, based on those observations AFWG decided in 2015 to exclude 2014 year from that tuning series in current assessment. In 2016 there was incomplete coverage in the international waters and close to the Murman coast. An adjustment for this incomplete coverage was made based on interpolation from adjacent areas (Kovalev et al 2017, WD 12). At this time of the year, usually a relatively small part of the cod stock is found in the area which was not covered in 2016. In 2017 and 2019 the coverage was close to complete, although the far northeastern part of the survey area (west of the north island of Novaya Zemlya) was not covered due to military restrictions. In 2018, a large area in the eastern part of the Barents Sea was not covered Thus it was decided not to include 2018 data from this survey in the assessment.
The coverage in 2020 was less synoptic than usual, as explained in Section 0.6. As the survey indices from the BESS 2020 showed an unexplainable large decline compared to the 2019 indices, it was considered to exclude 2020 indices from this survey, but it was decided to keep them in and re-evaluate next year whether they should still be included in the assessment. The 2021 coverage was good, although as in several previous years, most of the international waters in the Barents Sea was not covered. The mentioned re-evaluation has not been carried out.
The survey indices are calculated both the BioFox and StoX calculation methods, and as in earlier years, the Biofox series was used in the tuning. A research recommendation from WkBarFar was to unify these two methods for estimating indices from ecosystem survey. However, the benchmark decided to use weight at age from the StoX in calculations of weight at age used in the assessment.
Survey results - length and weight-at-age (Tables A5-A8, A11-A12, A15)
Length-at-age is shown in Table A5 for the Norwegian survey in the Barents Sea in winter, in Table A7 for the Lofoten survey and in Table A11 for the Russian survey in October-December. Weight-at-age is shown in Table A6 for the Norwegian survey in the Barents Sea in winter, in Table A8 for the Lofoten survey, Table A12 for the Russian survey in October-December and Table A15 for the BESS survey (calculated using StoX).
Length and weight at age in the Lofoten survey increased from 2021 to 2022 for age groups 5-6 and 8-11. The size at age in the BESS survey was about the same in 2021 as in 2020.
3.2.3 - Revision of 2021 survey results
Some errors in StoX software were found in summer 2021, affecting the 2021 winter survey results (bottom trawl and acoustic) for cod and haddock and thus a revised assessment was carried out in September 2021 for both stocks (as described in the AFWG 2021 report executive summary). Also an error in calculating the 12+ group for the bottom trawl survey for use in the tuning was corrected. After that some additional errors in StoX software have been found and corrected, final estimates for 2021 are in the survey report which is now published (Fall et al. 2022). In addition, the 2020 ecosystem survey indices and weight at age as well as the 2021 Lofoten survey indices and weight at age have been revised.
3.2.4 - Age reading
The joint Norwegian-Russian work on cod otolith reading has continued, with regular exchanges of otoliths and age readers (see ICES AFWG 2021 chapter 0.7). The results of fifteen years of annual comparative age readings are described in Yaragina et al. (2009). Zuykova et al. (2009) re-read old otoliths and found no significant difference in contemporary and historical age determination and subsequent length at age. However, age at first maturation in the historical material as determined by contemporary readers is younger than that determined by historical readers. Taking this difference into account would thus have effect on the spawning stock-recruitment relationship and thus on the biological reference points. The overall percentage agreement for the 2017–2018 exchange was 87.7% (WD 8, ICES 2020). The main reason for cod ageing discrepancies between Russian and Norwegian specialists remains the same, representing the latest summer growth zone, and different interpretations of the false zones. The general trend is that the Russian readers assign slightly lower ages than the Norwegian readers compared to the modal age for all age groups. This is opposite of what we have seen in previous readings, where the Russian readers has tended to be slightly overestimating the age compared to the Norwegian readers.
The trend with bias in NEA cod age determination registered for some years of the period 1992–2018 between experts of both countries is a solid argument to continue comparative cod age reading between PINRO and IMR to monitor the situation. The German participant has expressed an intention to join the age reading cooperation in future.
3.3 - Data available for use in assessment
Data for the period 1946–1983 are taken from the AFWG 2001 report (ICES CM 2001/ACFM:19) and were not revised at the WKBarFar benchmark in 2021.
3.3.1 - Catch-at-age (Table 3.6)
For 2021, age compositions from all areas were available from Norway, Russia, Spain and Germany.
There is still a concern about the biological sampling from parts of the Norwegian fishery that may be too low. Also the split between NEA cod and coastal cod may be affected by the sampling coverage.
3.3.2 - Survey indexes available for use in assessment (Table 3.13, A13)
The following survey data series were available:
Fleetcode
Name
Place
Season
Age
Years
Fleet 15*
Joint bottom trawl survey
Barents Sea
Feb-Mar
3–12+
1981–2013, 2014-2022
Fleet 16
Joint acoustic survey
Barents Sea+Lofoten
Feb-Mar
3–12+
1985–2022
Fleet 18
Russian bottom trawl surv.
Total area
Oct-Dec
3–12+
1982–2017
Fleet 007
Ecosystem surv.
Total area
Aug-Sep
3–12+
2004–2021
*Survey indices for Fleet 15 were divided by two series (before and after 2014) in model tuning as decided at WKBarFar 2021.
The tuning fleet file is shown in Table 3.13. Note that the joint acoustic survey (sum of Barents Sea and Lofoten acoustic survey indices) is given in Table A13.
Survey indices for Fleet 15 have been multiplied by a factor 100, while survey indices for Fleets 007, 16 and 18 have been multiplied by a factor 10. This is done to keep the dynamics of the surveys even for very low indices, because some models (e.g. XSA) adds 1.0 to the indices before the logarithm is taken.
For 2021, weight-at-age in the catch for areas 1, 2a and 2b was provided by Norway, Russia, Spain and Germany (Table 3.7). For ages up to and including 11, observations are used. Following the WKBarFar 2021 decision, weight at age in catch for the years 1983-present for ages 12-15+ are calculated by a cohort-based von Bertalanffy approach used to replace previous fixed values.
Stock weights
For ages 1—11 stock weights-at-age at the start of year y (Wa,y) for 1983—2022 are calculated combining, when available, weight at age from the Winter, Lofoten, Russian autumn and ecosystem surveys. The details are given in the Stock Annex. For ages 12-15+ a similar approach as for weight at age in the catch was used.
3.3.4 - Natural mortality including cannibalism (Table 3.12, Table 3.17)
A natural mortality (M) of 0.2 + cannibalism was used. Cannibalism is assumed to only affect natural mortality of ages 3-6.
2021 data are available and 2020 data have been updated.
The method used for calculation of the prey consumption by cod described by Bogstad and Mehl (1997) is used to calculate the consumption of cod by cod for use in cod stock assessment. The consumption is calculated based on cod stomach content data taken from the joint PINRO-IMR stomach content database (methods described in Mehl and Yaragina 1992). On average about 9000 cod stomachs from the Barents Sea have been analysed annually in the period 1984—2021.
These data are used to calculate the per capita consumption of cod by cod for each half-year (by prey age groups 0—6 and predator age groups 1–11+). It was assumed that the mature part of the cod stock is found outside the Barents Sea for three months during the first half of the year. Thus, consumption by cod in the spawning period was omitted from the calculations.
An iterative procedure was applied to include the per capita consumption data in the SAM run. It is described in detail in Stock Annex.
For the cod assessment data from annual sampling of cod stomachs has been used for estimating cannibalism, since the 1995 assessment. The argument has been raised that the uncertainty in such calculations are so large that they introduce too much noise in the assessment. A rather comprehensive analysis of the usefulness of this was presented in Appendix 1 in the 2004 AFWG report. The conclusion was that it improves the assessment.
The data on cod cannibalism for the historical period (1946—1983) was included in assessment during the benchmark to make the time-series consistent (ICES 2015a, WKARCT 2015). These estimates were based on hindcasted values of NEA cod natural mortality at ages 3—5 using PINRO data base on food composition from cod stomach for the historical period (Yaragina et al. 2018).
3.3.5 - Maturity-at-age (Tables 3.10-3.11)
Historical (pre–1982) Norwegian and Russian time-series on maturity ogives were reconstructed by the 2001 AFWG meeting (ICES CM 2001/ACFM:19). The Norwegian maturity ogives were constructed using the Gulland method for individual cohorts, based on information on age at first spawning from otoliths. For the time period 1946—1958 only the Norwegian data were available. The Russian proportions mature-at-age, based on visual examinations of gonads, were available from 1959.
Since 1982 Russian and Norwegian survey data have been used (Table 3.10). For the years 1985—2022, Norwegian maturity-at-age ogives have been obtained by combining the Barents Sea winter survey and the Lofoten survey. Russian maturity ogives from the autumn survey as well as from commercial fishery for November-February are available from 1984 until present. The Norwegian maturity ogives tend to give a higher percent mature-at-age compared to the Russian ogives, which is consistent with the generally higher growth rates observed in cod sampled by the Norwegian surveys. The percent mature-at-age for the Russian and Norwegian surveys have been arithmetically averaged for all years, except 1982—1983 when only Norwegian observations were used and 1984 when only Russian observations were used.
Russian data for the autumn survey for 2018 and later years were not available as the survey was not conducted. In WD1 5 , 2019, updated correction factors to allow for this when calculating the combined maturity-at-age in 2019 were calculated, based on historical differences between Norwegian and Russian data. These correction factors were then applied to the Norwegian data for 2020-2022.
The approach used for calculating maturity at age is the same as previously used and consistent with the approach used to estimate the weight-at-age in the stock, except that no data from the BESS survey are used. However, since survey data, both abundance indices and proportion mature, have been revised, the entire time series of ogives back to 1994 was revised at the benchmark. The proportions of mature cod for age 13–15 are set to 1 for the period 1984–present.
Maturity-at-age for cod has been variable the last five years, particularly for ages 6–9. According to the combined data, maturity at age decreased in 2015–2016, then increased, but decreased again from 2019 to 2022 for most age groups (Table 3.11).
3.4 - Assessment using SAM
3.4.1 - SAM settings (Table 3.14)
The SAM model settings optimised by WKBarFar are shown in Table 3.14.
3.4.2 - SAM diagnostics (Figure 3.1 and 3.2 a-c)
Residuals for the SAM run are shown in Figure 3.2a, while retrospective plots of F, SSB and recruitment are shown in Figure 3.2b. Figure 3.2c shows the catchability by survey and age group and Figure 3.2d compares observed and modelled catches in tonnes.
The retrospective pattern is generally very good (Figure 3.2b), with values of Mohn’s rho of 0-2% both for SSB, R and F.
The observed catch in tonnes in 2021 is higher than modelled, and just inside the confidence interval.
Summaries of landings, fishing mortality, stock biomass, spawning stock biomass and recruitment since 1946 are given in Table 3.18 and Figure 3.1.
The fishing mortalities and population numbers are given in Tables 3.15 and 3.16.
The estimated F5-10 in 2021 is 0.48, which is above Fpa (Table 3.18). Fishing mortality has been increasing slowly in recent years. The spawning stock biomass in 2022 is estimated to be 833 kt (Table 3.20), which is high but much lower than the peak in 2013 (2,271 kt). One should bear in mind that in the early part of the time-series (before the 1980s) the fraction at age of mature fish was considerably lower.
Total stock biomass in 2022 is estimated to 1,98 5 kt, which is close to the long-term mean and well below the highest level observed after 1955 (3,766 kt in 2013).
It is noted that the exploitation pattern is still dome-shaped with a marked decrease in selectivity above age 12, although the dome-shape is not as strong than in assessments made before the 2021 benchmark.
M values (M = 0.2+cannibalism mortality) are given in Table 3.17. For ages 3—5 the M matrix in 1946—1983 also includes M2 since the benchmark meeting in 2015 (WKARCT 2015).
3.5 - Reference points and harvest control rules
The current reference points for Northeast Arctic cod were estimated by SGBRP (ICES CM 2003/ACFM:11) and adopted by ACFM at the May 2003 meeting.
At the 46th session of JRNFC a new version of the management rule was adopted (see section 3.7.3). The TAC advice for 2022 is based on the agreed harvest control rule.
3.5.1 - Biomass reference points
The values adopted by ACFM in 2003 are Blim = 220 000 t, Bpa = 460 000 t. (ICES CM 2003/ACFM:11).
3.5.2 - Fishing mortality reference points
The values adopted by ACFM in 2003 are Flim = 0.74 and Fpa = 0.40. (ICES CM 2003/ACFM:11). The Fmsy for NEA cod was estimated by WKBaRFar 2021 to be in the range 0.40 - 0.60.
3.5.3 - Harvest control rule
The history of how the harvest control rule has developed is given in the 2017 AFWG report. JNRFC in 2015 asked ICES to explore the consequences of 10 different harvest control rules. This was done by WKNEAMP (ICES 2015b, 2016). JNRFC in 2016 adopted one of the rules explored by WKNEAMP (Rule 6 in that report).
The current rule reads as follows:
The TAC is calculated as the average catch predicted for the coming 3 years using the target level of exploitation (Ftr).
The target level of exploitation is calculated according to the spawning stock biomass (SSB) in the first year of the forecast as follows:
If the spawning stock biomass in the present year, the previous year and each of the three years of prediction is above Bpa, the TAC should not be changed by more than +/- 20% compared with the previous year’s TAC. In this case, Ftr should however not be below 0.30.
The input data to the short-term prediction with management option table (2022—2025) are given in Table 3.19a. For 2022 stock weights and maturity were calculated from surveys as described in Sections 3.3.2 and 3.3.4.
Catch weights in 2022 onwards and stock weights in 2023 and onwards for age 3–11 are predicted by the method described by Brander (2002), where the latest observation of weights by cohort are used together with average annual increments to predict the weight of the cohort the following year. The method is given by the equation
W(a+1,y+1)=W(a,y) + Incr(a), where Incr(a) is a “medium term” average of Incr(a,y)= W(a+1,y+1)-W(a,y)
This method was introduced in the cod prediction in the 2003 working group. Since 2005 working group an average of the 3 most recent values of annual increments have been used for predicting stock weights. For catch weights the last 5-year period for averaging the increments is used (changed from 10-year period at the benchmark).
The maturity ogive for the years 2023—2025 was predicted by using the 2020-2022 average. The exploitation pattern in 2022 and later years was set equal to the previous 5 years according to the benchmark decision and as described at Stock Annex.
The stock number-at-age in 2022 was taken from the final SAM run (Table 3.16) for ages 4 and older. The recruitment at age 3 in the years 2022—2025 was estimated as described in section 3.7.2. Figure 3. 3 shows the development in natural mortality due to cannibalism for cod (prey) age groups 1-3 together with the abundance of capelin in the period 1984—2021. There was no clear trend in natural mortality, and the average M values for the last 3 years are used to predict natural mortality of age groups 3—6 for years 2022—2025 (based on benchmark decision, WKARCT 2015 and unchanged at WKBaRFar 2021).
The assessment shows a slightly increasing F from 2015 to 2021. In accordance with the benchmark decision (WKARCT 2015, not reviewed at WKBarFar 2021) and with support from AFWG-2019 WD 11 (Kovalev and Chetyrkin, 2019), the last year’s assessment F in terminal year 2021 (status quo) is used for F in the intermediate year (2022). Table 3.19 shows input data to the predictions. The results of prediction show that the catch in 2022 predicted using Fsq is about 68 kt less than the agreed TAC. As the coastal cod catch in recent years has been about 20 kt higher than the TAC of 21 kt, this means that if the total TAC for Northeast arctic cod and Coastal cod will be taken, the predicted catch using Fsq will be about 48 kt below the TAC. Reported catches so far in 2022 indicate that the catches will be somewhat above the TAC of 708 480 tonnes, as the TAC in 2021 was underfished and a considerable amount (105 584 tonnes) was transferred to 2022.
3.6.2 - Recruitment prediction (Table 3.19b-d )
At the 2008 AFWG meeting it was decided to use a hybrid model, which is a weighted arithmetic mean of different recruitment models. It was agreed to use the same approach this year. The input data for those models are the following time-series; ice coverage, intensity of interaction between the arctic and boreal oceanic systems on the shelf of the Barents Sea, temperature and oxygen saturation at the Kola section. Input data to he prediction are presented in Tables 3.19b-c and prognosis from all the models, including the hybrid is presented in Table 3.19d. Since 2014 the hybrid model is based on objective weighting of different sub-models and includes the RCT3 model (see AFWG report 2021 section 1.4 for details). The numbers-at-age 3 calculated by the hybrid method were: 476 million for the 2019 year class, 566 million for the 2020 year class, 383 million for the 2021 year class and 315 million for the 2022 year class (Table 3.19d).
Although age 3 indices from the winter bottom trawl and acoustic surveys are now also included in the SAM tuning, it was decided at the benchmark to continue using in the predictions recruitment estimates at age 3 in the assessment year ( intermediate year in prediction) from the hybrid model. The difference between the SAM estimate and the hybrid model estimate of age 3 in 2022 was large (189 vs. 476 million individuals).
The values used for the 2019 and 2020 year classes in the prediction are higher than the very low survey indices for those year classes at age 1 and 2 indicate.
3.6.3 - Prediction results (Tables 3.20-3.21)
The catch corresponding to Fsq in 2022 is 641 kt (Table 3.20). The resulting SSB in 2023 is 751 kt, which is 10 % lower than the SSB in 2022. Table 3.20 shows the short-term consequences over a range of F-values in 2023. The detailed outputs corresponding to Fsq in 2022 and the F corresponding to the HCR and Fpa in 2023 is given in Table 3.21. Summarised results are shown in the text table below.
Since SSB in 2022 is between Bpa =460 000 t and 2 × Bpa = 920 000 t, F = 0.40 is used in the 3-year prediction, giving catches of 487 049, 476 906 and 468 560 tonnes in 2023, 2024 and 2025, respectively. The average of this is 477 505 tonnes. According to the HCR the maximum year-to-year decrease in TAC is limited by 20 % which corresponds to a TAC of 566 784 tonnes for 2023. The resulted TAC for 2023 in accordance with the management plan is shown in the table below.
Cod in subareas 1 and 2. Annual catch options. All weights are in tonnes.
Basis
Total catch (2023)
Ftotal (2023)
SSB(2024)
% SSB change *
% TAC change **
% Advice change ***
ICES advice basis
Management plan^
566 784
0.48
668 851
-11
-20
-20
Other options
MSY approach: FMSY
487 049
0.40
731 342
-3
-31
-31
F = 0
0
0
1 134 101
51
-100
-100
F = F2021
564 475
0.4810
670 645
-11
-20
-20
Fpa
487 049
0.40
731 342
-3
-31
-31
Flim
775 883
0.74
510 976
-32
10
10
Weights in tonnes.
^ 20 % decrease from TAC 2022
* SSB 2024 relative to SSB 2023.
** Catch 2023 relative to TAC 2022
*** Advice for 2023 relative to advice for 2022
This catch forecast covers all catches. It is then implied that all types of catches are to be counted against this TAC. It also means that if any overfishing is expected to take place, the above calculated TAC should be reduced by the expected amount of overfishing.
3.6.4 - Medium-term predictions
The medium-term prediction indicates that if the HCR is followed, the stock size should stop declining and stabilize from 2024 onwards, around the following values: total stock 1.7 million tonnes and SSB 700 000 tonnes, with corresponding catch levels around 450 000 tonnes.
3.7 - Comparison with last year’s assessment and prediction
3.7.1 - Comparison to 2021 assessment (Figure 3.7)
The text tables below compare this year’s estimates with the final 2021 AFWG estimates for numbers at age (millions), total biomass, spawning biomass (thousand tonnes) in 2021, as well as reference F for the year 2020.
In the current assessment, the number at ages 10-14 was adjusted upwards slightly compared to the 2021 AFWG assessment. For younger ages, the changes went in both directions, but mostly there was a decrease from 2021 assessment, with ages 6 and 7 being the main exception. On the other hand, the plus group in 2021 was adjusted downwards. TSB, SSB and F were very close to the previous assessment.
3.7.2 - Comparison to prediction
The change in the advice is large compared to last year. The advice for 2023 is 566 784 tonnes, while the advice for 2022 given by ICES was 708 480 tonnes.
The assessed stock in 2022 in comparison with the assessment in 2021 was very similar. The main tendency for stock decrease in coming years was similar. The average catch predicted for the coming 3 years, using the mentioned target level of exploitation (Ftr) in the HCR resulted in TAC advice equal to 566 784 t. This value corresponds to the - 20 % limit on year-to-year TAC change stated in the HCR, and is higher than the value without applying such a constraint (477 505 t).
3.8 - Concerns with the assessment
The WG realizes that imprecise input data, in particular the catch-at-age matrix, and discontinuation of some surveys as well as incomplete spatial coverage and reduced synopticity in surveys could be a main obstacle to producing precise stock assessments, regardless of which model is used.
3.9 - Additional assessment methods
All models use the same tuning data.
3.9.1 - TISVPA (Tables 3.22-3.24, Figure 3.6a-c )
This year the TISVPA model was applied to NEA cod with the same settings as last year and using the same data as SAM except that natural mortality values from cannibalism were taken from the SAM runs. During WG the results of exploratory runs using the TISVPA model were discussed. The residuals of the model approximation of catch-at-age and “fleets” data are presented in Figure 3.6a. Likelihood profiles for different data source are presented in Figure 3.6b. Retrospective run results are shown in Figure 3.6c. The results (Tables 3.22-3.24) generally support the results of the SAM model, with a similar SSB estimate but a lower TSB estimate in 2022 as well as a higher F estimate in 2021.
3.9.2 - Model comparisons ( Figures 3.2a, 3.6a, 3.7)
Figure 3.7 compares the results of SAM and TISVPA, showing F, SSB, TSB and recruitment. F in 2021 and SSB in 2022 is very similar for all models, while TSB and recruitment in recent years is lower in TISVPA than in SAM. Both models demonstrates a stable retrospective pattern (F igures 3.2a, 3.6c).
3.10 - New and revised data sources
This section describes some data sources, which could be revised or included in the assessment in the future.
3.10.1 - Consistency between NEA cod and coastal cod catch data (Table 3.2)
Consistency between the catch data used for NEA cod and coastal cod should be ensured. The revised catch figures used in the coastal cod assessment do not correspond to the difference between the total cod catch and the catch used in the NEA cod assessment (Table 3.2). These discrepancies will be adjusted when the NEA cod catch series are revised (section 3.2.2).
3.10.2 - Discard and bycatch data
Work on updating discard and bycatch data series is ongoing. Revised bycatch estimates in numbers for the period 2005-2020 are described in AFWG-2021 Section 0.6. At WKARCT in 2015 it was, however, decided not to include those data in the catch-at-age matrix.
The bycatch mainly consists of age 1 and 2 fish, but the bycatch is generally small compared to other reported sources of mortality: catches, discards and the number of cod eaten by cod. From 1992 onwards, bycatches of age 3 and older fish are negligible, because use of sorting grids was made mandatory. However, in 1985, bycatches of age 5 and 6 cod were about one third of the reported catches for those age groups. The year class for which the bycatches were highest, was the 1983 year class (total bycatch of age 2 and older fish of about 60 million, compared to a stock estimate of about 1300 million at age 3.
3.11 - References
Brander, K. 2002. Predicting weight at age. Internal ICES note to assessment working groups. 2003. Software implementation of process models. Working Document No. 2 to the Arctic Fisheries Working Group, San Sebastian, Spain, 23 April- 2 May 2003.
Fall, J., Wenneck, T. de Lange, Bogstad, B., Fuglebakk, E., Godiksen, J., Korsbrekke, K., Seim, S. E., Skage, M. L., Staby, A., Tranang, C. Aa., Windsland, K., Russkikh, A. A., and Kharlin, S. 2022. Fish investigations in the Barents Sea winter 2021. IMR-PINRO Joint Report Series 1-2022, 100 pp.
Golovanov S.E., Sokolov A.M., and Yaragina, N.A. 2007. Revised indices of the Northeast Arctic cod abundance according to the 1982-2006 data from Russian trawl-acoustic survey (TAS). Working Document #3 for AFWG 2007.
ICES 2001. Report of the Arctic Fisheries Working Group. Bergen, Norway, 24 April – 3 May 2001. ICES CM 2001/ACFM:19. 380 pp.
ICES 2003. Study Group on Biological Reference Points for Northeast Arctic Cod. Svanhovd, Norway 13-17 January 2003. ICES CM 2003/ACFM:11.
ICES 2015a. Report of the first Workshop on Management Plan Evaluation on Northeast Arctic cod and haddock and Barents Sea capelin ( WKNEAMP-1) , , . ICES CM 2015/ACOM:60, 27 pp.
ICES. 2015b. Report of the Benchmark Workshop on Arctic Stocks (WKARCT), 26-30 January 2015, ICES Headquarters, Denmark. ICES CM 2015\ACOM:31. 126 pp.
ICES 2016. Report of the second Workshop on Management Plan Evaluation on Northeast Arctic cod and haddock and Barents Sea capelin (WKNEAMP-2) , 25-28 January 2016, Kirkenes, Norway. ICES CM 2016/ACOM:47, 76 pp.
ICES. 2021. Benchmark Workshop for Barents Sea and Faroese Stocks (WKBARFAR 2021).
Jakobsen, T., Korsbrekke, K., Mehl, S., and Nakken, O. 1997. Norwegian combined acoustic and bottom trawl surveys for demersal fish in the Barents Sea during winter. ICES CM 1997/Y:17.
Korsbrekke, K. 1997. Norwegian acoustic survey of Northeast Arctic cod on the spawning grounds off Lofoten. ICES C.M 1997/Y:18.
Kovalev, Y., and Chetyrkin, A. 2019. What does NEA cod want for prediction - Fsq or TAC constrain? Working Document No. 11 to the Arctic Fisheries Working Group. ICES. 2019. Arctic Fisheries Working Group (AFWG). ICES Scientific Reports. 1:30. 934 pp.
Mehl, S., Aglen, A., Alexandrov, D.I., Bogstad, B., Dingsør, G.E., Gjøsæter, H., Johannesen, E., Korsbrekke, K., Murashko, P.A., Prozorkevich, D.V., Smirnov, O., Staby, A., and Wenneck, T. de Lange, 2013. Fish investigations in the Barents Sea winter 2007-2012. IMR-Pinro Joint Report Series 1-2013, 97 pp.
Mehl, S., Aglen, A., Bogstad, B., Dingsør, G.E., Gjøsæter, H., Godiksen, J., Johannesen, E., Korsbrekke, K., Staby, A., Wenneck, T. de Lange, Wienerroither, R., Murashko, P. A., and Russkikh, A. 2014. Fish investigations in the Barents Sea winter 2013-2014. IMR-PINRO Joint Report Series 2-2014, 73 pp.
Mehl, S. Aglen, A., Amelkin, A., Dingsør, G.E., Gjøsæter, H., Godiksen, Staby, A., Wenneck, T. de Lange, and Wienerroither, R. 2015. Fish investigations in the Barents Sea, winter 2015. IMR-PINRO report series 2-2015. 61 pp.
Mehl, S., Aglen, A., Bogstad, B., Dingsør, G.E., Korsbrekke, K., Olsen, E., Staby, A., Wenneck, T. de Lange, Wienerroither, R., Amelkin, A. V., and Russkikh, A. A. 2016. Fish investigations in the Barents Sea winter 2016. IMR-PINRO Joint Report Series 4-2016, 78 pp.
Mehl, S., Aglen, A., Bogstad, B., Staby, A., Wenneck, T. de Lange, and Wienerroither, R., 2017. Fish investigations in the Barents Sea winter 2017. IMR-PINRO Joint Report Series 2-2017, 87 pp.
Sokolov A., Russkikh A., Kharlin S., Kovalev Yu. A., and Yaragina N.A. 2018. Results of the Russian trawl-acoustic survey on cod and haddock in the Barents Sea and adjacent waters in October-December 2017. Working Document no. 11. ICES Arctic Fisheries Working Group, ICES CM 2018/ACOM:06.
Thygesen, U. H., Albertsen, C. M., Berg, C. W., Kristensen, K., and Nielsen, A. 2017. Validation of ecological state space models using the Laplace approximation Environmental and Ecological Statistics 24 (2): 317-339.
WD 15. 2019. Updated mean ratios between the combined and Norwegian data on weight at age and maturity at age in Northeast Arctic cod. Working document no 15, AFWG 2019.
Yaragina N.A. Nedreaas K.H., Koloskova V., Mjanger H., Senneset H., Zuykova N. and Ǻgotnes P. 2009. Fifteen years of annual Norwegian-Russian cod comparative age readings. Marine Biology Research 5(1): 54-65.
Zuykova N.V., Koloskova V.P., Mjanger H., Nedreaas K.H., Senneset H., Yaragina N.A., Ågotnes P. and Aanes S. 2009. Age determination of Northeast Arctic cod otoliths through 50 years of history. Marine Biology Research 5(1): 66-74.
Zuykova N.V., Mjanger H. et al. 2020. Report on the meeting between Norwegian and Russian age reading specialists at Polar Branch of FSBSI “VNIRO” Murmansk, 20-24 May 2019. Working document no 8 in: Report of the Arctic Fisheries Working Group (AFWG), 15-22 April 2020. ICES CM 2015/ACOM:05. 639 pp.
3.12 - Tables and figures
Year
Subarea 1
Division 2.a
Division 2.b
Unreported catches
Total catch
1961
409 694
153 019
220 508
783 221
1962
548 621
139 848
220 797
909 266
1963
547 469
117 100
111 768
776 337
1964
206 883
104 698
126 114
437 695
1965
241 489
100 011
103 430
444 983
1966
292 253
134 805
56 653
483 711
1967
322 798
128 747
121 060
572 605
1968
642 452
162 472
269 254
1 074 084
1969
679 373
255 599
262 254
1 197 226
1970
603 855
243 835
85 556
933 246
1971
312 505
319 623
56 920
689 048
1972
197 015
335 257
32 982
565 254
1973
492 716
211 762
88 207
792 685
1974
723 489
124 214
254 730
1 102 433
1975
561 701
120 276
147 400
829 377
1976
526 685
237 245
103 533
867 463
1977
538 231
257 073
109 997
905 301
1978
418 265
263 157
17 293
698 715
1979
195 166
235 449
9 923
440 538
1980
168 671
199 313
12 450
380 434
1981
137 033
245 167
16 837
399 037
1982
96 576
236 125
31 029
363 730
1983
64 803
200 279
24 910
289 992
1984
54 317
197 573
25 761
277 651
1985
112 605
173 559
21 756
307 920
1986
157 631
202 688
69 794
430 113
1987
146 106
245 387
131 578
523 071
1988
166 649
209 930
58 360
434 939
1989
164 512
149 360
18 609
332 481
1990
62 272
99 465
25 263
25 000
212 000
1991
70 970
156 966
41 222
50 000
319 158
1992
124 219
172 532
86 483
130 000
513 234
1993
195 771
269 383
66 457
50 000
581 611
1994
353 425
306 417
86 244
25 000
771 086
1995
251 448
317 585
170 966
739 999
1996
278 364
297 237
156 627
732 228
1997
273 376
326 689
162 338
762 403
1998
250 815
257 398
84 411
592 624
1999
159 021
216 898
108 991
484 910
2000
137 197
204 167
73 506
414 870
2001
142 628
185 890
97 953
426 471
2002
184 789
189 013
71 242
90 000
535 045
2003
163 109
222 052
51 829
115 000
551 990
2004
177 888
219 261
92 296
117 000
606 445
2005
159 573
194 644
121 059
166 000
641 276
2006
159 851
204 603
104 743
67 100
537 642
2007
152 522
195 383
97 891
41 087
486 883
2008
144 905
203 244
101 022
15 000
464 171
2009
161 602
207 205
154 623
523 431
2010
183 988
271 337
154 657
609 983
2011
198 333
328 598
192 898
719 829
2012
247 938
331087
148 638
727 663
2013
360 673
421678
183 858
966 209
2014
320 347
468 934
197 168
986 449
2015
272405
375328
216651
864384
2016
321347
351468
176607
849422
2017
309902
360477
197898
868276
201 8
249397
321548
207681
778627
201 9
234985
318539
139084
692609
2020
234029
298707
160166
692903
20211
281198
268942
217144
767284
Data provided by Working Group members
1 Provisional figure
Table 3.1. Northeast Arctic COD. Total catch (t) by fishing areas and unreported catch.
Year
Norwegian catches of cod removed from the NEACcod-assessment
v1960–70
38.6
1971–79
no data
1980
40
1981
49
1982
42
1983
38
1984
33
1985
28
1986
26
1987
31
1988
22
1989
17
1990
24
1991
25
1992
35
1993
44
1994
48
1995
39
1996
32
1997
36
1998
29
1999
23
2000
19
2001
14
2002
20
2003
19
2004
14
2005
13
2006
15
2007
13
2008
13
2009
15
2010
13.5
2011
18.8
2012
35.5
2013
30.1
2014
33.6
2015
35.8
2016
54.9
2017
51.0
2018
36.3
2019
40.1
2020
45.3
2021
42.0
Table 3.2. Catches of Norwegian Coastal Cod in subareas 1 and 2, 10 3 tonnes, which are removed from the NEA cod assessment.
Year
Subarea 1
Division 2.a
Division 2.b
Trawl
Others
Trawl
Others
Trawl
Others
1967
238
84.8
38.7
90
121.1
-
1968
588.1
54.4
44.2
118.3
269.2
-
1969
633.5
45.9
119.7
135.9
262.3
-
1970
524.5
79.4
90.5
153.3
85.6
-
1971
253.1
59.4
74.5
245.1
56.9
-
1972
158.1
38.9
49.9
285.4
33
-
1973
459
33.7
39.4
172.4
88.2
-
1974
677
46.5
41
83.2
254.7
-
1975
526.3
35.4
33.7
86.6
147.4
-
1976
466.5
60.2
112.3
124.9
103.5
-
1977
471.5
66.7
100.9
156.2
110
-
1978
360.4
57.9
117
146.2
17.3
-
1979
161.5
33.7
114.9
120.5
8.1
-
1980
133.3
35.4
83.7
115.6
12.5
-
1981
91.5
45.1
77.2
167.9
17.2
-
1982
44.8
51.8
65.1
171
21
-
1983
36.6
28.2
56.6
143.7
24.9
-
1984
24.5
29.8
46.9
150.7
25.6
-
1985
72.4
40.2
60.7
112.8
21.5
-
1986
109.5
48.1
116.3
86.4
69.8
-
1987
126.3
19.8
167.9
77.5
129.9
1.7
1988
149.1
17.6
122
88
58.2
0.2
1989
144.4
19.5
68.9
81.2
19.1
0.1
1990
51.4
10.9
47.4
52.1
24.5
0.8
1991
58.9
12.1
73
84
40
1.2
1992
103.7
20.5
79.7
92.8
85.6
0.9
1993
165.1
30.7
155.5
113.9
66.3
0.2
1994
312.1
41.3
165.8
140.6
84.3
1.9
1995
218.1
33.3
174.3
143.3
160.3
10.7
1996
248.9
32.7
137.1
159
147.7
6.8
1997
235.6
37.7
150.5
176.2
154.7
7.6
1998
219.8
31
127
130.4
82.7
1.7
1999
133.3
25.7
101.9
115
107.2
1.8
2000
111.7
25.5
105.4
98.8
72.2
1.3
2001
119.1
23.5
83.1
102.8
95.4
2.5
2002
147.4
37.4
83.4
105.6
69.9
1.3
2003
146
17.1
107.8
114.2
50.1
1.8
2004
154.4
23.5
100.3
118.9
88.8
3.5
2005
132.4
27.2
87
107.7
115.4
5.6
2006
141.8
18.1
91.2
113.4
100.1
4.6
2007
129.6
22.9
84.8
110.6
91.6
6.3
2008
123.8
21.1
94.8
108.4
95.3
5.7
2009
130.1
31.5
102
105.2
142.1
11.4
2010
151.1
32.9
130
141.4
149.2
5.4
2011
158.1
38.4
163.5
167
181
11.9
2012
212.1
35.9
172.7
158.4
133.8
14.9
2013
308.5
52.2
216.9
204.7
159.7
24.1
2014
268.8
51.5
246.8
222.1
177.9
19.3
2015
224.3
48.1
192.2
183.2
197.7
19.0
2016
285.5
35.8
181.7
169.8
156.3
20.3
2017
265.4
44.5
189.5
171.0
180.0
17.9
201 8
204.7
44.7
156.7
164.9
192.0
15.6
201 9
199.4
35.6
177.8
140.7
128.9
10.1
2020
199.4
34.6
157.2
141.5
153.5
6.7
2021 1
220.8
60.4
120.2
148.7
202.1
15.1
Data provided by Working Group members
1 Provisional figures
Table 3.3. Northeast Arctic COD. Total nominal catch ('000 t) by trawl and other gear for each
Table 3.4. Northeast Arctic COD. Nominal catch(t) by countries. (Subarea 1 and divisions 2a and 2b combined, data provided by Working group members
Year
Faroe Islands
France
German Dem. Rep.
Fed. Rep. Germany
Norway
Poland
United Kingdom
Russia 2
Others
Total all countries
1961
3 934
13 755
3 921
8 129
268 377
-
158 113
325 780
1 212
783 221
1962
3 109
20 482
1 532
6 503
225 615
-
175 020
476 760
245
909 266
1963
-
18 318
129
4 223
205 056
108
129 779
417 964
-
775 577
1964
-
8 634
297
3 202
149 878
-
94 549
180 550
585
437 695
1965
-
526
91
3 670
197 085
-
89 962
152 780
816
444 930
1966
-
2 967
228
4 284
203 792
-
103 012
169 300
121
483 704
1967
-
664
45
3 632
218 910
-
87 008
262 340
6
572 605
1968
-
-
225
1 073
255 611
-
140 387
676 758
-
1 074 084
1969
29 374
-
5 907
5 543
305 241
7 856
231 066
612 215
133
1 197 226
1970
26 265
44 245
12 413
9 451
377 606
5 153
181481
276 632
-
933 246
1971
5 877
34 772
4 998
9 726
407 044
1 512
80 102
144 802
215
689 048
1972
1 393
8 915
1 300
3405
394 181
892
58 382
96 653
166
565 287
1973
1 916
17 028
4 684
16 751
285 184
843
78 808
387 196
276
792 686
1974
5 717
46 028
4 860
78 507
287 276
9 898
90 894
540 801
38 453
1 102 434
1975
11 309
28 734
9 981
30 037
277 099
7435
101 843
343 580
19 368
829 377
1976
11 511
20 941
8 946
24 369
344 502
6 986
89 061
343 057
18 090
867 463
1977
9 167
15 414
3 463
12 763
388 982
1 084
86 781
369 876
17 771
905 301
1978
9 092
9 394
3 029
5 434
363 088
566
35 449
267 138
5 525
698 715
1979
6 320
3 046
547
2 513
294 821
15
17 991
105 846
9 439
440 538
1980
9 981
1 705
233
1 921
232 242
3
10 366
115 194
8 789
380 434
Spain
1981
12 825
3 106
298
2 228
277 818
14 500
5 262
83 000
-
399 037
1982
11 998
761
302
1 717
287 525
14 515
6 601
40 311
-
363 730
1983
11 106
126
473
1 243
234 000
14 229
5 840
22 975
-
289 992
1984
10 674
11
686
1 010
230 743
8 608
3 663
22 256
-
277 651
1985
13 418
23
1 019
4 395
211 065
7 846
3 335
62 489
4 330
307 920
1986
18 667
591
1 543
10 092
232 096
5 497
7 581
150 541
3 505
430 113
1987
15 036
1
986
7 035
268 004
16 223
10 957
202 314
2 515
523 071
1988
15 329
2 551
605
2 803
223 412
10 905
8 107
169 365
1 862
434 939
1989
15 625
3 231
326
3 291
158 684
7 802
7 056
134 593
1 273
332 481
1990
9 584
592
169
1437
88 737
7 950
3 412
74 609
510
187 000
1991
8 981
975
Greenland
2 613
126 226
3 677
3 981
119 427 3
3 278
269 158
1992
11 663
2
3 337
3 911
168 460
6 217
6 120
182 315
Iceland
1 209
383 234
1993
17435
3 572
5 389
5 887
221 051
8 800
11 336
244 860
9 374
3 907
531 611
1994
22 826
1 962
6 882
8 283
318 395
14 929
15 579
291 925
36 737
28 568
746 086
1995
22 262
4 912
7462
7428
319 987
15 505
16 329
296 158
34 214
15 742
739 999
1996
17 758
5 352
6 529
8 326
319 158
15 871
16 061
305 317
23 005
14 851
732 228
1997
20 076
5 353
6426
6 680
357 825
17 130
18 066
313 344
4 200
13 303
762 403
1998
14 290
1 197
6 388
3 841
284 647
14 212
14 294
244 115
1423
8 217
592 624
1999
13 700
2 137
4 093
3 019
223 390
8 994
11 315
210 379
1 985
5 898
484 910
2000
13 350
2 621
5 787
3 513
192 860
8 695
9 165
166 202
7 562
5 115
4 14 870
2001
12 500
2 681
5 727
4 524
188 431
9 196
8 698
183 572
5 917
5 225
426 471
2002
15 693
2 934
6419
4 517
202 559
8 414
8 977
184 072
5 975
5 484
445 045
2003
19 427
2 921
7 026
4 732
191 977
7 924
8 711
182 160
5 963
6 149
436 990
2004
19 226
3 621
8 196
6 187
212 117
11 285
14 004
201 525
7 201
6 082
489 445
2005
16 273
3 491
8 135
5 848
207 825
9 349
10 744
200 077
5 874
7 660
475 276
2006
16 327
4 376
8 164
3 837
201 987
9 219
10 594
203 782
5 972
6 271
470 527
2007
14 788
3 190
5951
4619
199 809
9 496
9298
186 229
7316
5 101
445 796
2008
15 812
3 149
5 617
4 955
196 598
9 658
8 287
190 225
7 535
7 336
449 171
2009
16 905
3 908
4 977
8 585
224 298
12 013
8 632
229 291
7 380
7442
523 431
2010
15 977
4 499
6 584
8 442
264 701
12 657
9 091
267 547
11 299
9 185
609 983
2011
13 429
1 173
7 155
4 621
331 535
13 291
8 210
310 326
12 734
17 354 4
719 829
2012 5
17523
2841
8520
8 500
315 739
12814
11166
329 943
9536
11 081
727 663
2013
13833
7858
7885
8 010
438 734
15042
12536
432 314
14734
15 263
966 209
2014
33298
8149
10864
6 225
431 846
16378
14762
433 479
18205
13 243
986 449
2015
26568
7480
7055
6427
377 983
19905
11778
381 188
16120
9 880
864 384
2016
24084
7946
8607
6 336
348 949
14640
13583
394 107
16031
15 139
849 422
2017
28637
9554
13638
5 977
357419
144 14
16731
396 180
11925
13 802
868 276
2018
26152
6605
12743
9 768
333 539
13143
11533
340 364
10708
14 071
778 627
2019
22270
6371
7553
8 470
282 120
13939
11214
316 813
12294
11 565
692 609
2020
21679
5796
7391
9 725
289 472
11403
12113
312 683
9734
12 908
692 903
2021 1
21767
4459
8246
6 190
337 931
11080
5426
352 064
8933
11 188
767 284
1 Provisional figures. 2 USSR prior to 1991. 3 Includes Baltic countries. 4 Includes unspecified EU catches. 5 Revised figures.
Year
Area covered
Additional area implied in adjustment
Adjustment method
1981-92
88.1
1993
137.6
1994
161.1
199 5
191.9
1996
166.1
1997
88.4
56.2
Index ratio by age
1998
100.4
51.1
Index ratio by age
1999
118.5
2000
163.2
2001
164.7
2002
157.4
2003
147.4
2004
164.4
2005
179.9
2006
170.1
18.1
Partly covered strata raised to full strata area
2007
123.9
56.7
Index ratio by age
2008
165.2
2009
171.8
2010
160.5
2011
174.3
2012
151.3
16.7
Index ratio by age
2013
20 3.6
2014
2 66.8
2015
243.3
2016
228.0
2017
184.4
37.5
Index ratio by age
2018
236.3
2019
241.2
2020
203.2
25.1
Index ratio by age
2021
242.9
10.9
Index ratio by age
2022
242.4
Table 3.5. Barents Sea winter survey. Area covered (‘000 square nautical miles) and areas implied in the method used to adjust for missing coverage in Russian Economic Zone. In 4 of the 5 adjusted years the adjustments were not based on area ratios, but the “index ratio by age” was used. This means that the index by age (for the area outside REZ) was scaled by the observed ratio between total index and the index outside REZ observed in the years prior to the survey.
Table 3.7. Northeast Arctic COD. Weights-at-age (kg) in landings from various countries
Year
Age
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15+
Russia (trawl only)
1983
0.65
1.05
1.58
2.31
3.39
4.87
6.86
8.72
10.40
12.07
14.43
1984
0.53
0.88
1.45
2.22
3.21
4.73
6.05
8.43
10.34
12.61
14.95
1985
0.33
0.77
1.31
1.84
2.96
4.17
5.94
6.38
8.58
10.28
1986
0.29
0.61
1.14
1.75
2.45
4.17
6.18
8.04
9.48
11.33
12.35
14.13
1987
0.24
0.52
0.88
1.42
2.07
2.96
5.07
7.56
8.93
10.80
13.05
18.16
1988
0.27
0.49
0.88
1.32
2.06
3.02
4.40
6.91
9.15
11.65
12.53
14.68
1989
0.50
0.73
1.00
1.39
1.88
2.67
4.06
6.09
7.76
9.88
1990
0.45
0.83
1.21
1.70
2.27
3.16
4.35
6.25
8.73
10.85
13.52
1991
0.36
0.64
1.05
2.03
2.85
3.77
4.92
6.13
8.36
10.44
15.84
19.33
1992
0.55
1.20
1.44
2.07
3.04
4.24
5.14
5.97
7.25
9.28
11.36
1993
0.48
0.78
1.39
2.06
2.62
4.07
5.72
6.79
7.59
11.26
14.79
17.71
1994
0.41
0.81
1.24
1.80
2.55
2.88
4.96
6.91
8.12
10.28
12.42
16.93
1995
0.37
0.77
1.21
1.74
2.37
3.40
4.71
6.73
8.47
9.58
12.03
16.99
1996
0.30
0.64
1.09
1.60
2.37
3.42
5.30
7.86
8.86
10.87
11.80
1997
0.30
0.57
1.00
1.52
2.18
3.30
4.94
7.15
10.08
11.87
13.54
1998
0.33
0.68
1.06
1.60
2.34
3.39
5.03
6.89
10.76
12.39
13.61
14.72
1999
0.24
0.58
0.98
1.41
2.17
3.26
4.42
5.70
7.27
10.24
14.12
2000
0.18
0.48
0.85
1.44
2.16
3.12
4.44
5.79
7.49
9.66
10.36
2001
0.12
0.31
0.62
1.00
1.53
2.30
3.31
4.57
6.55
8.11
9.52
11.99
2002
0.20
0.60
1.05
1.46
2.14
3.27
4.47
6.23
8.37
10.06
12.37
2003
0.23
0.63
1.06
1.78
2.40
3.41
4.86
6.28
7.55
11.10
13.41
12.12
14.51
2004
0.30
0.57
1.09
1.55
2.37
3.20
4.73
6.92
8.41
9.77
11.08
2005
0.33
0.65
0.98
1.50
2.10
3.08
4.31
5.81
8.42
10.37
13.56
14.13
2006
0.27
0.68
1.05
1.49
2.25
3.16
4.54
5.90
8.59
10.31
12.31
2007
0.23
0.67
1.12
1.66
2.25
3.31
4.57
6.27
8.20
10.02
12.36
12.42
2008
0.28
0.64
1.16
1.74
2.65
3.58
4.74
5.73
7.32
8.07
9.52
12.52
2009
0.31
0.64
1.09
1.58
2.11
3.19
4.80
6.58
7.97
9.84
11.51
2010
0.25
0.57
1.00
1.64
2.28
3.14
4.53
5.98
8.03
9.71
10.70
13.53
2011
0.25
0.62
1.05
1.56
2.18
2.95
4.33
6.21
8.04
10.13
12.25
15.18
2012
0.29
0.60
1.07
1.66
2.25
2.95
4.17
6.23
8.58
11.08
12.24
14.07
15.22
16.39
2013
0.33
0.63
1.05
1.54
2.26
3.09
4.08
5.47
7.37
9.59
12.57
15.54
17.05
2014
0.32
0.61
1.05
1.61
2.26
3.15
4.00
5.24
7.13
9.46
11.18
14.47
2015
0.30
0.60
0.97
1.49
2.11
3.13
4.64
5.78
7.13
9.53
12.12
16.71
17.37
2016
0.26
0.55
0.97
1.53
2.20
3.19
4.50
6.12
7.97
9.55
10.95
14.35
14.74
17.25
2017
0.33
0.63
1.03
1.56
2.24
3.24
4.67
6.34
7.74
9.40
11.12
14.43
16.67
11.91
2018
0.33
0.68
1.06
1.62
2.40
3.22
4.66
6.23
7.79
8.91
10.26
11.26
13.41
10.14
2019
0.29
0.62
1.10
1.60
2.33
3.22
4.44
6.45
8.10
9.60
11.02
13.83
10.65
10.65
2020
0.27
0.47
0.93
1.44
2.05
2.95
4.28
5.73
7.59
8.45
10.66
12.26
12.18
12.23
2021
0.19
0.44
0.76
1.35
2.02
2.81
4.25
6.26
7.81
9.59
10.67
10.86
13.62
12.31
Table 3.7. Northeast Arctic COD. Weights-at-age (kg) in landings from various countries (continued)
Year
Age
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15+
Germany (Division IIa and IIb)
1994
0.68
1.04
2.24
3.49
4.51
5.79
6.93
8.16
8.46
8.74
9.48
15.25
1995
0.44
0.84
1.5
2.72
3.81
4.46
4.81
7.37
7.69
8.25
9.47
1996
0.84
1.15
1.64
2.53
3.58
4.13
3.9
4.68
6.98
6.43
11.32
1997
0.43
0.92
1.42
2.01
3.15
4.04
5.16
4.82
3.96
7.04
8.8
1998
0.23
0.73
1.17
1.89
2.72
3.25
4.13
5.63
6.5
8.57
8.42
11.45
8.79
19991
0.853
1.448
1.998
2.65
3.473
4.156
5.447
6.82
5.902
8.01
20002
0.26
0.73
1.36
2.04
2.87
3.67
4.88
5.78
7.05
8.45
8.67
9.33
6.88
2001
0.38
0.80
1.21
1.90
2.74
3.90
4.99
5.69
7.15
7.32
11.72
9.11
6.60
2002
0.35
1.00
1.31
1.80
2.53
3.64
4.38
5.07
6.82
9.21
7.59
13.18
19.17
19.20
2003
0.22
0.44
1.04
1.71
2.31
3.27
4.93
6.17
7.77
9.61
9.99
12.29
13.59
20042
0.22
0.73
1.01
1.75
2.58
3.33
4.73
6.32
7.20
8.45
9.20
11.99
10.14
13.11
20053
0.57
0.77
1.13
1.66
2.33
3.36
4.38
5.92
6.65
7.26
10.01
11.14
20062
0.71
0.91
1.39
1.88
2.56
3.77
5.33
6.68
9.14
10.89
11.51
16.83
18.77
20073
0.59
1.35
1.79
2.51
3.53
4.00
4.95
6.55
7.54
9.71
11.40
11.57
23.34
15.61
20083
0.23
0.51
1.14
1.76
2.57
3.15
4.40
5.43
7.18
8.39
10.15
10.03
10.99
14.26
20093
0.35
0.60
1.19
1.83
2.96
4.08
5.61
6.97
8.55
9.13
10.54
13.34
10.30
17.06
20103
0.36
0.67
0.93
1.71
2.46
3.21
4.93
6.75
7.80
8.70
8.53
10.17
12.36
14.11
20111
1.75
3.09
3.30
3.28
4.13
4.99
6.61
7.91
9.38
10.79
14.67
14.91
20133
1.03
1.37
1.87
2.65
3.45
4.49
7.26
11.42
12.86
13.07
20144
0.68
0.96
1.39
1.69
3.06
4.07
5.65
8.15
10.36
13.07
13.52
20154
0.82
1.05
1.67
2.33
3.56
4.50
5.41
6.20
6.39
20161
1.38
2.60
3.55
4.81
6.33
7.61
8.90
9.26
10.83
13.41
16.84
17.03
17.76
20171
1.58
2.79
3.93
3.93
4.77
6.35
8.16
9.09
10.39
11.24
12.48
14.39
13.04
20183
0.58
1.16
1.76
2.45
3.34
4.13
5.81
7.16
8.99
9.96
10.85
11.73
14.01
17.79
20191
0.82
1.37
1.80
2.26
3.49
4.45
5.44
7.08
9.25
9.39
13.30
12.24
15.25
20205
1.6
1.63
2.48
3.13
5.01
5.93
8.36
9.31
12.16
12.96
12.77
14.08
20212
0.68
1.3
1.52
2.25
3.22
4.58
6.49
7.43
10.37
11.73
14.64
14.34
15.74
1 Division IIa only 2 IIa and IIb combined 3 I,IIa and IIb combined 4 Division II b only 5 I and IIa combined
Table 3.7. Northeast Arctic COD. Weights-at-age (kg) in landings from various countries (continued)
Year
Age
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15+
Spain (Division IIb)
1994
0.43
1.08
1.38
2.32
2.47
2.68
3.46
5.20
7.04
6.79
7.20
8.04
10.46
15.35
1995
0.42
0.51
0.98
1.99
3.41
4.95
5.52
8.62
9.21
11.42
9.78
8.08
1996
0.66
1.12
1.57
2.43
3.17
3.59
4.44
5.48
6.79
8.10
19971
0.51
0.65
1.22
1.68
2.60
3.39
4.27
6.67
7.88
11.34
13.33
10.03
8.69
1998
0.47
0.74
1.15
1.82
2.44
3.32
3.71
5.00
7.26
19991
0.21
0.69
1.06
1.69
2.50
3.32
4.72
5.76
6.77
7.24
7.63
20001
0.23
0.61
1.24
1.75
2.47
3.12
4.65
6.06
7.66
10.94
11.40
7.20
2001
0.23
0.64
1.25
1.95
2.86
3.55
4.95
6.46
8.50
11.07
13.09
2002
0.16
0.55
1.00
1.48
2.17
3.29
4.47
5.35
8.29
12.23
9.01
12.16
15.2
2003
0.58
1.05
1.70
2.33
3.33
4.92
6.24
9.98
13.07
14.74
14.17
20041
0.31
0.56
0.80
1.28
1.96
2.59
3.72
5.36
5.28
7.41
11.43
20051
0.63
1.14
1.85
2.48
3.43
4.25
5.38
8.41
11.19
15.04
16.93
2006
0.30
0.61
0.99
1.46
2.04
2.55
3.39
3.50
4.70
6.36
2007
0.42
0.60
1.20
1.76
2.40
3.18
3.96
5.19
6.61
9.48
7.65
12.65
15.74
19.66
20091
0.12
0.45
0.95
1.60
2.18
3.36
4.52
6.04
7.30
9.42
10.35
11.47
12.54
20102
0.18
0.56
1.11
1.73
2.36
3.36
5.14
6.88
8.64
9.65
6.83
20111
0.45
0.90
1.26
1.84
2.55
4.08
5.61
8.17
8.14
7.31
8.91
20122
0.40
0.84
1.29
1.96
2.78
3.71
4.99
7.42
7.19
9.32
2013
0.17
0.72
1.06
1.63
2.36
3.14
3.90
4.36
6.55
2014
0.24
0.43
0.74
1.27
1.85
2.60
3.56
4.51
5.52
7.18
9.42
9.26
13.16
15.05
20152
0.40
0.80
1.19
1.79
2.45
3.38
4.41
5.85
6.64
7.48
6.77
20163
0.11
0.38
0.76
1.20
1.72
2.50
3.39
4.96
7.11
8.56
20172
0.12
0.42
0.75
1.17
1.69
2.50
3.39
4.47
5.69
5.93
6.00
10.91
13.57
10.52
20182
0.19
0.45
0.83
1.30
1.86
2.57
3.55
4.92
5.51
7.84
7.08
7.28
20192
0.19
0.39
0.90
1.30
1.85
2.65
3.48
4.83
5.96
5.67
7.04
8.36
20212
0.36
0.60
1.20
1.83
2.49
3.11
4.55
6.10
6.50
7.03
9.013
17.13
1 IIa and IIb combined 2 I,IIa and IIb combined 3 I and IIb combined
Iceland (Sub-area I)
1994
0.42
0.85
1.44
2.77
3.54
4.08
5.84
6.37
7.02
7.48
7.37
1995
1.17
0.91
1.60
2.28
3.61
4.73
6.27
6.26
1996
0.36
0.99
1.55
2.83
3.79
4.81
5.34
7.25
7.68
9.08
8.98
10.52
1997
0.42
0.43
0.76
1.60
2.40
3.45
4.40
5.74
6.15
8.28
10.52
9.89
UK (England & Wales)
19951
1.47
2.11
3.47
5.57
6.43
7.17
8.12
8.05
10.2
10.1
19962
1.55
1.81
2.42
3.61
6.3
6.47
7.83
7.91
8.93
9.38
10.9
19972
1.93
2.17
3.07
4.17
4.89
6.46
12.3
8.44
1Division IIa and IIb 2Division IIa
Poland (Division IIb)
2006
0.18
0.51
0.89
1.55
2.23
3.6
5.28
6.95
8.478
11
10.8
15.6
18.9
2008
0.49
0.90
1.45
2.24
2.79
3.82
4.68
5.015
6.45
7.02
7.22
5.99
6.91
2009
1.02
1.72
2.65
3.81
5.23
6.91
8.862
11.1
13.6
16.5
2010
1.39
1.66
2.29
2.98
3.92
5.18
6.313
6.66
8.72
9.05
2011
0.99
1.50
2.17
3.15
4.43
7.45
7.28
20161
0.84
1.59
2.29
2.81
3.91
4.78
5.61
6.709
7.89
8.54
11.6
13.7
16.09
20172
0.71
1.23
1.52
2.47
3.52
4.78
6.97
9.193
9.95
10.9
14.1
20183
0.74
1.15
1.66
2.45
3.55
4.48
6.06
6.31
7.59
7.91
8.28
8.52
9.40
20191
1.57
2.00
2.69
4.04
5.61
7.23
9.13
11.62
12.41
13.46
11.47
1 Division IIa 2 Division IIa and IIb 3 I and IIb combined
Table 3.7. Northeast Arctic COD. Weights at age (kg) in landings from various countries (continued)
Year_age
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
+gp
1946
0.35
0.59
1.11
1.69
2.37
3.17
3.98
5.05
5.92
7.2
8.15
8.13
9.25
1947
0.32
0.56
0.95
1.5
2.14
2.92
3.65
4.56
5.84
7.42
8.85
8.79
10
1948
0.34
0.53
1.26
1.93
2.46
3.36
4.22
5.31
5.92
7.09
8.43
8.18
9.43
1949
0.37
0.67
1.11
1.66
2.5
3.23
4.07
5.27
5.99
7.08
8.22
8.26
8.7
1950
0.39
0.64
1.29
1.7
2.36
3.48
4.52
5.62
6.4
7.96
8.89
9.07
10.27
1951
0.4
0.83
1.39
1.88
2.54
3.46
4.88
5.2
7.14
8.22
9.39
9.5
9.52
1952
0.44
0.8
1.33
1.92
2.64
3.71
5.06
6.05
7.42
8.43
10.19
10.13
10.56
1953
0.4
0.76
1.28
1.93
2.81
3.72
5.06
6.34
7.4
8.67
10.24
11.41
11.93
1954
0.44
0.77
1.26
1.97
3.03
4.33
5.4
6.75
7.79
10.67
9.68
9.56
11.11
1955
0.32
0.57
1.13
1.73
2.75
3.94
4.9
7.04
7.2
8.78
10.08
11.02
12.11
1956
0.33
0.58
1.07
1.83
2.89
4.25
5.55
7.28
8
8.35
9.94
10.25
11.56
1957
0.33
0.59
1.02
1.82
2.89
4.28
5.49
7.51
8.24
9.25
10.61
10.82
12.07
1958
0.34
0.52
0.95
1.92
2.94
4.21
5.61
7.35
8.67
9.58
11.63
11
13.83
1959
0.35
0.72
1.47
2.68
3.59
4.32
5.45
6.44
7.17
8.63
11.62
11.95
13
1960
0.34
0.51
1.09
2.13
3.38
4.87
6.12
8.49
7.79
8.3
11.42
11.72
13.42
1961
0.31
0.55
1.05
2.2
3.23
5.11
6.15
8.15
8.68
9.6
11.95
13.18
13.42
1962
0.32
0.55
0.93
1.7
3.03
5.03
6.55
7.7
9.27
10.56
12.72
13.48
14.44
1963
0.32
0.61
0.96
1.73
3.04
4.96
6.44
7.91
9.62
11.31
12.74
13.19
14.29
1964
0.33
0.55
0.95
1.86
3.25
4.97
6.41
8.07
9.34
10.16
12.89
13.25
14
1965
0.38
0.68
1.03
1.49
2.41
3.52
5.73
7.54
8.47
11.17
13.72
13.46
14.12
1966
0.44
0.74
1.18
1.78
2.46
3.82
5.36
7.27
8.63
10.66
14.15
14
15
1967
0.29
0.81
1.35
2.04
2.81
3.48
4.89
7.11
9.03
10.59
13.83
14.15
16.76
1968
0.33
0.7
1.48
2.12
3.14
4.21
5.27
6.65
9.01
9.66
14.85
16.3
17
1969
0.44
0.79
1.23
2.03
2.9
3.81
5.02
6.43
8.33
10.71
14.21
15
17
1970
0.37
0.91
1.34
2
3
4.15
5.59
7.6
8.97
10.99
14.07
14.61
16
1971
0.45
0.88
1.38
2.16
3.07
4.22
5.81
7.13
8.62
10.83
12.95
14.25
15.97
1972
0.38
0.77
1.43
2.12
3.23
4.38
5.83
7.62
9.52
12.09
13.67
13.85
16
1973
0.38
0.91
1.54
2.26
3.29
4.61
6.57
8.37
10.54
11.62
13.9
14
15.84
1974
0.32
0.66
1.17
2.22
3.21
4.39
5.52
7.86
9.82
11.41
13.24
13.7
14.29
1975
0.41
0.64
1.11
1.9
2.95
4.37
5.74
8.77
9.92
11.81
13.11
14
14.29
1976
0.35
0.73
1.19
2.01
2.76
4.22
5.88
9.3
10.28
11.86
13.54
14.31
14.28
1977
0.49
0.9
1.43
2.05
3.3
4.56
6.46
8.63
9.93
10.9
13.67
14.26
14.91
1978
0.49
0.81
1.45
2.15
3.04
4.46
6.54
7.98
10.15
10.85
13.18
14
15
1979
0.35
0.7
1.24
2.14
3.15
4.29
6.58
8.61
9.22
10.89
14.34
14.5
15.31
1980
0.27
0.56
1.02
1.72
3.02
4.2
5.84
7.26
8.84
9.28
14.45
15
15.5
1981
0.49
0.98
1.44
2.09
2.98
4.85
6.57
9.16
10.82
10.77
13.93
15
16
1982
0.37
0.66
1.35
1.99
2.93
4.24
6.46
8.51
12.24
10.78
14.04
15
16
1983
0.84
1.37
2.09
2.86
3.99
5.58
7.77
9.29
11.55
11.42
12.8
14.18
15.55
1984
1.42
1.93
2.49
3.14
3.91
4.91
6.02
7.4
8.13
11.42
12.8
14.18
15.55
1985
0.94
1.37
2.02
3.22
4.63
6.04
7.66
9.81
11.8
11.42
12.8
14.18
15.55
1986
0.64
1.27
1.88
2.79
4.49
5.84
6.83
7.69
9.81
11.42
12.8
14.18
15.55
1987
0.49
0.88
1.55
2.33
3.44
5.92
8.6
9.6
12.17
11.42
12.8
14.18
15.55
1988
0.54
0.85
1.32
2.24
3.52
5.35
8.06
9.51
11.36
11.42
12.8
14.18
15.55
1989
0.74
0.96
1.31
1.92
2.93
4.64
7.52
9.12
11.08
11.42
12.8
14.18
15.55
1990
0.81
1.22
1.64
2.22
3.24
4.68
7.3
9.84
13.25
11.42
12.8
14.18
15.55
1991
1.05
1.45
2.15
2.89
3.75
4.71
6.08
8.82
11.8
11.42
12.8
14.18
15.55
1992
1.16
1.57
2.21
3.1
4.27
5.19
6.14
7.77
10.12
11.42
12.8
14.18
15.55
1993
0.81
1.52
2.16
2.79
4.07
5.53
6.47
7.19
7.98
11.457
12.8
14.18
15.55
1994
0.82
1.3
2.06
2.89
3.21
5.2
6.8
7.57
8.01
9.955
13.012
14.18
15.55
1995
0.77
1.2
1.78
2.59
3.81
4.99
6.23
8.05
8.74
9.774
11.388
14.546
15.55
1996
0.79
1.11
1.61
2.46
3.82
5.72
6.74
8.04
9.28
10.451
11.19
12.819
16.045
1997
0.67
1.04
1.53
2.22
3.42
5.2
7.19
7.73
8.61
11.145
11.926
12.608
14.234
1998
0.68
1.05
1.62
2.3
3.3
4.86
6.87
9.3
10.3
10.754
12.676
13.394
14.011
1999
0.63
1.01
1.54
2.34
3.21
4.29
6
6.73
10.08
11.151
12.255
14.191
14.839
2000
0.57
1.04
1.61
2.34
3.34
4.48
5.72
7.52
8.02
11.93
12.682
13.743
15.675
2001
0.66
1.05
1.62
2.51
3.51
4.78
6.04
7.54
9
10.23
13.519
14.197
15.206
2002
0.72
1.13
1.56
2.31
3.52
4.78
6.2
7.66
9.14
10.379
11.687
15.081
15.681
2003
0.67
1.12
1.83
2.5
3.58
5.04
6.36
8.2
10.71
10.167
11.848
13.138
16.602
2004
0.72
1.13
1.61
2.43
3.27
4.72
6.71
7.98
9.19
10.84
11.619
13.31
14.571
2005
0.69
1.08
1.57
2.21
3.26
4.44
6.23
8.19
9.72
10.626
12.347
13.066
14.752
2006
0.72
1.16
1.6
2.39
3.32
4.54
5.47
6.78
7.7
10.8
12.116
13.842
14.494
2007
0.74
1.21
1.83
2.51
3.82
5.04
6.58
8.08
8.94
10.349
12.304
13.596
15.309
2008
0.77
1.27
1.87
2.82
3.79
5.12
6.22
7.75
8.4
10.139
11.816
13.795
15.052
2009
0.75
1.17
1.74
2.42
3.86
5.35
6.43
8.01
8.67
10.055
11.588
13.276
15.261
2010
0.78
1.2
1.74
2.44
3.4
5.04
6.25
7.32
8.53
10.378
11.496
13.033
14.715
2011
0.78
1.31
1.72
2.37
3.2
4.62
6.18
7.47
8.57
10.387
11.847
12.935
14.459
2012
0.67
1.14
1.73
2.34
3.12
4.4
6.28
8.24
10.35
10.367
11.857
13.309
14.356
2013
0.71
1.17
1.67
2.36
3.19
4.22
5.58
7.31
9.08
11.029
11.835
13.32
14.75
2014
0.79
1.2
1.73
2.34
3.28
4.21
5.49
6.98
8.67
10.823
12.551
13.297
14.761
2015
0.78
1.09
1.55
2.18
3.14
4.46
5.61
6.62
7.34
10.215
12.328
14.058
14.737
2016
0.78
1.14
1.66
2.26
3.25
4.5
5.98
7.31
8.54
9.372
11.67
13.822
15.536
2017
0.71
1.15
1.66
2.32
3.32
4.67
6.13
7.15
8.14
9.597
10.752
13.121
15.288
2018
0.86
1.17
1.71
2.5
3.31
4.61
6.03
7.32
8.06
9.707
10.998
12.137
14.552
2019
0.68
1.15
1.66
2.39
3.33
4.45
6.11
7.29
8.41
9.806
11.117
12.401
13.513
2020
0.709
1.084
1.604
2.195
3.092
4.39
5.731
7.218
8.406
9.989
11.226
12.529
13.793
2021
0.527
0.896
1.487
2.159
2.982
4.364
6.048
7.348
8.796
9.991
11.424
12.645
13.928
Table 3.8. Northeast Arctic COD. Catch weights at age (kg)
Year_age
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
+gp
1946
0.35
0.59
1.11
1.69
2.37
3.17
3.98
5.05
5.92
7.2
8.146
8.133
9.253
1947
0.32
0.56
0.95
1.5
2.14
2.92
3.65
4.56
5.84
7.42
8.848
8.789
9.998
1948
0.34
0.53
1.26
1.93
2.46
3.36
4.22
5.31
5.92
7.09
8.43
8.181
9.433
1949
0.37
0.67
1.11
1.66
2.5
3.23
4.07
5.27
5.99
7.08
8.218
8.259
8.701
1950
0.39
0.64
1.29
1.7
2.36
3.48
4.52
5.62
6.4
7.96
8.891
9.07
10.271
1951
0.4
0.83
1.39
1.88
2.54
3.46
4.88
5.2
7.14
8.22
9.389
9.502
9.517
1952
0.44
0.8
1.33
1.92
2.64
3.71
5.06
6.05
7.42
8.43
10.185
10.134
10.563
1953
0.4
0.76
1.28
1.93
2.81
3.72
5.06
6.34
7.4
8.67
10.238
11.409
11.926
1954
0.44
0.77
1.26
1.97
3.03
4.33
5.4
6.75
7.79
10.67
9.68
9.557
11.106
1955
0.32
0.57
1.13
1.73
2.75
3.94
4.9
7.04
7.2
8.78
10.077
11.023
12.105
1956
0.33
0.58
1.07
1.83
2.89
4.25
5.55
7.28
8
8.35
9.944
10.248
11.564
1957
0.33
0.59
1.02
1.82
2.89
4.28
5.49
7.51
8.24
9.25
10.605
10.825
12.075
1958
0.34
0.52
0.95
1.92
2.94
4.21
5.61
7.35
8.67
9.58
11.631
11
13.832
1959
0.35
0.72
1.47
2.68
3.59
4.32
5.45
6.44
7.17
8.63
11.621
11.95
13
1960
0.34
0.51
1.09
2.13
3.38
4.87
6.12
8.49
7.79
8.3
11.422
11.719
13.424
1961
0.31
0.55
1.05
2.2
3.23
5.11
6.15
8.15
8.68
9.6
11.952
13.181
13.422
1962
0.32
0.55
0.93
1.7
3.03
5.03
6.55
7.7
9.27
10.56
12.717
13.482
14.44
1963
0.32
0.61
0.96
1.73
3.04
4.96
6.44
7.91
9.62
11.31
12.737
13.193
14.287
1964
0.33
0.55
0.95
1.86
3.25
4.97
6.41
8.07
9.34
10.16
12.886
13.251
14
1965
0.38
0.68
1.03
1.49
2.41
3.52
5.73
7.54
8.47
11.17
13.722
13.465
14.118
1966
0.44
0.74
1.18
1.78
2.46
3.82
5.36
7.27
8.63
10.66
14.148
14
15
1967
0.29
0.81
1.35
2.04
2.81
3.48
4.89
7.11
9.03
10.59
13.829
14.146
16.756
1968
0.33
0.7
1.48
2.12
3.14
4.21
5.27
6.65
9.01
9.66
14.848
16.3
17
1969
0.44
0.79
1.23
2.03
2.9
3.81
5.02
6.43
8.33
10.71
14.211
15
17
1970
0.37
0.91
1.34
2
3
4.15
5.59
7.6
8.97
10.99
14.074
14.611
16
1971
0.45
0.88
1.38
2.16
3.07
4.22
5.81
7.13
8.62
10.83
12.945
14.25
15.973
1972
0.38
0.77
1.43
2.12
3.23
4.38
5.83
7.62
9.52
12.09
13.673
13.852
16
1973
0.38
0.91
1.54
2.26
3.29
4.61
6.57
8.37
10.54
11.62
13.904
14
15.841
1974
0.32
0.66
1.17
2.22
3.21
4.39
5.52
7.86
9.82
11.41
13.242
13.704
14.291
1975
0.41
0.64
1.11
1.9
2.95
4.37
5.74
8.77
9.92
11.81
13.107
14
14.293
1976
0.35
0.73
1.19
2.01
2.76
4.22
5.88
9.3
10.28
11.86
13.544
14.311
14.284
1977
0.49
0.9
1.43
2.05
3.3
4.56
6.46
8.63
9.93
10.9
13.668
14.255
14.906
1978
0.49
0.81
1.45
2.15
3.04
4.46
6.54
7.98
10.15
10.85
13.177
14
15
1979
0.35
0.7
1.24
2.14
3.15
4.29
6.58
8.61
9.22
10.89
14.344
14.5
15.315
1980
0.27
0.56
1.02
1.72
3.02
4.2
5.84
7.26
8.84
9.28
14.448
15
15.5
1981
0.49
0.98
1.44
2.09
2.98
4.85
6.57
9.16
10.82
10.77
13.932
15
16
1982
0.37
0.66
1.35
1.99
2.93
4.24
6.46
8.51
12.24
10.78
14.041
15
16
1983
0.37
0.92
1.6
2.44
3.82
4.76
6.17
7.7
9.25
12.621
14.544
16.466
18.388
1984
0.42
1.16
1.81
2.79
3.78
4.57
6.17
7.7
9.25
12.621
14.544
16.466
18.388
1985
0.413
0.875
1.603
2.81
4.059
5.833
7.685
10.117
14.29
12.621
14.544
16.466
18.388
1986
0.311
0.88
1.47
2.467
3.915
5.81
6.58
6.833
11.004
12.621
14.544
16.466
18.388
1987
0.211
0.498
1.254
2.047
3.431
5.137
6.523
9.3
13.15
12.621
14.544
16.466
18.388
1988
0.212
0.404
0.79
1.903
2.977
4.392
7.812
12.112
13.107
12.621
14.544
16.466
18.388
1989
0.299
0.52
0.868
1.477
2.686
4.628
7.048
9.98
9.25
12.621
14.544
16.466
18.388
1990
0.398
0.705
1.182
1.719
2.458
3.565
4.71
7.801
8.956
12.621
14.544
16.466
18.388
1991
0.518
1.136
1.743
2.428
3.214
4.538
6.88
10.719
9.445
12.621
14.544
16.466
18.388
1992
0.44
0.931
1.812
2.716
3.895
5.176
6.774
9.598
12.427
12.621
14.544
16.466
18.388
1993
0.344
1.172
1.82
2.823
4.031
5.497
6.765
8.571
10.847
12.621
14.544
16.466
18.388
1994
0.237
0.757
1.419
2.458
3.845
5.374
6.648
7.653
8.136
12.916
16.114
16.466
18.388
1995
0.197
0.487
1.141
2.118
3.504
4.915
6.949
9.051
9.775
11.409
15.248
18.62
18.388
1996
0.206
0.482
0.98
2.041
3.52
5.507
7.74
9.922
10.63
12.093
13.533
17.659
21.171
1997
0.211
0.537
1.11
1.876
3.381
5.258
8.546
10.653
10.776
13.232
14.313
15.745
20.122
1998
0.242
0.561
1.179
1.936
2.944
4.583
7.092
10.7
12.042
13.771
15.607
16.617
18.021
1999
0.209
0.514
1.183
2.007
3.037
4.479
6.512
10.028
11.117
14.698
16.215
18.057
18.981
2000
0.194
0.465
1.218
1.963
3.064
4.12
5.746
7.157
9.961
14.589
17.26
18.733
20.557
2001
0.284
0.513
1.21
2.25
3.299
5.066
6.373
9.29
11.456
13.317
17.138
19.887
21.294
2002
0.23
0.603
1.184
2.138
3.336
4.81
6.912
8.809
10.475
12.534
15.703
19.752
22.549
2003
0.233
0.551
1.317
2.022
3.239
4.984
6.727
8.422
14.226
12.524
14.815
18.164
22.403
2004
0.24
0.55
1.074
2.038
2.911
4.402
6.263
8.535
10.197
12.371
14.803
17.176
20.674
2005
0.225
0.61
1.083
1.87
3.002
3.971
5.789
8.127
12.759
12.611
14.63
17.163
19.594
2006
0.252
0.591
1.219
2.014
3.028
4.434
5.999
7.774
9.954
13.679
14.902
16.97
19.58
2007
0.249
0.663
1.329
2.127
3.183
4.59
6.477
8.88
12.124
12.261
16.111
17.274
19.368
2008
0.286
0.726
1.418
2.41
3.331
4.914
6.747
8.851
10.393
12.776
14.504
18.617
19.701
2009
0.274
0.652
1.353
2.312
3.803
5.103
6.75
9.252
10.119
12.323
15.09
16.83
21.168
2010
0.258
0.608
1.208
2.01
3.088
4.903
6.498
7.992
9.689
12.467
14.574
17.483
19.214
2011
0.225
0.6
1.097
1.926
2.861
4.403
6.531
8.648
9.885
12.508
14.738
16.909
19.929
2012
0.227
0.555
1.182
1.834
2.831
4.124
6.056
8.584
11.498
12.249
14.785
17.092
19.3
2013
0.247
0.577
1.134
1.998
2.841
4.015
5.523
8.077
10.304
13.207
14.491
17.144
19.501
2014
0.216
0.577
1.137
1.791
2.781
3.85
5.245
6.992
9.378
12.746
15.578
16.816
19.558
2015
0.229
0.54
1.134
1.934
2.753
4.081
5.315
7.135
8.947
11.778
15.056
18.025
19.198
2016
0.21
0.536
1.001
1.812
2.72
3.958
5.64
7.064
8.569
10.885
13.954
17.445
20.522
2017
0.255
0.675
1.107
1.896
2.826
4.158
5.7
7.628
9.071
10.634
12.934
16.216
19.888
2018
0.286
0.62
1.188
1.949
2.768
4.059
5.749
7.38
9.097
10.8
12.646
15.073
18.54
2019
0.24
0.603
1.085
1.82
3.025
4.296
5.891
7.293
9.667
11.186
12.837
14.749
17.28
2020
0.148
0.503
1.055
1.692
2.59
4.064
5.617
7.673
9.313
11.306
13.278
14.964
16.922
2021
0.17
0.437
0.954
1.718
2.669
3.804
5.822
7.396
9.334
11.187
13.415
15.459
17.159
2022
0.293
0.48
0.929
1.616
2.741
3.933
5.744
8.012
9.648
11.255
13.279
15.613
17.706
Table 3.9. Northeast Arctic COD. Stock weights at age (kg)
Norway
Percentage mature
Age
Year
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1982
0
5
10
34
65
82
92
100
1983
5
8
10
30
73
88
97
100
Russia
Percentage mature
Age
Year
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1984
0
5
18
31
56
90
99
100
1985
0
1
10
33
59
85
92
100
1986
0
2
9
19
56
76
89
100
1987
0
1
9
23
27
61
81
80
1988
0
1
3
25
53
79
100
100
1989
0
0
2
15
39
59
83
100
1990
0
2
6
20
47
62
81
95
1991
0
3
1
23
66
82
96
100
1992
0
1
8
31
73
92
95
100
1993
0
3
7
21
56
89
95
99
1994
0
1
8
30
55
84
95
98
1995
0
0
4
23
61
75
94
97
1996
0
0
1
22
56
82
95
100
1997
0
0
1
10
48
73
90
100
1998
0
0
2
15
47
87
97
96
1999
0
0.2
1.3
9.9
38.4
74.9
94
100
2000
0
0
6
19.2
51.4
84
95.5
100
2001
0.1
0.1
3.9
27.9
62.3
89.4
96.3
100
2002
0.1
1.9
10.9
34.4
68.1
82.8
97.6
100
2003
0.2
0
11
29.2
65.9
89.6
95.1
100
2004
0
0.7
8
33.8
63.3
83.4
96.4
96.4
2005
0
0.6
4.6
24.2
61.5
84.9
95.3
98.1
2006
0
0
6.1
29.6
59.6
89.5
96.4
100
2007
0
0.4
5.7
20.8
60.4
83.5
96
100
2008
0
0.5
4
24.6
48.3
84.4
94.7
98.7
2009
0
0
6
28
66
85
97
100
2010
0
0.2
1.5
22.8
47
77.4
90.2
95.5
2011
0
0
2.2
20.7
50.4
73.7
90.6
95.6
2012
0.2
0
1.5
10.8
43.9
76.1
90.8
96.4
2013
0
0
0.6
10.6
41.8
70.6
89.8
96.9
2014
0
0
1.9
14.1
45.9
76
92
97.5
2015
0
0.2
0.2
7.9
27
60.8
83.4
93.7
2016
0
0
0.2
5.2
22.4
44.1
74.8
92.5
2017*
0
0
0.8
6.3
20.8
51.6
80.4
98.6
2018
0
0.5
2.5
23.6
53.9
79.4
92.5
96.0
2019**
0
0
4.5
11.9
56.4
91.8
95.1
100
2020**
0
0.4
1.7
15.8
43.8
71.2
74.9
84.9
2021**
0
0
2.7
16.1
44.1
72.2
87.1
88.1
2022**
0
0
0.8
11.6
59.7
72.6
80.4
96.2
*Not used in inputs (instead ratios presented in WD 10, 2017 used for further calculations) **Not used in inputs (instead ratios presented in WD 15, 2019 used for further calculations)
Table 3.10. Northeast Arctic COD. Basis for maturity ogives (percent) used in the assessment. Norwegian and Russian data.
Table 3.21. Northeast Arctic COD. Detailed prediction output assuming Fsq in 20 22 and HCR in 2023.
Age
F
CatchNos
Yield
StockNos
Biomass
SSNos(Jan)
SSB(Jan)
Fbar age range: 5-10
Year: 2022
F multiplier: 1
Fbar: 0.4810
3
0.011
4382
2
476000
139
6664
2
4
0.067
15944
14
274930
132
0
0
5
0.189
40924
57
264131
245
2641
2
6
0.323
49604
106
197664
319
15615
25
7
0.446
40267
122
122520
336
49253
135
8
0.561
31836
134
81092
319
54656
215
9
0.622
11449
67
26996
155
20409
117
10
0.746
6105
45
12661
101
12344
99
11
0.901
6151
52
11264
109
11264
109
12
0.825
2463
25
4775
54
4775
54
13
0.567
546
6
1378
18
1378
18
14
0.291
170
2
739
12
739
12
15+
0.291
577
8
2511
44
2511
44
Total
NA
210418 (thous)
641(thou. tonnes)
1476661 (thous)
1985 (thou. tonnes)
182250 (thous)
833 (thou. tonnes)
Fbar age range: 5-10
Year: 2023
F multiplier: 1.01
Fbar: 0.4835
3
0.011
5237
3
566000
129
3019
1
4
0.068
18770
16
322026
187
215
0
5
0.190
31420
43
201831
191
2018
2
6
0.324
44095
90
174933
275
19301
30
7
0.449
38549
116
116806
297
44542
113
8
0.564
25305
108
64204
251
45072
176
9
0.625
16135
92
37899
212
32252
181
10
0.749
5742
41
11866
91
11486
88
11
0.905
2695
23
4919
49
4851
48
12
0.829
1940
19
3747
43
3747
43
13
0.570
682
8
1714
23
1714
23
14
0.292
148
2
640
10
640
10
15+
0.292
459
7
1990
35
1990
35
Total
NA
191177 (thous)
567 (thou. tonnes)
1508574 (thous)
1793 (thou. tonnes)
170846 (thous)
751 (thou. tonnes)
Year
B(3+)
SSB
R(3)
F(5-10)
1984
832475
257128
423540
0.794
1985
997042
201878
562013
0.640
1986
1371608
182219
1088448
0.787
1987
1217892
133125
288771
1.030
1988
989270
219074
216731
0.977
1989
919430
242343
174394
0.463
1990
988089
331327
228120
0.310
1991
1576090
725896
407282
0.226
1992
1954099
942530
706308
0.409
1993
2417354
833487
919721
0.619
1994
2202724
648104
714627
0.822
1995
1862607
561769
483248
0.763
1996
1769846
611779
389590
0.732
1997
1653878
660891
645301
1.064
1998
1310048
430437
795960
1.077
1999
1113365
290190
482785
0.922
2000
1092663
249331
566302
0.641
2001
1341324
375817
483100
0.515
2002
1477950
507382
421038
0.507
2003
1578393
545747
669974
0.506
2004
1521547
640634
273873
0.599
2005
1485862
579150
529460
0.603
2006
1510903
599171
529677
0.628
2007
1804575
636829
1260970
0.490
2008
2532511
690152
1237491
0.349
2009
3180322
983447
837192
0.334
2010
3450733
1173373
482215
0.367
2011
3636614
1657124
607215
0.321
2012
3752025
1901044
677845
0.290
2013
3879833
2114406
800478
0.299
2014
3609887
2017731
1012919
0.331
2015
3427586
1611365
497349
0.358
2016
3054495
1319476
359955
0.331
2017
3073171
1483256
732593
0.398
2018
2807889
1385292
510018
0.437
2019
2608769
1327529
530801
0.386
2020
2276282
1090178
368720
0.406
2021
2023565
971926
255602
0.530
2022
1577540
787739
Table 3.22. Northeast Arctic COD. Assessments results by means of TISVPA
Year
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
1984
423540
135475
77073
45251
24243
12654
9060
1440
660
412
198
36
24
1985
562013
339808
97750
45065
19561
6752
3332
2368
464
352
170
113
28
1986
1088448
439315
233334
56057
20761
6829
2177
1296
1094
229
248
106
44
1987
288771
807686
293966
115554
22666
7077
2096
737
406
382
75
162
55
1988
216731
213153
524049
145983
35973
6050
2108
737
157
137
113
40
14
1989
174394
165787
150616
284854
60443
9627
1628
615
173
35
48
55
79
1990
228120
138858
117403
95106
154533
25579
3449
655
267
100
17
36
14
1991
407282
185090
106944
83202
61237
97223
14463
2034
376
165
67
10
19
1992
706308
329545
142724
74206
51266
34497
58289
8483
1277
258
121
52
6
1993
919721
558121
241106
93966
40988
25889
16301
30789
4419
755
139
91
4
1994
714627
713450
416255
143703
48128
19010
11208
6726
13079
1835
295
65
14
1995
483248
498374
495670
246587
63316
13694
5954
3276
1937
4053
576
142
3
1996
389590
280514
327233
292254
116764
23190
4683
1944
989
538
1536
288
3
1997
645301
225111
179090
187075
142900
47128
8457
1837
644
335
203
633
3
1998
795960
412991
141348
84808
74507
47580
12041
1942
411
130
68
58
141
1999
482785
495248
244147
69239
31006
25706
11901
3363
465
124
34
23
86
2000
566302
363702
323873
113974
25926
10989
6834
2385
1012
155
53
4
53
2001
483100
436767
264068
172682
49870
9675
3623
1873
651
497
63
33
102
2002
421038
376872
318886
162943
81958
21007
3469
1516
631
254
306
44
29
2003
669974
316334
277940
196002
76114
31310
7627
1320
766
317
111
220
5
2004
273873
520975
240139
173789
99040
32288
12769
3538
615
469
172
72
36
2005
529460
211153
384639
152377
85195
38108
11351
4595
1334
242
260
106
31
2006
529677
387746
153767
217638
74087
32976
13406
4013
1570
562
106
183
630
2007
1260970
424821
269442
95745
106990
32504
12800
4518
1585
555
250
63
170
2008
1237491
964878
311010
158248
54529
54430
16087
6442
2227
797
211
163
81
2009
837192
948353
732626
216807
94049
31657
26730
8427
3583
1172
446
137
131
2010
482215
631431
733100
520182
135327
56469
18030
13975
4998
2098
259
298
213
2011
607215
356825
481574
537231
345907
76533
30143
10155
7387
1817
985
79
0
2012
677845
396238
252910
359807
368609
211181
42902
14792
4356
3426
986
487
167
2013
800478
461064
283877
190409
253330
235295
125950
23966
7629
2046
1851
566
922
2014
1012919
537603
351039
209639
134605
157336
128477
63054
11807
3740
1087
1150
860
2015
497349
695648
383153
248119
138557
82752
80923
64432
31047
6155
1975
638
1208
2016
359955
344880
506831
264221
155082
82398
46705
43675
30885
12144
2828
1208
1495
2017
732593
287981
255836
341890
171641
92871
46365
25315
19253
12614
5745
1606
1147
2018
510018
488492
218871
178786
215496
96968
48310
24005
11943
6318
5023
3102
1001
2019
530801
383163
367726
152573
110772
121786
51320
23778
11112
4205
2210
2308
1318
2020
368720
387242
287531
250662
96645
65067
63376
26380
11469
5250
1778
1212
1087
2021
255602
235570
285109
197022
152009
51599
34042
30961
11737
4464
2856
960
1449
2022
168893
162960
173593
107260
70946
21980
14530
13053
5159
2083
1725
580
Table 3.23. NEA cod TISVPA estimates of abundance at age (thousands)
Year
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
F(5-10)
1984
0.022
0.134
0.317
0.546
0.982
0.988
0.980
0.950
0.301
0.917
0.456
0.456
0.456
0.794
1985
0.021
0.122
0.307
0.451
0.621
0.911
0.769
0.782
0.697
0.232
0.376
0.376
0.376
0.640
1986
0.021
0.154
0.386
0.627
0.749
0.878
1.125
0.956
0.883
0.749
0.439
0.439
0.439
0.787
1987
0.026
0.154
0.508
0.838
1.138
1.104
1.087
1.503
1.102
0.964
0.517
0.517
0.517
1.030
1988
0.025
0.162
0.411
0.903
1.197
1.297
1.020
1.032
1.244
0.902
0.489
0.489
0.489
0.977
1989
0.014
0.089
0.238
0.360
0.578
0.594
0.540
0.466
0.436
0.478
0.252
0.252
0.252
0.463
1990
0.008
0.059
0.158
0.259
0.313
0.415
0.371
0.347
0.283
0.258
0.167
0.167
0.167
0.310
1991
0.007
0.038
0.111
0.186
0.247
0.254
0.292
0.268
0.235
0.188
0.123
0.123
0.123
0.226
1992
0.010
0.068
0.166
0.314
0.445
0.516
0.460
0.550
0.461
0.386
0.211
0.211
0.211
0.409
1993
0.014
0.086
0.258
0.404
0.662
0.822
0.827
0.740
0.832
0.654
0.309
0.309
0.309
0.619
1994
0.017
0.113
0.282
0.559
0.726
1.061
1.131
1.171
0.927
1.008
0.388
0.388
0.388
0.822
1995
0.016
0.106
0.300
0.476
0.785
0.844
1.037
1.136
1.055
0.810
0.383
0.383
0.383
0.763
1996
0.021
0.103
0.290
0.526
0.678
0.954
0.858
1.088
1.070
0.950
0.390
0.390
0.390
0.732
1997
0.027
0.175
0.371
0.703
1.126
1.229
1.560
1.394
1.688
1.540
0.537
0.537
0.537
1.064
1998
0.030
0.176
0.502
0.660
1.046
1.407
1.227
1.618
1.270
1.419
0.538
0.538
0.538
1.077
1999
0.023
0.182
0.457
0.840
0.851
1.106
1.192
1.085
1.229
0.960
0.486
0.486
0.486
0.922
2000
0.018
0.112
0.370
0.563
0.798
0.658
0.699
0.759
0.647
0.683
0.342
0.342
0.342
0.641
2001
0.014
0.097
0.241
0.502
0.604
0.700
0.502
0.542
0.539
0.451
0.272
0.272
0.272
0.515
2002
0.012
0.083
0.242
0.379
0.653
0.651
0.644
0.475
0.475
0.456
0.255
0.255
0.255
0.507
2003
0.013
0.075
0.208
0.387
0.491
0.720
0.612
0.619
0.425
0.410
0.243
0.243
0.243
0.506
2004
0.014
0.097
0.228
0.407
0.637
0.684
0.882
0.757
0.702
0.459
0.284
0.284
0.284
0.599
2005
0.016
0.092
0.263
0.390
0.574
0.764
0.699
0.926
0.725
0.647
0.289
0.289
0.289
0.603
2006
0.016
0.108
0.267
0.494
0.594
0.749
0.860
0.802
0.978
0.730
0.317
0.317
0.317
0.628
2007
0.013
0.087
0.236
0.365
0.544
0.543
0.581
0.673
0.582
0.664
0.258
0.258
0.258
0.490
2008
0.009
0.065
0.173
0.293
0.363
0.450
0.391
0.425
0.450
0.382
0.194
0.194
0.194
0.349
2009
0.008
0.054
0.160
0.271
0.375
0.394
0.426
0.378
0.381
0.390
0.185
0.185
0.185
0.334
2010
0.008
0.055
0.150
0.285
0.396
0.469
0.429
0.474
0.389
0.380
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.367
2011
0.007
0.044
0.130
0.224
0.347
0.410
0.422
0.394
0.404
0.323
0.183
0.183
0.000
0.321
2012
0.007
0.040
0.107
0.198
0.280
0.371
0.383
0.402
0.349
0.346
0.173
0.173
0.173
0.290
2013
0.007
0.048
0.112
0.190
0.291
0.354
0.414
0.435
0.425
0.357
0.191
0.191
0.191
0.299
2014
0.008
0.051
0.145
0.213
0.297
0.396
0.423
0.509
0.496
0.467
0.225
0.225
0.225
0.331
2015
0.009
0.060
0.153
0.277
0.333
0.401
0.470
0.515
0.577
0.541
0.264
0.264
0.264
0.358
2016
0.009
0.056
0.151
0.245
0.363
0.371
0.390
0.466
0.473
0.509
0.258
0.258
0.258
0.331
2017
0.012
0.068
0.177
0.306
0.409
0.527
0.467
0.502
0.561
0.548
0.321
0.321
0.321
0.398
2018
0.014
0.085
0.195
0.322
0.460
0.525
0.590
0.531
0.529
0.570
0.356
0.356
0.356
0.437
2019
0.012
0.083
0.200
0.286
0.384
0.464
0.458
0.523
0.438
0.422
0.315
0.315
0.315
0.386
2020
0.015
0.082
0.228
0.350
0.407
0.465
0.490
0.494
0.523
0.423
0.332
0.332
0.332
0.406
2021
0.014
0.092
0.242
0.408
0.562
0.653
0.651
0.664
0.622
0.562
0.304
0.304
0.304
0.530
Table 3.24. NEA cod TISVPA estimates of fishing mortality coefficients
Figure 3.1. Standard plots for Northeast Arctic cod (ICES subareas 1 and 2)
Figure 3.2a. Standardized one-observation-ahead residuals for log-catches and log-indices (Thygesen et al . 2017) in the final SAM run
Figure 3.2b. NEA cod SSB, R and Fbar model retrospective pattern for final SAM run.
Figure 3.2c. NEA cod SSB, Fbar and R historical retrospective pattern for final SAM run.
Figure 3.2d. NEA cod final SAM run fit. Total catch in weight. Modelled catches from the final run and point wise 95% confidence intervals are shown by line and shaded area. The yearly observed total catch weight (crosses) are calculated as Catch(y)=sum(W(a,y)*C(a,y)).
Figure 3.2e. NEA cod. Catchability of different fleets used for final SAM run fit.
Figure 3.3. NEA cod cannibalism mortality vs. capelin abundance.
Figure 3.4. Northeast Arctic cod. Fishing mortality (F5-10) (top panel) and trawl efforts in 1985–2020 (bottom panel).
Figure 3. 5. Cod CPUE in Norwegian trawl catches where cod is the main species (double and single trawl). Connected line shows mean, line inside the box shows the median, and the box shows 25 and 75 percentiles.
Figure 3.6a. Residuals of the TISVPA data approximation (yellow circles are positive residuals, white – negative, maximum bubble size corresponds to residual = 2.4).
Figure 3.6b. Profiles of the components of the TISVPA objective function.
Figure 3.6c. TISVPA retrospective runs.
Figure 3.7. Model comparison. TSB (total stock biomass, age 3+), SSB recruitment and F in SAM and TISVPA.
Sub-area |I
Division IIb
Division IIa
Total
Year
Norway 2
UK 3
Russia 4
Norway 2
UK 3
Russia 4
Norway 2
UK 3
Norway
1966
-
0.074
0.42
-
0.078
0.19
-
0.067
1967
-
0.081
0.53
-
0.106
0.87
-
0.052
1968
-
0.110
1.09
-
0.173
1.21
-
0.056
1969
-
0.113
1.00
-
0.135
1.17
-
0.094
1970
-
0.100
0.80
-
0.100
0.80
-
0.066
1971
-
0.056
0.43
-
0.071
0.16
-
0.062
1972
0.90
0.047
0.34
0.59
0.051
0.18
1.08
0.055
1973
1.05
0.057
0.56
0.43
0.054
0.57
0.71
0.043
1974
1.75
0.079
0.86
1.94
0.106
0.77
0.19
0.028
1975
1.82
0.077
0.94
1.67
0.100
0.43
1.36
0.033
1976
1.69
0.060
0.84
1.20
0.081
0.30
1.69
0.035
1977
1.54
0.052
0.63
0.91
0.056
0.25
1.16
0.044
1.17
1978
1.37
0.062
0.52
0.56
0.044
0.08
1.12
0.037
0.94
1979
0.85
0.046
0.43
0.62
-
0.06
1.06
0.042
0.85
1980
1.47
-
0.49
0.41
-
0.16
1.27
-
1.23
Spain5
Russia4
1981
1.42
-
0.41
(0.96)
-
0.07
1.02
0.35
1.21
1982
1.30
-
0.35
-
0.86
0.26
1.01
0.34
1.09
1983
1.58
-
0.31
(1.31)
0.92
0.36
1.05
0.38
1.11
1984
1.40
-
0.45
1.20
0.78
0.35
0.73
0.27
0.96
1985
1.86
-
1.04
1.51
1.37
0.50
0.90
0.39
1.29
1986
1.97
-
1.00
2.39
1.73
0.84
1.36
1.14
1.70
1987
1.77
-
0.97
2.00
1.82
1.05
1.73
0.67
1.77
1988
1.58
-
0.66
1.61
(1.36)
0.54
0.97
0.55
1.03
1989
1.49
-
0.71
0.41
2.70
0.45
0.78
0.43
0.76
1990
1.35
-
0.70
0.39
2.69
0.80
0.38
0.60
0.49
1991
1.38
-
0.67
0.29
4.96
0.76
0.50
0.90
0.44
1992
2.19
-
0.79
3.06
2.47
0.23
0.98
0.65
1.29
1993
2.33
-
0.85
2.98
3.38
1.00
1.74
1.03
1.87
1994
2.50
-
1.01
2.82
1.44
1.14
1.27
0.86
1.59
1995
1.57
-
0.59
2.73
1.65
1.10
1.00
1.01
1.92
1996
0.74
1.11
0.85
0.99
1.81
1997
0.61
0.57
0.74
1.36
1998
0.37
0.29
0.40
0.83
1999
0.29
0.34
0.39
0.74
2000
0.34
0.37
0.53
0.92
2001
0.46
0.46
0.69
1.21
2002
0.58
0.66
0.57
1.35
2003
0.70
1.22
0.73
1.67
2004
0.48
0.78
0.84
1.67
2005
0.45
0.62
0.81
1.23
2006
0.49
0.54
0.84
0.88
2007
0.71
0.51
0.88
1.16
200 8
0.93
0.79
1.21
2009
1.33
1.16
0.83
2010
1.47
1.18
1.16
2011
1.77
1.69
2.46
4.87 6
2012
2.25
1.44
2.11
6.97 6
201 3
2.30
1.46
2.60
4.96 6
201 4
2.07
1.54
2.38
5.75 6
2015
1.06
1.38
1.93
4.54 6
2016
1.15
1.06
1.39
3.64 6
201 7
1.00
1.0 0
1.0 5
3.01 6
2018
1.0 6
1. 40
1. 31
3.20 6
2019
1 .01
0.89
1.16
3.02 6
2020
0.78
0.68
1.42
3.38 6
2021 1
0.70
0.89
0.86
2.51 6
Table A1. North-East Arctic COD. Catch per unit effort.
1 Preliminary figures.
2 Norwegian data - t per 1,000 tonnage*hrs fishing.
3 United Kingdom data - t per 100 tonnage*hrs fishing.
4 Russian data - t per hr fishing.
5 Spanish data - t per hr fishing.
6 2011-2020 Norwegian data on t per hr fishing are from single-trawl only, not comparable to data from previous years
Period
Sub-area I
Divisions IIa and IIb
1960–1973
RT
RT
1974–1980
PST
RT
1981–
PST
PST
Table A2. North-east Arctic COD. Abundance indices (millions) from the Norwegian acoustic survey in the Barents Sea in January-March. New TS and rock-hopper gear (1981-1988 back-calculated from bobbins gear). Corrected for length-dependent effective spread of trawl. Data from 1994 onwards corrected for three northern areas and the method of filling in gaps (WD 1, WKBarFar 2021).
Vessel type: RT = side trawlers, 800–1000 HP, PST = stern trawlers, up to 2000 HP.
Table A3. North-East Arctic COD. Abundance indices (millions) from the Norwegian bottom trawl survey in the Barents Sea in January-March. Rock-hopper gear (1981-1988 back-calculated from bobbins gear). Corrected for length-dependent effective spread of trawl. Data from 1994 and onwards corrected - WD 1, WKBarFar 2021
Table A4. North East Arctic COD. Abundance at age (millions) from the Norwegian acoustic survey on the spawning grounds off Lofoten in March-April.
Table A5. North East Arctic COD. Length (cm) at-age in the Barents Sea from the investigations winter survey in February. Data for ages 1-11 from 1994 and onwards - WD 1, WKBarFar 2021.
Table A6. North East Arctic COD. Weight (g) at-age in the Barents Sea from the investigations winter survey in February.Data for ages 1-11 from 1994 and onwards - WD 1, WKBarFar 2021.
*revised
Table A7. Northeast Arctic COD. Length at age in cm in the Lofoten survey.
*revised
Table A8. Northeast Arctic COD. Mean weight-at-age (kg) in the Lofoten survey.
*revised
Table A9. Northeast Arctic COD. Results from the Russian trawl-acoustic survey in the Barents Sea and adjacent waters in the autumn. Stock number in millions.
Table A10. Northeast Arctic COD. Abundance indices (millions) from the Russian bottom trawl survey in the Barents Sea.
Table A11. Northeast Arctic COD. Length-at-age (cm) from Russian surveys in November-December.
Table A12. Northeast Arctic COD. Weight (g) at age from Russian surveys in November-December.
Table A13. Northeast Arctic COD. Sum of acoustic abundance estimates (millions) in the Joint winter Barents Sea survey (Table A2) and the Norwegian Lofoten acoustic survey (Table A4).
Table A14. Swept area estimates (millions) of Northeast Arctic Cod from the Joint Norwegian- Russian ecosystem survey in August-September (2020 data are taken from WD 01 AFWG 2021).
Table A15. Mean weight at age of cod (g), data from bottom trawls Barents Sea Ecosystem survey. StoX calculations.
*revised
4 - Haddock in subareas 1 and 2 (Northeast Arctic)
4.1 - Introductory note
On 30th March 2022 all Russian participation in ICES was suspended. The AFWG report 2022 chapter on haddock was therefore not been updated except tables of total catch (Tables 4.1-4.5.).
In the present report, we have kept the main structure of the NEA haddock chapters in AFWG reports from the last years.
4.2 - Status of the fisheries
4.2.1 - Historical development of the fisheries
Haddock is mainly fished by trawl as bycatch in the fishery for cod. Also, a directed trawl fishery for haddock is conducted. The proportion of the total catches taken by direct fishery varies between years. On average approximately 30% of the catch is with conventional gears, mostly longline, which in the past was used almost exclusively by Norway. Some of the longline catches are from a directed fishery, which is restricted by national quotas. In the Norwegian management, the quotas are set separately for trawl and other gears. The fishery is also regulated by a minimum landing size (40 cm), a minimum mesh size in trawls and Danish seine, a maximum bycatch of undersized fish, closure of areas with high density/catches of juveniles and other seasonal and area restrictions.
The exploitation rate of haddock has been variable. The highest fishing mortalities for haddock have occurred at low to intermediate stock levels and historically show little relationship with the exploitation rate of cod, despite haddock being primarily caught as bycatch in the cod fishery. However, the more restrictive quota regulations introduced around 1990 have resulted in a more stable pattern in the exploitation rate.
The exceptionally strong year classes 2005–2006 contributed to the strong increase to all-time high stock levels and high catch levels in the last decade. Their importance in the catches is currently minimal. Currently, the 2016 year-class is dominating the catches.
The highest landings of haddock historically were 322 kt in 1973. Since 1973 the highest catches observed was 316 kt in 2012. The landings in 2018, 2019 and 2020 were below 200 kt (Figure 4.1).
Provisional official landings for 2021 are about 205 kt, which is 12% below agreed TAC (233 kt).
In 2006 it was decided to include reported Norwegian landings of haddock from the Norwegian statistical areas 06 and 07 (i.e. between 62°N and Lofoten Islands). These areas were not previously included in the total landings of NEA haddock as input for this stock assessment (ICES CM 2006/ACFM:19; ICES CM 2006/ACFM:25).
Estimates of unreported catches (IUU catches) of haddock have been added to reported landings for the years from 2002 to 2008. Two estimates of IUU catches were available, one Norwegian and one Russian. At the benchmark in 2011 it was decided to base the final assessment on the Norwegian IUU estimates (ICES CM 2011/ACOM:38; Table 4.1).
We continue to include the estimates of IUU catches 2002–2008. The IUU catches are assumed to be negligible for the period 2009–2021 and therefore set to zero.
4.2.3 - Catch advice and TAC for 2022
The catch advice for 2022 was 179 kt and the Joint Norwegian-Russian Fisheries Commission set the TAC in accordance with the HCR. Furthermore, Russia and Norway can transfer the unused part of their own quota, restricted to a maximum of 10% of own quotas from 2021 to 2022.
4.3 - Status of research
4.3.1 - Survey results
Russia provided indices for 1982–2015 and 2017 for the Barents Sea trawl and acoustic survey (TAS) which was carried out in October–December (FLT01, RU-BTr-Q4). The survey was discontinued in 2018.
The Joint Barents Sea winter survey provides two index series used for tuning and recruitment forecast (bottom trawl: FLT02, NoRu-BTr-Q1 and acoustics: FLT04, NoRu-Aco-Q1). The survey area has been extended from 2014 with additional northern areas (N) covered. The extended area is now included in total and standard survey index calculations for haddock (WKDEM 2020). Overall, this survey tracks both strong and poor year classes well. The indices from the Joint winter survey of cod and haddock in the Barents Sea are provided in the annual survey reports from this survey (e.g., Fall et al 2022). The spatial survey coverage in 2022 was good. Note that since the AFWG 2021 was conducted, minor errors were discovered in the winter survey indices for 2021 (both acoustic and bottom trawl). The current assessment uses the corrected indices. The report from the 2022 survey (Fall et al in prep) will provide the correct indices back in time.
The Joint Barents Sea ecosystem survey provides indices by age from bottom trawl data (FLT007, Eco-NoRu-Q3 Btr) used for tuning and recruitment forecast. At the benchmark in 2011 it was decided to include this survey as tuning series. Tuning indices by age from the Joint ecosystem survey is calculated using the BIOFOX programme (Prozorkevich and Gjøsæter 2014). The survey coverage of the haddock distribution in 2022 was relatively good.
The survey indices for ages used in tuning can be found in Table 4.9, and the survey indices used in recruitment forecast can be found in Table 4.16.
4.4 - Data used in the assessment
4.4.1 - Catch-at-age (Table 4.4)
Age and length composition of the landings in 2021 were available from Norway and Russia in Subarea 1 and Division 2.b, and from Norway, Russia, and Germany in Division 2.a. The biological sampling of NEA haddock catches is considered good for the most important ages in the fisheries.
Relevant data of estimated catch-at-age was obtained from InterCatch for the period 2008–2020 and is presented together with historical values from 1950–2007 in Table 4.4. For the 2021 catch data allocation, instead of InterCatch, the same algoritm was realized in Excel. Excel was used for comparison with InterCatch in 2008-2002, and no differences between InterCatch and Excel allocations were detected.
4.4.2 - Catch-weight-at-age (Table 4.5)
The mean weight-at-age in the catch was obtained as a weighted average of the weight-at-age in the catch from Norway, Russia and Germany.
4.4.3 - Stock-weight-at-age (Table 4.6)
Since 1983 the stock weights-at-age (Table 4.6) are calculated using the average of the weight-at-age estimate from the Joint Barents Sea winter survey and the Russian bottom trawl survey. These averages are assumed to give representative values for the beginning of the year (see stock annex for details). However, the Russian bottom trawl survey has been discontinued and therefor stock weights-at-age were calculated using a correction factor (WKDEM 2020). Since the benchmark in 2006 stock weight at age has been smoothed (ICES 2006, see stock annex for details).
4.4.4 - Maturity-at-age (Table 4.7)
Since the benchmark 2006, smoothed estimates were produced separately for the Russian autumn survey and the Joint winter survey and then combined using arithmetic average. These averages are assumed to give representative values for the beginning of the year. However, the Russian bottom trawl survey has been discontinued and therefore stock weights-at-age were calculated using a correction factor (see WKDEM 2020 and stock annex).
4.4.5 - Natural mortality (Table 4.8)
Natural mortality used in the assessment was 0.2. For ages 3–6 mortality predation by cod is added (see stock annex). For the period from 1984 and onwards actual estimates of predation by cod was used. For the years 1950–1983 the average natural mortality for 1984–2020 was used (age groups 3–6). Estimated mortality from predation by cod in this year’s assessment is based on the ‘final run’ cod assessment. The proportion of F and M before spawning was set to zero.
4.4.6 - Data for tuning (Table 4.9)
The following survey series are included in the data for tuning, the last age for all surveys is the plus group. Data are lacking (no survey) for FLT01 in 2016, and for FLT007 in 2018 (not included due to poor coverage).
Name
Acronym
Place
Season
Age
Year
prior weight
FLT01: Russian bottom trawl
RU-BTr-Q4
Barents Sea
October–December
3–8+
1991–2017
1
FLT02: Joint Barents Sea survey–acoustic
BS-NoRU-Q1(Aco)
Barents Sea
February– March
3–9+
1993–2022
1
FLT04: Joint Barents Sea survey–bottom trawl
BS-NoRu-Q1 (BTr)
Barents Sea
February– March
3–10+
1994–2022
1
FLT007: Joint Russian-Norwegian ecosystem autumn survey in the Barents Sea–bottom trawl
Eco-NoRu-Q3 (Btr)
Barents Sea
August–September
3–9+
2004–2021
1
4.4.7 - Changes in data from last year (Table 4.6–Table 4.7, Table 4.9)
At the benchmark (WKDEM 2020) it was decided that historic values (1950–1993) of stock weight and maturity should not be updated in the following years. Due to the smoothing procedure (see stock annex) the stock weight and maturity at age back to 1994 are updated every year.
Natural mortality includes cod predation for the ages 3–6. The data from 1984 and onwards are updated every year after the update of the cod assessment. The averages used for the historic period (1950–1983) were updated and used in the assessment.
4.5 - Assessment models and settings (Table 4.10)
At the benchmark in 2020 it was decided to continue using the SAM model as the main model.
The SAM configuration was revised during the benchmark in 2020. The main changes to the configuration were to include:
1) age group 3 in the winter survey indices (Fleet 02 and 04),
2) plus group in all survey series (new option in SAM),
3) prediction variance link for the observation variances (new option in SAM, Breivik et al., 2021) 4) correlation structure in observation variance for the surveys (Berg and Nielsen, 2016).
The configuration, settings and tuning of SAM that were decided on during the benchmark (WKDEM 2020) were used in the current assessment. The configuration file is given in Table 4.10 and in the stock annex.
XSA, with revised settings, will be used as additional model for comparison. This year the TISVPA model is also used as an additional model for comparison.
4.6 - Results of the assessment (Table 4.11–Table 4.14 and Figure 4.1–Figure 4.3)
The dominating feature of the assessment is that the stock reached an all-time high level around 2011 due to the strong 2004–2006 year-classes, and since declined (Table 4.11; Figure 4.1)
Fishing mortality has increased since 2013 (Table 4.12), and the estimate of fishing mortality of main ages (4–7) has been above FMSY = 0.35 since 2018.
The SSB has decreased since the peak in 2013. The estimate for 2022 is 217kt and well above MSY Btrigger = 80 kt (Figure 4.1).
The residuals and retrospective patterns are shown in Figure 4.2 and 4.3.
4.7 - Comparison with last year’s assessment (Figure 4.4)
The text table below compares this year’s estimates with last year’s estimates. Compared to last year the current estimates of the total stock (TSB) in 2021 is 3% higher , whereas the spawning stock (SSB) estimate is almost the same. The Fbar in 2020 is estimated as the same as the Fbar for 2020 estimated last year. Estimates for all ages except ages 7, 8 and 10 were higher or identical to last year’s assessment. Ratios are calculated on original numbers (not rounded as shown in table)
The Extended Survivors Analysis (XSA) was used to tune the VPA by available index series. As last years, FLR was used for the assessment of haddock (see stock annex), and thus all results concerning XSA are obtained using FLR. The settings used were the same as set in the benchmark in 2015 (WKARCT 2015). At this meeting the comparison confirmed that usage XSA with survivor estimate shrinkage 0.5 gave similar result to the estimates from SAM.
The estimated consumption of NEA haddock by NEA cod is incorporated into the XSA analysis by first constructing a catch number-at-age matrix, adding the numbers of haddock eaten by cod to the catches for the years where such data are available (1984–2021). The summary of XSA stock estimates with shrinkage value 0.5 are presented in Table 4.15. A retrospective estimate for XSA gave same signals as for main model SAM (Figure 4.5).
4.8.2 - TISVPA (Figure 4.5)
The TISVPA (Triple Instantaneous Separable VPA) model (Vasilyev, 2005; 2006) represents fishing mortality coefficients (more precisely – exploitation rates) as a product of three parameters: f(year)*s(age)*g(cohort). The generation‐dependent parameters, which are estimated within the model, are intended to adapt traditional separable representation of fishing mortality to situations when several year classes may have peculiarities in their interaction with fishing fleets caused by different spatial distribution, higher attractiveness of more abundant schools to fishers, or by some other reasons. The TISVPA model was presented at benchmark group for arctic stocks (WKARCT) in 2015 and it was decided to apply to NEA haddock using the same data as SAM except that natural mortality values from cannibalism were taken from the SAM runs. All the input data, including catch-at-age, weight-at-age in stock and in catches, maturity-at-age were the same as used in SAM. Generally, the biomass estimates of this model were higher than SAM estimates, which can be explained by different assumptions about catchability of indices. The retrospective pattern for TISVPA shows the same trends as both the SAM and XSA models (Figure 4.5).
4.8.3 - Model comparisons (Figure 4.6)
Results from SAM, XSA and TISVPA are compared in Figure 4.6. Comparison of results of SAM, TISVPA and XSA with previous year settings shows that the models estimate similar trends. The TSVPA model is more flexible for settings than the others and taking into account a possible decrease in survey data consistency, it was attempted to do tuning of surveys not at abundance but to age proportions because the probable change in effective survey catchability.
4.9 - Predictions, reference points and harvest control rules (Table 4.16–Table 4.21)
4.9.1 - Recruitment (Table 4.16–Table 4.17)
SAM was used to estimate the recruitment at age 3 of the 2019 year-class in 2022. The RCT3 program translation in R was used to estimate the recruiting year classes 2020–2021 in 2023 and 2024 with survey data from the ecosystem survey and winter survey (acoustics and bottom trawl). Input data and results are shown in Tables 4.16 and 4.17, respectively.
The text table below shows the recruitment estimates for the year classes 2004–2021 from assessments and RCT3 forecasts (shaded cells). Overall, there is good agreement with the year-class strength estimates from RCT3 and the assessments (r=0.96), and the estimate the first year the year-class was assessed was on average 84% of the initial RCT3 estimate (year-classes 2005-2019. In the most recent years, it is noticeable that the 2018 year-class was less than 50% of the initial RCT3 estimate.
Year Class
Year of assessment, base model
2008 XSA
2009 XSA
2010 XSA
2011 XSA
2012 XSA
2013 XSA
2014 XSA
2015 XSA
2015 SAM
2016 SAM
2017 SAM
2018 SAM
2019 SAM
2020 SAM
2021 SAM
2022 SAM
2004
665
668
610
765
743
725
698
768
687
930
898
869
879
557
543
546
2005
943
975
1029
1193
1301
1317
1303
1415
996
1456
1330
1241
1251
1149
1113
1118
2006
832
1036
811
1057
1187
1264
1267
1366
827
1254
1083
1027
1030
1063
1025
1032
2007
202
208
212
284
330
370
384
411
211
355
307
305
308
249
241
242
2008
149
101
120
151
155
169
178
89
157
107
109
110
122
117
119
2009
303
315
320
345
357
363
230
351
294
291
293
356
340
344
2010
188
146
137
146
150
100
133
105
105
106
124
119
120
2011
483
513
482
398
298
397
340
329
332
425
411
415
2012
124
145
104
78
73
79
70
68
75
72
73
2013
394
290
197
235
184
174
177
219
213
215
2014
279
198
247
189
146
148
202
194
198
2015
422
398
333
336
384
368
370
2016
1067
933
930
875
822
831
2017
577
629
497
442
449
2018
344
294
154
164
2019
39
31
38
2020
95
89
2021
303
4.9.2 - Prediction data (Table 4.18, Figure 4.7)
The input data for the prediction are presented in Table 4.18.
Stock numbers for 2022–2023 at age 3 are taken from RCT3, and abundance-at-ages 3–13+ in 2021 from the SAM assessment. The average fishing pattern observed in 2019–2021 scaled to F in 2021 was used for distribution of fishing mortality-at-age for 2022–2024 (Figure 4.7). The proportion of M and F before spawning was set to 0.
Input data to projection of weight at age in the stock, weight at age in the catch, maturity and mortality followed the stock annex.
4.9.3 - Biomass reference points (Figure 4.1)
Biological and fisheries reference points for NEA haddock were last set following a thorough analysis as part of the WKNEAMP-2 (ICES, 2016) Harvest Control Rule evaluation in 2016. The revised model developed during the 2020 benchmark produced better fits to the data but only a small change in the reconstructed stock (WKDEM 2020). A brief analysis at WKDEM 2020 indicated that the reference points from the current model are very similar to the previously estimated values. Given the more thorough analysis at WKNEAMP-2 (ICES, 2016), this is taken as indicating that there was no evidence to deviate from the reference points set in 2016.
At the last benchmark (WKDEM 2020) it was proposed to keep Blim = 50 000 t and Bpa = 80 000 t with the rationale that Blim is equal to Bloss, and Bpa = Blim*exp (1.645*σ), where σ = 0.3. This gives a 95% probability of maintaining SSB above Blim taking into account the uncertainty in the assessments and stock dynamics. BMSY trigger was proposed equal Bpa, Btrigger was then selected as a biomass that is encountered with low probability if FMSY is implemented, as recommended by WKFRAME2 (ICES CM 2011/ACOM:33). Values of reference points compared with current stock values are reflected in Figure 4.1.
Biological and fisheries reference points for NEA haddock were last set following a thorough analysis as part of the WKNEAMP-2 (ICES, 2016) Harvest Control Rule evaluation in 2016. The revised model developed during the 2020 benchmark produced better fits to the data but only a small change in the reconstructed stock (WKDEM 2020). A brief analysis at WKDEM 2020 indicated that the reference points from the current model are very similar to the previously estimated values. Given the more thorough analysis at WKNEAMP-2 (ICES, 2016), this is taken as indicating that there was no evidence to deviate from the reference points set in 2016.
There is no standard method of estimating Flim nor Fpa, and ACOM accepted to use geometric mean recruitment (146 million) and Blim as basis for the Flim estimate. Flim is then based on the slope of line from origin at SSB = 0 to the geometric mean recruitment (146 million) and SSB = Blim. The SPR value of this slope give Flim value on SPR curve; Flim = 0.77 (found using Pasoft). Using the same approach as for Bpa; Fpa = Flim*exp(-1.645*σ) = 0.47.
FMSY = 0.35 has been estimated by long-term stochastic simulations. Values of reference points compared with current stock values are reflected in Figure 4.1.
The estimates of cod’s consumption of haddock were revised following the cod benchmark in early 2021. At the AFWG 2021 meeting, the haddock FMSY was checked with the new updated mortality estimates and found to still be valid and precautionary.
4.9.5 - Harvest control rule
The harvest control rule (HCR) was evaluated by ICES in 2007 (ICES CM 2007/ACFM:16) and found to be in agreement with the precautionary approach. The agreed HCR for haddock with last modifications is as follows (Protocol of the 40th Session of The Joint Norwegian Russian Fisheries Commission (JNRFC), 14 October 2011):
TAC for the next year will be set at level corresponding to FMSY.
The TAC should not be changed by more than +/- 25% compared with the previous year TAC.
If the spawning stock falls below Bpa, the procedure for establishing TAC should be based on a fishing mortality that is linearly reduced from FMSY at Bpa to F = 0 at SSB equal to zero. At SSB-levels below Bpa in any of the operational years (current year and a year ahead) there should be no limitations on the year-to-year variations in TAC.
As mentioned above Flim and Fpa were revised in 2011. The new values of Flim = 0.77 and Fpa = 0.47 are higher than the previous values (0.49 and 0.35, respectively). In the 2012 meeting of the JNRFC the proposals of ICES were accepted, and the current HCR management is based on FMSY instead of Fpa. This corresponds to the goal of the management strategy for this stock and should provide maximum sustainable yield.
In 2014, JNRFC decided that from 2015 onwards, Norway and Russia can transfer to next year or borrow from last year maximum 10% of the country’s quota. At its 45th session in October 2015, the Joint Norwegian-Russian Fisheries Commission (JNRFC) decided that a number of alternative harvest control rules (HCRs) for Northeast Arctic haddock should be evaluated by ICES. This was done by WKNEAMP (ICES 2015b/ACOM:60, ICES C. M. 2016/ACOM:47). Six HCRs for NEA haddock including the existing one were tested. At its 46th session in October 2016, the JNRFC decided not to change the HCR.
4.9.6 - Prediction results and catch options for 2021 (Table 4.19–Table 4.21)
The projection shows a slight increase in SSB from 216 kt in 2022 to 232 kt in 2023 (Table 4.19). TAC constraint F is used for 2022. The TAC for 2023 is established using the current one-year HCR, in accordance to the management plan. FMSY = 0.35 would give a quota for 2023 of 170 kt, this is a 5% decrease from the TAC and advice for 2022.
Catch options for 2023 are shown in the text table below (weights in tonnes).
Basis
Total catch (2023)
F ages 4−7 (2023)
SSB (2024)
% SSB change *
% TAC change **
% Advice change ***
Advice basis
Management plan
170 067
0
205 549
-11
-5
-5
Other scenarios
MSY approach: FMSY
170 067
0.35
205 549
-11
-5
-5
F = 0
0
0.00
321 974
39
-100
-100
F = F2022
151 269
0.30
218 188
-6
-15
-15
Fpa
213 495
0.47
176 638
-24
20
20
Flim
298 284
0.77
121 687
-48
67
67
* SSB 2024 relative to SSB 2023.
** Catch in 2023 relative to TAC in 2022 (178532 t)
*** Catch value for 2023 relative to advice value for 2022 (178532 t)
Detailed information about expected catches by following HCR in 2023 and 2024 is given in Table 4.20. The forecast covers all catches. It is then implied that all types of catches are to be counted against this TAC.
4.9.7 - Comments to the assessment and predictions (Figure 4.2–Figure 4.4)
Haddock was benchmarked in 2020 (WKDEM 2020). The motivation for the benchmark was the poor retrospective (text table below). The retrospective biases were greatly improved after the benchmark. The retrospective biases from this year’s assessment for SSB, TSB and F were reduced compared to AFWG 2021.
Retrospective bias (Mohn’s Rho), 5-year peel
R
SSB
F
TSB
AFWG 2018
−3%
24%
−7%
14%
AFWG 2019
−5%
18%
−7%
7%
WKDEM 2020
−2%
3%
−3%
1%
AFWG 2020
−4%
−3%
0%
−5%
AFWG 2021
1%
6%
−7%
3%
AFWG 2022
-2%
5%
-6%
1%
A jitter analysis performed to verify that the SAM model is not sensitive to starting values ,, revealed no problems (see Breivik et al 2021 for details on jitter analysis). The one step ahead residuals showed no clear pattern (Figure 4.2). The retrospective The retrospective biases for F, SSB, RSB and R (absolute values) are <7% (Figure 4.3). Overall, adding a year of data confirmed the trend from last year’s assessment. To conclude, no obvious problems with the 2022 assessment were detected.
According to this year’s assessment, the 2016 year-class is the sixth strongest year class in the time-series back to 1950. The 2017 year-class is close to average, whereas the 2018 year-class is weak, and the 2019 year-class is the weakest since the 1987 year-class. The 2020 year-class is predicted to be well below average, whereas the 2021 year-class is predicted to be above average.
The strong 2016 year-class is now dominating the spawning stock and catches (48% of the catches in biomass in 2021) and will continue to do so for the coming years. The stock is declining and expected to continue to decline in the next years, since the incoming year-classes are weak.
Fbar(4-7) has been above Fmsy from 2018 and onwards, meaning that the quotas for 2018-2021 have been set too high. The assessments from 2017 to 2019 on which the TAC advice for 2018-2020 were based, had large positive retrospective biases for TSB and SSB (see text table above), implying that the stock sizes were overestimated. The retrospective bias was reduced after the revision at the 2020 benchmark (WKDEM 2020).
Only 88% of 2021 TAC was taken. One possible reason is that the advice and quota was set too high, due to lower catch weights of ages 3-7 compared to the forecast, e.g. the catch weight at age 5 (2016 year-class) was 16% lower than predicted by AFWG in 2020. The 2016 year-class accounted for more than half of the individuals caught in 2021 ( 54%) and thus the weight of this year-class in the catches had the greatest impact on the yield. As a result, a given catch in tons required more individuals had to be caught, and hence a higher effort from the fishing fleet. The discrepancy between forecast and catch statistics can be explained by a larger proportion of the catches being taken in ICES Area I in 2021 compared to earlier years (Table 4.2). This eastern area is colder compared to the western Barents Sea and here size at age tends to be smaller.
As most of the 2016 year-class will be spawning in 2022 and 2023, moving into warmer waters in western Barents Sea, we expect the fishing fleet to follow, and that the catch weight at age in the forecast and in the catch statistics will be more similar in the coming years.
4.10 - References
ICES 2020. Report of the Arctic Fisheries Working Group (AFWG). ICES Scientific Reports. 2:52. 577 pp.
Berg CW and NielsenA. 2016. Accounting for correlated observations in an age-based state-space stock assessment model. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 73: 1788–1797.
Breivik ON, Nielsen A and CW Berg (2021). Prediction–variance relation in a state-space fish stock assessment model. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 78, 3650–3657
Fall et al 2022. Fish investigations in the Barents Sea winter 2021. IMR-PINRO Joint Report Series 1 2022, 100 pp.
ICES 2006a. ICES Workshop on Biological Reference Points for North East Arctic Haddock (WKHAD). Svanhovd, Norway, 6-10 March 2006. ICES C.M. 2006/ACFM:19, 102 pp.
ICES 2006b. Report of the Arctic Fisheries Working Group, 19-28 April. 2006. ICES C.M. 2006/ACFM:25, 594 pp.
ICES 2011. Report of the Benchmark Workshop on Roundfish and Pelagic Stocks, Lisbon 24-31 January 2011. ICES C.M. 2011/ACOM:38, 418 pp.
ICES 2015a. Report of the first Workshop on Management Plan Evaluation on Northeast Arctic cod and haddock and Barents Sea capelin ( WKNEAMP-1) , , . ICES CM 2015/ACOM:60, 27 pp.
ICES. 2015b. Report of the Benchmark Workshop on Arctic Stocks (WKARCT), 26-30 January 2015, ICES Headquarters, Denmark. ICES CM 2015\ACOM:31. 126 pp.
ICES 2016. Report of the second Workshop on Management Plan Evaluation on Northeast Arctic cod and haddock and Barents Sea capelin (WKNEAMP-2) , 25-28 January 2016, Kirkenes, Norway. ICES CM 2016/ACOM:47, 76 pp.
Prozorkevich D and Gjøsæter H 2014. WD_02 cod BESS_assessment. AFWG 2014.
Vasilyev D. 2005 Key aspects of robust fish stock assessment. M: VNIRO Publishing, 2005. 105 p.
Vasilyev D. 2006. Change in catchability caused by year class peculiarities: how stockassessment based on separable cohort models is able to take it into account? (Some illustrations for triple‐separable case of the ISVPA model ‐ TISVPA). ICES CM 2006/O:18. 35 pp
Table 4.1. Northeast Arctic haddock. Total nominal catch (t) by fishing areas.
1) Provisional figures
2) Figures based on Norwegian/Russian IUU estimates. From 2009, IUU estimates are made by a Joint Russian-Norwegian analysis group under the Russian-Norwegian Fisheries Commission.
3) In 2002–2008, the Norwegian IUU estimates were used in final assessment.
4) Included in total landings and in landings in region 2.a.
Subarea 1
Division 2.a
Division 2.b
Unreported2
Year
Trawl
Others
Trawl
Others
Trawl
Others
1967
73.7
34.3
20.5
7.5
0.4
-
-
1968
98.1
42.9
31.4
8.6
0.7
-
-
1969
41.4
47.8
33.2
7.1
1.3
-
-
1970
37.4
23.2
20.6
6.5
0.5
-
-
1971
27.5
29.2
15.1
6.7
0.4
-
-
1972
193.9
27.9
34.5
7.6
2.2
-
-
1973
242.9
42.8
14
9.5
13.1
-
-
1974
133.1
25.9
39.9
7.1
15.1
-
-
1975
103.5
18.2
34.6
9.7
9.7
-
-
1976
77.7
16.4
28.1
9.5
5.6
-
-
1977
57.6
14.6
19.9
8.6
9.5
-
-
1978
53.9
10.1
15.7
14.8
1
-
-
1979
47.8
16
20.3
18.9
0.6
-
-
1980
30.5
23.7
14.8
18.9
0.1
-
-
1981
18.8
17.7
21.6
18.5
0.5
-
-
1982
11.6
11.5
23.9
13.5
-
-
-
1983
3.6
2.2
8.7
8.2
0.2
1.7
-
1984
1.6
1.3
7.6
9.1
0.1
1.2
-
1985
24.4
3.5
6.2
8.1
0.1
2.6
-
1986
51.7
10.1
14
15.8
0.8
8.3
-
1987
79
18.1
23
18.1
3
13.8
-
1988
28.7
16.4
34.3
15.3
0.6
0
-
1989
20
9.7
13.5
15
0.3
0
-
1990
4.4
8.9
5.1
8.2
0.6
0
-
1991
9
8.9
8.9
8.9
0.2
0.2
-
1992
21.3
9.6
11.9
16.1
1
0
-
1993
35.3
11.6
14.5
17.9
3
0
-
1994
58.6
18.2
26.1
24.3
7.9
0.2
-
1995
63.9
12
29.6
23.8
12.1
1
-
1996
98.3
14.4
36.5
25.2
3.4
0.3
-
1997
57.4
20.7
44.9
28.6
2.5
0.3
-
1998
26
19.6
27.1
26.9
0.7
0.3
-
1999
29.4
8.9
19.1
21.8
4
0.1
-
2000
20.1
5.9
18.8
20.4
3.7
0.1
-
2001
28.4
6.7
23.4
23.8
7
0.3
-
2002
30.5
10.2
19.5
23.3
12.5
0.1
18.7/5.3
2003
42.7
10.9
21.9
21.7
8.1
0.4
33.2/9.4
2004
52.4
12.5
27
20.5
11.5
0.6
33.8/8.7
2005
38.5
15
24.9
20.9
13
1.6
40.3/9.9
2006
40.1
11
22
25.3
30.1
3.2
21.5/8.9
2007
51.8
11.1
30.5
27.7
20.4
5.5
14.6/3.1
2008
46.8
11.6
30.9
29.3
24.9
6.3
5.8/-
2009
49
8.8
40.1
25.3
67.1
7.8
0
2010
43.6
19
50
35.7
87
10.4
0
2011
55.8
31.1
61.1
38.9
107.7
14.3
0
2012
58.8
31.3
57.5
39.2
103.2
24.8
0
2013
40.1
28.3
37.7
26.9
52.1
8.1
0
2014
35.2
26.3
32.5
25.8
49
8.6
0
2015
49.1
26.1
34.6
27
48.5
9.4
0
2016
56.4
22.3
62.5
32.5
45.4
14.1
0
2017
65
29.8
50.7
24.7
47.1
10.3
0
2018
51.7
29.2
36.9
21.6
43.2
8.6
0
2019
53.9
33.5
30.4
20.4
31.0
5.9
0
2020
66.7
31.6
35.1
22.3
23.2
3.5
0
20211)
81.4
28.5
41.0
17.0
31.0
5.8
0
Table 4.2. Northeast Arctic haddock. Total nominal catch (‘000 t) by trawl and other gear for each area.
1) Provisional
2) Figures based on Norwegian/Russian IUU estimates.
Year
Faroe Islands
France
GDR (–1990) & Greenland (1992–)
Germany
Norway4
Poland
UK
Russia2
Others
Total3
1960
172
-
-
5597
46263
-
45469
57025
125
154651
1961
285
220
-
6304
60862
-
39650
85345
558
193224
1962
83
409
-
2895
54567
-
37486
91910
58
187408
1963
17
363
-
2554
59955
-
19809
63526
-
146224
1964
-
208
-
1482
38695
-
14653
43870
250
99158
1965
-
226
-
1568
60447
-
14345
41750
242
118578
1966
-
1072
11
2098
82090
-
27723
48710
74
161778
1967
-
1208
3
1705
51954
-
24158
57346
23
136397
1968
-
-
-
1867
64076
-
40129
75654
-
181726
1969
2
-
309
1490
67549
-
37234
24211
25
130820
1970
541
-
656
2119
37716
-
20423
26802
-
88257
1971
81
-
16
896
45715
43
16373
15778
3
78905
1972
137
-
829
1433
46700
1433
17166
196224
2231
266153
1973
1212
3214
22
9534
86767
34
32408
186534
2501
322226
1974
925
3601
454
23409
66164
3045
37663
78548
7348
221157
1975
299
5191
437
15930
55966
1080
28677
65015
3163
175758
1976
536
4459
348
16660
49492
986
16940
42485
5358
137264
1977
213
1510
144
4798
40118
-
10878
52210
287
110158
1978
466
1411
369
1521
39955
1
5766
45895
38
95422
1979
343
1198
10
1948
66849
2
6454
26365
454
103623
1980
497
226
15
1365
66501
-
2948
20706
246
92504
1981
381
414
22
2402
63435
Spain
1682
13400
-
81736
1982
496
53
-
1258
43702
-
827
2900
-
49236
1983
428
-
1
729
22364
139
259
680
-
24600
1984
297
15
4
400
18813
37
276
1103
-
20945
1985
424
21
20
395
21272
77
153
22690
-
45052
1986
893
12
75
1079
52313
22
431
45738
-
100563
1987
464
7
83
3105
72419
59
563
78211
5
154916
1988
1113
116
78
1323
60823
72
435
31293
2
95255
1989
1217
-
26
171
36451
1
590
20062
-
58518
1990
705
-
5
167
20621
-
494
5190
-
27182
1991
1117
-
Greenland
213
22178
-
514
12177
17
36216
1992
1093
151
1719
387
36238
38
596
19699
1
59922
1993
546
1215
880
1165
40978
76
1802
35071
646
82379
1994
2761
678
770
2412
71171
22
4673
51822
877
135186
1995
2833
598
1097
2675
76886
14
3111
54516
718
142448
1996
3743
6
1510
942
94527
669
2275
74239
217
178128
1997
3327
540
1877
972
103407
364
2340
41228
304
154359
1998
1903
241
854
385
75108
257
1229
20559
94
100630
1999
1913
64
437
641
48182
652
694
30520
92
83195
2000
631
178
432
880
42009
502
747
22738
827
68944
2001
1210
324
553
554
49067
1497
1068
34307
1060
89640
2002
1564
297
858
627
52247
1505
1125
37157
682
114798
2003
1959
382
1363
918
56485
1330
1018
41142
1103
138926
2004
2484
103
1680
823
62192
54
1250
54347
1569
158279
2005
2138
333
15
996
60850
963
1899
50012
1262
158298
2006
2390
883
1830
989
69272
703
1164
53313
1162
153157
2007
2307
277
1464
1123
71244
125
1351
66569
2511
161525
2008
2687
311
1659
535
72779
283
971
68792
1759
155604
2009
2820
529
1410
1957
104354
317
1315
85514
1845
200061
2010
3173
764
1970
3539
123384
379
1758
111372
2862
249201
2011
1759
268
2110
1724
158202
502
1379
139912
4763
310619
2012
2055
322
3984
1111
159602
441
833
143886
3393
315627
2013
1886
342
1795
500
99215
439
639
85668
3260
193744
2014
1470
198
1150
340
91306
187
355
78725
3791
177522
2015
2459
145
1047
124
95094
246
450
91864
3327
194756
2016
2460
340
1401
170
108718
200
575
115710
3838
233412
2017
2776
108
1810
170
113132
228
372
106714
2279
227588
2018
2333
183
1317
385
93839
169
453
90486
2111
191276
2019
1515
143
1208
204
93860
280
456
76125
1611
175402
2020
1392
96
910
282
88108
45
320
89030
2286
182468
20211)
1722
105
1101
365
100673
13
78
98296
2390
204743
Table 4.3 Northeast Arctic haddock. Nominal catch (t) by countries. Subarea 1 and divisions 2.a and 2.b combined. (Data provided by Working Group members).
1) Provisional figures., 2) USSR prior to 1991. , 3) Figures based on Norwegian IUU estimates in 2002–2008 (see table 4.1), 4) Included landings in Norwegian statistical areas 06 and 07 (from 1983)
Table 4.6a. Northeast Arctic haddock. Stock weights-at-age (kg). The data from 1950–1993 is unchanged AFWG 2019, the data from 1994 and onward have been updated this year.
Year
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
1994
0.025
0.106
0.251
0.504
0.938
1.648
2.172
2.7
2.852
2.818
2.979
3.624
4.181
1995
0.032
0.113
0.262
0.471
0.796
1.312
2.115
2.634
3.166
3.296
3.213
3.164
3.938
1996
0.032
0.141
0.279
0.487
0.745
1.134
1.716
2.57
3.093
3.61
3.72
3.404
3.482
1997
0.034
0.141
0.344
0.513
0.768
1.061
1.492
2.124
3.022
3.53
4.026
3.871
3.721
1998
0.026
0.151
0.344
0.623
0.814
1.098
1.414
1.875
2.535
3.467
3.957
4.181
4.181
1999
0.027
0.12
0.364
0.628
0.971
1.156
1.448
1.774
2.265
2.957
3.888
4.111
4.471
2000
0.025
0.124
0.294
0.659
0.978
1.362
1.519
1.823
2.149
2.656
3.366
4.041
4.415
2001
0.021
0.111
0.306
0.539
1.025
1.362
1.765
1.906
2.206
2.54
3.051
3.545
4.342
2002
0.026
0.101
0.273
0.557
0.851
1.429
1.776
2.192
2.289
2.592
2.922
3.238
3.871
2003
0.026
0.118
0.248
0.504
0.875
1.202
1.846
2.192
2.611
2.697
2.979
3.12
3.56
2004
0.027
0.116
0.288
0.462
0.796
1.24
1.574
2.274
2.611
3.029
3.08
3.179
3.435
2005
0.019
0.121
0.284
0.529
0.735
1.134
1.62
1.97
2.703
3.044
3.444
3.282
3.497
2006
0.019
0.088
0.294
0.525
0.832
1.054
1.492
2.024
2.372
3.131
3.444
3.624
3.592
2007
0.021
0.088
0.22
0.543
0.832
1.179
1.397
1.875
2.422
2.777
3.539
3.624
3.938
2008
0.026
0.101
0.22
0.416
0.856
1.179
1.555
1.763
2.265
2.831
3.169
3.721
3.938
2009
0.027
0.118
0.248
0.412
0.666
1.209
1.546
1.938
2.138
2.656
3.243
3.358
4.041
2010
0.035
0.121
0.288
0.462
0.666
0.959
1.583
1.938
2.336
2.527
3.051
3.419
3.673
2011
0.032
0.152
0.296
0.535
0.735
0.953
1.281
1.98
2.336
2.736
2.909
3.253
3.738
2012
0.037
0.141
0.367
0.543
0.838
1.054
1.273
1.628
2.385
2.736
3.139
3.091
3.56
2013
0.033
0.162
0.34
0.669
0.856
1.186
1.397
1.619
1.982
2.791
3.124
3.328
3.404
2014
0.035
0.147
0.392
0.623
1.032
1.209
1.565
1.763
1.972
2.353
3.184
3.328
3.64
2015
0.033
0.152
0.354
0.706
0.964
1.439
1.593
1.948
2.138
2.341
2.717
3.373
3.64
2016
0.026
0.145
0.367
0.643
1.089
1.353
1.867
1.992
2.349
2.515
2.717
2.922
3.689
2017
0.025
0.118
0.35
0.669
0.998
1.509
1.765
2.298
2.385
2.75
2.909
2.908
3.223
2018
0.024
0.11
0.288
0.638
1.032
1.395
1.94
2.181
2.73
2.791
3.154
3.091
3.223
2019
0.024
0.108
0.271
0.529
0.991
1.439
1.806
2.382
2.599
3.16
3.198
3.343
3.404
2020
0.024
0.11
0.267
0.504
0.838
1.387
1.867
2.239
2.825
3.029
3.572
3.389
3.656
2021
NA
0.107
0.271
0.496
0.796
1.186
1.795
2.298
2.65
3.266
3.428
3.738
3.705
2022
NA
NA
0.262
0.5
0.785
1.134
1.555
2.227
2.73
3.086
3.669
3.608
4.058
Table 4.6b Northeast Arctic haddock. Stock weights-at-age (kg), updated from 1994 and onwards this year.
Year
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1950-1979
0.027
0.101
0.311
0.622
0.845
0.944
0.982
0.994
1980
0.026
0.076
0.243
0.649
0.86
0.95
0.984
0.995
1981
0.056
0.104
0.303
0.549
0.857
0.948
0.984
0.995
1982
0.053
0.161
0.332
0.577
0.77
0.947
0.983
0.995
1983
0.057
0.183
0.472
0.665
0.8
0.906
0.983
0.995
1984
0.044
0.196
0.51
0.801
0.862
0.921
0.967
0.995
1985
0.027
0.149
0.522
0.796
0.928
0.953
0.973
0.989
1986
0.021
0.103
0.454
0.758
0.928
0.977
0.984
0.991
1987
0.021
0.076
0.294
0.713
0.918
0.976
0.993
0.994
1988
0.025
0.074
0.24
0.576
0.898
0.975
0.993
0.998
1989
0.032
0.09
0.25
0.534
0.822
0.966
0.993
0.998
1990
0.046
0.127
0.305
0.578
0.798
0.937
0.99
0.997
1991
0.041
0.164
0.358
0.623
0.82
0.925
0.98
0.997
1992
0.03
0.147
0.449
0.704
0.855
0.936
0.976
0.994
1993
0.018
0.113
0.396
0.741
0.878
0.95
0.979
0.992
Table 4.7a. Northeast Arctic haddock. Proportion mature at age. The data from 1950-1993 is unchanged since AFWG 2019. Age 1-2 are 0, and ages 11-13+ set to 1 (not shown)
Year
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1994
0.028
0.085
0.266
0.63
0.839
0.939
0.957
0.956
1995
0.03
0.077
0.207
0.493
0.826
0.933
0.975
0.98
1996
0.032
0.081
0.187
0.411
0.718
0.926
0.972
0.989
1997
0.043
0.088
0.196
0.377
0.637
0.858
0.968
0.987
1998
0.043
0.12
0.214
0.394
0.605
0.804
0.93
0.985
1999
0.047
0.121
0.28
0.422
0.618
0.777
0.898
0.964
2000
0.035
0.13
0.283
0.516
0.648
0.79
0.88
0.945
2001
0.037
0.095
0.304
0.516
0.734
0.811
0.889
0.936
2002
0.031
0.101
0.229
0.545
0.737
0.871
0.901
0.941
2003
0.028
0.085
0.239
0.443
0.758
0.871
0.937
0.948
2004
0.033
0.075
0.207
0.461
0.668
0.885
0.937
0.968
2005
0.033
0.092
0.182
0.411
0.686
0.827
0.945
0.968
2006
0.035
0.091
0.221
0.374
0.637
0.838
0.911
0.972
2007
0.023
0.096
0.221
0.433
0.597
0.804
0.918
0.954
2008
0.023
0.064
0.231
0.433
0.661
0.773
0.898
0.957
2009
0.028
0.063
0.157
0.447
0.658
0.818
0.878
0.945
2010
0.033
0.075
0.157
0.328
0.672
0.818
0.907
0.935
2011
0.036
0.093
0.182
0.325
0.546
0.829
0.907
0.951
2012
0.048
0.096
0.224
0.374
0.542
0.732
0.913
0.951
2013
0.042
0.134
0.231
0.436
0.597
0.729
0.851
0.955
2014
0.052
0.12
0.307
0.447
0.665
0.773
0.848
0.918
2015
0.045
0.145
0.278
0.549
0.675
0.822
0.878
0.916
2016
0.048
0.126
0.331
0.512
0.764
0.831
0.908
0.934
2017
0.045
0.134
0.292
0.578
0.734
0.888
0.913
0.952
2018
0.033
0.124
0.307
0.53
0.784
0.868
0.947
0.955
2019
0.031
0.092
0.289
0.549
0.746
0.901
0.936
0.974
2020
0.031
0.085
0.224
0.526
0.764
0.879
0.955
0.968
2021
0.031
0.083
0.207
0.436
0.743
0.888
0.941
0.979
2022
0.03
0.084
0.202
0.411
0.661
0.877
0.947
0.97
Table 4.7b. Northeast Arctic haddock. Proportion mature at age. Data 1994-2022, Age 1-2 set to 0, and ages 11-13+ set to 1 (not shown)
Age
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Biomass
1984
2228.8
1022.2
15.3
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
55.7
1985
2019.2
1372.8
5.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
53.3
1986
92.7
598.9
224.1
168.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
109.2
1987
0.0
1061.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.8
1988
0.0
16.7
0.5
8.7
0.0
0.2
0.0
2.5
1989
21.2
221.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.9
1990
48.2
136.9
34.1
3.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
14.0
1991
0.0
354.3
12.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
15.6
1992
132.4
1743.6
123.5
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
88.1
1993
826.2
1444.1
143.8
32.2
3.1
2.6
0.0
69.5
1994
1350.6
1486.9
73.6
23.9
6.9
0.8
0.0
48.4
1995
182.1
2875.9
167.5
12.4
28.2
27.9
0.3
113.8
1996
359.9
1546.3
154.5
38.2
5.2
2.5
3.2
66.6
1997
0
946
39
26
2
1
1
44
1998
0
1736
28
2
3
0
0
36
1999
0
1041
25
0
0
0
0
30
2000
814
1413
72
2
1
0
0
58
2001
1051
595
53
5
0
0
0
51
2002
457
2444
241
40
2
0
0
127
2003
1145
3580
215
39
13
1
0
166
2004
5407
2871
305
40
10
2
0
199
2005
7738
6703
277
56
9
2
1
326
2006
12843
8447
377
6
4
1
0
362
2007
1216
10226
663
72
4
2
0
380
2008
1370
973
900
229
45
6
3
295
2009
5673
1875
277
264
70
22
2
255
2010
1991
5747
181
67
69
63
12
269
2011
2339
2648
455
56
76
87
19
281
2012
235
7193
135
108
15
7
4
221
2013
2175
1595
380
32
23
6
4
202
2014
1196
2010
141
28
2
1
0
88
2015
4985
2599
132
14
45
1
0
179
2016
8177
2688
281
23
2
8
2
225
2017
4702
7782
234
23
13
6
14
279
2018
2382
7129
597
67
7
1
0
281
2019
556
4621
421
125
9
0
0
218
2020
1979
522
81
61
77
4
0
92
2021
1084
323
86
6
5
1
0
28
Av.1984–2021
2020.4
2673.4
198.7
44.2
14.4
6.8
1.8
140.7
Table 4.8. Northeast Arctic haddock. Consumption of Haddock by NEA Cod (mln. spec) age 0–6, and total biomass ages 0–6 consumed.
Table 4.9. Northeast Arctic haddock. Survey indices for SAM tuning (see section 4.4.6). The last age is a plus group.
Table 4.10 Northeast Arctic haddock. SAM model configuration used. Updated at WKDEM 2020
#Configuration saved: Wed Feb 12 12:57:09 2020
# Where a matrix is specified rows corresponds to fleets and columns to ages.
# Same number indicates same parameter used
# Numbers (integers) starts from zero and must be consecutive
$minAge
# The minimum age class in the assessment
3
$maxAge
# The maximum age class in the assessment
13
$maxAgePlusGroup
# Is last age group considered a plus group for each fleet (1 yes, or 0 no).
1 1 1 1 1
$keyLogFsta
# Coupling of the fishing mortality states (nomally only first row is used).
0 1 2 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 5
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
$corFlag
# Correlation of fishing mortality across ages (0 independent, 1 compound symmetry, 2 AR(1), 3 separable AR(1).
2
$keyLogFpar
# Coupling of the survey catchability parameters (nomally first row is not used, as that is covered by fishing mortality).
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
0 1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
2 3 3 3 3 4 4 -1 -1 -1 -1
5 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 -1 -1 -1
8 9 9 9 9 9 9 -1 -1 -1 -1
$keyQpow
# Density dependent catchability power parameters (if any).
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
1 1 1 1 1 2 2 -1 -1 -1 -1
3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 -1 -1 -1
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 -1 -1 -1 -1
$keyVarF
# Coupling of process variance parameters for log(F)-process (nomally only first row is used)
0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
$keyVarLogN
# Coupling of process variance parameters for log(N)-process
0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
$keyVarObs
# Coupling of the variance parameters for the observations.
0 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 -1 -1 -1 -1
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 -1 -1 -1
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 -1 -1 -1 -1
$obsCorStruct
# Covariance structure for each fleet ("ID" independent, "AR" AR(1), or "US" for unstructured). | Possible values are: "ID" "AR" "US"
"ID" "AR" "AR" "AR" "AR"
$keyCorObs
# Coupling of correlation parameters can only be specified if the AR(1) structure is chosen above.
# NA's indicate where correlation parameters can be specified (-1 where they cannot).
#V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10
NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
0 1 1 1 2 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
3 3 3 3 3 4 -1 -1 -1 -1
5 5 5 5 5 6 6 -1 -1 -1
7 7 7 7 7 7 -1 -1 -1 -1
$stockRecruitmentModelCode
# Stock recruitment code (0 for plain random walk, 1 for Ricker, 2 for Beverton–Holt, and 3 piece-wise constant).
0
$noScaledYears
# Number of years where catch scaling is applied.
0
$keyScaledYears
# A vector of the years where catch scaling is applied.
$keyParScaledYA
# A matrix specifying the couplings of scale parameters (nrow = no scaled years, ncols = no ages).
$fbarRange
# lowest and higest age included in Fbar
4 7
$keyBiomassTreat
# To be defined only if a biomass survey is used (0 SSB index, 1 catch index, 2 FSB index, 3 total catch, 4 total landings and 5 TSB index).
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1
$obsLikelihoodFlag
# Option for observational likelihood | Possible values are: "LN" "ALN"
"LN" "LN" "LN" "LN" "LN"
$fixVarToWeight
# If weight attribute is supplied for observations this option sets the treatment (0 relative weight, 1 fix variance to weight).
0
$fracMixF
# The fraction of t(3) distribution used in logF increment distribution
0
$fracMixN
# The fraction of t(3) distribution used in logN increment distribution
0
$fracMixObs
# A vector with same length as number of fleets, where each element is the fraction of t(3) distribution used in the distribution of that fleet
0 0 0 0 0
$constRecBreaks
# This option is only used in combination with stock-recruitment code 3)
$predVarObsLink
# Coupling of parameters used in a mean-variance link for observations.
0 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 -1 -1 -1 -1
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 -1 -1 -1
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 -1 -1 -1 -1
Year
R(age 3)
Low
High
SSB
Low
High
Fbar
Low
High
TSB
Low
High
1950
71954
46160
112161
214279
192049
239082
0.757
0.640
0.895
387448
347900
431491
1951
662668
429436
1022572
126110
112047
141939
0.683
0.576
0.811
434923
341406
554056
1952
87684
56210
136781
101799
88941
116517
0.713
0.597
0.852
426462
340536
534068
1953
1236112
814474
1876024
120561
104157
139550
0.536
0.443
0.648
733249
561653
957269
1954
132692
85171
206726
174538
148014
205816
0.430
0.354
0.522
826604
653951
1044841
1955
58481
37134
92100
313360
267430
367179
0.447
0.371
0.539
847418
714270
1005387
1956
229412
146973
358093
367219
312961
430885
0.472
0.392
0.569
688366
591608
800948
1957
60191
38357
94452
253094
217114
295035
0.426
0.355
0.512
434424
377495
499938
1958
72727
46696
113271
181736
157983
209059
0.517
0.430
0.622
314993
277299
357810
1959
388917
256300
590152
125293
108818
144263
0.444
0.366
0.538
333079
274384
404329
1960
319617
209398
487852
112867
99564
127948
0.540
0.450
0.646
418492
349162
501588
1961
144191
94743
219445
124747
111163
139991
0.663
0.561
0.785
401510
349516
461237
1962
294721
194343
446943
125047
111195
140626
0.793
0.674
0.934
376236
324272
436527
1963
313728
208414
472257
94205
82955
106980
0.761
0.638
0.907
352837
295662
421068
1964
352219
232640
533263
84357
74141
95980
0.632
0.525
0.762
385078
319073
464736
1965
126309
82135
194241
103060
89956
118073
0.524
0.433
0.633
385804
326369
456061
1966
313027
205139
477656
145581
126799
167144
0.559
0.465
0.671
450542
385007
527232
1967
341917
223471
523142
151115
130284
175276
0.441
0.364
0.534
464355
390615
552016
1968
18033
11181
29084
168049
145535
194044
0.483
0.398
0.585
427102
362441
503298
1969
20492
12780
32859
167756
144118
195271
0.412
0.336
0.504
316603
271150
369674
1970
209907
135812
324426
155327
131740
183137
0.383
0.310
0.473
286808
241814
340175
1971
108513
69785
168732
127578
107522
151376
0.326
0.261
0.407
263234
223953
309405
1972
1066297
686314
1656659
128558
111671
147997
0.655
0.536
0.800
606115
458740
800835
1973
309863
204061
470519
125538
107980
145951
0.537
0.439
0.657
640625
514095
798295
1974
65777
42815
101054
153803
134044
176476
0.502
0.414
0.609
462914
399648
536194
1975
59215
38571
90908
195116
167179
227722
0.497
0.415
0.595
379238
329211
436866
1976
61657
39505
96230
196497
168938
228551
0.720
0.606
0.854
296463
259812
338284
1977
120878
76578
190806
118927
100298
141017
0.738
0.609
0.894
201470
172925
234726
1978
214299
141229
325173
81230
67275
98081
0.625
0.507
0.769
199293
164652
241223
1979
161196
105893
245381
62550
52626
74344
0.582
0.468
0.722
206358
171758
247928
1980
22214
13770
35836
62876
53385
74055
0.472
0.378
0.588
213181
178172
255069
1981
10373
6182
17404
72926
61649
86267
0.433
0.347
0.540
168442
142141
199610
1982
16685
10270
27106
68721
56827
83105
0.380
0.302
0.478
122845
102836
146747
1983
8517
5013
14472
58413
47945
71166
0.350
0.274
0.448
87912
73614
104988
1984
13170
8117
21369
53238
43378
65339
0.315
0.244
0.406
71782
59894
86028
1985
360421
236188
550001
49175
40893
59134
0.395
0.310
0.504
192100
141398
260982
1986
480423
315598
731331
54932
46581
64781
0.535
0.425
0.673
375571
295920
476661
1987
90168
58164
139782
77886
66612
91068
0.630
0.506
0.784
356991
298457
427006
1988
39086
24572
62172
79981
67314
95032
0.510
0.408
0.637
253784
215181
299311
1989
28690
17838
46145
84497
69604
102576
0.373
0.296
0.470
192911
161527
230393
1990
36995
23783
57547
85921
69888
105632
0.211
0.165
0.269
153556
128235
183876
1991
111064
78155
157832
100599
84419
119880
0.239
0.191
0.300
186577
159220
218635
1992
328345
233437
461840
111029
95914
128527
0.295
0.238
0.365
291072
244156
347003
1993
847060
614155
1168288
125586
110671
142511
0.317
0.258
0.390
525266
434289
635301
1994
398541
321655
493805
154808
138283
173307
0.372
0.307
0.451
651807
569635
745834
1995
101169
79053
129473
188058
167539
211090
0.298
0.250
0.355
646393
570710
732114
1996
100698
79043
128284
217720
194150
244150
0.365
0.310
0.429
559665
498603
628206
1997
120498
94753
153239
188657
168178
211630
0.444
0.376
0.525
402551
361525
448233
1998
63525
49193
82032
131664
116654
148606
0.451
0.378
0.539
267336
239682
298182
1999
151800
121599
189502
95277
84396
107561
0.463
0.384
0.557
234447
209286
262633
2000
83531
65493
106537
78591
69508
88860
0.341
0.280
0.417
215167
190291
243294
2001
369908
302935
451687
92000
82049
103159
0.367
0.305
0.442
320514
283381
362512
2002
397842
324975
487048
109706
97927
122903
0.353
0.294
0.425
437375
386388
495090
2003
342420
275510
425581
137919
123784
153669
0.425
0.359
0.503
508138
452684
570385
2004
262688
214934
321052
156548
140497
174432
0.388
0.330
0.457
495469
444528
552248
2005
369114
303533
448865
168006
150852
187110
0.404
0.344
0.475
512134
460213
569914
2006
158484
128452
195538
152111
136464
169553
0.369
0.313
0.436
439733
395317
489139
2007
546307
446462
668482
154138
138541
171491
0.385
0.326
0.456
505369
452460
564466
2008
1118238
923680
1353778
163581
145927
183371
0.316
0.264
0.379
739975
651077
841011
2009
1032328
855199
1246143
184743
164860
207025
0.261
0.218
0.312
998392
876484
1137257
2010
242169
197117
297516
250124
222925
280640
0.245
0.207
0.291
1130728
994342
1285821
2011
118630
94061
149618
358639
319475
402603
0.256
0.218
0.301
1180978
1046214
1333101
2012
343696
280562
421036
477985
422713
540483
0.221
0.187
0.260
1175395
1043301
1324215
2013
120201
95747
150901
525035
462748
595705
0.148
0.124
0.176
1005103
892555
1131843
2014
415161
340548
506123
524516
465653
590819
0.154
0.128
0.184
985764
884448
1098686
2015
73229
57412
93404
499511
448301
556572
0.189
0.158
0.225
877036
792009
971192
2016
214907
173580
266072
492548
442909
547750
0.259
0.219
0.307
807191
729705
892904
2017
197724
160085
244212
412857
373794
456002
0.349
0.296
0.412
707465
642413
779104
2018
370008
299579
456994
306676
276535
340103
0.402
0.340
0.475
620407
560008
687321
2019
831409
682866
1012264
237709
213456
264719
0.432
0.362
0.515
691820
616267
776635
2020
449467
366822
550732
204215
181387
229916
0.435
0.360
0.525
718196
633884
813723
2021
164246
128805
209438
199550
173606
229372
0.420
0.340
0.518
661365
575999
759381
2022
38431
25191
58630
216456
176604
265300
566427
466593
687622
Table 4.11. Northeast Arctic haddock. SAM model. Estimated recruitment, spawning-stock biomass (SSB), and average fishing mortality (Fbar ages 4.-7).
Year Age
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
1950
0.097
0.416
0.708
0.850
1.053
0.886
0.886
0.886
0.886
0.886
0.886
1951
0.086
0.361
0.618
0.773
0.981
0.886
0.886
0.886
0.886
0.886
0.886
1952
0.093
0.384
0.643
0.797
1.029
0.935
0.935
0.935
0.935
0.935
0.935
1953
0.067
0.284
0.473
0.586
0.801
0.738
0.738
0.738
0.738
0.738
0.738
1954
0.048
0.208
0.356
0.466
0.690
0.651
0.651
0.651
0.651
0.651
0.651
1955
0.046
0.200
0.368
0.503
0.716
0.603
0.603
0.603
0.603
0.603
0.603
1956
0.050
0.210
0.390
0.552
0.738
0.624
0.624
0.624
0.624
0.624
0.624
1957
0.047
0.198
0.367
0.493
0.646
0.549
0.549
0.549
0.549
0.549
0.549
1958
0.057
0.235
0.450
0.600
0.784
0.692
0.692
0.692
0.692
0.692
0.692
1959
0.059
0.229
0.408
0.520
0.619
0.567
0.567
0.567
0.567
0.567
0.567
1960
0.091
0.320
0.537
0.632
0.669
0.616
0.616
0.616
0.616
0.616
0.616
1961
0.119
0.409
0.683
0.782
0.780
0.694
0.694
0.694
0.694
0.694
0.694
1962
0.149
0.506
0.859
0.944
0.864
0.721
0.721
0.721
0.721
0.721
0.721
1963
0.134
0.474
0.810
0.914
0.845
0.681
0.681
0.681
0.681
0.681
0.681
1964
0.096
0.360
0.634
0.771
0.765
0.648
0.648
0.648
0.648
0.648
0.648
1965
0.076
0.291
0.511
0.636
0.656
0.567
0.567
0.567
0.567
0.567
0.567
1966
0.090
0.330
0.565
0.669
0.671
0.555
0.555
0.555
0.555
0.555
0.555
1967
0.072
0.268
0.446
0.515
0.536
0.465
0.465
0.465
0.465
0.465
0.465
1968
0.083
0.298
0.491
0.554
0.589
0.515
0.515
0.515
0.515
0.515
0.515
1969
0.079
0.268
0.428
0.469
0.482
0.416
0.416
0.416
0.416
0.416
0.416
1970
0.082
0.262
0.402
0.428
0.440
0.381
0.381
0.381
0.381
0.381
0.381
1971
0.073
0.233
0.350
0.354
0.366
0.324
0.324
0.324
0.324
0.324
0.324
1972
0.197
0.504
0.764
0.696
0.654
0.544
0.544
0.544
0.544
0.544
0.544
1973
0.206
0.493
0.649
0.531
0.477
0.380
0.380
0.380
0.380
0.380
0.380
1974
0.181
0.431
0.544
0.512
0.522
0.461
0.461
0.461
0.461
0.461
0.461
1975
0.200
0.462
0.547
0.493
0.487
0.417
0.417
0.417
0.417
0.417
0.417
1976
0.297
0.649
0.782
0.720
0.728
0.641
0.641
0.641
0.641
0.641
0.641
1977
0.335
0.722
0.856
0.717
0.657
0.557
0.557
0.557
0.557
0.557
0.557
1978
0.228
0.551
0.729
0.643
0.576
0.504
0.504
0.504
0.504
0.504
0.504
1979
0.161
0.443
0.673
0.653
0.556
0.502
0.502
0.502
0.502
0.502
0.502
1980
0.100
0.315
0.526
0.565
0.480
0.460
0.460
0.460
0.460
0.460
0.460
1981
0.084
0.273
0.473
0.542
0.444
0.429
0.429
0.429
0.429
0.429
0.429
1982
0.075
0.244
0.412
0.479
0.385
0.381
0.381
0.381
0.381
0.381
0.381
1983
0.078
0.247
0.388
0.427
0.339
0.340
0.340
0.340
0.340
0.340
0.340
1984
0.069
0.228
0.348
0.377
0.307
0.292
0.292
0.292
0.292
0.292
0.292
1985
0.075
0.258
0.412
0.481
0.429
0.412
0.412
0.412
0.412
0.412
0.412
1986
0.087
0.315
0.540
0.666
0.619
0.588
0.588
0.588
0.588
0.588
0.588
1987
0.097
0.360
0.646
0.789
0.725
0.658
0.658
0.658
0.658
0.658
0.658
1988
0.071
0.278
0.511
0.658
0.592
0.537
0.537
0.537
0.537
0.537
0.537
1989
0.055
0.220
0.389
0.468
0.414
0.361
0.361
0.361
0.361
0.361
0.361
1990
0.029
0.127
0.214
0.255
0.247
0.231
0.231
0.231
0.231
0.231
0.231
1991
0.031
0.136
0.243
0.291
0.285
0.261
0.261
0.261
0.261
0.261
0.261
1992
0.032
0.146
0.293
0.368
0.372
0.340
0.340
0.340
0.340
0.340
0.340
1993
0.025
0.128
0.292
0.410
0.440
0.398
0.398
0.398
0.398
0.398
0.398
1994
0.023
0.123
0.305
0.479
0.583
0.546
0.546
0.546
0.546
0.546
0.546
1995
0.018
0.098
0.230
0.366
0.499
0.492
0.492
0.492
0.492
0.492
0.492
1996
0.024
0.122
0.285
0.437
0.615
0.623
0.623
0.623
0.623
0.623
0.623
1997
0.032
0.157
0.374
0.532
0.715
0.682
0.682
0.682
0.682
0.682
0.682
1998
0.037
0.178
0.402
0.551
0.675
0.677
0.677
0.677
0.677
0.677
0.677
1999
0.045
0.204
0.434
0.561
0.651
0.624
0.624
0.624
0.624
0.624
0.624
2000
0.033
0.160
0.326
0.413
0.467
0.438
0.438
0.438
0.438
0.438
0.438
2001
0.034
0.163
0.357
0.458
0.491
0.449
0.449
0.449
0.449
0.449
0.449
2002
0.031
0.151
0.322
0.457
0.483
0.423
0.423
0.423
0.423
0.423
0.423
2003
0.035
0.169
0.366
0.534
0.632
0.572
0.572
0.572
0.572
0.572
0.572
2004
0.034
0.158
0.329
0.484
0.580
0.549
0.549
0.549
0.549
0.549
0.549
2005
0.036
0.163
0.335
0.495
0.625
0.605
0.605
0.605
0.605
0.605
0.605
2006
0.036
0.159
0.317
0.443
0.558
0.551
0.551
0.551
0.551
0.551
0.551
2007
0.037
0.159
0.321
0.467
0.595
0.577
0.577
0.577
0.577
0.577
0.577
2008
0.025
0.112
0.230
0.385
0.538
0.532
0.532
0.532
0.532
0.532
0.532
2009
0.020
0.089
0.178
0.308
0.469
0.485
0.485
0.485
0.485
0.485
0.485
2010
0.020
0.084
0.169
0.288
0.441
0.494
0.494
0.494
0.494
0.494
0.494
2011
0.021
0.088
0.185
0.304
0.449
0.492
0.492
0.492
0.492
0.492
0.492
2012
0.020
0.082
0.159
0.266
0.376
0.401
0.401
0.401
0.401
0.401
0.401
2013
0.015
0.062
0.107
0.170
0.252
0.313
0.313
0.313
0.313
0.313
0.313
2014
0.017
0.069
0.120
0.177
0.248
0.347
0.347
0.347
0.347
0.347
0.347
2015
0.022
0.090
0.159
0.222
0.285
0.397
0.397
0.397
0.397
0.397
0.397
2016
0.028
0.115
0.223
0.312
0.387
0.510
0.510
0.510
0.510
0.510
0.510
2017
0.036
0.149
0.304
0.441
0.502
0.586
0.586
0.586
0.586
0.586
0.586
2018
0.035
0.154
0.347
0.529
0.578
0.633
0.633
0.633
0.633
0.633
0.633
2019
0.032
0.152
0.374
0.613
0.587
0.589
0.589
0.589
0.589
0.589
0.589
2020
0.031
0.149
0.379
0.617
0.594
0.571
0.571
0.571
0.571
0.571
0.571
2021
0.028
0.138
0.359
0.600
0.581
0.588
0.588
0.588
0.588
0.588
0.588
Table 4.12. Northeast Arctic haddock. SAM model estimated fishing mortality-at-age. SAM model.
Year Age
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
1950
71954
100948
75803
37104
46922
16672
4878
2687
1380
1457
2055
1951
662668
47596
45982
27423
12794
12505
5438
1937
1010
446
1092
1952
87684
441709
30601
19171
9000
4342
3846
1638
734
356
506
1953
1236112
51854
209514
13984
6355
2641
1332
1053
532
251
306
1954
132692
913814
26007
91482
6873
2332
1088
548
387
198
225
1955
58481
84380
629858
14587
52314
3085
919
453
236
160
167
1956
229412
40721
55799
323834
7228
17743
1435
401
213
112
152
1957
60191
151658
27702
35983
110731
3090
6141
698
167
98
128
1958
72727
39863
92948
15487
20858
40057
1633
2510
350
84
118
1959
388917
51327
26067
40083
7338
7281
14858
723
901
146
87
1960
319617
266424
35703
15675
17032
3483
3666
6151
360
371
107
1961
144191
192337
144960
17670
6984
8060
1597
1508
2792
156
204
1962
294721
86152
92056
59648
6749
2715
3289
659
610
1159
139
1963
313728
177883
37775
26324
17552
2650
1091
1230
273
244
536
1964
352219
199197
75457
12227
7658
5839
1225
441
510
122
345
1965
126309
239697
114967
30319
4161
2786
2266
535
199
219
210
1966
313027
82587
158862
62233
12369
1705
1276
944
271
92
187
1967
341917
200993
43550
72547
24793
4865
791
602
451
132
132
1968
18033
248789
118244
21868
36167
12509
2350
410
314
233
138
1969
20492
11753
142282
55303
10688
15769
5749
1163
197
156
175
1970
209907
12595
7457
70546
25170
5916
8044
3009
644
106
186
1971
108513
135135
7126
4488
33462
12298
3362
4541
1695
371
163
1972
1066297
79576
82209
4547
3103
17586
6743
2018
2775
1030
316
1973
309863
617024
46426
23183
1700
1546
7651
2907
927
1381
613
1974
65777
168110
250735
16514
10662
885
1013
4476
1688
549
1229
1975
59215
37393
90307
140730
6802
4949
449
560
2148
817
937
1976
61657
33714
16473
44334
79265
3152
2773
247
332
1150
972
1977
120878
31792
13734
6439
17673
30352
1284
1183
103
148
810
1978
214299
55235
9743
4423
2904
7752
15135
629
564
45
432
1979
161196
117773
23260
3249
2034
1407
4104
7093
337
274
227
1980
22214
102951
58664
8302
1153
1047
717
2165
3493
174
241
1981
10373
15666
63657
26356
3451
552
557
380
1140
1720
214
1982
16685
6813
11084
31844
10538
1721
278
307
217
623
960
1983
8517
11374
4651
6829
13553
5614
983
147
177
126
805
1984
13170
5094
6707
2749
3894
8842
2882
577
80
104
519
1985
360421
8905
2884
3607
1785
2573
5373
1842
369
51
398
1986
480423
277897
5187
1593
1851
994
1474
2796
1027
206
261
1987
90168
252499
156719
2536
653
793
470
679
1207
471
208
1988
39086
69528
135666
46610
1065
233
320
205
301
508
280
1989
28690
25847
49114
70932
12183
549
95
152
99
145
366
1990
36995
20973
17122
26053
32813
5487
355
59
87
57
278
1991
111064
25066
13652
14104
20210
20303
3141
249
40
57
206
1992
328345
83998
16040
10097
10403
12631
12669
1890
165
26
159
1993
847060
223767
57624
10695
5917
6244
7670
7284
1052
101
108
1994
398541
586581
154943
31769
4684
3141
3758
4796
4334
596
116
1995
101169
227631
436642
78224
14686
2097
1428
1871
2202
2146
340
1996
100698
62296
170360
249488
32110
7281
1087
710
938
1104
1266
1997
120498
55757
38426
96597
103534
13995
2517
494
313
416
1096
1998
63525
80689
35130
18194
36780
39226
5240
994
211
132
711
1999
151800
48591
47748
17443
8917
15900
13962
1921
412
93
389
2000
83531
120835
30886
21383
6882
4345
6596
5481
816
189
232
2001
369908
68769
94812
16790
10168
3527
2611
3530
2691
441
239
2002
397842
300355
51914
48421
9123
5526
1906
1463
1939
1413
358
2003
342420
261719
196392
34361
24969
4595
3509
1235
839
1098
1006
2004
262688
172605
166134
112529
16305
11043
2147
1666
620
397
1075
2005
369114
172023
95010
110263
51403
6645
5628
1150
739
312
798
2006
158484
219791
109769
52144
45046
21018
3222
2853
561
348
541
2007
546307
121683
167892
61580
26788
19474
8222
1758
1492
287
447
2008
1118238
467328
98324
104726
22042
14103
7244
3321
897
726
362
2009
1032328
727573
382754
62874
40565
10455
5359
3171
1463
496
599
2010
242169
689310
609912
236370
32550
15363
4868
2751
1623
785
649
2011
118630
194392
562233
431733
123576
14436
6265
2153
1357
838
828
2012
343696
74135
139336
402923
272118
55421
6244
2608
1055
710
954
2013
120201
202416
58533
96203
277646
129788
24047
3239
1437
605
1004
2014
415161
74430
147429
50354
89089
148484
62741
11002
1912
904
1022
2015
73229
290572
66276
93516
40951
70860
75335
26084
5431
1042
1055
2016
214907
49671
171111
46462
62421
33999
50637
38639
13024
2607
1026
2017
197724
179071
34226
111248
28352
36992
19184
22229
18250
5693
1505
2018
370008
137595
127037
24887
44354
14746
18241
9104
9411
8688
3192
2019
831409
244589
89230
64256
16774
17916
6986
7847
3791
3980
4369
2020
449467
536349
162423
46595
23457
9104
7543
3462
3388
1841
3506
2021
164246
279776
363859
73157
20670
9211
4391
3305
1677
1642
2457
2022
38431
137815
192967
201210
35275
8936
4027
2003
1507
763
1870
Table 4.13. Northeast Arctic haddock. SAM model. Estimated stock numbers-at-age.
Year
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
1950
0.345
0.258
0.243
0.241
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
1951
0.345
0.258
0.243
0.241
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
1952
0.345
0.258
0.243
0.241
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
1953
0.345
0.258
0.243
0.241
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
1954
0.345
0.258
0.243
0.241
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
1955
0.345
0.258
0.243
0.241
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
1956
0.345
0.258
0.243
0.241
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
1957
0.345
0.258
0.243
0.241
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
1958
0.345
0.258
0.243
0.241
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
1959
0.345
0.258
0.243
0.241
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
1960
0.345
0.258
0.243
0.241
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
1961
0.345
0.258
0.243
0.241
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
1962
0.345
0.258
0.243
0.241
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
1963
0.345
0.258
0.243
0.241
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
1964
0.345
0.258
0.243
0.241
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
1965
0.345
0.258
0.243
0.241
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
1966
0.345
0.258
0.243
0.241
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
1967
0.345
0.258
0.243
0.241
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
1968
0.345
0.258
0.243
0.241
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
1969
0.345
0.258
0.243
0.241
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
1970
0.345
0.258
0.243
0.241
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
1971
0.345
0.258
0.243
0.241
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
1972
0.345
0.258
0.243
0.241
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
1973
0.345
0.258
0.243
0.241
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
1974
0.345
0.258
0.243
0.241
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
1975
0.345
0.258
0.243
0.241
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
1976
0.345
0.258
0.243
0.241
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
1977
0.345
0.258
0.243
0.241
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
1978
0.345
0.258
0.243
0.241
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
1979
0.345
0.258
0.243
0.241
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
1980
0.345
0.258
0.243
0.241
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
1981
0.345
0.258
0.243
0.241
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
1982
0.345
0.258
0.243
0.241
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
1983
0.345
0.258
0.243
0.241
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
1984
0.216
0.223
0.214
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
1985
0.209
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
1986
0.639
0.263
0.200
0.210
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
1987
0.200
0.208
0.419
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
1988
0.380
0.200
0.200
0.391
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
1989
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.231
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
1990
0.329
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
1991
0.202
0.216
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
1992
0.216
0.205
0.203
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
1993
0.253
0.248
0.275
0.260
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
1994
0.289
0.215
0.296
0.226
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
1995
0.380
0.342
0.319
0.292
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
1996
0.725
0.321
0.254
0.284
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
1997
0.503
0.267
0.258
0.285
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
1998
0.231
0.291
0.267
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
1999
0.200
0.208
0.278
0.262
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
2000
0.214
0.200
0.215
0.245
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
2001
0.210
0.200
0.225
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
2002
0.323
0.213
0.200
0.203
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
2003
0.418
0.251
0.208
0.201
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
2004
0.415
0.302
0.201
0.227
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
2005
0.397
0.303
0.233
0.271
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
2006
0.223
0.215
0.276
0.212
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
2007
0.297
0.200
0.238
0.320
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
2008
0.372
0.279
0.266
0.338
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
2009
0.404
0.248
0.285
0.256
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
2010
0.359
0.249
0.274
0.286
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
2011
0.530
0.469
0.311
0.228
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
2012
0.595
0.314
0.204
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
2013
0.461
0.341
0.249
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
2014
0.283
0.206
0.219
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
2015
0.344
0.402
0.210
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
2016
0.306
0.200
0.247
0.229
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
2017
0.341
0.297
0.234
0.411
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
2018
0.432
0.266
0.264
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
2019
0.371
0.255
0.213
0.273
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
2020
0.388
0.358
0.270
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
2021
0.238
0.227
0.214
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
Table 4.14. Northeast Arctic haddock. SAM model. Natural mortality estimated.
YEAR
RECR_a3
TOTBIO
TOTSPB
LANDINGS
YIELDSSB
SOPCOFAC
FBAR 4–7
1950
82322
242608
134590
132125
0.9817
1.5897
0.8308
1951
668176
355757
101109
120077
1.1876
1.2272
0.6238
1952
76818
235584
57514
127660
2.2196
1.7404
0.7243
1953
1273827
511706
82577
123920
1.5007
1.4279
0.516
1954
152533
538363
117419
156788
1.3353
1.474
0.3802
1955
68620
485903
178882
202286
1.1308
1.536
0.5115
1956
208519
475076
243748
213924
0.8776
1.2623
0.4328
1957
66143
326445
186311
123583
0.6633
1.2455
0.4325
1958
87000
277063
156999
112672
0.7177
1.1252
0.5185
1959
398046
364914
133327
88211
0.6616
0.9405
0.3672
1960
289305
401199
114679
154651
1.3486
1.0411
0.484
1961
130618
391535
130034
193224
1.4859
0.9942
0.6362
1962
290545
346475
118923
187408
1.5759
1.0518
0.8
1963
340707
310767
82677
146224
1.7686
1.1458
0.8645
1964
397921
301963
63878
99158
1.5523
1.3572
0.6522
1965
124218
358201
95514
118578
1.2415
1.1507
0.4935
1966
293588
387773
127618
161778
1.2677
1.1621
0.583
1967
361942
468013
154613
136397
0.8822
0.9984
0.4147
1968
23929
421571
169561
181726
1.0717
0.9976
0.503
1969
21420
342673
184198
130820
0.7102
0.882
0.3972
1970
202213
286658
156137
88257
0.5653
0.9762
0.3578
1971
122366
345655
168600
78905
0.468
0.7638
0.2465
1972
1250282
618953
123034
266153
2.1632
1.0883
0.6918
1973
341562
603856
114751
322226
2.808
1.1656
0.5365
1974
69144
604062
200865
221157
1.101
0.8946
0.4315
1975
60105
493288
256399
175758
0.6855
0.8957
0.427
1976
66788
307418
206745
137264
0.6639
1.12
0.571
1977
134214
228959
141822
110158
0.7767
1.09
0.6838
1978
213205
255959
130594
95422
0.7307
0.9219
0.5112
1979
175893
318319
129550
103623
0.7999
0.7684
0.5515
1980
34738
343357
133248
87889
0.6596
0.7568
0.3978
1981
13409
293031
148285
77153
0.5203
0.7174
0.4012
1982
17361
211963
127271
46955
0.3689
0.7224
0.3093
1983
9547
104375
71486
24600
0.3441
1.0373
0.2715
1984
13434
83502
64118
20945
0.3267
1.0547
0.2498
1985
288301
182799
62012
45052
0.7265
0.9761
0.32
1986
529639
343729
62307
100563
1.614
1.0484
0.4388
1987
109761
333920
75055
154916
2.064
0.992
0.5958
1988
54831
260035
78423
95255
1.2146
0.9955
0.499
1989
26591
212726
91989
58518
0.6361
0.9774
0.3892
1990
36913
170792
95306
27182
0.2852
1.0159
0.1562
1991
104304
195381
110525
36216
0.3277
1.0374
0.2082
1992
207592
269195
125750
59922
0.4765
0.9797
0.2838
1993
661997
442259
130420
82379
0.6316
1.0031
0.359
1994
292328
544195
145929
135186
0.9264
1.0056
0.425
1995
97829
540315
160502
142448
0.8875
1.0247
0.3825
1996
102157
472986
185986
178128
0.9577
1.0175
0.4235
1997
115574
349747
163846
154359
0.9421
1.0519
0.4862
1998
58300
250014
124862
100630
0.8059
1.0113
0.4235
1999
230885
253171
93537
83195
0.8894
1.021
0.4212
2000
89390
251208
85968
68944
0.802
1.026
0.2802
2001
366156
358759
111533
89640
0.8037
0.9903
0.2792
2002
342698
443732
129987
114798
0.8831
1.011
0.3173
2003
224164
474912
152014
138926
0.9139
1.019
0.4295
2004
225179
456111
158774
158279
0.9969
1.0192
0.3802
2005
347338
471600
169083
158298
0.9362
1.0029
0.491
2006
156884
415058
143388
153157
1.0681
0.9938
0.4062
2007
669958
496939
140637
161525
1.1485
0.9916
0.4245
2008
1343753
741065
146716
155604
1.0606
0.9928
0.3915
2009
1461294
1079206
169829
200061
1.178
1.0019
0.3535
2010
529864
1260008
235707
249200
1.0572
0.9994
0.2935
2011
247471
1284238
340210
309785
0.9106
0.9978
0.3172
2012
389760
1164978
423313
315627
0.7456
0.9994
0.265
2013
157017
997100
470593
193744
0.4117
0.9967
0.1328
2014
388029
1003241
517888
177522
0.3428
0.9968
0.109
2015
106410
946411
533846
194756
0.3648
0.9953
0.1535
2016
259863
858367
507122
233183
0.4598
1.0006
0.2162
2017
187245
736267
426678
227588
0.5334
0.994
0.3318
2018
359770
616476
315843
191276
0.6056
0.9943
0.3988
2019
890210
698113
241945
175402
0.725
0.9963
0.463
2020
442477
745989
210739
182468
0.8658
0.9962
0.478
2021
202490
698772
213623
204743
0.9584
0.9981
0.3925
Table 4.15. Northeast Arctic haddock. Summary XSA (p-shrinkage not applied, F shrinkage= 0.5). Thu Aug 18 19:55:38 2022
Year class
Recr.
NT1
NT2
NT3
NAK1
NAK2
NAK3
EC01
ECO2
1990
847060
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1991
398541
NA
NA
314.5
NA
NA
348.73
NA
NA
1992
101169
NA
224.785
54.9
NA
187.96
41.47
NA
NA
1993
100698
604.198
199.523
55.8
887.82
88.59
29.97
NA
NA
1994
120498
1429.036
265.083
79.6
1198.18
94.52
57.27
NA
NA
1995
63525
300.778
90.806
21.7
132.6
26.51
33.78
NA
NA
1996
151800
1117.83
196.698
56.9
508.87
150.99
83.67
NA
NA
1997
83531
248.274
83.201
24.1
210.96
30.11
36.39
NA
NA
1998
369908
1207.984
437.224
294
653.4
404.77
233.45
NA
NA
1999
397842
832.297
446.843
312.9
1063.01
266.12
255.2
NA
NA
2000
342420
1230.979
475.308
352.2
753.01
267.9
203.68
NA
NA
2001
262688
1700.188
471.677
173.1
1315.15
362.35
151.01
NA
NA
2002
369114
3327.315
706.61
317.9
2743.74
466.54
221.33
NA
268.462
2003
158484
700.861
386.388
78.8
528.97
143.98
56.32
188.987
114.244
2004
546307
4473.159
1310.216
443.3
2276.46
624.78
209.28
603.787
929.118
2005
1118238
4944.605
1684.829
1591
2091.11
953.5
812.41
2270.189
1818.927
2006
1032328
3731.194
2042.009
1230.4
2015.71
1753.54
883.68
988.391
1291.864
2007
242169
853.093
317.051
102.5
778.39
209.05
128.07
322.015
143.819
2008
118630
562.606
79.895
52.9
443.93
86.03
54.16
134.833
65.087
2009
343696
1634.823
353.866
316.1
1559.42
288.27
191.63
274.353
113.561
2010
120201
676.315
137.384
57.4
428.46
94.54
67.29
105.263
41.529
2011
415161
1866.965
490.28
381.2
1583.44
407.16
334.82
591.096
222.994
2012
73229
344.585
123.954
30.6
292.71
109.92
24.35
155.943
75.054
2013
214907
1281.405
342.024
163.4
1838.71
246.59
71.81
264.813
145.248
2014
197724
1133.967
561.956
134.9
1593.12
107.18
81.15
319.963
144.86
2015
370008
2299.365
770
336.3
1276
331.42
171.03
793.772
189.253
2016
831409
5065.427
1675.638
1075.6
3343.93
810.16
507.61
935.791
NA
2017
449467
3823.293
1125.267
424.2
2925.9
687.8
286.32
NA
585.3
2018
164246
1898.2
267.785
111.35
1544.96
260.72
48.99
379.389
57.781
2019
38431
110.624
24.99
NA
272.94
15.69
NA
26.825
35.878
2020
NA
405.82
110.312
NA
431.68
70.15
NA
107.622
NA
2021
NA
1662.107
NA
NA
1797.09
NA
NA
NA
NA
Table 4.16. Northeast Arctic haddock. Input data for recruitment prediction (RCT3)- recruits as 3 year-olds. Recr: recruitment estimate from SAM 2021 NT1: Norwegian Russian winter bottom trawl survey age 1 NT2: Norwegian Russian winter bottom trawl survey age 2 NT3: Norwegian Russian winter bottom trawl survey age 3 NAK1: Norwegian Russian winter acoustic survey age 1 NAK2: Norwegian Russian winter acoustic survey age 2 NAK3: Norwegian Russian winter acoustic survey age 3 ECO1: Ecosystem survey age 1. ECO2: Ecosystem survey age 2. The Russian survey (RT) was discontinued in 2017 and has not been used for recruitment.
Table 4.17. Northeast Arctic haddock Analysis by RCT3 ver3.1 - R translation
Analysis by RCT3 ver3.1 - R translation
Data for 6 surveys over 32 year classes : 1990 - 2021
Regression type = C
Tapered time weighting applied
power = 3 over 20 years
Survey weighting not applied
Final estimates shrunk towards mean
Estimates with S.E.'S greater than that of mean included
Minimum S.E. for any survey taken as 0.2
Minimum of 3 points used for regression
Forecast/Hindcast variance correction used.
yearclass:2019
index slope intercept se rsquare n indices prediction se.pred WAP.weights
Table 4.18. Northeast Arctic haddock. Prediction with management option table: Input data (based on SAM estimates
Table 4.19. Northeast Arctic haddock. Prediction with management option table for 2022-2024
(TAC constraint applied for intermediate year)
MFDP R version
Run22 data from file fhcr_fmgmt.xls
2022
Biomass
SSB
FMult
FBar
Landings
566426
216456
0.7224
0.303
178532
2023
2024
Biomass
SSB
FMult
FBar
Landings
Biomass
SSB
476850
231868
0
0
0
599203
321974
.
231868
0.1
0.042
24477
575221
304970
.
231868
0.2
0.0839
47708
552519
288898
.
231868
0.3
0.1259
69759
531028
273707
.
231868
0.4
0.1678
90695
510680
259347
.
231868
0.5
0.2098
110573
491413
245773
.
231868
0.6
0.2517
129452
473169
232941
.
231868
0.7
0.2936
147383
455891
220809
.
231868
0.8
0.3356
164418
439527
209340
.
231868
0.9
0.3776
180603
424027
198496
.
231868
1
0.4195
195985
409343
188243
.
231868
1.1
0.4615
210605
395433
178548
.
231868
1.2
0.5034
224504
382252
169381
.
231868
1.3
0.5454
237720
369762
160712
.
231868
1.4
0.5873
250289
357926
152514
.
231868
1.5
0.6292
262244
346708
144760
.
231868
1.6
0.6712
273619
336074
137427
.
231868
1.7
0.7132
284443
325993
130491
.
231868
1.8
0.7551
294746
316434
123930
.
231868
1.9
0.797
304554
307371
117724
.
231868
2
0.839
313893
298776
111853
Input units are thousands and kg - output in tonnes
MFDP R version Run22 data from file fhcr_fmgmt.xls Fbar age range: 4-7
Year:
2022
F multiplier:
0.7224
Fbar:
0.303
age
CatchN
CatchYield
F
SSB (Jan)
StockBiomass (Jan)
StockN (Jan)
3
701
484
0.0217
302
10069
38431
4
11825
10856
0.1033
5788
68908
137815
5
39924
45793
0.2622
30599
151479
192967
6
63655
88545
0.4313
93779
228172
201210
7
10942
18700
0.4154
36258
54853
35275
8
2752
5449
0.4117
17453
19900
8936
9
1240
2953
0.4117
10411
10994
4027
10
617
1626
0.4117
5996
6181.3
2003
11
464
1327
0.4117
5529
5529.2
1507
12
235
750
0.4117
2753
2752.9
763
13
576
2050
0.4117
7588
7588.5
1870
TOTAL
132933
178532
216456
566426
624804
Year:
2023
F multiplier:
0.8343
Fbar:
0.35
age
CatchN
CatchYield
F
SSB (Jan)
StockBiomass (Jan)
StockN (Jan)
3
1880
1504
0.025
1000
32247
89327
4
2654
2399
0.1193
1064
13141
26983
5
22034
25405
0.3029
15232
74303
93936
6
41759
57544
0.4981
53397
131845
117719
7
36375
60820
0.4797
99308
155900
104491
8
6591
13011
0.4756
30527
37137
19064
9
1676
3725
0.4756
12086
12844
4846.9
10
755
1985
0.4756
6723
6902.2
2184.3
11
376
1059
0.4756
3794
3793.8
1086.4
12
283
861
0.4756
3136
3136.4
817.4
13
494
1753
0.4756
5600
5599.8
1428.1
TOTAL
114877
170067
231868
476850
461883
Year:
2024
F multiplier:
0.8343
Fbar:
0.35
age
CatchN
CatchYield
F
SSB (Jan)
StockBiomass (Jan)
StockN (Jan)
3
6383
4941
0.025
3178
102504
303267
4
6149
5607
0.1193
2563
30878
62507
5
4246
4823
0.3029
2770
13991
18100
6
19519
27014
0.4981
25301
62011
55023
7
19906
33063
0.4797
53135
84341
57180
8
18307
35570
0.4756
79823
99283
52951
9
3354
7439
0.4756
20692
22788
9701.2
10
853
2136
0.4756
7350
7577
2466.4
11
384
1082
0.4756
3970
3970
1111.5
12
191
577
0.4756
2031
2031
552.85
13
395
1358
0.4756
4738
4738
1142.7
TOTAL
79686
123611
205549
434112
564002
Table 4.20. Northeast Arctic haddock. Prediction single option table for 2024-2024 based on HCR
Input units are thousands and kg - output in tonnes
Figure 4.1 Northeast Arctic haddock landings (top left 1950-2021), fishing mortality (top right 1950-2021), recruitment (bottom left 1950-2022), and total stock biomass for ages 3+ (TSB) and spawning-stock biomass (SSB) (bottom right 1950–2022). The reference points in the SSB and TSB plot refers to the spawning stocks biomass. Fishing mortality and total and spawning stock biomass are given with point wise 95% confidence intervals (shaded areas), recruitment is given with upper 95% confidence interval (bar).
Figure 4.2. Northeast Arctic haddock; on step ahead residuals for the final SAM run 2022. Blue circles indicate positive residuals (observations larger than predicted) and red circles indicate negative residuals.
Figure 4.3. Northeast Arctic haddock. 5 year retrospective plots of SSB (top right), fishing mortality (top left), TSB (bottom left), and recruitment (bottom right) for years 2000–2022 (SAM with 95% confidence intervals).
Figure 4.4. Results of assessment of NEA haddock. Fbar(4-7), TSB, recruits and SSB from AFWG 2020 (grey), AFWG 2021 (orange) and this year’s (2022) assessment (blue) from 2001 and onwards. The last black squares on the lines for AFWG 2021 (orange) are forecasts for 2022 made last year. .
Figure 4.5. Northeast Arctic haddock. Retrospective plots of SSB, fishing mortality and recruitment for assessment years 1950–2021 ( left - XSA without P shrinkage, F shrinkage= 0.5 ) and right - for assessment years 1990–2021 from the TSVPA model.
Figure 4.6. Comparison of results of assessment of NEA haddock. Recruits, biomass, spawning biomass and F in 1990–2021 by different models: medium SAM estimates, XSA with setting mentioned at section 4.9 and TISVPA with settings as mentioned at WDXX.
Figure 4.7 Standard selection pattern model (red) used for short-term forecasts at the current meeting
Beaked redfish in subareas 1 and 2 (Northeast Arctic)
4.11 - Status of the fisheries
4.11.1 - Development of the fishery
A description of the historical development of the fishery in subareas 1 and 2 is found in the stock annex for this stock.
An international pelagic fishery for S. mentella in the Norwegian Sea outside EEZs has developed since 2004 (Figure 6.1). This pelagic fishery, which is further described in the stock annex, is managed by the Northeast Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC). Since 2014 the directed demersal and pelagic fisheries are reopened in the Norwegian Economic Zone, the Fisheries Protection Zone around Svalbard and, for pelagic fisheries only, in the Fishing Zone around Jan Mayen. The spatial regulation for this fishery is illustrated in Figures 6.2 and 6.3. In 2021, most of the catches of S. mentella from the Russian and Norwegian fisheries were taken in the Norwegian Exclusive Economic Zone or as bycatch in the Fisheries Protection Zone around Svalbard. Catches in international waters were mainly taken by EU nations.
Figure 6.2 shows the distribution of catch among national fishing fleets for 2018 to 2021 and the location of Norwegian S. mentella catches in the Norwegian EEZ in 2021 as well as bycatch in other areas. The 44th Session of the Joint Norwegian-Russian Fisheries Commission decided to split the total TAC among countries as follows: Norway: 72%, Russia: 18%, Third countries: 10% (as bycatch in the fishery protection zone at Svalbard (Spitsbergen): 4.1%, and international waters of the Norwegian Sea (NEAFC-area): 5.9%). This split was reconducted at the 51st session of the commission in 2021.
4.11.2 - Bycatch in other fisheries
During 2003–2013, all catches of S. mentella, except the pelagic fishery in the Norwegian Sea outside EEZ, were taken as bycatches in other fisheries. Some of the pelagic catches are taken as bycatches in the blue whiting and herring fisheries. From 2014 onwards most of the catch is taken as targeted catch and no longer as bycatch, following the opening of a targeted fishery in the Norwegian EEZ, Svalbard Fisheries Protection Zone and around Jan Mayen. When fishing for other species it has since 2013 been allowed to have up to 20% redfish (both species together) in round weight as bycatch outside 12 nautical miles and only 10% bycatch inside 12 nautical miles to better protect S. norvegicus.
4.11.3 - Landings prior to 2021 (Tables 6.1–6.7, Figure 6.1)
Nominal catches of S. mentella by country for subareas 1 and 2 combined are presented in Table 6.1, while they are presented for Subarea 1 and divisions 2.a and 2.b in Tables 6.2–6.4. The pelagic catch of S. mentella in the Norwegian Sea outside EEZs reported to NEAFC and/or ICES amounted to 7 739 t in 2018, 6060 t in 2019, 5469 t in 2020 and 2 872 t in 2021, and is shown by country in Table 6.5. Nominal catches for both redfish species combined (i.e. S. mentella and S. norvegicus) by country are presented in Table 6.6. The sources of information used are catches reported to ICES, NEAFC, Norwegian and Russian authorities (foreign vessels fishing in the Norwegian and Russian economic zones) or direct reporting to the AFWG. Where catches are reported as Sebastes sp., they are split into S. norvegicus and S. mentella by AFWG experts based on available correlation between official catches of these two species in the considered areas. All tables have been updated for 2020, and new figures presented for 2021. Total international landings in 1952–2021 are also shown in Figure 6.1.
In 2014, ICES advised that the annual catch in 2015, 2016, and 2017 should be set at no more than 30 000 t and in 2017, ICES advised that the annual catch in 2018 should not exceed 32 658 t. Following the benchmark (WKREDFISH, ICES 2018a) and the subsequent evaluation of a management plan for the stock (WKREBMSE, ICES 2018b) ICES advised an annual catch of no more than 53 757 t for 2019 and 55 860 t in 2020, corresponding to a fishing mortality of F = 0.06. This was continued in 2020, when ICES advised an annual catch of no more than 66 158 t in 2021 and 67 210 t in 2022, still corresponding to F = 0.06.
Because of the novelty of the situation, related with reopening fisheries after 10 years of its ban, the total landings of S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2 in 2014, demersal and pelagic catches, amounted to only 18 426 t. The total landings of the demersal and pelagic fishery increased to 34 754 t in 2016, 30 783 t in 2017, 38 046 t in 2018, 45 640 t in 2019, 53 631 t in 2020 and 63 482 t in 2021. Of this, 2 872 t were reported from the pelagic fishery in international waters of the Norwegian Sea. The total landings in 2017 and 2018 were respectively 783 t and 5 388 t above the TAC advised by ICES, but were 8 117 t, 2 229 t and 2 676 t below TAC in 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively. Norway caught the major share of the demersal catches, but Russian demersal catches increased substantially after 2017, particularly in ICES Division 2.b.
The redfish population in Subarea 4 (North Sea) is believed to belong to the Northeast Arctic stock. Since this area is outside the traditional areas handled by this Working Group, the catches are not included in the assessment. The total redfish landings (golden and beaked redfish combined) from Subarea 4 have up to 2003 been 1000–3000 t per year. Since 2005 the annual landings from this area have varied between 89 and 341 t (Table 6.7).
4.11.4 - Expected landings in 2022
ICES has advised on the basis of precautionary considerations that the annual catch should be set at no more than 67 210 t in 2022. The 51st sessions of the Joint Norwegian-Russian Fisheries Commission decided to follow this advice.
In 2022 Norwegian fishing vessels, can catch and land up to 44 291 t of redfish in the Norwegian economic zone (NEZ) in a limited area north of 65°20’N (see map in Figure 6.3), in international waters and the fisheries zone around Jan Mayen. Of this quantity, 100 t are allocated to cover bycatch in other fisheries and 52 t for research/surveillance and education purposes, while the remaining 43 139 t can be taken in a directed fishery. Only vessels with cod and saithe trawl permits can participate in the directed fishery for redfish. Each vessel which has the right to participate is assigned a maximum quota, which can be adjusted during the year, per how much of the national quota is exploited. The fishery may be stopped if the total quota is reached. This quota must also cover catches of redfish (both species) in other fisheries. It is prohibited to fish for redfish with bottom trawls in the period from 1 March until 10 May. Investigations were conducted in 2015–2016 to see if the protection of females during the main time of larvae release should be improved by extending the period of prohibited fishing until later in May, and to see if the area south of Bear Island (Area 20 in Figure 6.3) can be opened for directed fishing, either with or without sorting grid, and permissions were granted to a small number of vessels of the Norwegian reference fleet for an earlier onset of fishing to gain further data. The hitherto conclusion is that males dominated the catches (more than 70%) in the main fishing areas south and southwest of Bear Island during the investigations from late April until the directed fishery started on 10 May, and that the area south of Bear Island should stay closed during January-February due to smaller S. mentella inhabiting this area at the beginning of the year.
Since 2015, Russia has had access to the NEZ when fishing their quota share. In 2022 Russia may fish 12 098 t (18%) plus 2000 t transferred from Norway to Russia. Apart from this an additional 2100 t were transferred from Norway to Russia and the EU to cover bycatch of redfish (both species) in their fisheries targeting other species. The remaining 6721 t are divided between third countries in the NEZ and Svalbard Zone (2755 t) and the NEAFC areas (3966 t). Catch in the NEAFC areas in 2021 amounted to 2872 t while the catch in the national economic zones of Norway and Russia as well as the fisheries protection zone around Svalbard was 60 610 t. The total catch in 2021 was 2676 t lower than the advised TAC. Norwegian catches up to week 33 were 32 295 t, which is about 9 000 tonnes less than at the same time of 2021. This indicates that the Norwegian quota is unlikely to be exhausted as there is usually little redfish catch in autumn.
4.12 - Data used in the assessment
Analytical assessment was conducted for this stock following recommendation from the benchmark assessment working group (WKREDFISH, ICES 2018a). Input datasets were updated with the most recently available data. The analytical assessment, based on a statistical catch-at-age model (SCAA), covers the period 1992–2020. The input data consists of the following tables:
Total catch in tonnes (Table 6.1)
Catch in tonnes in the pelagic fishery Norwegian Sea outside EEZs (Table 6.5)
Total catch numbers-at-age 6–19+ (Table 6.8)
Catch numbers-at-age 7–19+ in the pelagic fishery (Table 6.9)
Weight-at-age 2–19+ in the population (Table 6.12)
Maturity-at-age 2–19+ in the population (Table 6.14)
Deep pelagic ecosystem survey proportions-at-age (Table 6.19)
There was no direct observation of catch numbers-at-age for the pelagic fishery in the Norwegian Sea outside EEZs in 2012–2021. Instead, numbers-at-age were estimated based on catch-at-age from previous or following year, and weight-at-age and fleet selectivities (section 6.2.2 in AFWG report 2013). In 2013, 2016 and 2019, observations from the scientific survey in the Norwegian Sea were used to derive numbers-at-age in the pelagic fishery. This was considered appropriate given that the survey operates in the area of the fishery, with a commercial pelagic trawl and at the time of the start of the fishery.
4.12.1 - Length- composition from the fishery (Figure 6.4)
Comparison of length distributions of the Norwegian and Russian catches of S. mentella in 2019–2021 are shown in Figure 6.4. In 2020, the Russian and Norwegian fleets fished smaller fish than in 2019, reflecting good year classes due to enter the fishable stock. After 2019 length of beaked redfish in Norwegian catches was larger than in Russian catches. This is probably due to differences in the fishing areas. The Russian fleet largely operated in area 2b, and the Norwegian fleet in area 2a.
Catch-at-age in the Norwegian fishery was estimated using ECA for 2014 and 2020. For 2015, 2016 and 2018, it was not possible to run ECA and the catch-at-age for the Norwegian Fishery was estimated using the older Biomass program in SAS (Table 6.8). Not enough age readings were available to estimate catch-at-age in 2017, 2019 and 2021. For the pelagic fisheries 2017, 2018, 2020 and 2021 (Table 6.9) proportions-at-age in the catch were derived from proportions at-age in earlier years, weight-at-age and fleet selectivity (section 6.2.2 in AFWG report 2013).
This procedure for estimating catch-at-age for recent years in which age data are not available is somewhat problematic. This is because the last year of observation has a large effect on the estimated catch-at-age for several years. At the assessment working group in 2017 and at the benchmark assessment in January 2018, the last year of observations for the catch-at-age was 2014 and the values for the years 2015 and 2016 were extrapolated. Once available, the data for 2015 (demersal) and 2016 (pelagic) were substantially different from these earlier extrapolations. In the 2022 assessment the catch-at-age observations in 2018, had a large effect on the years around it, producing a very large proportion of the 19+ class in the catch and a correspondingly high F19+. As the age structure in 2018 was based on less than 1000 aged fish it was decided to use a time-averaged age-length-key (ALK) to convert the length distribution in 2017-2019 and in 2021 to an age distribution. The time-averaged ALK is based on the Norwegian age-length data back to 2009, excluding the years 2017, 2019 and 2021 and on commercial catches with demersal gears. The conversion still produced a fraction of the 19+-group of >60% but F19+ was lower than in the standard method.
Several other options were considered. Firstly, extrapolation as in the standard method but extrapolating also the 19+-group and then rescaling to sum up to 100%, rather than calculating the 19+ as the difference between other ages and 100%. Secondly, calculating the fraction of each age-class as an average of the same cohort’s fraction in the year before and after. Thirdly, as an average of the fraction of the same age-class in the last 3 years with data or last 3 calendar years. Finally, using a combined Russian-Norwegian ALK for individual years. Whilst some of these options produced lower fishing mortalities for the 19+-group, the change in observed selectivity for the demersal catches since 2017 remained largely the same. Therefore, the option of a common ALK across years was chosen because a as the option with the most sensible underlying reasoning.
Age composition of the Russian and Norwegian catches in 2021 was calculated using the age–length key, based on Russian age readings. The joint age–length key for the last three years (2019–2021) was applied. In general, the age distribution in the Norwegian fishery was shifted towards older fish compared to the Russian fishery. In the Russian catches fish at age 15–16 dominated, while in the Norwegian catches 16–17 years old made up the majority of the catches. (Figure 6.5). The proportion (by numbers) of individuals at age 18 and older in the Norwegian catches was almost twice as large as in the Russian ones.
Age–length-keys for S. mentella are uncertain because of the slow growth rate of individuals and therefore these data should be used with caution. Given that age is difficult to derive from length it is important that age readings are available for the most recent years, at the time of the working group.
In earlier assessment, weight-at-age in the stock was set equal to the weight-at-age in the catch. This turned out to be problematic because of important fluctuations in reported weight-at-age in the catch that cannot be explained biologically (i.e. these are noisy data). In 2015, it was advised to either use a fixed weight-at-age for the 19+ group, or use a modelled weight-at-age based on catch and survey records (Planque, 2015). The second option was chosen. Weight-at-age in the population was modelled for each year using mixed-effect models of a von Bertalanffy growth function (in weight). In 2018 an attempt was made to model weight-at-age for each cohort (rather than each year of observation). This showed that the growth function is nearly invariant between cohorts. Therefore, it was decided to use a fixed (i.e. common to all years) weight-at-age as input to the Statistical Catch-at-age model. The observed and modelled weight-at-age are presented in Table 6.12 as well as Figures 6.6 and 6.7.
4.12.4 - Maturity-at-age (Table 6.14, Figure 6.8)
The proportion maturity-at-age was estimated for individual years using a mixed-effect statistical model (Table 6.14, Figure 6.8). The modelled values of maturity-at-age for individual years are used in the analytical assessment models, except in 2008, 2011 and 2017–2021 when the fixed effects only were considered, at least in the two latest years due to a lack of age data.
4.12.5 - Natural mortality
In previous years, natural mortality for S. mentella was set to 0.05 for all ages and all years. This was based on life-history correlates presented in Hoenig (1983). Thirty-nine alternative mortality estimates were explored during the benchmark workshop, based on the review work by Kenchington (2014) and several additional recent papers (Then et al., 2014; Hamel, 2014; Charnov et al., 2013). Overall, the mode of these natural mortality estimates is 0.058 which departs only slightly from the original estimate of 0.050 (Figure 6.9). WKREDFISH (ICES, 2018a) decided to continue using 0.050 as the value of M in the assessment model. These estimates were updated for a peer-reviewed paper submitted in 2022 (Höffle and Planque, in revision) with 44 estimators resulting in a mode of the distribution of 0.07.
Figure 6.10 shows cod’s predation on juvenile (5–14 cm) redfish during 1984–2020. This time-series confirms the presence of redfish juveniles and may be used as an indicator of redfish abundance. A clear difference is seen between the abundance/consumption ratio in the 1980s and at present. A change in survey trawl catchability (smaller meshes) from 1993 onwards (Jakobsen et al., 1997) and/or a change in the cod’s prey preference may cause this difference. As long as the trawl survey time-series has not been corrected for the change in catchability, the abundance index of juvenile redfish less than 15 cm during the 1980s might have been considerably higher, if this change in catchability had been corrected for. The decrease in the abundance of young redfish in the surveys during the 1990s is consistent with the decline in the consumption of redfish by cod. It is important that the estimation of the consumption of redfish by cod is being continued.
4.12.6 - Scientific surveys
Following a dedicated review, AFWG approved the use of the new SToX versions of winter and ecosystem surveys for use in the S.s mentella assessment (WD 17 and WD 18 in AFWG 2020). The group recommended that the data be monitored annually to identify if a significant portion of the mentella stock moves east of the strata system. The group further recommended that work continues to investigate redfish-specific strata systems for the winter survey.
The results from the following research vessel survey series were evaluated by the Working Group:
4.12.6.1 - Surveys in the Barents Sea and Svalbard area (Tables 1.1, 1.2, 6.15–6.18, Figures 6.11, 6.12)
Russian bottom-trawl survey in the Svalbard and Barents Sea areas in October-December for 1978–2015 in fishing depths of 100–900 m (Table 6.15, Figure 6.11). ICES acronym: RU-BTr-Q4.
Russian-Norwegian Barents Sea ‘Ecosystem survey’ (bottom-trawl survey, August-September) from 1986–2019 in fishing depths of 100–500 m (Figures 6.11–6.12). Data disaggregated by age for the period 1992–2019 (Tables 6.16b-6.17). ICES acronym: Since 2003 part of Eco-NoRu-Q3 (BTr), survey code: A5216.
Winter Barents Seabed-trawl survey (February) from 1986–2014 (jointly with Russia since 2000, except 2006 and 2007) in fishing depths of 100–500 m (Figures 6.11–6.12). Data disaggregated by age for the period 1992–2011 and 2013 (Table 6.18b). ICES acronym: BS-NoRu-Q1 (BTr), survey code: A6996.
The Norwegian survey initially designed for redfish and Greenland halibut is now part of the ecosystem survey and covers the Norwegian Economic Zone (NEZ) and Svalbard Fisheries Protection Zone incl. north and east of Spitsbergen during August 1996–2012 from less than 100 m to 800 m depth. This survey includes survey no. 2 above, and has been a joint survey with Russia since 2003, and since then called the Ecosystem survey. ICES acronym: Eco-NoRu-Q3 (Btr), survey code: A5216.
4.12.6.2 - Pelagic survey in the Norwegian Sea (Table 6.19, Figures 6.13, 6.14)
The international deep pelagic ecosystem survey in the Norwegian Sea (WGIDEEPS, ICES 2016, survey code: A3357) monitors deep pelagic ecosystems, focusing on beaked redfish (S. mentella). The latest survey was conducted in the open Norwegian Sea from 22 July until 12 August 2022, following similar surveys in 2008, 2009, 2013, 2016 and 2019. The spatial coverage of the 2022 survey and the catch rates of beaked redfish in the 2019 survey are presented in Figure 6.13. The survey is scheduled every third year. Estimated numbers-at-age from this survey were presented at the benchmark assessment in 2018 and used in the SCAA model. Data for 2016 was updated in 2019, using additional age readings and numbers-at-age for the 2019 survey were presented during AFWG 2020, used in the assessment and updated for AFWG 2021. The details of the data preparation, using StoX, are available from WD7 of AFWG 2018 (Planque et al., 2018). The data used as input to the analytical assessment consists of proportions-at-age from age 2 to 75 years (Figure 6.14).
4.12.6.3 - Additional surveys (Figures 6.15–6.17)
The international 0-group survey in the Svalbard and Barents Sea areas in August-September 1980–2021, is now part of the Ecosystem survey (Figures 6.15 and 6.16). ICES acronym: Eco-NoRu-Q3 (Btr), survey code: A5216.
A slope survey, “Egga-sør survey” was carried out by IMR from 25 March to 20 April 2022, following similar surveys in 2009, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2018 and 2020. The spatial coverage of the 2022 survey and the distribution of beaked redfish registered by acoustic is presented in Figure 6.17. Egga-Sør and Egga-Nord surveys operate on a biennial basis. The length and age distributions of beaked redfish from these surveys show consistent ageing in the population and gradual incoming of new cohorts after the recruitment failure period. These surveys are considered as candidates for data input to the analytical assessment of S. mentella (see also Planque, 2016).
4.13 - Assessment
The group performed the analytical assessment using the statistical catch-at-age (SCAA) model reviewed at the benchmark in January 2018 (WKREDFISH, ICES 2018a). The model was configured as the benchmark baseline model which includes 53 parameters to be estimated and the model converged correctly.
4.13.1 - Results of the assessment (Tables 6.20, 6.21, Figures 6.18–6.24)
4.13.1.1 - Stock trends
The temporal patterns in recruitment-at-age 2 (Figures 6.18, 6.21) confirm the previously reported recruitment failure for the year classes 1996 to 2003 and indicate a return to high levels of recruitment. The estimates of year-class strength for recent years are uncertain due to limited age data from the winter and ecosystem surveys. Modelled spawning-stock biomass (SSB) has increased from 1992 to 2007 (Table 6.21). In the late 2000s the total-stock biomass (TSB) consisted of a larger proportion of mature fish than in the 1990s. This is reversing as individuals from new successful year classes, but still immature, are growing. TSB has increased from about 1.0 to slightly below 1.5 million tonnes in the last 10 years (Table 6.21 and Figures 6.21–6.22). The concurrent decline in SSB from 2007 to 2014 can be attributed to the weak year classes (1996–2003) entering the mature stock. This trend has levelled off and SSB increases again. SSB at the start of 2022 is estimated at 996 124 t.
The patterns of fleet selectivity-at-age indicate that most of the fish captured by the demersal fleet as well as the pelagic fleet in 2021 are of age 16 and older (Tables 6.20a,b and Figure 6.19). Model results at the benchmark workshop did show a gradual shift in the demersal selectivity towards older ages, a shift that was not observed after the 2015 catch-at-age data were incorporated in the model. This shift towards older ages is now again visible in the data from 2017 onwards, similar to what was observed in 2014. In 2021 F19+ is estimated at 0.01 (Table 6.21), with 0.091 for the demersal and 0.006 for the pelagic fleets (Table 6.20a), respectively.
Winter and ecosystem surveys selectivity at age are very similar and show reduced selectivity for age 8 years and older, which is consistent with the known geographical distribution of different life stages of S. mentella (Figure 6.20). Conversely, the Russian survey shows a reduced selectivity for age 7 years and younger. This is believed to result from gear selectivity.
4.13.1.4 - Residual patterns (Figure 6.23)
Residual patterns in catch and survey indices are presented in Figure 6.23a-e. There is generally no visible trend in the residuals for the Russian groundfish survey neither by age nor by year. Trends in residuals are visible in recent years for winter and ecosystem surveys and will need to be investigated further. Alternative methods for the estimation of the survey selectivity patterns will be investigated in the benchmark assessment planned for 2024 and could resolve the issue. Residual patterns for the demersal fleet indicate a similar fit of the model compared to AFWG 2018, when a time varying selectivity-at-age for this fleet was introduced.
4.13.1.5 - Retrospective patterns (Figure 6.24)
The historical and analytical retrospective patterns for the years 2007 to 2016 are presented in Figures 6.24 and 6.25. All model parameters were estimated in each individual run. The most recent model run (last year of data 2021) is consistent with previous runs. Estimated SSB is increased As in 2018 the SSB time-series is smoother than before, due to fixed weight-at-age for every year. The new estimates for winter and Ecosystem surveys in 2020 led to an increase in estimated SSB, up to 19% in the early years and around 7% to 9% in later years. Contrarily, the 2021 update revised SSB moderately down, by about 5% to 6%. SSB in 2021 is again revised upwards by about 10% across the assessment period. The benchmark run stands out and this is due to the unavailability of recent catch-at-age data during the benchmark assessment (see section 6.2.2). The analytical retrospectives back to 2018 showed likewise a higher SSB but with a lesser increase, ranging around 3% for much of the assessment period and dropping to the 1% range in the later years. The analytical retrospectives showed a consistent pattern for F12-18 until 2017 when it started to deviate. Likewise, the pattern for F19+ was very similar in the analytical retrospectives. Retrospective bias (Mohn’s rho) over the last 5 assessments was -0.3% for recruitment, -24% for F(19+) and -7% for SSB.
4.13.1.6 - Projections
FMSY at age 19+ is approximated using F0.1 and estimated at 0.084 (section 1.4 of the WKREBMSE report 2018b).
The estimated fishing mortality in 2021 is: F19+ = 0.01.
If the fishing mortality is maintained, this is expected to lead to a catch of 64 159 t in 2022, about 3000 tonnes below the advised TAC of 67 210 t. This would lead to a SSB of 1 018 117 t in early 2023, catches of 66 779 t in 2023 and a SSB of 1 040 323 t in 2024.
Lowering F19+ to the precautionary approach (F19+ = 0.06) advice, in 2023–2025 would lead to average catches of 45 150 t during that period and a SSB of 1 131 595 t by 2026 (SSB at the start of 2021 is estimated at 976 956 t).
These projections assume that the selectivity patterns of the demersal and pelagic fleets are identical with those estimated for 2021. It is also assumed that the ratio of fishing mortality between these two fleets remains unchanged.
4.13.1.7 - Additional considerations
Historical fluctuations in the recruitment-at-age 2 (Figures 6.18 and 6.21) are consistent with the 0-group survey index (Figure 6.16), although the 0-group survey index is not used as an input to the SCAA.
The population age structure derived from the model outputs for the old individuals (beyond 19+, Figure 6.22) is consistent with the age structure reported from the slope surveys although these are not yet used as input to the model.
Recent recruitment levels estimated with SCAA are highly uncertain since they rely on only a few years of observations and since the age readings from winter survey were not available for years 2014–2022. The use of the autoregressive model for recruitment (random effects in the SCAA) which was introduced in 2018 allows for a projection of the recruitment in recent years, despite the current lack of age data.
The history of the stock as described by the SCAA model for the period 1992–2021 is summarized in Table 6.21 and Figure 6.21. The key elements are as follows:
upward trend in Total-stock biomass from 1992 to 2006 followed by stabilization until 2011 and a new upward trend until the present,
upward trend in spawning-stock biomass from 1992 to 2007 followed by stabilization (or slight decline) until 2014 and subsequent increase,
recruitment failure for year classes 1996–2003 (2y old fish in 1998–2005),
good (although uncertain) recruitment for year classes born after 2005. Age data for recruits (at age 2y) after 2014 is limited.
Annual fishing mortality for the 19+ group throughout the assessment period varied between 0.003 and 0.097.
4.14 - Comments to the assessment
Currently, the survey series used in the SCAA do not appropriately cover the geographical distribution of the adult population. Data from the pelagic survey in the Norwegian Sea has been reviewed in the last benchmark and is now included in the assessment model. Priority should be given to including additional data from the slope surveys that include older age groups, in the analytical assessment in future (WD 5 in 2016).
The SCAA model relies on the availability of reliable age data in surveys and in the catch. Although additional age reading since the last assessment has improved reliability, it requires a continuous effort to keep these data at an appropriate level.
4.15 - Biological reference points
The proposed reference points estimated during the workshop on the management plan for S. mentella in (ICES 2018b) were:
Reference point
Value
Blim
227 000 t
Bpa
315 000 t
FMSY19+= F0.1
0.084
Which are revised from those set during the benchmark in the same year (ICES 2018a) which were Bpa = 450 kt, Blim = 324 kt and FMSY19+ = F0.1 = 0.08.
4.16 - Management advice
The present report updates the assessment and advises that when the status quo approach is applied, catches in 2023 should be no more than 66 779 tonnes, and catches in 2024 should be no more than 70 164 tonnes. This would correspond to a fishing mortality of F19+ = 0.097, whilst fishing pressure across the fishable age-classes would remain nearly constant.
4.17 - Possible future development of the assessment
Many developments suggested in earlier years were presented and evaluated at the benchmark in January 2018. These include integrating a stochastic process model i) for recruitment-at-age 2, ii) for the annual component of fishing mortalities, and iii) to account for annual changes in fleet selectivities-at-age. In addition, iv) a right trapezoid population matrix, v) coding of older ages into flexible predefined age-blocks, and vi) integrating of data from pelagic surveys in the Norwegian Sea were implemented. The purpose of these new features was to reduce the number of parameters to estimate (i, ii), include new data on the older age fraction of the population (iv, v, vi) and account for possible temporal changes in selectivity linked to changes in the national and international fisheries and their regulations (iii).
Recommendations that have been followed since comprise:
An increase in the number of age readings from surveys and from the fishery, particularly for recent years.
Use of a standardized method (StoX) for the determination of numbers-at-age in the surveys. The use of StoX for survey indices was evaluated at the beginning of AFWG 2020.
Future developments for the assessment of S. mentella may possibly include:
Use of a standardized method (ECA) for the determination of numbers-at-age in the catch.
A genetic-based method for rapidly identifying Sebastes species (S. norvegicus, S. mentella, S. viviparus);
Direct use of length information (as in GADGET);
Development of a joint age–length key for calculation of age composition of all S. mentella catches.
Development of a joint model for S. mentella and S. norvegicus which can include uncertainty in species identification and reporting of catch of Sebastes sp.
Implementing the current model in a more generic framework (SAM or XSAM) would provide a set of diagnostic tools and the wider expertise shared by the groups developing these models. The new version of GADGET, running the currently used TMB-package in the background, may provide an opportunity to put both species on the same platform.
Further studies of redfish mortality at young age, including a scientific publication, should be carried out. These studies should also take account of historic estimates of bycatch. Variable M by age and possibly time period could then be incorporated in the assessment.
4.18 - References
Charnov, E.L., Gislason, H., and Pope, J.G. 2013. Evolutionary assembly rules for fish life histories. Fish Fish. 14(2): 213-224.
Hamel, O.S. 2014. A method for calculating a meta-analytical prior for the natural mortality rate using multiple life history correlates. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 72(1): 62-69.
Höffle H. and Tranang C. A. 2020. Use of RstoX for recalculating numbers at age of Sebastes mentella from the joint NOR-RUS Barents Sea Ecosystem Survey in summer and autumn. WD18 - ICES AFWG2020.
Höffle H. and Planque B. (in revision). Natural mortality estimations for beaked redfish (Sebastes mentella) - a long-lived ovoviviparous species of the Northeast Arctic. Fisheries Research11 pp.
Hoenig, J. M. 1983. Empirical use of longevity data to estimate mortality rates. Fisheries Bulletin U.S. 81:898-903.
ICES 2013. Report of the Arctic Fisheries Working Group, Copenhagen, 18-24 April 2013. ICES C.M. 2013/ACOM:05, 726 pp.
ICES 2016. Final Report of the Working Group on International Deep Pelagic Ecosystem Surveys (WGIDEEPS). ICES CM, ICES CM 2016/SSGIEOM:02: 21pp.
ICES. 2018a. Report of the Benchmark Workshop on Redfish Stocks (WKREDFISH), 29 January-2 February 2018, Copenhagen, Denmark. ICES CM 2018/ACOM:34. 174 pp.
ICES. 2018b. Report of the Workshop on the evaluation of harvest control rules for Sebastes mentella in ICES areas 1 and 2 (WKREBMSE), June–August 2018, by correspondence. ICES CM 2018/ACOM:52. 32 pp.
Jakobsen, T., Korsbrekke, K., Mehl, S., and Nakken, O. 1997. Norwegian combined acoustic and bottom trawl surveys for demersal fish in the Barents Sea during winter. ICES CM 1997/Y:17.
Kenchington, T.J. Natural mortality estimators for information‐limited fisheries. Fish and Fisheries, 2014, 15.4: 533-562.
Planque, B. 2015. S. mentella assessment - handling the +group.: WD03 - ICES AFWG2015. 8 pp.
Planque, B. 2016. Possible use of the Pelagic and slope surveys in the analytical assessment of Sebastes mentella in ICES areas 1 and 2.: WD05 - ICES AFWG2016. 6 pp.
Planque, B., Vollen, T., Höffle, H., Harbitz A., 2018. Use of StoX for estimating numbers@age of Sebastes mentella from the international deep pelagic ecosystem survey in the Norwegian Sea.: WD07 - ICES AFWG2018. 38 pp.
Then, A. Y., Hoenig, J. M., Hall, N. G., and Hewitt, D. A. 2018. Evaluating the predictive performance of empirical estimators of natural mortality rate using information on over 200 fish species. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 75: 1509–1509. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsx199 (Accessed 18 January 2021).
Tranang C. A., Vollen T. and Höffle H. 2020. Use of StoX for recalculating numbers at age and numbers at length of Sebastes norvegicus from the Barents Sea NOR-RUS demersal fish cruise in winter.: WD17 - ICES AFWG2020. 60 pp.
4.19 - Tables and figures
Year
Estonia
Faroe Islands
France
Germany
Greenland
Iceland
Ireland
Latvia
Lithuania
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Russia
Spain
UK
Total
1998
-
20
73
100
14
-
9
-
-
-
9733
13
125
3646
177
134
14 045
1999
-
73
26
202
50
-
3
-
-
-
7884
6
65
2731
29
140
11 209
2000
-
50
12
62
29
48
1
-
-
-
6020
2
115
3519
87
130
10 075
2001
-
74
16
198
17
3
4
-
-
-
13 937
5
179
3775
90
120
18 418
2002
15
75
58
99
18
41
4
-
-
-
2152
8
242
3904
190
188
6993
2003
-
64
22
32
8
5
5
-
-
-
1210
7
44
952
47
124
2520
2004
Sweden - 1
-
588
13
10
4
10
3
-
-
-
1375
42
235
2879
257
76
5493
2005
5
1147
46
33
39
4
4
-
-
7
1760
-
140
5023
163
95
8465
2006
Canada - 433
396
3808
215
2483
63
2513
4
341
845
-
4710
2496
1804
11 413
710
1027
33 261
2007
684
2197
234
520
29
1587
17
349
785
-
3209
1081
1483
5660
2181
202
20 219
2008
-
1849
187
16
25
9
9
267
117
13
2220
8
713
7117
463
83
13 096
2009
EU - 889
-
1343
15
42
-
33
-
-
-
3
2677
338
806
3843
177
80
10 246
2010
-
979
175
21
12
2
-
243
457
-
2065
-
293
6414
1184
79
11 924
2011
-
984
175
835
-
2
-
536
565
-
2471
11
613
5037
1678
55
12 962
2012
-
259
-
517
-
36
-
447
449
-
2114
318
1038
4101
1780
-
11 059
2013
-
697
-
80
21
1
-
280
262
-
1750
84
1078
3677
1459
-
9389
2014
-
743
215
446
15
-
-
215
167
3
13 149
103
505
1704
1162
-
18 426
2015
-
657
49
242
48
3
-
537
192
3
19 433
5
678
1142
2529
52
25 570
2016
-
502
134
493
74
24
0
1243
1065
-
18 191
208
1066
8419
3213
122
34 754
2017
4
443
45
763
66
3
-
562
790
-
17 077
102
1060
6593
2838
436
30 783
2018
-
425
67
2473
82
10
-
1020
1010
374
18 594
275
699
10 497
2457
63
38 046
2019
-
156
370
1599
615
10
-
-
653
244
23 844
471
1422
13 444
2222
590
45 640
2020
-
149
163
1807
62
5
-
2
1081
1483
32 950
4
870
13 874
744
437
53 631
20211
-
290
218
1166
85
6
-
-
1379
-
43797
2
381
14 887
615
655
63 482
Table 6. 1 . S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Nominal catch (t) by countries in Subarea 1, divisions 2.a and 2.b combined.
1 - Provisional figures.
Year
Faroe Islands
France
Germany
Greenland
Iceland
Lithuania
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Russia
Spain
UK
Total
1998
20
-
-
-
-
-
26
-
-
378
-
-
424
1999
69
-
-
-
-
-
69
-
-
489
-
-
627
2000
-
-
-
-
48
-
47
-
-
406
-
-
501
2001
-
-
-
-
3
-
8
-
-
296
-
-
307
2002
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
587
-
-
591
2003
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
292
-
-
298
2004
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
355
-
-
357
2005
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
327
-
-
330
2006
2
-
-
-
-
-
12
-
-
460
-
2
476
2007
-
-
-
-
8
-
11
-
-
210
-
20
249
2008
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
155
-
2
162
2009
-
-
-
-
8
-
3
-
-
80
-
-
91
2010
-
-
-
-
-
-
20
-
-
10
-
-
30
2011
-
-
-
-
-
-
48
-
-
13
-
-
61
2012
-
-
-
-
-
-
34
-
-
17
-
-
51
2013
-
-
-
-
-
-
64
-
-
27
-
-
91
2014
-
-
-
-
-
-
159
-
-
63
-
-
222
2015
-
-
-
18
-
-
138
1
-
125
-
-
282
2016
-
-
-
-
-
-
225
1
-
229
342
-
797
2017
-
-
-
12
-
-
207
3
-
196
-
-
418
2018
-
-
19
26
3
-
255
-
-
376
-
-
679
2019
83
4
-
13
-
1
369
16
1
206
19
4
715
2020
35
12
6
18
1
-
335
3
2
118
1
-
532
20211
87
31
-
14
-
-
195
-
4
367
1
-
699
Table 6. 2 . S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Nominal catch (t) by countries in Subarea 1.
1 - Provisional figures.
Year
Faroe Islands
France
Germany
Greenland
Iceland
Ireland
Lithuania
Latvia
Norway
Portugal
Poland
Russia
Spain
UK
Total
1998
-
73
58
14
-
6
-
-
9186
118
-
2626
55
106
12 242
1999
-
16
160
50
-
3
-
-
7358
56
-
1340
14
120
9117
2000
50
11
35
29
-
-
-
-
5892
98
-
2167
18
103
8403
2001
63
12
161
17
-
4
-
-
13 636
105
-
2716
18
95
16 827
2002
37
54
59
18
41
4
-
-
1937
124
-
2615
8
157
5054
2003
58
18
17
8
5
5
-
-
1014
17
-
448
8
102
1700
2004
Sweden - 1
555
8
4
4
10
3
-
-
987
86
-
2081
7
18
3764
2005
1101
36
17
38
2
4
-
-
1083
71
-
3307
20
15
5694
2006
Estonia - 396 Canada – 433
3793
199
2475
52
2513
3
845
-
4010
1731
2467
10 110
589
958
30 574
2007
Estonia - 684
2157
226
519
29
1579
16
785
349
3043
1395
1079
5061
2159
120
19 201
2008
Netherlands - 13
1821
179
9
24
9
9
117
267
1952
666
1
6442
430
62
12 001
2009
EU – 889
1316
7
23
-
25
-
-
-
2208
764
338
3305
137
62
9074
2010
961
175
13
12
2
-
457
243
1705
246
-
5903
1183
55
10 955
2011
932
175
697
-
2
-
561
536
1682
599
-
4326
1656
19
11 185
2012
259
-
469
-
32
-
449
447
1500
1038
311
3478
1770
-
9753
2013
NL
675
-
24
21
1
-
262
280
871
1055
68
3293
1435
-
7985
2014
2
728
209
411
15
-
-
167
215
4089
505
100
1334
1159
-
8934
2015
3
657
49
236
25
3
-
192
537
11 410
678
3
480
2508
47
16 828
2016
495
107
493
61
-
24
1065
1243
8887
1052
183
3949
2862
71
20 492
2017
425
38
763
44
3
-
790
562
7348
1059
94
3922
2813
429
18 287
2018
374
400
47
2440
51
7
-
1010
876
14 057
699
272
4721
2435
62
27 451
2019
244
73
363
1599
59
10
-
652
-
17741
1421
455
7366
2184
569
32 736
2020
1483
112
146
1797
41
4
-
1081
-
22 854
868
-
6085
737
403
35 613
20211
-
151
182
1128
70
6
-
1379
-
35 799
377
-
6008
535
552
46187
Table 6. 3 . S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Nominal catch (t) by countries in Division 2.a (including landings from the pelagic trawl fishery in the international waters).
1 - Provisional figures.
Year
Netherlands
Faroe Islands
France
Germany
Greenland
Ireland
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Russia
Spain
Denmark
UK
Total
1998
-
-
-
42
-
3
521
13
7
642
122
-
29
1379
1999
-
4
10
42
-
-
457
6
9
902
15
-
20
1465
2000
-
-
1
27
-
1
82
2
17
946
69
-
27
1172
2001
-
11
4
37
-
-
293
5
74
763
72
Estonia
25
1284
2002
-
38
4
40
-
-
210
8
118
702
182
15
31
1348
2003
-
6
4
15
-
-
190
7
27
212
39
-
22
522
2004
-
33
5
6
-
-
386
42
149
443
250
-
58
1372
2005
Iceland - 2
7
46
10
17
1
-
673
-
69
1389
143
5
80
2442
2006
-
13
16
8
11
1
688
29
73
843
121
-
67
1870
2007
-
40
8
1
-
1
155
2
88
389
22
-
62
768
2008
-
28
8
7
1
-
263
6
47
520
33
-
19
932
2009
Canada - 3
3
27
8
19
-
-
466
1
42
458
41
-
17
1085
2010
-
18
-
8
-
-
339
-
47
501
1
-
24
938
2011
LT - 4
-
52
-
139
-
-
741
11
14
698
23
-
36
1717
2012
Iceland - 4
-
-
-
48
-
-
581
7
-
606
10
-
-
1256
2013
-
22
-
56
-
-
815
16
23
357
23
-
-
1312
2014
1
15
6
34
-
-
8901
3
-
307
3
-
-
9270
2015
-
-
-
6
5
-
7885
1
-
536
21
-
5
8459
2016
-
7
27
-
14
-
9078
24
14
4241
9
-
50
13 464
2017
-
18
7
1
10
-
9522
5
1
2476
25
4
7
12 075
2018
LT - 144
-
25
20
14
6
-
4281
3
-
5400
22
-
1
9915
2019
-
-
4
-
543
-
5734
-
-
5873
19
-
17
12 190
20201
LV - 2
-
2
5
4
2
-
9760
-
-
7671
6
-
34
17 486
20211
-
52
6
38
1
7803
2
-
8512
79
1
103
16 596
Table 6. 4 . S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Nominal catch (t) by countries in Division 2.b.
1 - Provisional figures.
Year
Estonia
Faroe Islands
France
Germany
Iceland
Latvia
Lithuania
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Russia
Spain
UK
Total
2002
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
2003
-
-
-
40
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
40
2004
-
500
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
1510
-
-
2012
2005
-
1083
-
20
-
-
-
-
-
-
3299
-
-
4402
2006
CAN - 433
396
3766
192
2475
2510
341
845
2862
2447
1697
9390
575
841
28 770
2007
684
1968
226
497
1579
349
785
1813
1079
1377
3645
2155
-
16 157
2008
-
1797
-
-
-
267
117
330
-
641
4901
390
-
8443
2009
EU - 889
-
1253
-
-
-
-
-
-
337
701
1975
135
-
5290
2010
-
912
-
-
-
243
457
450
-
244
5103
820
-
8229
2011
-
740
175
693
-
536
561
342
-
595
3621
1648
-
8911
2012
-
259
-
469
31
447
449
-
311
1038
2714
1768
-
7486
2013
8
675
-
-
-
280
262
1
68
1078
2720
1435
-
6527
2014
-
697
-
409
-
215
167
-
100
505
795
1146
-
4034
2015
-
606
-
231
-
537
192
-
-
678
-
2508
-
4752
2016
-
393
-
493
-
1243
1065
9
-
821
512
2862
-
7398
2017
NL
-
296
-
761
-
562
790
-
14
791
1014
2624
-
6852
2018
374
-
400
-
2192
-
876
1010
-
116
372
-
2399
-
7739
2019
244
Greenland
-
298
1157
-
-
652
1
364
1096
117
1908
223
6060
2020
1366
3
-
73
1380
-
-
1081
-
-
480
25
737
324
5469
20211
-
-
-
117
514
-
-
1379
-
-
84
498
280
-
2872
Table 6. 5 . S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Nominal catch (t) by countries of the pelagic fishery in international waters of the Norwegian Sea (see text for further details).
1 - Provisional figures.
Year
Latvia
Lithuania
Estonia
Faroe Islands
France
Germany4
Greenland
Iceland
Ireland
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Russia5
Spain
UK (E&W)
UK (Scot.)
Total
1984
-
-
-
-
2970
7457
-
-
-
-
18 650
-
1806
69689
25
716
-
101 313
1985
-
-
-
-
3326
6566
-
-
-
-
20 456
-
2056
59943
38
167
-
92 552
1986
-
DK
-
29
2719
4884
-
-
-
-
23 255
-
1591
20694
-
129
14
53 315
1987
-
+
-
4503
1611
5829
-
-
-
-
18 051
-
1175
7215
25
230
9
34 595
1988
-
-
-
973
3349
2355
-
-
-
-
24 662
-
500
9139
26
468
2
41 494
1989
-
-
-
338
1849
4245
-
-
-
-
25 295
-
340
14344
52
271
1
46 688
1990
-
373
-
386
1821
6741
-
-
-
-
34 090
-
830
18918
-
333
-
63 156
1991
-
23
-
639
791
981
-
-
-
-
49 463
-
166
15354
1
336
13
67 768
1992
CAN
9
-
58
1301
530
614
-
-
-
23 451
-
977
4335
16
479
3
31 773
1993
83
4
-
152
921
685
15
-
-
-
18 319
-
1040
7573
13
734
1
29 465
1994
-
28
-
26
771
1026
6
4
3
-
21 466
-
985
6220
34
259
13
30 841
1995
-
-
-
30
748
693
7
1
5
1
16 162
-
936
6985
67
252
13
25 900
1996
-
-
-
423
746
618
37
-
2
-
21 675
-
522
1641
409
305
121
26 118
1997
-
-
-
7
1011
538
392
-
11
-
18 839
1
535
4556
308
235
29
26 109
1998
-
-
-
98
567
231
473
-
28
-
26 273
13
131
5278
228
211
94
33 200
1999
-
-
-
108
613
430
97
14
10
-
24 634
6
68
4422
36
247
62
30 195
2000
-
-
-
673
25
222
51
65
1
-
19 052
2
131
4631
87
-
2036
24 536
2001
-
-
-
1113
46
436
34
3
5
-
23 071
5
186
4738
91
-
2396
28 965
2002
-
-
15
1353
89
141
49
44
4
-
10 713
83
276
4736
1932
-
2346
16 636
2003
S
-
-
1733
30
154
443
9
53
89
8063
7
50
1431
472
-
2586
10 360
2004
1
-
-
607
173
78
243
40
3
33
760812
42
240
36012
2602
-
1456
12 699
2005
CAN
LT
5
1194
56
105
753
122
43
552
784512
-
196
5637
1713
-
1476
15 502
2006
433
845
396
3919
223
2518
1073
25443
123
21
11 015
24962
1873
12126
7192
-
10666
40 649
2007
LV
785
684
2343
249
587
843
16552
73
20
89932
10812
1708
6550
21862
-
2576
27 591
2008
267
117
-
21233
250
46
963
363
153
15
74361
8
785
7866
4672
EU7
1686
19 695
2009
-
-
-
1413
16
100
81
99
-
4
8128
338
836
4541
177
889
1116
16 733
2010
2433
4573
-
1150
226
52
843
243
-
-
8059
13
321
6979
1187
-
1236
18 906
2011
536
565
-
10082
228
844
51
24
-
1
7152
59
638
5956
16842
-
686
18 814
2012
447
449
-
346
182
588
58
59
12
5
6361
352
1055
4782
17802
DK
1006
16 576
2013
280
262
-
780
353
81
66
9
1
-
5606
103
1114
4474
1459
1
4936
15 082
2014
215
167
-
810
434
452
35
29
-
4
16 556
124
510
2510
1162
-
2116
23 219
2015
537
192
-
733
102
266
259
38
-
3
22 208
22
678
1806
2531
1
1096
29 485
2016
1243
1065
-
685
164
497
161
79
-
-
22 322
234
1066
9283
32013
7
1986
40 217
2017
562
790
4
566
62
782
127
68
-
2
20 581
129
1150
7890
2882
-
5966
36 192
2018
1020
1010
-
571
104
2539
159
77
-
374
23 563
311
766
12 331
2469
1
1006
45 395
2019
-
656
-
392
395
1692
671
93
-
244
29 795
491
1495
15 373
2287
-
6156
54 199
2020
2
1081
-
315
164
1895
161
57
-
1483
39 453
13
956
16 489
750
4566
63 277
20211
-
1379
-
613
224
1242
177
78
-
-
51 498
22
441
16 624
623
7516
73 675
Table 6. 6 . REDFISH in subareas 1 and 2. Nominal catch (t) by countries in Subarea 1, divisions 2.a and 2.b combined for both S. mentella and S. norvegicus.
1 - Provisional figures.
2 - Working Group figure.
3 - As reported to Norwegian authorities or NEAFC.
4 - Includes former GDR prior to 1991.
5 - USSR prior to 1991.
6 - UK(E&W) + UK(Scot.)
7 - EU not split on countries.
Year
Belgium
Denmark
Faroe Islands
France
Germany
Ireland
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Sweden
UK (Scot.)
Total
1998
2
27
12
570
370
4
21
1113
-
-
749
2868
1999
3
52
1
-
58
39
16
862
-
-
532
1563
2000
5
41
-
224
19
28
19
443
-
-
618
1397
2001
4
96
-
272
13
19
+
421
-
-
538
1363
2002
2
40
2
98
11
7
+
241
-
-
524
925
2003
1
71
2
26
2
-
-
474
-
-
463
1039
2004
+
42
3
26
1
-
-
287
-
-
214
578
2005
2
34
-
10
1
-
-
84
-
-
28
159
2006
1
49
1
12
3
-
-
163
-
33
-
79
341
2007
+
27
-
8
1
-
-
116
1
-
-
77
230
2008
+
3
-
8
1
-
-
77
-
-
1
54
144
2009
+
4
1
38
+
-
-
119
-
-
+
86
248
2010
-
5
-
3
-
-
-
62
-
-
+
150
220
2011
-
9
-
90
1
-
-
66
-
-
+
71
237
2012
-
10
-
19
+
-
-
71
-
-
+
87
187
2013
-
7
-
40
+
-
-
54
-
-
-
176
277
2014
-
-
-
32
1
-
-
146
-
-
+
93
272
2015
+
1
-
14
1
-
-
157
-
-
+
61
234
2016
-
3
-
11
+
-
-
180
-
-
+
22
216
2017
-
3
-
10
+
-
-
168
-
-
+
38
21
2018
-
10
-
4
-
-
-
71
-
-
+
29
114
20191
-
7
+
10
+
-
+
62
-
-
+
10
89
2020
-
10
-
4
+
-
+
54
-
-
+
27
95
20211
-
4
-
11
+
-
+
30
-
-
+
123
168
Table 6. 7 . REDFISH in Subarea 4 (North Sea). Nominal catch (t) by countries as officially reported to ICES. Not included in the assessment.
1 - Provisional figures.
+ denotes less than 0.5 tonnes.
Year/Age
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
+gp
Total No.
Tonnes Land.
1992
1 873
2 498
1 898
1 622
1 780
1 531
2 108
2 288
2 258
2 506
2 137
1 512
677
9 258
33 946
15 590
1993
159
159
174
512
2 094
3 139
2 631
2 308
2 987
1 875
1 514
1 053
527
6 022
25 154
12 814
1994
738
730
722
992
2 561
2 734
3 060
1 535
2 253
2 182
3 336
1 284
734
3 257
26 118
12 721
1995
662
941
1 279
719
740
1 230
2 013
4 297
3 300
2 162
1 454
757
794
2 404
22 752
10 284
1996
223
634
1 699
1 554
1 236
1 078
1 146
1 413
1 865
880
621
498
700
2 247
15 794
8075
1997
125
533
1 287
1 247
1 297
1 244
876
1 416
1 784
1 217
537
1 177
342
3 568
16 650
8598
1998
37
882
2 904
4 236
3 995
2 741
1 877
1 373
1 277
1 595
1 117
784
786
6 241
29 845
14 045
1999
9
83
441
1 511
2 250
3 262
1 867
1 454
1 447
1 557
1 418
1 317
658
3 919
21 193
11 209
2000
1
24
390
1 235
2 460
2 149
1 816
1 205
1 001
993
932
505
596
5 705
19 012
10 075
2001
117
372
542
976
925
1 712
2 651
2 660
1 911
1 773
1 220
714
814
16 234
32 621
18 418
2002
2
40
252
572
709
532
1 382
1 893
1 617
855
629
163
237
4 082
12 965
6993
2003
6
37
103
93
132
220
384
391
434
466
513
199
231
1 193
4 402
2520
2004
7
16
70
96
278
429
611
433
1 063
813
830
841
607
3 076
9 170
5493
2005
2
20
57
155
244
262
295
754
783
1 896
817
1 087
1 023
6 065
13 460
8465
2006
0
4
3
38
64
121
423
1 461
1 356
2 835
4 271
3 487
3 969
32 084
50 116
33 261
2007
0
1
3
22
33
86
235
631
2 194
2 825
3 657
4 359
3 540
15 824
33 410
20 219
2008
0
0
1
10
46
100
197
469
612
1 502
1 384
894
1 886
11 906
19 007
13 096
2009
0
1
16
22
42
39
254
258
577
364
823
692
1 856
11 706
16 650
10 246
2010
10
4
6
19
34
55
61
241
267
390
566
655
667
13 879
16 854
11 924
2011
4
4
4
25
55
114
11
103
286
394
408
479
567
15 223
17 677
12 962
2012
4
24
29
24
26
66
69
78
80
279
387
365
409
13 332
15 172
11 056
2013
0
3
19
101
90
44
41
42
9
177
146
185
317
12 826
14 000
9389
2014
14
27
338
95
114
92
147
54
108
68
248
287
193
23 101
24 886
18 426
2015
43
41
134
565
843
1 355
1 245
717
385
945
289
595
871
29 441
37 469
25 570
2016
40
0
977
667
3 350
2 579
2 983
1 995
1 964
1 269
1 342
1 256
1 108
36 719
56 249
34 754
2017
36
187
403
461
1 042
1 431
1 226
1 370
1 222
1 648
1 462
1 272
1 786
32 989
46 535
30 783
2018
50
319
611
822
1 363
2 481
2 663
2 825
2 816
2 872
2 623
1 804
2 353
41 030
64 632
38 046
2019
129
447
809
1 257
2 122
2 225
2 024
2 238
2 394
3 141
2 814
1 982
2 511
45 497
69 590
45 640
2020
5
14
571
231
2 023
1 277
1 732
3 179
2 592
2 537
3 768
3 291
3 000
47 712
71 932
53 631
2021
79
470
1 007
1 280
2 286
2 825
2 247
2 827
3 127
4 297
4 038
2 879
3 656
60 437
91 455
63 482
Table 6. 8 . S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Catch numbers-at-age 6 to 18 and 19+ (in thousands) and total landings (in tonnes). For the periods 2014–2015, 2017-2018 and 2020-2021, age data are missing from the pelagic fishery. For the years 2017, 2019 and 2021, age data are missing from the demersal fishery fisheries. The numbers-at-age have been estimated following the method outlined in section 6.2.2.
Numbers 103
Age
YEAR
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19+
2006
0
0
0
0
23
93
1 083
323
1 563
3 628
2 514
3 756
29 704
2007
0
0
9
18
25
154
444
1 642
2 302
3 021
3 394
3 156
12 684
2008
0
0
0
0
28
146
115
143
214
594
752
753
13 258
2009
0
0
0
0
9
1 314
294
471
889
999
869
1 150
2 981
2010
0
0
0
0
0
0
155
74
135
224
356
458
12 497
2011
0
0
0
0
0
223
83
83
168
136
166
136
13 182
20121
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
227
90
139
206
10 087
20132
0
0
78
27
28
0
0
0
94
28
104
168
9 473
20143
0
0
0
74
24
25
0
0
0
58
16
57
4 920
20153
0
0
0
0
170
54
51
0
0
0
84
22
6 343
20163
0
0
154
307
271
276
134
90
107
239
445
229
10 499
20173
0
0
0
238
462
390
370
165
100
109
226
402
8 349
20183
0
0
0
0
691
1 281
1 008
874
352
195
198
393
12 659
2019
25
5
200
400
220
242
197
279
183
155
135
161
6 696
20204
0
44
8
345
672
353
362
270
345
206
163
136
5 496
20214
0
0
45
8
339
631
309
290
195
228
127
96
2 380
Table 6. 9 . Pelagic S. mentella in the Norwegian Sea (outside the EEZ). Catch numbers-at-age.
1 - No age data in 2012, catch numbers-at-age are estimated from proportions at age in 2011 and in 2013.
2 - No age data from the catches in 2013. Age readings from the research survey conducted in September 2013 are used to derive catch numbers-at-age.
3 - No age data in 2014 – 2018, catch numbers-at-age are estimated from previous year according to protocol described in section 6.2.2.
4 - No age data in 2020-2021, catch numbers-at-age are estimated from previous year according to protocol described in section 6.2.2.
Year
Length group
18–20
20–22
22–24
24–26
26–28
28–30
30–32
32–34
34–36
36–38
38–40
40–42
42–44
44–46
46–48
48–50
50–52
2011
0
12
0
0
1
8
249
2544
6481
6528
3620
829
95
18
1
0
0
2012
0
0
23
19
26
28
41
287
1898
5030
5385
1911
451
197
43
23
0
2013
0
0
4
32
154
137
90
69
1382
4214
4480
1633
497
197
0
0
0
2014
0
5
0
25
29
235
660
697
3358
7667
8544
3808
787
34
0
0
0
2015
Data not available at the time of the working group
2016
Data not available at the time of the working group
2017
Data not available at the time of the working group
2018
Data not available at the time of the working group
2019
Data not available at the time of the working group
2020
Data not available at the time of the working group
2021
Data not available at the time of the working group
Table 6. 10 . S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Total catch numbers-at-length, in thousands, for 2011–2021.
Length group
Year
18–20
20–22
22–24
24–26
26–28
28–30
30–32
32–34
34–36
36–38
38–40
40–42
42–44
44–46
46–48
48–50
50–52
2011
0
0
0
0
1
8
244
2562
5887
4425
1537
287
13
0
1
0
0
2012
0
0
0
0
0
0
106
2014
5092
3681
952
48
0
0
0
0
0
2013
0
0
0
0
0
0
75
1352
4791
2967
730
87
6
0
0
0
0
2014
0
0
0
0
0
3
14
349
2408
2454
827
80
6
1
0
0
0
2015
Data not available at the time of the working group
2016
Data not available at the time of the working group
2017
Data not available at the time of the working group
2018
Data not available at the time of the working group
2019
Data not available at the time of the working group
2020
Data not available at the time of the working group
2021
Data not available at the time of the working group
Table 6. 11 . S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Catch numbers-at-length, in thousands, in the pelagic fishery for 2011–2021.
Year/Age
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19+
1992
0.167
0.164
0.211
0.241
0.309
0.324
0.378
0.366
0.428
0.454
0.487
0.529
0.571
0.805
1993
0.141
0.181
0.217
0.254
0.306
0.357
0.349
0.4
0.45
0.436
0.46
0.499
0.462
0.846
1994
0.174
0.188
0.235
0.298
0.361
0.396
0.415
0.48
0.492
0.562
0.642
0.636
0.72
0.846
1995
0.158
0.185
0.226
0.261
0.324
0.36
0.432
0.468
0.496
0.519
0.566
0.573
0.621
0.758
1996
0.175
0.189
0.224
0.272
0.323
0.337
0.377
0.518
0.536
0.603
0.69
0.8
0.683
0.958
1997
0.152
0.191
0.228
0.28
0.324
0.367
0.435
0.492
0.521
0.615
0.601
0.611
0.671
0.911
1998
0.12
0.148
0.192
0.261
0.326
0.373
0.427
0.496
0.537
0.566
0.587
0.625
0.658
0.809
1999
0.133
0.17
0.226
0.286
0.343
0.382
0.441
0.483
0.537
0.565
0.62
0.644
0.672
0.757
2000
0.109
0.144
0.199
0.276
0.332
0.392
0.437
0.49
0.54
0.585
0.631
0.65
0.671
0.872
2001
0.115
0.137
0.183
0.262
0.31
0.356
0.4
0.434
0.484
0.534
0.581
0.615
0.624
0.819
2002
0.114
0.139
0.182
0.253
0.329
0.372
0.392
0.434
0.476
0.52
0.545
0.587
0.601
0.833
2003
0.109
0.124
0.196
0.245
0.312
0.371
0.422
0.434
0.477
0.516
0.551
0.591
0.623
0.817
2004
0.104
0.129
0.18
0.264
0.308
0.376
0.413
0.444
0.478
0.521
0.579
0.614
0.688
0.835
2005
0.104
0.136
0.196
0.263
0.322
0.37
0.408
0.451
0.478
0.523
0.55
0.551
0.64
0.797
2006
0.107
0.143
0.2
0.266
0.314
0.374
0.419
0.462
0.489
0.527
0.57
0.602
0.59
0.796
2007
0.115
0.131
0.18
0.252
0.305
0.364
0.409
0.449
0.485
0.513
0.523
0.554
0.569
0.737
2008
0
0.158
0.177
0.242
0.304
0.402
0.465
0.486
0.511
0.546
0.6
0.596
0.635
0.803
2009
0.129
0.179
0.206
0.249
0.326
0.394
0.51
0.55
0.542
0.583
0.609
0.594
0.595
0.809
2010
0.129
0.128
0.175
0.263
0.375
0.447
0.501
0.541
0.582
0.602
0.593
0.608
0.592
0.706
2011
0.136
0.156
0.183
0.261
0.316
0.435
0.512
0.604
0.655
0.609
0.671
0.647
0.677
0.795
2012
0.135
0.178
0.225
0.246
0.249
0.356
0.474
0.582
0.53
0.626
0.654
0.73
0.699
0.833
2013
0.129
0.145
0.189
0.23
0.27
0.282
0.345
0.384
0.534
0.559
0.634
0.627
0.661
0.72
2014
0.193
0.172
0.221
0.167
0.192
0.239
0.333
0.277
0.364
0.516
0.713
0.78
0.797
0.882
2015
0.167
0.168
0.232
0.294
0.346
0.383
0.457
0.436
0.474
0.538
0.665
0.69
0.724
0.824
20161
0.11
0
0.331
0.356
0.401
0.392
0.434
0.486
0.543
0.579
0.74
0.591
0.598
0.776
2017
0.154
0.196
0.254
0.27
0.306
0.413
0.425
0.458
0.533
0.472
0.562
0.65
0.692
0.796
20181
0
0.233
0.135
0.371
0.323
0.28
0.379
0.452
0.524
0.633
0.483
0.589
0.457
0.821
20191
0.118
0.38
0.341
0.47
0.538
0.523
0.539
0.565
0.572
0.62
0.656
0.601
0.633
0.744
Modelled
0.141
0.188
0.237
0.286
0.334
0.381
0.424
0.465
0.503
0.537
0.569
0.597
0.623
0.755
Table 6. 12 . S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Observed mean weights-at-age (kg) from the Norwegian data (Catches and surveys combined). Weights-at-age used in the statistical catch-at-age model are identical for every year and given at the bottom line of the table.
1 - Provisional figures.
Year/ Age
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19+
2006
0.44
0.44
0.52
0.44
0.49
0.55
0.53
0.56
0.61
2007
0.39
0.43
0.41
0.48
0.50
0.52
0.55
0.57
0.64
2008
0.36
0.47
0.56
0.50
0.56
0.54
0.56
0.55
0.64
2009
0.38
0.44
0.45
0.48
0.54
0.59
0.64
0.58
0.69
2010
-
-
0.62
0.56
0.54
0.59
0.59
0.56
0.61
2011
-
0.48
0.54
0.54
0.64
0.59
0.54
0.59
0.59
2012
No data
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
20132
0.31
-
-
-
0.56
0.62
0.60
0.62
0.68
2014
No data
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2015
No data
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2016
No data
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2017
No data
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2018
No data
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2019
No data
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2020
No data
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
20211
No data
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Table 6. 13 . Pelagic S. mentella in the Norwegian Sea (outside the EEZ). Catch weights-at-age (kg).
1 - Provisional figures.
2 - As observed in the research survey in the Norwegian Sea in September 2013.
year/Age
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19+
1992
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.04
0.07
0.14
0.26
0.42
0.53
0.59
0.65
0.70
0.75
1.00
1993
0.01
0.02
0.04
0.08
0.15
0.28
0.44
0.55
0.61
0.67
0.72
0.77
0.82
1.00
1994
0.02
0.04
0.08
0.15
0.28
0.44
0.59
0.72
0.81
0.88
0.93
0.96
0.98
1.00
1995
0.03
0.07
0.13
0.24
0.39
0.57
0.71
0.83
0.90
0.95
0.97
0.98
0.99
1.00
1996
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.05
0.10
0.19
0.33
0.50
0.59
0.66
0.73
0.79
0.84
1.00
1997
0.02
0.04
0.08
0.16
0.29
0.46
0.55
0.61
0.66
0.71
0.76
0.80
0.84
1.00
1998
0.02
0.04
0.08
0.15
0.26
0.43
0.56
0.65
0.73
0.80
0.85
0.90
0.93
1.00
1999
0.03
0.05
0.10
0.20
0.34
0.51
0.57
0.64
0.70
0.75
0.80
0.84
0.87
1.00
2000
0.03
0.06
0.11
0.21
0.36
0.52
0.63
0.73
0.81
0.87
0.91
0.94
0.96
1.00
2001
0.01
0.02
0.04
0.09
0.17
0.30
0.47
0.56
0.62
0.68
0.74
0.79
0.83
1.00
2002
0.02
0.05
0.10
0.19
0.33
0.50
0.54
0.59
0.63
0.67
0.70
0.74
0.77
1.00
2003
0.03
0.06
0.12
0.21
0.36
0.51
0.57
0.63
0.69
0.73
0.78
0.82
0.85
1.00
2004
0.03
0.06
0.12
0.22
0.37
0.51
0.55
0.59
0.63
0.67
0.70
0.73
0.76
1.00
2005
0.02
0.05
0.09
0.18
0.31
0.49
0.55
0.61
0.66
0.71
0.75
0.79
0.83
1.00
2006
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.07
0.13
0.24
0.39
0.53
0.59
0.64
0.70
0.75
0.79
1.00
2007
0.02
0.04
0.09
0.17
0.30
0.47
0.64
0.77
0.87
0.93
0.96
0.98
0.99
1.00
20081
0.02
0.04
0.08
0.15
0.27
0.43
0.55
0.62
0.68
0.74
0.79
0.83
0.87
1.00
2009
0.02
0.04
0.09
0.17
0.30
0.47
0.60
0.71
0.80
0.87
0.92
0.95
0.97
1.00
2010
0.02
0.04
0.08
0.16
0.28
0.45
0.54
0.60
0.66
0.71
0.76
0.80
0.83
1.00
20111
0.02
0.04
0.08
0.15
0.27
0.43
0.55
0.62
0.68
0.74
0.79
0.83
0.87
1.00
2012
0.02
0.05
0.10
0.19
0.32
0.50
0.59
0.68
0.75
0.81
0.86
0.90
0.93
1.00
2013
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.04
0.08
0.15
0.28
0.45
0.62
0.77
0.87
0.93
0.97
1.00
2014
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.06
0.12
0.23
0.38
0.53
0.61
0.68
0.74
1.00
2015
0.01
0.02
0.05
0.09
0.17
0.31
0.48
0.54
0.58
0.63
0.67
0.71
0.74
1.00
2016
0.03
0.06
0.12
0.22
0.38
0.52
0.56
0.61
0.66
0.70
0.74
0.77
0.81
1.00
20171
0.02
0.04
0.08
0.15
0.27
0.43
0.55
0.62
0.68
0.74
0.79
0.83
0.87
1.00
20181
0.02
0.04
0.08
0.15
0.27
0.43
0.55
0.62
0.68
0.74
0.79
0.83
0.87
1.00
20191
0.02
0.04
0.08
0.15
0.27
0.43
0.55
0.62
0.68
0.74
0.79
0.83
0.87
1.00
20201
0.02
0.04
0.08
0.15
0.27
0.43
0.55
0.62
0.68
0.74
0.79
0.83
0.87
1.00
20211
0.02
0.04
0.08
0.15
0.27
0.43
0.55
0.62
0.68
0.74
0.79
0.83
0.87
1.00
Table 6. 14 . Proportion of maturity-at-age 6–19+ in S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2 derived from Norwegian commercial and survey data. The proportions were derived from samples with at least 5 individuals. a50 w1 and w2 are the annual coefficients for modelled maturity ogives using a double half sigmoid of the form 0.5 ((1+tanh(age- a50)/w1)) for age < a50 and 0.5 (1+tanh((age- a50)/w2) for age > a50. a50 equals the age at 50% maturity.
1 - Model parameter estimates were unrealistic and replaced by average parameter values.
Year class
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
1974
-
-
4.8
-
4.9
22.8
4.8
4.8
-
-
-
3
1975
-
7.4
-
1.7
6.4
2.4
3.5
5
-
-
4
-
1976
7
-
8.1
1.2
2.5
6.8
4.9
5
1
13
-
-
1977
-
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.9
5.1
3.7
1
19
2
-
-
1978
0.8
0.02
0.9
1
5
3.8
2
20
6
-
-
-
1979
-
1.9
1.4
3.6
2.3
9
11
16
1
-
-
0.1
1980
0.3
0.4
2
2.5
16
6
11
25
2
-
1.5
2
1981
-
2.2
3.9
20
6
12
47
18
6.3
1.6
0.5
1
1982
19.8
13.2
13
15
34
44
39
32.6
4.3
3.1
4.9
+
1983
12.5
3
5
6
31
34
32.3
13.3
4
4.2
0.6
1.1
1984
-
10
2
-
5
18.3
19
2.2
2.4
0.2
1.7
2.4
1985
107
7
-
1
5.2
16.2
1.7
1.7
0.6
2.8
3.8
0.3
1986
2
-
1
1.8
8.4
3.6
2.1
1.2
5.6
8.2
0.9
0.7
1987
-
3
37.9
1.3
8
4.1
2
10.6
9.6
1.4
2
1.3
1988
4
58.1
4.3
13.3
25.8
3.9
8.6
11.2
2.8
4.2
3
4.7
1989
8.7
9
17
23.4
4.6
5.4
4
6.6
6.6
4.1
7.7
5.3
1990
2.5
6.3
6.1
1
4.3
1.7
11.5
6.5
5.5
6.7
7.4
3.6
1991
0.3
1
0.5
1.5
1.2
11.3
3.9
3.3
4.6
5.8
2.7
1.9
1992
0.6
+
0.2
0.1
4.3
1.3
2
2.3
4.9
2.3
1
4.1
19931
-
+
1.5
1.8
1
1.2
3
4.2
2.6
2
3.2
2.1
1994
0.3
3.5
1.7
1.7
0.9
3.6
5.2
4.3
3.1
3.3
1.8
1.2
1995
2.8
1
1.1
0.4
2.2
2.6
3.5
3.4
2.9
1.2
1
8.5
19962
+
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.7
1.1
1
1.4
1
0.8
3.7
0.6
1997
-
-
+
0.4
0.5
0.3
0.9
0.6
1
1.1
0.5
0.4
1998
-
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.2
1.1
0.5
0.7
1
0.4
0.4
0.7
1999
0.1
-
0.1
+
0.1
0.3
0.5
0.8
0.5
0.2
0.4
0.6
2000
-
0.6
0.1
0.5
0.3
0.3
0.6
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.7
0.3
2001
-
0.1
0.4
-
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.8
0.1
1
20023
0.1
0.5
0.1
-
-
0.1
0.5
0.4
1.5
0.5
1
1.1
2003
-
-
0.1
-
0.3
1.0
0.5
4.8
2.1
3.7
1.3
1.9
2004
-
0.2
0.3
0.5
1.5
0.9
4.4
3.7
7.5
4.1
3.1
3.3
2005
-
-
1.4
1.9
1.4
2.3
3.9
7.2
6.1
6.8
3.1
20064
0.1
1.8
1.2
1.1
0.8
2.1
4.1
3.0
6.1
5.9
2007
2.5
0.4
0.1
1.2
1.7
2.4
3.6
4.3
7.4
2008
0.1
0.1
1.6
1.8
4.1
2.9
5.8
5.5
2009
1.6
1.9
1.1
4.4
4.8
2.9
4.8
2010
7.5
0.7
1.2
1.5
1.9
1.6
2011
0.1
0.3
0.6
1.6
1.6
2012
0.2
0.7
0.5
0.3
2013
0.1
0.1
0.4
2014
3.6
1.0
2015
6.6
Table 6. 15 . S. mentella. Average catch (numbers of specimens) per hour trawling of different ages of S. mentella in the Russian groundfish survey in the Barents Sea and Svalbard areas (1976–1983 published in Annales Biologiques). The survey was not conducted in 2016 took place in 2017 with insufficient coverage and was terminated after that year.
1 - Not complete area coverage of Division 2.b.
2 - Area surveyed restricted to Subarea 1 and Division 2.a only.
3 - Area surveyed restricted to Subarea 1 and Division 2.b only.
4 - Area surveyed restricted to divisions 2.a and 2.b only.
Year
Length group (cm)
5.0–9.9
10.0–14.9
15.0–19.9
20.0–24.9
25.0–29.9
30.0–34.9
35.0–39.9
40.0–44.9
> 45.0
Total
19862
6
101
192
17
10
5
2
4
0
337
19872
20
14
140
19
6
2
1
2
0
204
19882
33
23
82
77
7
3
2
2
0
229
1989
556
225
24
72
17
2
2
8
4
910
1990
184
820
59
65
111
23
15
7
3
1287
1991
1533
1426
563
55
138
38
30
7
1
3791
1992
149
446
268
43
22
15
4
7
4
958
1993
9
320
272
89
16
13
3
1
0
723
1994
4
284
613
242
10
9
2
2
1
1167
1995
33
33
417
349
77
18
5
1
0
933
1996
56
69
139
310
97
8
4
1
1
685
1997
3
44
13
65
57
9
5
0
0
195
1998
0
37
35
28
132
73
45
2
0
352
1999
3
3
124
62
260
169
42
1
0
664
2000
0
10
30
59
126
143
21
1
0
391
2001
1
5
3
32
57
227
50
3
0
378
2002
1
4
6
21
62
266
47
4
0
410
2003
1
5
7
11
51
244
45
1
0
364
2004
0
2
8
6
14
78
49
2
0
160
2005
22
1
4
4
10
70
47
1
0
158
2006
85
6
5
7
43
200
108
3
0
457
2007
97
68
1
5
11
102
119
3
0
406
2008
124
47
22
3
8
22
70
3
0
299
2009
9
122
88
14
3
27
219
5
0
486
2010
96
18
44
37
2
20
91
7
0
315
2011
126
91
81
48
10
7
67
5
1
436
2012
29
71
65
77
47
8
94
10
0
400
2013
33
43
127
106
67
19
89
13
0
497
20143
3
10
59
49
38
24
66
20
0
268
2015
85
7
28
157
115
65
69
25
0
552
2016
244
33
44
205
138
139
142
48
0
993
2017
41
39
8
20
59
76
57
17
0
317
2018
66
62
55
35
100
65
80
26
0
489
2019
3
25
84
31
59
82
72
25
1
381
2020
97
8
57
39
40
115
97
16
0
470
2021
492
135
15
39
16
58
88
18
0
860
Table 6.16a. S. mentella1 in Division 2.b. Abundance indices (on length) from the bottom-trawl survey in the Svalbard area (Division 2.b) in summer/fall 1986–2021 (numbers in millions).
1 - Includes some unidentified Sebastes specimens mostly less than 15 cm.
2 - Old trawl equipment (bobbins gear and 80 m sweep length).
3 - Poor survey coverage in 2014.
Year/Age
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Total
1992
283
419
484
131
58
45
14
8
5
2
7
2
1
3
1462
1993
2
527
117
202
142
8
23
6
13
1
7
1
1
0
1050
1994
7
280
290
202
235
42
94
1
1
3
4
1
1
0
1161
1995
4
50
365
237
132
61
19
17
11
0
1
3
0
0
900
1996
13
32
10
36
103
135
78
16
50
28
32
8
21
2
565
1997
8
43
6
7
38
18
29
19
6
2
0
2
1
1
181
1998
0
25
27
13
10
12
61
52
41
15
0
5
13
0
276
1999
3
16
108
25
28
39
106
59
54
26
35
14
18
12
543
2000
4
6
5
13
30
21
28
44
66
48
21
19
9
6
321
2001
1
4
2
0
12
15
18
36
28
46
45
80
53
14
354
2002
3
2
4
1
5
22
34
23
90
35
54
65
17
22
377
2003
0
4
3
3
5
3
29
25
25
25
11
164
55
23
376
2004
1
1
4
4
1
4
2
9
4
15
14
17
15
15
108
2005
15
1
1
3
1
2
2
8
4
5
14
7
30
21
115
2006
35
1
3
3
2
6
5
37
3
20
46
69
8
22
258
2007
28
39
0
0
4
1
5
5
7
5
3
7
28
17
150
2008
6
24
19
11
3
2
2
4
3
3
3
3
6
8
96
2009
9
69
50
29
26
25
7
1
1
1
4
20
11
8
260
2010
No age readings available
2011
125
42
61
42
12
49
31
4
1
0
2
0
0
1
369
2012
27
54
32
27
34
43
26
34
18
9
0
1
0
0
305
2013
30
4
29
36
7
93
72
43
40
7
8
3
3
3
377
20142,3
0
3
2
7
21
40
13
27
5
30
13
11
3
2
176
2015
63
1
10
56
36
54
33
95
28
21
12
4
5
3
421
2016
No age readings available
2017
39
26
10
13
14
20
39
16
29
8
6
19
1
28
269
2018
No age readings available
2019
0
32
53
0
24
21
21
46
52
76
0
0
0
0
324
2020
No age readings available
2021
No age readings available
Table 6.16b. S. mentella 1 in Division 2.b. Norwegian bottom-trawl survey indices (on age) in the Svalbard area (Division 2.b) in summer/fall 1992–2021 (numbers in millions).
1 - Includes some unidentified Sebastes specimens mostly less than 15 cm.
2 - Old trawl equipment (bobbins gear and 80 m sweep length).
3 - Poor survey coverage in 2014.
Year/ age
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16+
Total N
Total B
1996
146 198
112 742
22 353
53 507
165 531
181 980
108 738
43 328
65 310
40 546
38 254
19 843
29 446
10 931
17 414
1 056 120
171
1997
62 682
130 816
12 492
23 452
74 342
55 880
76 607
82 503
17 640
14 274
675
2238
1723
633
8765
564 723
73
1998
313
78 767
85 715
39 849
25 805
23 413
84 825
100 332
54 287
24 329
11 334
7457
15 250
576
25 212
577 464
105
1999
5359
23 240
117 170
47 851
41 608
76 797
128 677
73 306
58 018
64 781
49 890
13 565
18 458
12 171
24 672
755 562
155
2000
5964
23 169
14 336
19 960
52 666
68 081
83 857
77 513
100 442
72 294
71 148
36 599
17 183
20 590
26 501
690 304
178
2001
5026
6541
10 957
1093
19 766
25 591
36 594
51 644
44 407
61 704
50 083
86 122
53 952
15 699
31 877
501 057
162
2002
9112
6646
7379
3821
8635
28 215
47 456
63 903
103 368
49 964
76 133
71 970
25 241
36 765
34 957
573 565
181
2003
4086
8218
7368
3140
7885
7983
43 821
62 360
52 015
34 782
61 735
168 703
107 298
39 760
26 882
636 036
2572
2004
8554
15793
11 443
7399
3554
7560
6164
11 686
8566
22 973
25 920
23 199
20 392
19 472
50 960
243 635
912
2005
32 526
6856
5546
5616
3772
5980
6985
13 151
5803
5700
16 554
34 393
34 987
34 336
53 165
265 370
1012
2006
125 437
4833
6844
6602
4255
8486
7424
38 309
3983
24 756
48 733
71 491
13 957
37 991
159 909
563 010
1992
2007
411 738
213 851
15 844
5121
11 830
3234
8884
10 298
14 652
7217
4200
7925
53 657
19 308
237 861
1 025 620
1992
2008
58 894
206 727
14 2254
29386
7745
3182
2895
6352
6132
3538
3445
5380
7018
9717
95 279
587 944
842
2009
122 459
176 405
231 265
82701
109 509
45 607
15 812
2775
5807
2950
3929
22 097
12 431
9299
331 974
1 175 019
2602
2010
No age reading
2011
422 533
390 888
227 693
61575
56 025
78 022
47 213
12 153
3176
2049
2607
856
85
2948
103 653
1 411 479
1202
2012
353 610
256 305
351 327
173183
130 446
70 403
58 164
40 645
21 408
12 671
3553
1044
1568
3374
139 887
1 617 588
1842
2013
299 841
203 094
189 851
194068
164 206
178 236
112 427
103 262
92 160
13 848
13 956
8579
2784
2857
144 033
1 723 202
2712
20141
2247
20 884
33 295
82052
52 428
94 324
93 771
68 765
35 193
56 728
40 647
19 047
16 518
3335
163 869
783 104
2392
2015
404 973
86 648
53 046
95737
53 022
109 686
46 714
126 156
73 141
25 441
19 583
6569
5284
3335
119 261
1 228 596
2072
2016
No age reading
2017
534 647
244 469
213 984
215852
33 595
45 809
61 428
62 449
37 597
33 901
39 670
37 492
10 364
40 052
85 250
1 696 557
2132
2018
No age reading
20193
93 518
77 195
125 457
81499
62 447
38 668
61 615
91672
178887
124876
0
0
0
0
60 931
996 765
2112
2020
No age reading
2021
No age reading
Table 6.17. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Abundance indices (on age) from the Ecosystem survey in August-September 1996–2021 covering the Norwegian Economic Zone (NEZ) and Svalbard incl. the area north and east of Spitsbergen (numbers in thousands and total biomass in thousand tonnes) and the continental slope down to 1000 m.
1 - Poor survey coverage in 2014.
2 – Calculated using modelled weight-at-age.
3 – Provisional figures.
Year
Length group (cm)
5.0–9.9
10.0–14.9
15.0–19.9
20.0–24.9
25.0–29.9
30.0–34.9
35.0–39.9
40.0–44.9
> 45.0
Total
1986
81
152
205
88
169
130
88
24
14
950
1987
72
25
227
56
35
11
5
1
0
433
1988
587
25
133
182
40
50
48
4
0
1068
1989
623
55
28
177
58
9
8
2
0
961
1990
324
305
36
56
80
13
13
2
0
828
1991
395
449
86
39
96
35
24
3
0
1127
1992
139
367
227
35
55
34
8
2
1
867
1993
31
593
320
116
24
25
6
1
0
1117
1994
8
296
479
488
74
74
17
3
0
1440
1995
310
84
571
390
83
58
24
3
0
1522
1996
215
101
198
343
136
42
17
1
0
1054
19972
38
83
19
198
266
82
39
3
0
728
19982
1
87
62
101
202
40
13
2
0
507
1999
2
7
70
37
172
73
22
3
0
386
2000
9
13
40
78
143
97
27
7
2
415
2001
10
23
7
57
79
75
10
1
0
260
2002
17
7
19
36
96
116
24
1
0
317
2003
4
4
10
13
70
198
46
6
0
351
2004
2
3
7
19
33
86
32
2
0
183
2005
0
6
7
11
28
154
86
4
0
296
2006
100
2
10
15
23
104
83
3
1
339
2007
382
121
3
7
12
121
121
7
0
773
2008
858
359
27
5
12
104
165
5
0
1533
2009
95
325
136
5
9
67
163
6
0
806
2010
652
276
215
64
7
74
191
6
0
1485
2011
501
230
212
149
14
47
157
5
0
1315
2012
129
280
86
125
47
14
154
18
0
855
2013
249
227
245
159
143
35
193
27
0
1279
2014
91
174
250
114
125
51
115
14
0
933
2015
175
110
215
302
290
215
171
18
0
1495
2016
615
105
149
332
213
163
124
14
1
1714
2017
568
185
68
197
286
310
231
11
0
1855
2018
189
250
83
109
192
270
214
22
1
1329
2019
42
288
263
92
158
255
211
20
0
1330
2020
196
122
207
92
118
231
209
25
1
1200
2021
887
132
142
124
81
186
172
23
1
1749
20223
640
1025
45
104
76
87
153
20
0
2149
Table 6.18a. S. mentella1. Abundance indices (on length) from the bottom-trawl survey in the Barents Sea in winter 1986–2022 (numbers in millions). The area coverage was extended from 1993 onwards. Numbers from 1994 onwards were recalculated while numbers for 1986–1993 are as in previous reports.
1 - Includes some unidentified Sebastes specimens mostly less than 15 cm.
2 - Adjusted indices to account for not covering the Russian EEZ in Subarea 1.
3- Norwegian numbers only
Year/Age
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Total
1992
351
252
132
56
14
11
3
9
18
16
12
11
2
5
892
1993
38
473
192
242
62
45
19
22
13
11
10
4
2
3
1136
1994
5
96
315
160
342
269
97
55
4
28
13
14
26
5
1430
1995
315
49
148
251
343
238
67
25
7
19
21
9
11
10
1512
1996
189
107
85
111
140
132
128
60
21
24
14
6
9
4
1029
19972
41
65
30
33
92
83
103
100
30
67
29
13
7
3
697
19982
1
72
45
25
11
50
108
112
36
17
7
6
3
2
496
1999
0
1
38
40
29
28
52
62
55
32
16
4
7
1
364
2000
19
1
4
33
37
21
30
69
72
49
22
14
10
4
385
2001
1
17
8
2
7
25
36
30
41
18
22
28
5
3
243
2002
18
4
11
8
2
9
43
56
23
14
34
19
38
14
293
2003
0
3
2
4
6
6
15
36
24
24
43
36
62
33
293
2004
2
1
4
2
4
10
11
16
14
12
14
25
24
13
152
2005
0
4
3
2
6
6
7
14
18
8
18
27
40
57
208
2006
74
26
4
4
6
8
9
12
6
14
16
10
41
28
259
2007
237
75
4
1
2
2
5
8
9
6
8
21
33
72
485
2008
699
166
101
14
0
2
4
6
4
6
4
20
22
30
1079
2009
104
108
100
87
64
32
19
14
4
6
21
1
22
7
589
2010
160
264
176
166
93
72
24
23
3
11
5
8
10
17
1031
2011
348
228
128
127
99
67
42
20
2
6
1
1
2
25
1095
2012
No age readings
2013
0
179
268
136
154
108
126
14
31
8
7
20
41
12
1105
2014
No age readings
2015
No age readings
2016
No age readings
2017
No age readings
2018
No age readings
2019
No age readings
2020
No age readings
2021
No age reading
2022
No age reading
Table 6.18b. S. mentella 1 in subareas 1 and 2. Preliminary Norwegian bottom-trawl indices (on age) from the annual Barents Sea survey in February 1992–2022 (numbers in millions). The area coverage was extended from 1993 onwards. Numbers recalculated.
1 - Includes some unidentified Sebastes specimens mostly less than 15 cm.
2 - Adjusted indices to account for not covering the Russian EEZ in Subarea 1.
2008
2009
2013
2016
2019
mean length (cm) All/M/F1
37.0/36.4/37.5
36.6/36.0/37.1
37.5/37.0/38.1
37.7/37.0/38.3
37.6/37.2/38.0
mean length (cm) S/DSL/D2
37.2/36.8/39.1
37.2/36.5/38.3
37.1/37.4/38.9
38.1/37.6/38.4
37.4/37.6/37.7
mean weight (g) All/M/F
619/585/648
625/609/666
659/625/706
656/619/694
683/644/724
Mean age (y) All/M/F
25 / 25 / 25
25 / 25 / 24
28 / 29 / 28
27 / 27 / 26
- / - / -
Sex ratio (M/F)
45% / 55%
45% / 55%
59% / 41%
50% / 50%
51% / 49%
Occurrence
96%
100%
95%
80%
99%
Catch rates
3.80 t/NM2
3.94 t/NM2
3.47 t/NM2
1.01 t/NM2
3.40 t/NM2
mean sA
33 m2/NM2
34 m2/NM2
19 m2/NM2
5.2 m2/NM2
-
Total Area
53 720 NM2
69 520 NM2
69 520 NM2
67 150 NM2
73 364 NM2
Abundance (Acoustics)3
395 000 t
532 000 t
297 000 t
136 000 t
-
Abundance (Trawl)4
406 000 t
548 000 t
482 000 t
116 000 t
499 000 t
Table 6.19. Comparison of results on S. mentella from the Norwegian Sea pelagic surveys in 2008, 2009, 2013, 2016, and 2019. Acoustic results for the 2019 survey were not available at the time of AFWG 2021.
1 - M = males only, F = females only.
2 - S = shallower than DSL, DSL = deep scattering layer, D = deeper than DSL.
3 - The abundance derived from hydroacoustics is calculated assuming a Length-dependent target strength equation of TS=20log(L)-68.0. In 2016 the TS equation used was TS=20log(L)-69.6 following recommendation from ICES-WKTAR (2010).
4 - Trawls: Gloria 2048 in 2008 and 2009 Gloria 2560 HO helix in 2013 and Gloria 1024 in 2016. Trawl catchability for redfish set to 0.5 for all trawls based on results from Bethke et al. (2010).
sa (demersal)
Varies over time
sa (pelagic)
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.014
0.024
0.039
0.063
0.100
0.155
0.234
0.337
0.458
0.584
0.699
0.795
1.000
Table 6.20a. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Population matrix with numbers-at-age (in thousands) for each year and separable fishing mortality coefficients for the demersal and pelagic fleet by year (Fy) and selectivity at age for the pelagic fleet (Sa). Numbers are estimated from the statistical catch-at-age model.
Fy (demseral)
Fy (pelagic)
Year/ Age
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19+
0.042
0
1992
429 977
415 175
375 788
242 932
149 082
102 443
97 930
107 160
130 282
91 119
102 382
75 533
77 953
65 441
46 307
30 041
19 657
207 239
0.031
0
1993
289 490
409 094
395 010
357 537
229 100
140 310
96 194
91 724
100 097
121 356
84 641
94 849
69 802
71 879
60 224
42 545
27 562
207 147
0.027
0
1994
209 655
275 430
389 225
375 825
340 094
217 847
133 302
91 205
86 611
93 909
113 067
78 467
87 700
64 464
66 350
55 581
39 262
216 588
0.020
0
1995
200 014
199 472
262 053
370 321
357 293
323 028
206 534
125 963
85 766
81 007
87 447
104 994
72 756
81 258
59 709
61 447
51 470
236 914
0.014
0
1996
159 840
190 300
189 784
249 325
352 084
339 424
306 393
195 374
118 715
80 518
75 820
81 695
97 990
67 870
75 784
55 681
57 298
268 907
0.013
0
1997
111 468
152 077
181 057
180 567
237 151
334 736
322 328
290 270
184 453
111 726
75 637
71 165
76 655
91 934
63 673
71 096
52 236
306 023
0.019
0
1998
57 486
106 055
144 691
172 264
171 764
225 507
317 976
305 482
274 120
173 637
104 993
71 029
66 814
71 962
86 303
59 772
66 741
336 313
0.014
0
1999
46 459
54 694
100 904
137 664
163 884
163 356
214 155
300 527
286 693
256 314
162 197
98 055
66 333
62 395
67 203
80 596
55 820
376 399
0.011
0
2000
36 893
44 203
52 037
96 003
130 976
155 913
155 358
203 324
283 878
269 463
240 519
152 154
91 978
62 221
58 528
63 037
75 600
405 428
0.020
0
2001
35 692
35 101
42 056
49 510
91 340
124 613
148 320
147 606
192 108
267 188
253 477
226 238
143 119
86 516
58 527
55 052
59 294
452 464
0.007
0
2002
42 423
33 958
33 397
40 014
47 087
86 817
118 273
140 366
139 075
180 187
249 838
236 648
211 076
133 491
80 688
54 582
51 341
477 252
0.003
0
2003
45 546
40 363
32 309
31 775
38 069
44 796
82 571
112 379
133 073
131 549
170 266
236 016
223 541
199 383
126 095
76 217
51 558
499 306
0.006
0
2004
61 313
43 334
38 402
30 740
30 228
36 213
42 602
78 502
106 794
126 400
124 904
161 623
224 002
212 145
189 211
119 660
72 327
522 741
0.008
0
2005
117 600
58 335
41 229
36 537
29 244
28 753
34 436
40 491
74 546
101 302
119 777
118 275
152 984
211 986
200 748
179 037
113 224
563 055
0.005
0.037
2006
228 265
111 888
55 502
39 227
34 760
27 819
27 345
32 730
38 440
70 642
95 818
113 149
111 658
144 385
200 048
189 434
168 944
638 148
0.004
0.020
2007
341 155
217 179
106 454
52 806
37 321
33 071
26 451
25 987
31 075
36 434
66 788
90 308
106 262
104 428
134 410
185 341
174 743
737 346
0.005
0.013
2008
379 932
324 586
206 631
101 284
50 241
35 508
31 454
25 151
24 698
29 505
34 537
63 174
85 222
100 031
98 049
125 870
173 152
847 570
0.003
0.009
2009
381 522
361 480
308 821
196 595
96 365
47 801
33 776
29 915
23 910
23 452
27 954
32 655
59 643
80 340
94 145
92 123
118 077
954 101
0.004
0.010
2010
484 675
362 993
343 923
293 822
187 046
91 683
45 471
32 123
28 436
22 703
22 238
26 479
30 904
56 389
75 871
88 806
86 806
1 007 725
0.005
0.010
2011
585 041
461 135
345 363
327 220
279 549
177 957
87 211
43 244
30 535
27 005
21 532
21 063
25 050
29 202
53 217
71 514
83 612
1 027 695
0.005
0.008
2012
514 156
556 626
438 739
328 589
311 326
265 970
169 284
82 947
41 112
29 000
25 602
20 376
19 904
23 642
27 526
50 100
67 248
1 042 065
0.004
0.007
2013
277 390
489 184
529 592
417 430
312 628
296 200
253 008
161 008
78 865
39 063
27 523
24 261
19 278
18 805
22 309
25 944
47 172
1 041 939
0.015
0.008
2014
301 447
263 918
465 425
503 871
397 155
297 441
281 777
240 664
153 125
74 979
37 115
26 125
22 997
18 245
17 771
21 056
24 461
1 024 513
0.025
0.008
2015
287 730
286 806
251 100
442 821
479 386
377 845
282 934
267 988
228 814
145 502
71 175
35 174
24 697
21 669
17 132
16 636
19 665
975 718
0.035
0.009
2016
261 768
273 756
272 876
238 905
421 301
456 067
359 382
269 005
254 567
216 926
137 410
66 825
32 823
22 941
20 072
15 841
15 363
916 904
0.033
0.010
2017
267 611
249 055
260 460
259 623
227 286
400 768
433 666
341 476
255 168
240 609
203 731
127 978
61 766
30 181
21 027
18 359
14 468
848 894
0.044
0.010
2018
273 985
254 614
236 958
247 810
246 992
216 208
381 114
412 212
324 304
241 952
227 513
191 794
119 756
57 411
27 883
19 337
16 829
787 387
0.058
0.008
2019
277 225
260 678
242 247
225 450
235 726
234 909
205 540
362 080
391 193
307 191
228 487
213 861
179 152
111 032
52 830
25 493
17 593
725 368
0.078
0.007
2020
271 416
263 761
248 017
230 482
214 406
224 115
223 212
195 148
343 330
370 190
289 814
214 617
199 691
166 063
102 091
48 193
23 095
662 166
0.091
0.006
2021
265 735
258 234
250 951
235 971
219 279
203 975
213 173
212 261
185 485
326 027
350 907
273 802
201 556
185 740
152 417
92 321
43 018
599 005
Year/ Age
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
1992
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.212
0.261
0.316
0.377
0.442
0.509
0.576
0.640
0.699
0.753
0.799
0.839
0.872
0.899
1.000
1993
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.007
0.019
0.047
0.114
0.248
0.459
0.686
0.849
0.935
0.974
0.990
0.996
0.998
0.999
1.000
1994
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.029
0.063
0.131
0.252
0.432
0.631
0.793
0.896
0.951
0.978
0.990
0.995
0.998
0.999
1.000
1995
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.035
0.075
0.153
0.286
0.470
0.663
0.814
0.906
0.955
0.979
0.991
0.996
0.998
0.999
1.000
1996
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.019
0.053
0.135
0.303
0.549
0.773
0.905
0.964
0.987
0.995
0.998
0.999
1.000
1.000
1.000
1997
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.014
0.042
0.118
0.290
0.555
0.793
0.921
0.973
0.991
0.997
0.999
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1998
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.004
0.022
0.100
0.357
0.735
0.933
0.986
0.997
0.999
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1999
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.005
0.029
0.149
0.507
0.859
0.973
0.995
0.999
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
2000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.012
0.123
0.609
0.945
0.995
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
2001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.020
0.050
0.122
0.266
0.487
0.713
0.867
0.945
0.978
0.992
0.997
0.999
1.000
1.000
1.000
2002
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.003
0.012
0.049
0.184
0.495
0.810
0.949
0.988
0.997
0.999
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
2003
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.042
0.084
0.161
0.286
0.455
0.635
0.784
0.883
0.940
0.970
0.986
0.993
0.997
0.998
1.000
2004
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.020
0.044
0.094
0.190
0.348
0.547
0.732
0.861
0.934
0.970
0.986
0.994
0.997
0.999
1.000
2005
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.008
0.020
0.051
0.123
0.267
0.486
0.711
0.865
0.943
0.977
0.991
0.997
0.999
0.999
1.000
2006
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.003
0.008
0.022
0.057
0.140
0.306
0.543
0.763
0.897
0.959
0.985
0.994
0.998
0.999
1.000
2007
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.003
0.010
0.027
0.076
0.194
0.414
0.674
0.858
0.946
0.981
0.993
0.998
0.999
1.000
2008
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.003
0.013
0.060
0.241
0.613
0.887
0.975
0.995
0.999
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
2009
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.004
0.015
0.055
0.180
0.452
0.756
0.921
0.978
0.994
0.998
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
2010
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.003
0.007
0.020
0.056
0.146
0.328
0.582
0.800
0.919
0.970
0.989
0.996
0.999
1.000
1.000
2011
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.002
0.007
0.024
0.082
0.242
0.535
0.805
0.937
0.982
0.995
0.999
1.000
1.000
1.000
2012
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.002
0.005
0.012
0.031
0.076
0.178
0.363
0.599
0.797
0.911
0.964
0.986
0.995
0.998
1.000
2013
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.003
0.006
0.014
0.032
0.071
0.151
0.294
0.493
0.694
0.841
0.925
0.967
0.985
1.000
2014
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.002
0.004
0.007
0.014
0.027
0.053
0.101
0.183
0.308
0.471
0.639
0.780
0.876
0.934
1.000
2015
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.003
0.008
0.021
0.052
0.125
0.270
0.489
0.712
0.865
0.943
0.977
0.991
0.997
1.000
2016
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.002
0.005
0.013
0.032
0.077
0.174
0.348
0.575
0.774
0.897
0.956
0.982
0.993
0.997
1.000
2017
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.003
0.005
0.011
0.022
0.044
0.085
0.159
0.278
0.439
0.614
0.764
0.868
0.930
0.964
1.000
2018
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.005
0.008
0.015
0.028
0.050
0.087
0.149
0.242
0.368
0.516
0.661
0.781
0.867
0.922
1.000
2019
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.008
0.012
0.020
0.033
0.053
0.085
0.132
0.201
0.293
0.405
0.529
0.649
0.753
0.834
1.000
2020
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.005
0.009
0.019
0.039
0.077
0.146
0.260
0.419
0.598
0.754
0.863
1.000
2021
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.007
0.010
0.016
0.025
0.040
0.062
0.094
0.141
0.207
0.293
0.396
0.509
0.622
0.723
1.000
Table 6.20b. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Fisheries selectivity at age for the demersal fleet by age (Sa). Numbers are estimated from the statistical catch-at-age model.
Year
Rec (age 2) in millions
Rec (age 6) in millions
Stock Biomass (tonnes)
SSB (tonnes)
F (12–18)
F(19+)
1992
430
149
578 519
272 832
0.033
0.042
1993
289
229
625 410
323 633
0.029
0.031
1994
210
340
683 984
408 052
0.026
0.027
1995
200
357
749 346
469 927
0.020
0.020
1996
160
352
815 427
388 973
0.014
0.014
1997
111
237
879 903
478 373
0.013
0.013
1998
57
172
939 166
540 768
0.019
0.019
1999
46
164
987 329
608 797
0.014
0.014
2000
37
131
1 028 157
705 479
0.011
0.011
2001
36
91
1 061 896
655 042
0.020
0.020
2002
42
47
1 076 158
738 944
0.007
0.007
2003
46
38
1 092 380
815 196
0.003
0.003
2004
61
30
1 105 589
821 177
0.005
0.006
2005
118
29
1 111 783
876 777
0.008
0.008
2006
228
35
1 114 129
863 053
0.022
0.042
2007
341
37
1 093 928
1 006 505
0.013
0.024
2008
380
50
1 087 883
943 961
0.011
0.018
2009
382
96
1 091 599
981 572
0.007
0.012
2010
485
187
1 104 151
934 873
0.008
0.013
2011
585
280
1 123 427
924 087
0.009
0.015
2012
514
311
1 151 950
918 287
0.008
0.013
2013
277
313
1 194 986
870 554
0.006
0.011
2014
301
397
1 253 060
818 776
0.013
0.023
2015
288
479
1 307 703
839 740
0.025
0.032
2016
262
421
1 350 509
896 320
0.035
0.044
2017
268
227
1 386 933
872 141
0.027
0.042
2018
274
247
1 427 869
892 107
0.032
0.054
2019
277
236
1 459 921
919 610
0.034
0.066
2020
271
214
1 483 445
950 770
0.038
0.085
2021
266
219
1 498 423
976 956
0.041
0.097
Table 6.21. Stock summary for S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2 as estimated by the statistical catch-at-age model. Stock biomass is for age 2 y+.
Figure 6.1. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Total international landings 1952–2020 (thousand tonnes).
Figure 6.2. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Left panel: Catch in tonnes reported by national fleets for the subareas 27.1 and 27.2 and in the NEACF regulatory area. Right panel: Geographical location of the directed Norwegian fishery in 2021 within the Norwegian Exclusive Economic Zone and bycatches by Norwegian vessels in all areas. Directed fishing with bottom trawl is not permitted to the east of the red line. Directed fishing with pelagic trawl is not permitted to the east of the blue line. Directed fishing is not permitted in the Fishery Protection Zone around Svalbard.
Figure 6.3. Delineation of the geographical limits for directed fishing in the Norwegian Economic Zone in 2014–2021. Directed pelagic trawling is only allowed west of the blue line. Directed demersal trawling is only allowed between the blue and the red line. The area east of the stippled line inside NEZ south of Bear Island is only open for directed demersal trawling after 10 May. The other areas for directed fishing are also open during 1 January to last February. Due to high bycatch ratios of golden redfish 72°N was suggested as southern limit for directed demersal fishing marked by the red line along that latitude to the Norwegian directorate of fisheries in November 2018.
Figure 6.4. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Length-distributions of the commercial demersal catches by Norway and Russia in 2019–2021.
Figure 6.5. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Upper panels: Catch numbers-at-age for the demersal and pelagic fleets 1992–2020. Lower panel: Age composition of the commercial demersal catches by Norway and Russia in 2021 (calculated using ALK).
Figure 6.6. Weight-at-age of S. mentella per year class in subareas 1 and 2 derived from Norwegian commercial and survey data (Table 6.7). The weights were derived from samples with at least five individuals and are expressed in grammes. The blue and purple lines show the fitted mixed-effect models.
Figure 6.7. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. The upper panel shows weight-at-age 19+ as reported from catches (blue) or modelled from catches and survey observations (red) using a mixed effect model (Figure 6.5). AFWG 2017 was the last working group using the annual mixed effect model. The weights-at-age used in the assessment were based on the fixed effects model and are therefore the same for every year. These weights were updated in 2022 and differ only slightly from those estimated in the assessments since 2018. The bottom panel shows comparison of the observed Norwegian and Russian weight by age with the modelled one up to 2020.
Figure 6.8. Proportion maturity-at-age of S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2 derived from Norwegian commercial and survey data (Table D7). The proportions were derived from samples with at least five individuals. The blue and purple lines show the fitted mixed-effect models. For 2008, 2011 and 2016–2019 the common model (fixed effects blue) was used for other years the annual models (random effects purple) were used. Available data for 2019 was insufficient at the time of the meeting and the fixed effect model was used and there was no age data available for 2020 or 2021.
Figure 6.9. Density distribution of natural mortality rates calculated with 30 of the 39 compared methods. The excluded methods are those based on certain taxa or areas. The broken red line indicates the currently used value; the broken green line the most frequent one and the black dotted lines indicate the beginning and end of the distribution’s peak.
Figure 6.10. Abundance of S. mentella (5–14 cm) during the winter survey (February) in the Barents Sea compared with the consumption of redfish (mainly S. mentella) by cod (See Section 1 Table 1.1).
Figure 6.11. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Age disaggregated abundance indices for bottom-trawl surveys 1992–2021 in the Barents Sea in winter (winter survey top) in summer (Ecosystem survey middle) and in autumn (Russian groundfish survey bottom).
Figure 6.12. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Abundance indices for individual trawl stations during the ecosystem survey in autumn 2021 (top) and winter survey 2021 (bottom).
Figure 6.13. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Left panel: Survey track of the Deep Pelagic Ecosystem Survey in 2022 and categorized trawls. Potential failures need further examination to determine their usability, whilst successful trawls can be used for the survey index without further consideration. Right panel: Catch rates in tonnes per square nautical mile for the surveyed depth layers (< = 300 m, 301–600 m and > 600 m) from the 2019 survey. The corresponding results for the 2022 survey were not available at the time of the working group.
Figure 6.14. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Proportions at age during the International Deep Pelagic Ecosystem Survey (WGIDEEPS) in the Norwegian Sea. Bars show proportions at age and dots shows the coefficient of variation for each age. Estimated with RStoX.
Figure 6.15. Map showing the specific pelagic 0-group trawl stations and the abundance of 0-group S. mentella during the joint Norwegian-Russian Ecosystem survey in the Barents Sea and Svalbard in 2020 (upper panel) and 2021 (lower panel).
Figure 6.16. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Abundance indices (in billions) of 0-group redfish (believed to be mostly S. mentella) in the international 0-group survey in the Barents Sea and Svalbard areas in August-September 1980–2021.
Figure 6.17. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Horizontal distribution of S. mentella hydroacoustic backscattering (sA) during the Norwegian slope survey in spring 2022. The circles are proportional to the sA assigned to redfish along the vessel track.
Recruitment-at-age 2
Spawning-stock biomass
Fishing mortality – year component
Figure 6.18. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Results from the statistical catch-at-age assessment run showing the estimated recruitment-at-age 2 spawning-stock biomass from 1992 to 2021 and annual fishing mortality coefficients by year (Fy) from the demersal (blue) and pelagic (red) fleets. Error bars (top) and the colored envelope (bottom) indicate 95% confidence limits.
Fleet selectivity – age component
Figure 6.19. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Results from the statistical catch-at-age assessment run showing the estimated annual fleet selectivity by age (Fa) from the pelagic (top panel) and demersal (lower panels) fleets. Colored envelopes indicate 95% confidence limits.
Figure 6.20. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Results from the statistical catch-at-age assessment run showing the selectivity-at-age for winter (blue) ecosystem (grey) and Russian groundfish (red) surveys.
Figure 6.21. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Results from the statistical catch-at-age model showing the evolution of total biomass (in tonnes light blue left axis) spawning-stock-biomass (in tonnes dark blue, left axis) and recruitment-at-age 2 (in numbers yellow, right axis) for the period 1992–2021 for S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2.
Figure 6.22. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Modelled distribution of numbers (yellow bars right y-axis) biomass (light blue left y-axis) and spawning-stock-biomass (dark blue left y-axis) at age 2–45+ in 2021.
Figure 6.23a. Diagnostic plots for the demersal fleet catch-at-age data. Top-left: scatterplot of observed vs. fitted indices the dotted red line indicates 1:1 relationship. Top right: boxplot of residuals (observed-fitted) for each age. Bottom left: boxplot of residuals for each year. Bottom right: bubble plot of residuals for each age/year combination bubble size is proportional to mean residuals blue are positive and red are negative residuals.
Figure 6.23b. Diagnostic plots for the pelagic fleet catch-at-age data. See legend from Figure 6.23a.
Figure 6.23c. Diagnostic plots for winter survey data. See legend from Figure 6.23a.
Figure 6.23d. Diagnostic plots for Ecosystem survey data. See legend from Figure 6.23a.
Figure 6.23e. Diagnostic plots for the Russian groundfish survey data. See legend from Figure 6.23a.
Figure 6.24. The upper panel shows the retrospective patterns of the spawning-stock biomass of S. mentella estimated by the SCAA model for runs up to years 2007–2017 and the baseline model of the 2018 benchmark. The lower panel presents the analytical retrospectives for the current assessment and back to 2018. Confidence Intervals are shown for the latest assessment.
Figure 6.25. The upper panel shows the retrospective patterns of the fishing mortality for the age classes 12-18, estimated by the SCAA model for runs up to years 2018-2022. The lower panel presents fishing mortality for the age-19+ group for the same time period. Broken lines indicate the confidence intervals for the 2022 assessments.
5 - Beaked redfish in subareas 1 and 2 (Northeast Arctic)
5.1 - Status of the fisheries
5.1.1 - Development of the fishery
A description of the historical development of the fishery in subareas 1 and 2 is found in the stock annex for this stock.
An international pelagic fishery for S. mentella in the Norwegian Sea outside EEZs has developed since 2004 (Figure 6.1). This pelagic fishery, which is further described in the stock annex, is managed by the Northeast Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC). Since 2014 the directed demersal and pelagic fisheries are reopened in the Norwegian Economic Zone, the Fisheries Protection Zone around Svalbard and, for pelagic fisheries only, in the Fishing Zone around Jan Mayen. The spatial regulation for this fishery is illustrated in Figures 6.2 and 6.3. In 2021, most of the catches of S. mentella from the Russian and Norwegian fisheries were taken in the Norwegian Exclusive Economic Zone or as bycatch in the Fisheries Protection Zone around Svalbard. Catches in international waters were mainly taken by EU nations.
Figure 6.2 shows the distribution of catch among national fishing fleets for 2018 to 2021 and the location of Norwegian S. mentella catches in the Norwegian EEZ in 2021 as well as bycatch in other areas. The 44th Session of the Joint Norwegian-Russian Fisheries Commission decided to split the total TAC among countries as follows: Norway: 72%, Russia: 18%, Third countries: 10% (as bycatch in the fishery protection zone at Svalbard (Spitsbergen): 4.1%, and international waters of the Norwegian Sea (NEAFC-area): 5.9%). This split was reconducted at the 51st session of the commission in 2021.
5.1.2 - Bycatch in other fisheries
During 2003–2013, all catches of S. mentella, except the pelagic fishery in the Norwegian Sea outside EEZ, were taken as bycatches in other fisheries. Some of the pelagic catches are taken as bycatches in the blue whiting and herring fisheries. From 2014 onwards most of the catch is taken as targeted catch and no longer as bycatch, following the opening of a targeted fishery in the Norwegian EEZ, Svalbard Fisheries Protection Zone and around Jan Mayen. When fishing for other species it has since 2013 been allowed to have up to 20% redfish (both species together) in round weight as bycatch outside 12 nautical miles and only 10% bycatch inside 12 nautical miles to better protect S. norvegicus.
5.1.3 - Landings prior to 2021 (Tables 6.1–6.7, Figure 6.1)
Nominal catches of S. mentella by country for subareas 1 and 2 combined are presented in Table 6.1, while they are presented for Subarea 1 and divisions 2.a and 2.b in Tables 6.2–6.4. The pelagic catch of S. mentella in the Norwegian Sea outside EEZs reported to NEAFC and/or ICES amounted to 7 739 t in 2018, 6060 t in 2019, 5469 t in 2020 and 2 872 t in 2021, and is shown by country in Table 6.5. Nominal catches for both redfish species combined (i.e. S. mentella and S. norvegicus) by country are presented in Table 6.6. The sources of information used are catches reported to ICES, NEAFC, Norwegian and Russian authorities (foreign vessels fishing in the Norwegian and Russian economic zones) or direct reporting to the AFWG. Where catches are reported as Sebastes sp., they are split into S. norvegicus and S. mentella by AFWG experts based on available correlation between official catches of these two species in the considered areas. All tables have been updated for 2020, and new figures presented for 2021. Total international landings in 1952–2021 are also shown in Figure 6.1.
In 2014, ICES advised that the annual catch in 2015, 2016, and 2017 should be set at no more than 30 000 t and in 2017, ICES advised that the annual catch in 2018 should not exceed 32 658 t. Following the benchmark (WKREDFISH, ICES 2018a) and the subsequent evaluation of a management plan for the stock (WKREBMSE, ICES 2018b) ICES advised an annual catch of no more than 53 757 t for 2019 and 55 860 t in 2020, corresponding to a fishing mortality of F = 0.06. This was continued in 2020, when ICES advised an annual catch of no more than 66 158 t in 2021 and 67 210 t in 2022, still corresponding to F = 0.06.
Because of the novelty of the situation, related with reopening fisheries after 10 years of its ban, the total landings of S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2 in 2014, demersal and pelagic catches, amounted to only 18 426 t. The total landings of the demersal and pelagic fishery increased to 34 754 t in 2016, 30 783 t in 2017, 38 046 t in 2018, 45 640 t in 2019, 53 631 t in 2020 and 63 482 t in 2021. Of this, 2 872 t were reported from the pelagic fishery in international waters of the Norwegian Sea. The total landings in 2017 and 2018 were respectively 783 t and 5 388 t above the TAC advised by ICES, but were 8 117 t, 2 229 t and 2 676 t below TAC in 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively. Norway caught the major share of the demersal catches, but Russian demersal catches increased substantially after 2017, particularly in ICES Division 2.b.
The redfish population in Subarea 4 (North Sea) is believed to belong to the Northeast Arctic stock. Since this area is outside the traditional areas handled by this Working Group, the catches are not included in the assessment. The total redfish landings (golden and beaked redfish combined) from Subarea 4 have up to 2003 been 1000–3000 t per year. Since 2005 the annual landings from this area have varied between 89 and 341 t (Table 6.7).
5.1.4 - Expected landings in 2022
ICES has advised on the basis of precautionary considerations that the annual catch should be set at no more than 67 210 t in 2022. The 51st sessions of the Joint Norwegian-Russian Fisheries Commission decided to follow this advice.
In 2022 Norwegian fishing vessels, can catch and land up to 44 291 t of redfish in the Norwegian economic zone (NEZ) in a limited area north of 65°20’N (see map in Figure 6.3), in international waters and the fisheries zone around Jan Mayen. Of this quantity, 100 t are allocated to cover bycatch in other fisheries and 52 t for research/surveillance and education purposes, while the remaining 43 139 t can be taken in a directed fishery. Only vessels with cod and saithe trawl permits can participate in the directed fishery for redfish. Each vessel which has the right to participate is assigned a maximum quota, which can be adjusted during the year, per how much of the national quota is exploited. The fishery may be stopped if the total quota is reached. This quota must also cover catches of redfish (both species) in other fisheries. It is prohibited to fish for redfish with bottom trawls in the period from 1 March until 10 May. Investigations were conducted in 2015–2016 to see if the protection of females during the main time of larvae release should be improved by extending the period of prohibited fishing until later in May, and to see if the area south of Bear Island (Area 20 in Figure 6.3) can be opened for directed fishing, either with or without sorting grid, and permissions were granted to a small number of vessels of the Norwegian reference fleet for an earlier onset of fishing to gain further data. The hitherto conclusion is that males dominated the catches (more than 70%) in the main fishing areas south and southwest of Bear Island during the investigations from late April until the directed fishery started on 10 May, and that the area south of Bear Island should stay closed during January-February due to smaller S. mentella inhabiting this area at the beginning of the year.
Since 2015, Russia has had access to the NEZ when fishing their quota share. In 2022 Russia may fish 12 098 t (18%) plus 2000 t transferred from Norway to Russia. Apart from this an additional 2100 t were transferred from Norway to Russia and the EU to cover bycatch of redfish (both species) in their fisheries targeting other species. The remaining 6721 t are divided between third countries in the NEZ and Svalbard Zone (2755 t) and the NEAFC areas (3966 t). Catch in the NEAFC areas in 2021 amounted to 2872 t while the catch in the national economic zones of Norway and Russia as well as the fisheries protection zone around Svalbard was 60 610 t. The total catch in 2021 was 2676 t lower than the advised TAC. Norwegian catches up to week 33 were 32 295 t, which is about 9 000 tonnes less than at the same time of 2021. This indicates that the Norwegian quota is unlikely to be exhausted as there is usually little redfish catch in autumn.
5.2 - Data used in the assessment
Analytical assessment was conducted for this stock following recommendation from the benchmark assessment working group (WKREDFISH, ICES 2018a). Input datasets were updated with the most recently available data. The analytical assessment, based on a statistical catch-at-age model (SCAA), covers the period 1992–2020. The input data consists of the following tables:
Total catch in tonnes (Table 6.1)
Catch in tonnes in the pelagic fishery Norwegian Sea outside EEZs (Table 6.5)
Total catch numbers-at-age 6–19+ (Table 6.8)
Catch numbers-at-age 7–19+ in the pelagic fishery (Table 6.9)
Weight-at-age 2–19+ in the population (Table 6.12)
Maturity-at-age 2–19+ in the population (Table 6.14)
Deep pelagic ecosystem survey proportions-at-age (Table 6.19)
There was no direct observation of catch numbers-at-age for the pelagic fishery in the Norwegian Sea outside EEZs in 2012–2021. Instead, numbers-at-age were estimated based on catch-at-age from previous or following year, and weight-at-age and fleet selectivities (section 6.2.2 in AFWG report 2013). In 2013, 2016 and 2019, observations from the scientific survey in the Norwegian Sea were used to derive numbers-at-age in the pelagic fishery. This was considered appropriate given that the survey operates in the area of the fishery, with a commercial pelagic trawl and at the time of the start of the fishery.
5.2.1 - Length- composition from the fishery (Figure 6.4)
Comparison of length distributions of the Norwegian and Russian catches of S. mentella in 2019–2021 are shown in Figure 6.4. In 2020, the Russian and Norwegian fleets fished smaller fish than in 2019, reflecting good year classes due to enter the fishable stock. After 2019 length of beaked redfish in Norwegian catches was larger than in Russian catches. This is probably due to differences in the fishing areas. The Russian fleet largely operated in area 2b, and the Norwegian fleet in area 2a.
Catch-at-age in the Norwegian fishery was estimated using ECA for 2014 and 2020. For 2015, 2016 and 2018, it was not possible to run ECA and the catch-at-age for the Norwegian Fishery was estimated using the older Biomass program in SAS (Table 6.8). Not enough age readings were available to estimate catch-at-age in 2017, 2019 and 2021. For the pelagic fisheries 2017, 2018, 2020 and 2021 (Table 6.9) proportions-at-age in the catch were derived from proportions at-age in earlier years, weight-at-age and fleet selectivity (section 6.2.2 in AFWG report 2013).
This procedure for estimating catch-at-age for recent years in which age data are not available is somewhat problematic. This is because the last year of observation has a large effect on the estimated catch-at-age for several years. At the assessment working group in 2017 and at the benchmark assessment in January 2018, the last year of observations for the catch-at-age was 2014 and the values for the years 2015 and 2016 were extrapolated. Once available, the data for 2015 (demersal) and 2016 (pelagic) were substantially different from these earlier extrapolations. In the 2022 assessment the catch-at-age observations in 2018, had a large effect on the years around it, producing a very large proportion of the 19+ class in the catch and a correspondingly high F19+. As the age structure in 2018 was based on less than 1000 aged fish it was decided to use a time-averaged age-length-key (ALK) to convert the length distribution in 2017-2019 and in 2021 to an age distribution. The time-averaged ALK is based on the Norwegian age-length data back to 2009, excluding the years 2017, 2019 and 2021 and on commercial catches with demersal gears. The conversion still produced a fraction of the 19+-group of >60% but F19+ was lower than in the standard method.
Several other options were considered. Firstly, extrapolation as in the standard method but extrapolating also the 19+-group and then rescaling to sum up to 100%, rather than calculating the 19+ as the difference between other ages and 100%. Secondly, calculating the fraction of each age-class as an average of the same cohort’s fraction in the year before and after. Thirdly, as an average of the fraction of the same age-class in the last 3 years with data or last 3 calendar years. Finally, using a combined Russian-Norwegian ALK for individual years. Whilst some of these options produced lower fishing mortalities for the 19+-group, the change in observed selectivity for the demersal catches since 2017 remained largely the same. Therefore, the option of a common ALK across years was chosen because a as the option with the most sensible underlying reasoning.
Age composition of the Russian and Norwegian catches in 2021 was calculated using the age–length key, based on Russian age readings. The joint age–length key for the last three years (2019–2021) was applied. In general, the age distribution in the Norwegian fishery was shifted towards older fish compared to the Russian fishery. In the Russian catches fish at age 15–16 dominated, while in the Norwegian catches 16–17 years old made up the majority of the catches. (Figure 6.5). The proportion (by numbers) of individuals at age 18 and older in the Norwegian catches was almost twice as large as in the Russian ones.
Age–length-keys for S. mentella are uncertain because of the slow growth rate of individuals and therefore these data should be used with caution. Given that age is difficult to derive from length it is important that age readings are available for the most recent years, at the time of the working group.
In earlier assessment, weight-at-age in the stock was set equal to the weight-at-age in the catch. This turned out to be problematic because of important fluctuations in reported weight-at-age in the catch that cannot be explained biologically (i.e. these are noisy data). In 2015, it was advised to either use a fixed weight-at-age for the 19+ group, or use a modelled weight-at-age based on catch and survey records (Planque, 2015). The second option was chosen. Weight-at-age in the population was modelled for each year using mixed-effect models of a von Bertalanffy growth function (in weight). In 2018 an attempt was made to model weight-at-age for each cohort (rather than each year of observation). This showed that the growth function is nearly invariant between cohorts. Therefore, it was decided to use a fixed (i.e. common to all years) weight-at-age as input to the Statistical Catch-at-age model. The observed and modelled weight-at-age are presented in Table 6.12 as well as Figures 6.6 and 6.7.
5.2.4 - Maturity-at-age (Table 6.14, Figure 6.8)
The proportion maturity-at-age was estimated for individual years using a mixed-effect statistical model (Table 6.14, Figure 6.8). The modelled values of maturity-at-age for individual years are used in the analytical assessment models, except in 2008, 2011 and 2017–2021 when the fixed effects only were considered, at least in the two latest years due to a lack of age data.
5.2.5 - Natural mortality
In previous years, natural mortality for S. mentella was set to 0.05 for all ages and all years. This was based on life-history correlates presented in Hoenig (1983). Thirty-nine alternative mortality estimates were explored during the benchmark workshop, based on the review work by Kenchington (2014) and several additional recent papers (Then et al., 2014; Hamel, 2014; Charnov et al., 2013). Overall, the mode of these natural mortality estimates is 0.058 which departs only slightly from the original estimate of 0.050 (Figure 6.9). WKREDFISH (ICES, 2018a) decided to continue using 0.050 as the value of M in the assessment model. These estimates were updated for a peer-reviewed paper submitted in 2022 (Höffle and Planque, in revision) with 44 estimators resulting in a mode of the distribution of 0.07.
Figure 6.10 shows cod’s predation on juvenile (5–14 cm) redfish during 1984–2020. This time-series confirms the presence of redfish juveniles and may be used as an indicator of redfish abundance. A clear difference is seen between the abundance/consumption ratio in the 1980s and at present. A change in survey trawl catchability (smaller meshes) from 1993 onwards (Jakobsen et al., 1997) and/or a change in the cod’s prey preference may cause this difference. As long as the trawl survey time-series has not been corrected for the change in catchability, the abundance index of juvenile redfish less than 15 cm during the 1980s might have been considerably higher, if this change in catchability had been corrected for. The decrease in the abundance of young redfish in the surveys during the 1990s is consistent with the decline in the consumption of redfish by cod. It is important that the estimation of the consumption of redfish by cod is being continued.
5.2.6 - Scientific surveys
Following a dedicated review, AFWG approved the use of the new SToX versions of winter and ecosystem surveys for use in the S.s mentella assessment (WD 17 and WD 18 in AFWG 2020). The group recommended that the data be monitored annually to identify if a significant portion of the mentella stock moves east of the strata system. The group further recommended that work continues to investigate redfish-specific strata systems for the winter survey.
The results from the following research vessel survey series were evaluated by the Working Group:
5.2.6.1 - Surveys in the Barents Sea and Svalbard area (Tables 1.1, 1.2, 6.15–6.18, Figures 6.11, 6.12)
Russian bottom-trawl survey in the Svalbard and Barents Sea areas in October-December for 1978–2015 in fishing depths of 100–900 m (Table 6.15, Figure 6.11). ICES acronym: RU-BTr-Q4.
Russian-Norwegian Barents Sea ‘Ecosystem survey’ (bottom-trawl survey, August-September) from 1986–2019 in fishing depths of 100–500 m (Figures 6.11–6.12). Data disaggregated by age for the period 1992–2019 (Tables 6.16b-6.17). ICES acronym: Since 2003 part of Eco-NoRu-Q3 (BTr), survey code: A5216.
Winter Barents Seabed-trawl survey (February) from 1986–2014 (jointly with Russia since 2000, except 2006 and 2007) in fishing depths of 100–500 m (Figures 6.11–6.12). Data disaggregated by age for the period 1992–2011 and 2013 (Table 6.18b). ICES acronym: BS-NoRu-Q1 (BTr), survey code: A6996.
The Norwegian survey initially designed for redfish and Greenland halibut is now part of the ecosystem survey and covers the Norwegian Economic Zone (NEZ) and Svalbard Fisheries Protection Zone incl. north and east of Spitsbergen during August 1996–2012 from less than 100 m to 800 m depth. This survey includes survey no. 2 above, and has been a joint survey with Russia since 2003, and since then called the Ecosystem survey. ICES acronym: Eco-NoRu-Q3 (Btr), survey code: A5216.
5.2.6.2 - Pelagic survey in the Norwegian Sea (Table 6.19, Figures 6.13, 6.14)
The international deep pelagic ecosystem survey in the Norwegian Sea (WGIDEEPS, ICES 2016, survey code: A3357) monitors deep pelagic ecosystems, focusing on beaked redfish (S. mentella). The latest survey was conducted in the open Norwegian Sea from 22 July until 12 August 2022, following similar surveys in 2008, 2009, 2013, 2016 and 2019. The spatial coverage of the 2022 survey and the catch rates of beaked redfish in the 2019 survey are presented in Figure 6.13. The survey is scheduled every third year. Estimated numbers-at-age from this survey were presented at the benchmark assessment in 2018 and used in the SCAA model. Data for 2016 was updated in 2019, using additional age readings and numbers-at-age for the 2019 survey were presented during AFWG 2020, used in the assessment and updated for AFWG 2021. The details of the data preparation, using StoX, are available from WD7 of AFWG 2018 (Planque et al., 2018). The data used as input to the analytical assessment consists of proportions-at-age from age 2 to 75 years (Figure 6.14).
5.2.6.3 - Additional surveys (Figures 6.15–6.17)
The international 0-group survey in the Svalbard and Barents Sea areas in August-September 1980–2021, is now part of the Ecosystem survey (Figures 6.15 and 6.16). ICES acronym: Eco-NoRu-Q3 (Btr), survey code: A5216.
A slope survey, “Egga-sør survey” was carried out by IMR from 25 March to 20 April 2022, following similar surveys in 2009, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2018 and 2020. The spatial coverage of the 2022 survey and the distribution of beaked redfish registered by acoustic is presented in Figure 6.17. Egga-Sør and Egga-Nord surveys operate on a biennial basis. The length and age distributions of beaked redfish from these surveys show consistent ageing in the population and gradual incoming of new cohorts after the recruitment failure period. These surveys are considered as candidates for data input to the analytical assessment of S. mentella (see also Planque, 2016).
5.3 - Assessment
The group performed the analytical assessment using the statistical catch-at-age (SCAA) model reviewed at the benchmark in January 2018 (WKREDFISH, ICES 2018a). The model was configured as the benchmark baseline model which includes 53 parameters to be estimated and the model converged correctly.
5.3.1 - Results of the assessment (Tables 6.20, 6.21, Figures 6.18–6.24)
5.3.1.1 - Stock trends
The temporal patterns in recruitment-at-age 2 (Figures 6.18, 6.21) confirm the previously reported recruitment failure for the year classes 1996 to 2003 and indicate a return to high levels of recruitment. The estimates of year-class strength for recent years are uncertain due to limited age data from the winter and ecosystem surveys. Modelled spawning-stock biomass (SSB) has increased from 1992 to 2007 (Table 6.21). In the late 2000s the total-stock biomass (TSB) consisted of a larger proportion of mature fish than in the 1990s. This is reversing as individuals from new successful year classes, but still immature, are growing. TSB has increased from about 1.0 to slightly below 1.5 million tonnes in the last 10 years (Table 6.21 and Figures 6.21–6.22). The concurrent decline in SSB from 2007 to 2014 can be attributed to the weak year classes (1996–2003) entering the mature stock. This trend has levelled off and SSB increases again. SSB at the start of 2022 is estimated at 996 124 t.
The patterns of fleet selectivity-at-age indicate that most of the fish captured by the demersal fleet as well as the pelagic fleet in 2021 are of age 16 and older (Tables 6.20a,b and Figure 6.19). Model results at the benchmark workshop did show a gradual shift in the demersal selectivity towards older ages, a shift that was not observed after the 2015 catch-at-age data were incorporated in the model. This shift towards older ages is now again visible in the data from 2017 onwards, similar to what was observed in 2014. In 2021 F19+ is estimated at 0.01 (Table 6.21), with 0.091 for the demersal and 0.006 for the pelagic fleets (Table 6.20a), respectively.
Winter and ecosystem surveys selectivity at age are very similar and show reduced selectivity for age 8 years and older, which is consistent with the known geographical distribution of different life stages of S. mentella (Figure 6.20). Conversely, the Russian survey shows a reduced selectivity for age 7 years and younger. This is believed to result from gear selectivity.
5.3.1.4 - Residual patterns (Figure 6.23)
Residual patterns in catch and survey indices are presented in Figure 6.23a-e. There is generally no visible trend in the residuals for the Russian groundfish survey neither by age nor by year. Trends in residuals are visible in recent years for winter and ecosystem surveys and will need to be investigated further. Alternative methods for the estimation of the survey selectivity patterns will be investigated in the benchmark assessment planned for 2024 and could resolve the issue. Residual patterns for the demersal fleet indicate a similar fit of the model compared to AFWG 2018, when a time varying selectivity-at-age for this fleet was introduced.
5.3.1.5 - Retrospective patterns (Figure 6.24)
The historical and analytical retrospective patterns for the years 2007 to 2016 are presented in Figures 6.24 and 6.25. All model parameters were estimated in each individual run. The most recent model run (last year of data 2021) is consistent with previous runs. Estimated SSB is increased As in 2018 the SSB time-series is smoother than before, due to fixed weight-at-age for every year. The new estimates for winter and Ecosystem surveys in 2020 led to an increase in estimated SSB, up to 19% in the early years and around 7% to 9% in later years. Contrarily, the 2021 update revised SSB moderately down, by about 5% to 6%. SSB in 2021 is again revised upwards by about 10% across the assessment period. The benchmark run stands out and this is due to the unavailability of recent catch-at-age data during the benchmark assessment (see section 6.2.2). The analytical retrospectives back to 2018 showed likewise a higher SSB but with a lesser increase, ranging around 3% for much of the assessment period and dropping to the 1% range in the later years. The analytical retrospectives showed a consistent pattern for F12-18 until 2017 when it started to deviate. Likewise, the pattern for F19+ was very similar in the analytical retrospectives. Retrospective bias (Mohn’s rho) over the last 5 assessments was -0.3% for recruitment, -24% for F(19+) and -7% for SSB.
5.3.1.6 - Projections
FMSY at age 19+ is approximated using F0.1 and estimated at 0.084 (section 1.4 of the WKREBMSE report 2018b).
The estimated fishing mortality in 2021 is: F19+ = 0.01.
If the fishing mortality is maintained, this is expected to lead to a catch of 64 159 t in 2022, about 3000 tonnes below the advised TAC of 67 210 t. This would lead to a SSB of 1 018 117 t in early 2023, catches of 66 779 t in 2023 and a SSB of 1 040 323 t in 2024.
Lowering F19+ to the precautionary approach (F19+ = 0.06) advice, in 2023–2025 would lead to average catches of 45 150 t during that period and a SSB of 1 131 595 t by 2026 (SSB at the start of 2021 is estimated at 976 956 t).
These projections assume that the selectivity patterns of the demersal and pelagic fleets are identical with those estimated for 2021. It is also assumed that the ratio of fishing mortality between these two fleets remains unchanged.
5.3.1.7 - Additional considerations
Historical fluctuations in the recruitment-at-age 2 (Figures 6.18 and 6.21) are consistent with the 0-group survey index (Figure 6.16), although the 0-group survey index is not used as an input to the SCAA.
The population age structure derived from the model outputs for the old individuals (beyond 19+, Figure 6.22) is consistent with the age structure reported from the slope surveys although these are not yet used as input to the model.
Recent recruitment levels estimated with SCAA are highly uncertain since they rely on only a few years of observations and since the age readings from winter survey were not available for years 2014–2022. The use of the autoregressive model for recruitment (random effects in the SCAA) which was introduced in 2018 allows for a projection of the recruitment in recent years, despite the current lack of age data.
The history of the stock as described by the SCAA model for the period 1992–2021 is summarized in Table 6.21 and Figure 6.21. The key elements are as follows:
upward trend in Total-stock biomass from 1992 to 2006 followed by stabilization until 2011 and a new upward trend until the present,
upward trend in spawning-stock biomass from 1992 to 2007 followed by stabilization (or slight decline) until 2014 and subsequent increase,
recruitment failure for year classes 1996–2003 (2y old fish in 1998–2005),
good (although uncertain) recruitment for year classes born after 2005. Age data for recruits (at age 2y) after 2014 is limited.
Annual fishing mortality for the 19+ group throughout the assessment period varied between 0.003 and 0.097.
5.4 - Comments to the assessment
Currently, the survey series used in the SCAA do not appropriately cover the geographical distribution of the adult population. Data from the pelagic survey in the Norwegian Sea has been reviewed in the last benchmark and is now included in the assessment model. Priority should be given to including additional data from the slope surveys that include older age groups, in the analytical assessment in future (WD 5 in 2016).
The SCAA model relies on the availability of reliable age data in surveys and in the catch. Although additional age reading since the last assessment has improved reliability, it requires a continuous effort to keep these data at an appropriate level.
5.5 - Biological reference points
The proposed reference points estimated during the workshop on the management plan for S. mentella in (ICES 2018b) were:
Reference point
Value
Blim
227 000 t
Bpa
315 000 t
FMSY19+= F0.1
0.084
Which are revised from those set during the benchmark in the same year (ICES 2018a) which were Bpa = 450 kt, Blim = 324 kt and FMSY19+ = F0.1 = 0.08.
5.6 - Management advice
The present report updates the assessment and advises that when the status quo approach is applied, catches in 2023 should be no more than 66 779 tonnes, and catches in 2024 should be no more than 70 164 tonnes. This would correspond to a fishing mortality of F19+ = 0.097, whilst fishing pressure across the fishable age-classes would remain nearly constant.
5.7 - Possible future development of the assessment
Many developments suggested in earlier years were presented and evaluated at the benchmark in January 2018. These include integrating a stochastic process model i) for recruitment-at-age 2, ii) for the annual component of fishing mortalities, and iii) to account for annual changes in fleet selectivities-at-age. In addition, iv) a right trapezoid population matrix, v) coding of older ages into flexible predefined age-blocks, and vi) integrating of data from pelagic surveys in the Norwegian Sea were implemented. The purpose of these new features was to reduce the number of parameters to estimate (i, ii), include new data on the older age fraction of the population (iv, v, vi) and account for possible temporal changes in selectivity linked to changes in the national and international fisheries and their regulations (iii).
Recommendations that have been followed since comprise:
An increase in the number of age readings from surveys and from the fishery, particularly for recent years.
Use of a standardized method (StoX) for the determination of numbers-at-age in the surveys. The use of StoX for survey indices was evaluated at the beginning of AFWG 2020.
Future developments for the assessment of S. mentella may possibly include:
Use of a standardized method (ECA) for the determination of numbers-at-age in the catch.
A genetic-based method for rapidly identifying Sebastes species (S. norvegicus, S. mentella, S. viviparus);
Direct use of length information (as in GADGET);
Development of a joint age–length key for calculation of age composition of all S. mentella catches.
Development of a joint model for S. mentella and S. norvegicus which can include uncertainty in species identification and reporting of catch of Sebastes sp.
Implementing the current model in a more generic framework (SAM or XSAM) would provide a set of diagnostic tools and the wider expertise shared by the groups developing these models. The new version of GADGET, running the currently used TMB-package in the background, may provide an opportunity to put both species on the same platform.
Further studies of redfish mortality at young age, including a scientific publication, should be carried out. These studies should also take account of historic estimates of bycatch. Variable M by age and possibly time period could then be incorporated in the assessment.
5.8 - References
Charnov, E.L., Gislason, H., and Pope, J.G. 2013. Evolutionary assembly rules for fish life histories. Fish Fish. 14(2): 213-224.
Hamel, O.S. 2014. A method for calculating a meta-analytical prior for the natural mortality rate using multiple life history correlates. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 72(1): 62-69.
Höffle H. and Tranang C. A. 2020. Use of RstoX for recalculating numbers at age of Sebastes mentella from the joint NOR-RUS Barents Sea Ecosystem Survey in summer and autumn. WD18 - ICES AFWG2020.
Höffle H. and Planque B. (in revision). Natural mortality estimations for beaked redfish (Sebastes mentella) - a long-lived ovoviviparous species of the Northeast Arctic. Fisheries Research11 pp.
Hoenig, J. M. 1983. Empirical use of longevity data to estimate mortality rates. Fisheries Bulletin U.S. 81:898-903.
ICES 2013. Report of the Arctic Fisheries Working Group, Copenhagen, 18-24 April 2013. ICES C.M. 2013/ACOM:05, 726 pp.
ICES 2016. Final Report of the Working Group on International Deep Pelagic Ecosystem Surveys (WGIDEEPS). ICES CM, ICES CM 2016/SSGIEOM:02: 21pp.
ICES. 2018a. Report of the Benchmark Workshop on Redfish Stocks (WKREDFISH), 29 January-2 February 2018, Copenhagen, Denmark. ICES CM 2018/ACOM:34. 174 pp.
ICES. 2018b. Report of the Workshop on the evaluation of harvest control rules for Sebastes mentella in ICES areas 1 and 2 (WKREBMSE), June–August 2018, by correspondence. ICES CM 2018/ACOM:52. 32 pp.
Jakobsen, T., Korsbrekke, K., Mehl, S., and Nakken, O. 1997. Norwegian combined acoustic and bottom trawl surveys for demersal fish in the Barents Sea during winter. ICES CM 1997/Y:17.
Kenchington, T.J. Natural mortality estimators for information‐limited fisheries. Fish and Fisheries, 2014, 15.4: 533-562.
Planque, B. 2015. S. mentella assessment - handling the +group.: WD03 - ICES AFWG2015. 8 pp.
Planque, B. 2016. Possible use of the Pelagic and slope surveys in the analytical assessment of Sebastes mentella in ICES areas 1 and 2.: WD05 - ICES AFWG2016. 6 pp.
Planque, B., Vollen, T., Höffle, H., Harbitz A., 2018. Use of StoX for estimating numbers@age of Sebastes mentella from the international deep pelagic ecosystem survey in the Norwegian Sea.: WD07 - ICES AFWG2018. 38 pp.
Then, A. Y., Hoenig, J. M., Hall, N. G., and Hewitt, D. A. 2018. Evaluating the predictive performance of empirical estimators of natural mortality rate using information on over 200 fish species. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 75: 1509–1509. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsx199 (Accessed 18 January 2021).
Tranang C. A., Vollen T. and Höffle H. 2020. Use of StoX for recalculating numbers at age and numbers at length of Sebastes norvegicus from the Barents Sea NOR-RUS demersal fish cruise in winter.: WD17 - ICES AFWG2020. 60 pp.