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Joint Russian Norwegian Arctic Fisheries Working Group (JRN-AFWG) Report 2025

Author(s): Daniel Howell , Magnus Aune , Bjarte Bogstad (IMR), Olav Nikolai Breivik (Norsk Regnesentral), Oleg Bulatov (VNIRO), Anatoly Chetyrkin (VNIRO), Andrey Dolgov (VNIRO), Elise Eidset , Elena Eriksen (IMR), Anatoli Filin (VNIRO), Elvar H. Hallfredsson , Edda Johannesen (IMR), Yury Kovalev (VNIRO), Kjell Nedreaas (IMR), Dmitry Prozorkevich (VNIRO), Aleksey Russkikh (VNIRO), Charles Abraham Solberg (IMR), Aleksei Stesko (VNIRO), Caroline Aas Tranang , John Tyler Trochta (IMR), Aleksandr Trofimov (VNIRO), Dmitry Vasilyev (VNIRO), Mikko Vihtakari , Tone Vollen , Kristin Windsland (IMR), Natalia Yaragina (VNIRO) and Irina Prokopchuk (VNIRO)

Summary

On 30th March 2022 all Russian participation in ICES was temporally suspended. Although the announcement of the suspension stressed the role of ICES as a “multilateral science organization”, this suspension applied not only to research activities but also to the ICES work providing fisheries advice for the sustainable management of fish stocks and ecosystems. On 9th December 2024 Russia announced its intention to leave ICES by 9th December 2025. As a result, since 2022 the ICES AFWG has provided advice only for saithe, coastal cod north, coastal cod south, and golden redfish. Northeast Arctic (NEA) cod, haddock, beaked redfish, Greenland halibut, and capelin assessments have been conducted outside of ICES in a bilateral Joint Russian-Norwegian Working Group on Arctic Fisheries (JRN-AFWG). Although this work has been conducted independently of ICES, the methodologies agreed at ICES benchmarks and agreed HCRs (Harvest Control Rules) have been followed in providing this advice.

The chapter numbering in this report is not continuous (Chapter 2,5 and 7 are missing). This is

done in order to be consistent with the chapter numbering in ICES AFWG reports.

In 2025 we are giving advice for NEA cod and haddock. There is a 2-year advice for both Greenland halibut and beaked redfish, with the next advice release planned for 2026. The capelin advice is conducted and released in the autumn via a separate report. The beaked redfish model is planned for a method revision prior to the next advice.

We would note that both cod and haddock had TAC quota set above advice in 2025. Both stocks are projected to increase provided the HCRs are followed. However, any further fishing above scientific advice would imperil the improvements for these stocks, and for NEA cod in particular would increase the risk of the stock falling below Blim.

 

Advice on fishing opportunities for NEA cod

The NEA cod stock is continuing to decline following a prolonged period of moderate to poor recruitment, and is currently below Bpa but above Blim. Revisions in the weight at age and maturity have resulted in a downward revision of the stock, and quota set above advice for 2025 has resulted in a lower projected stock development.

Following the agreed HCR, the advice for 2026 is that catches should be no more than 269 440 tonnes, down from an advice of 311 587 tonnes and a quota of 340 000 tonnes in 2025. Provided that this advice is followed, then projections indicate that at current recruitment levels the stock should stabilize and start to rise slightly. Further quota above advice could be expected to delay any recovery for this stock, and potentially lead to further decline.

 

Advice on fishing opportunities for NEA haddock

Following a period of low recruitment the stock is rising as a result of a relatively good yearclass in 2021, and a further good yearclass in 2022 is predicted to enter the fishery in 2026.

Following the agreed HCR, the advice is that catches in 2026 should not exceed 153 293 tonnes, up from an advice of 106 912 tonnes and a quota of 130 000 tonnes in 2025. Provided that this yearclass is not heavily caught at small sizes then then this should lead to a continued increase in stock and catches as long as the advice is followed. In recent years there has been a rise in the catch of small haddock, and if this is not curtailed then there is a risk that a large part of the incoming yearclass could be fished before reaching a size to give optimum yield.

Chapter 1. Ecosystem considerations

The aim of this chapter is to identify important ecosystem information influencing the fish stocks. Ecosystem and climate changes, along with fishery, determine the stock dynamics of commercial species. Water temperature and ice conditions influence the distribution of the commercial fishes in the Barents Sea. Apart from this, temperature also impacts growth rate and mortality at the early stages (larvae, juveniles). Currents affect the strength of year-classes by providing transport of eggs, larvae and 0-group of commercial species from the spawning areas into the Barents Sea. Food availability is another important ecosystem driver that influence the rate of growth and maturation of commercial fishes. It depends not only on the prey availability, but also on feeding competition. Mortality due to predation, including cannibalism, can greatly affect population abundance of commercial species. The impact of ecosystem changes on the dynamics of bycatches of juveniles and non-target species in mixed fisheries should also be taken into account.

The Barents Sea ecosystem survey (BESS):

The aim of the Barents Sea ecosystem survey (BESS) in August-October is to monitor the status and changes in the Barents Sea ecosystem. In 2018, and 2022, BESS coverage was incomplete, and in 2020 it was delayed, making the evaluation of the ecosystem status more uncertain. The 2024 BESS was carried out during the period from 17-th August 2024 to 12th October by three Norwegian and one Russian research vessels. The temporal and spatial progression during the survey was good, despite technical problems and bad weather (Figure 1.1a and b).

 

Figure 1.1. The spatial (a, left) and temporal (b, right) progression during the survey.
Figure 1.1. The spatial (a, left) and temporal (b, right) progression during the survey.

 

Current state and changes

Abiotic conditions

Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in both the southern and northern Barents Sea were at, or slightly below, the long-term mean (1991-2020) for the first half of 2024. However, the SSTs rapidly increased in late June/early July reaching 3-3.5oC above the seasonal mean in August-September. These conditions were associated with a marine heatwave. The sea surface stayed warmer than the long-term mean for the rest of 2024 and at least to the end of February 2025. Despite a strong marine heat wave at the surface, it did not reach deeper waters at the time. Observations from the full water column in August-October reveal that the heat wave was present only in the upper 30 m of the water column. Below, most of the ocean had temperatures 0-1o C above the long-term mean. The exception was some patches with higher anomalies around Svalbard.

The southwestern Barents Sea is strongly affected by the varying characteristics of the inflowing Atlantic Water (AW). The long-term time series from standard sections reveal an increasing temperature trend in the Atlantic Water since the late 1970s. Temperatures in the inflowing water decreased from 2015-2019/2021 . The last 4-5 years the temperatures in summer have increased, but the winter temperatures do not show the same pattern (Figure 1.2).

 

Figure 1.2. Temperature in the AW flowing into the Barents Sea in Fugløya-Bear Island (red) and Vardø-North (blue). Left panels show winter while right panels show summer.
Figure 1.2. Temperature in the AW flowing into the Barents Sea in Fugløya-Bear Island (red) and Vardø-North (blue). Left panels show winter while right panels show summer.

 

Sea ice conditions in the northern Barents Sea in early winter 2024 were highly fluctuating with more sea ice than the long-term mean for about two weeks in January followed by small amounts of sea ice in February and then increasing SIA to levels above the long-term mean during late March to April. SIA was close to normal during May and the first half of June, and well below the long-term mean for the rest of 2024 and in January-February 2025.

The area of the Barents Sea occupied by bottom waters with a temperature < 0°C amounted to 31%, which was substantially higher compared to 2023 and somewhat below the level of 2019-2022 (Fig. 1.3). According to the expert evaluation, Atlantic water temperature in the Murman Current in 2025 is expected to remain typical of warm years. Due to high temperatures and low sea-ice extent in recent years, the ice coverage of the Barents Sea is expected to remain below normal. Lower-than-average ice coverage and longer duration of ice-free season increase the primary productivity of the Barents Sea.

 

Figure 1.3. Area of bottom waters with different temperature ranges in the Barents Sea in September-October 2000-2024.
Figure 1.3. Area of bottom waters with different temperature ranges in the Barents Sea in September-October 2000-2024.

 

There is no trend in the volume transport across the Barents Sea Opening when investigating the full time series. However, there appear to be shifts between periods. The period 1997-2006 had highly varying volume transports. The period 2007-2020, on the other hand, was more stable, with the exception of the extreme years of 2015-2016. From 2021 and onwards, the volume transport has been rather weak compared to before, in particular in spring/early summer and fall.

Mesozooplankton

The total mesozooplankton biomass in autumn 2024 was similar to preceding years in most of the Barents Sea. However, in several subareas of the Norwegian sector, where size-fractioned biomass data are available, the biomass of the mid-size fraction (typically representing older stages of large copepods like Calanus spp.) has been very low since 2020. During the same period, the biomass of the smallest size-fraction (typically representing young stages of intermediately sized copepods, as well as smaller species) has displayed a strong increase.

The changes in the biomasses of the intermediate and small zooplankton size-fractions may reflect a combination of factors including the predation pressure from the large fish stocks, possibly a lower advection of mesozooplankton with inflowing waters into the BS in recent years, as well as variability in local production rates.

Krill indices of biomass have shown increasing trends over recent decades to the increased contribution from M. norvegica in the BS.

Prey stocks

Euphausiids, amphipods and shrimp are important prey for most commercial fish in the Barents Sea. In 2023 the total biomass of euphausiids was slightly less than long term mean (1980-2023). In recent years, the northern shrimp stock has remained stable, showing fluctuations but without a clear trend. Indices were not updated in 2024.

Capelin, polar cod and young herring are the main forage pelagic fish in the Barents Sea, which are important prey for most predators in the area, including commercial demersal species. These species are very sensitive to various changes in the ecosystem, the influence of predators, fishing, or the plankton . Total biomass of the main pelagic species during 1986–2024 has fluctuated between ca. 0.5 and 9 million tonnes; largely driven by fluctuations in the capelin stock (Figure 1.4). During 2020-2024 (except for the year 2022 with poor survey coverage), the combined biomass of capelin, herring, polar cod, and blue whiting has been above the long-term average after a low-biomass period from 2014-2019. The biomass during this latter period has been dominated first by capelin from the 2019 and 2020 year-classes, and in the last two years by herring from the 2021 and 2022 year-classes.

 

Figure 1.4. Total biomass of pelagic fish (excluding 0-group) in the Barents Sea in 1986-2024. Note that herring survey estimates are available from 1999 and blue whiting estimates from 2004. Biomass estimates for herring between 1988 and 1998 are derived from the NSS-herring assessment (age 1-3). The dashed line denotes average biomass summed over all the included pelagic species for 1988-2024.
Figure 1.4. Total biomass of pelagic fish (excluding 0-group) in the Barents Sea in 1986-2024. Note that herring survey estimates are available from 1999 and blue whiting estimates from 2004. Biomass estimates for herring between 1988 and 1998 are derived from the NSS-herring assessment (age 1-3). The dashed line denotes average biomass summed over all the included pelagic species for 1988-2024.

 

The recent strong recruitment to the polar cod stock in 2016 and 2020 led to sudden increases in stock size, but the stock sizes decreased again rapidly (Figure 1.4). Polar cod are predicted to experience decrease in habitat and abundance with a warmer and more ice-free Barents Sea, and t here is also a high probability that polar cod are now distributed outside the standard survey area in the Barents Sea.

Specification of the ecosystem impact on the assessed species:

Cod

The cod stock has been decreasing, but predictions indicate that it will stabilize on a low level. The main effect of the ecosystem impact on cod stock dynamics is manifested in the change in the abundance of its recruitment. There have not been any strong year-classes of cod since 2005 despite high cod SSB and above average sea temperatures. Recruitment has previously been shown to be positively correlated with both those factors, but in recent years this is no longer the case. Meso-zooplankton is important for survival of larvae and 0-group cod, so their distribution must overlap with areas of relatively high plankton biomasses. Despite a large number of studies (see e.g. summary in Ottersen et al., 2014), the underlying mechanism of the impact of the Barents Sea ecosystem on cod recruitment is still not well understood.

Cod diet

Cod is a main predator among fishes in the Barents Sea. Its diet was relatively stable in recent years; capelin was the main prey. The diet composition of cod in 2024 was rather similar to that in 2023 (Figure 1.5). Since 2013 the importance of snow crab in cod diet considerably increased and has since then consisted of 3-7 % by weight (Figure 1.6). It should be noted that in 2022-2023 an unexpected increase of red king crab, up to 3-5 % by weight in the diet was observed (Figure 1.6), but cod consume only crab legs, empty carapaxes after molting or individuals with soft carapax immediately after molting. Figure 1.7 shows the consumption by cod in the period 1984-2024. Consumption of most prey has decreased in recent years due to decreasing cod abundance. Total prey consumption in 2024 was very close to that in 2023.

Figure 1.8 and 1.9 show the proportion of cod and haddock in the diet of cod. Predation of cod on juvenile cod and haddock was relatively low in 2020-2023, but the proportion of haddock in cod diet increased considerably from 2023 to 2024, which is consistent with the increased abundance of young haddock in recent years. The proportion of cod in cod diet also increased somewhat from 2023 to 2024.

Individual growth of cod now seems to have stabilized. Feeding conditions for cod are expected to be adequate in the near future, as the cod likely will be able to feed on other prey despite the present low capelin stock level (see Gjøsæter et al. 2009 for a discussion of ecosystem effects of capelin collapses). Also, the cod stock is low so there will be less competition for food.

 

Figure 1.5. Diet consumption of cod in the Barents Sea in 1984-2024, % by weight
Figure 1.5. Diet consumption of cod in the Barents Sea in 1984-2024, % by weight

 

 

Figure 1.6. Importance of snow crab and red king crab in diet of cod in 1984-2024, % by weight
Figure 1.6. Importance of snow crab and red king crab in diet of cod in 1984-2024, % by weight

 

 

Figure 1.7. Consumption of various prey items by cod in 1984-2024. Norwegian calculations.
Figure 1.7. Consumption of various prey items by cod in 1984-2024. Norwegian calculations.

 

 

Figure 1.8. Proportion of cod in cod diet by predator age group.
Figure 1.8. Proportion of cod in cod diet by predator age group.

 

 

Figure 1.9. Proportion of haddock in cod diet by predator age group.
Figure 1.9. Proportion of haddock in cod diet by predator age group.

 

Haddock

Warm conditions are necessary, but not sufficient conditions to ensure good recruitment and growth. Plankton bloom (timing and strength) and influx are important for year-class formation. The year classes 2018-2020 were poor, but the reasons are not fully explored. The year-classes 2021-2024 appear to be average, or above average. There is no clear recent trend in the condition factor of haddock (Figure 1.10). Older haddock includes a high proportion of benthic invertebrates in their diet, but the availability of this prey group is not known. The low cod stock should lead to less predation on haddock by cod, and therefore lower mortality on both pre-recruits and younger haddock recruited into the fishery.

 

Figure 1.10. Fulton’s K (100*weight (g) /length (cm)^3) calculated from average weights and lengths from the winter survey 1994-2025 (Godiksen et al. 2025)
Figure 1.10. Fulton’s K (100*weight (g) /length (cm)^3) calculated from average weights and lengths from the winter survey 1994-2025 (Godiksen et al. 2025)

 

Haddock diet

The diet composition of haddock is presented in Figure 1.11. Haddock is a benthivorous species and feeds mainly on polychaets, echinoderms and molluscs (on average up to 43 % by weight). However, euphausiids and fish (including capelin and herring) can be important prey items (on average up to 13 % and 17 % by weight respectively).

 

Figure 1.11. Diet composition of haddock in the Barents Sea in 1993-2024, % by weight
Figure 1.11. Diet composition of haddock in the Barents Sea in 1993-2024, % by weight

 

Greenland halibut

The distribution of the Northeast Arctic Greenland halibut stock is very uneven in the Barents Sea and adjacent waters and strongly depends on the migrations that it makes throughout its life. The highest densities of adult fish are observed in spawning grounds on the slope of the continental shelf. Juveniles are widely distributed along the northern part of the shelf and the northern part of the Barents Sea. Their abundance in the Barents Sea may be affected by water temperature and currents, although the effect of these factors is not fully understood and uncertain. Growth and maturation of the Greenland halibut depend on prey abundance. Greenland halibut feeds on zooplankton, shrimp, capelin, herring, polar cod and other small fishes. Cod can be both predator and food competitor for Greenland halibut, but spatial overlap is observed mainly between cod and Greenland halibut juveniles. Cannibalism can also be observed in areas with the overlapping of adults and juveniles. Mammals can consume Greenland halibut in the spawning areas.

The Greenland halibut stock has experienced notable changes over the past two decades. In the early 2000s, the stock was considered relatively stable, supported by moderate fishing pressure. From 2009, fishing activity has increased significantly, which has contributed to a gradual decline in both harvestable biomass and spawning stock biomass (SSB). By 2024, stock indicators suggested increased pressure on the population, as the SSB had fallen below precautionary reference points and the harvest rate exceeded sustainable levels. These developments highlight the importance of continued monitoring and adaptive management to support the long-term sustainability of the stock.

Beaked redfish

As a boreal species, it is benefiting from the warming in the Barents Sea. Its stock has increased in recent years, but stock assessment of this species is characterized by high uncertainty. Feeding condition for beaked redfish, which feeds on zooplankton and small fish (capelin), in 2022-2023 were likely to be relatively stable. Cod and Greenland halibut are main predators for the beaked redfish. However, as abundance of these species is declining and abundance of capelin, herring and polar cod is increased, the predation pressure on redfish is probably relatively low. In recent years, the total number of redfish juveniles, mostly S. mentella , caught as bycatch in the international shrimp fishery has increased (see text and figure below). This strongly depends on the overlap between the distribution areas of redfish juveniles and shrimp fishery areas. The stock size and distribution of shrimp as well as currents and temperature affect this.

Marine mammals

In the Barents Sea, about 15 cetacean species, 7 seal species and the polar bear can potentially be observed. The white-beaked dolphin is the most common cetacean species to be seen within the Barents Sea as it is distributed all over the area. Among the large baleen whales, especially minke whales, but also fin whales, are distributed over large parts of the Barents Sea, and are seasonally present at relatively high numbers. Humpback whales have much more aggregated distributions north and west of Hopen and around Bear Island, and these locations are also shared by the other baleen whale species.

In 2024, white-beaked dolphins were the most frequently observed, although lower in numbers than in previous years. Dominant species in the group of baleen whales were humpback whales and fin whales. Aggregations of humpback whales in areas East of Svalbard commonly overlap with capelin distribution.

Food web and species interactions

The Barents Sea food web is a relatively well-studied, cold-water marine ecosystem characterized by strong seasonal productivity and top-down control by predators (Blanchard et al. 2002, Wassmann and Reigstad 2011 ) . At its base, the food web starts with phytoplankton, which bloom in spring and are grazed by zooplankton such as Calanus finmarchicus . These in turn support a variety of pelagic fish like capelin ( Mallotus villosus ), herring, polar cod and the early life-stages of demersal fish. Demersal fish (e.g., cod, Gadus morhua ) feed on both pelagic and benthic prey, while marine mammals (such as harp seals and whales) and seabirds (e.g., auks) act as apex predators. The web is influenced by climate-driven changes in ice cover and inflow of Atlantic waters, affecting species composition and productivity.

A model for assessing the food web of marine mammals and fish in Barents Seas developed by Planque et al. (2024) is shown in Figure 1.12. Marine mammals consume large quantities of food, comprised of fish, including cod and lower trophic level species that support commercial fish stocks.

Fig. 1.12. Results from a food-web assessment model for marine mammals, fish, and fisheries in the Barents and Norwegian Seas (Planque et al. 2024). Note the legends in lower left corner of the figure.
Figure 1.12. Results from a food-web assessment model for marine mammals, fish, and fisheries in the Barents and Norwegian Seas (Planque et al. 2024). Note the legends in lower left corner of the figure.

 

According to Mauritzen et al. (2022) marine mammals consume about 535 000 tons of gadoid species annually in the Barents Sea. We should get more information about the gadoid species composition and size of this prey in their diet to better evaluate the mortality caused by marine mammals compared to cannibalism, fishing mortality and other natural mortalities. For Northeast Arctic cod, total cannibalism during the record high spawning stock biomasses (SSB) during 2011-2015 was up to 370 000 tons (2013), while cannibalism in 2024 was estimated to 112 000 tons (Table 1.1).

Table 1.1. The North-east arctic COD stock's consumption of various prey species in 1984-2024 (1000 tonnes) based on Norwegian consumption calculations. Same data as for Figs. 5 and 7.
Year Other Amphipods Krill Shrimp Capelin Herring Polar cod Cod Haddock Redfish G. halibut Blue whiting Long rough dab Snow crab
1984 522 30 140 459 747 83 16 23 55 376 0 0 25 0
1985 1239 185 63 177 1765 212 3 31 53 242 0 2 48 0
1986 675 1424 136 163 948 161 155 74 108 339 0 0 66 0
1987 804 1356 88 231 292 38 223 26 6 337 1 0 11 0
1988 445 1415 337 150 381 8 98 11 2 258 0 5 6 0
1989 671 822 235 123 591 3 37 8 10 222 0 0 67 0
1990 1154 124 77 162 1411 7 5 16 14 190 0 82 87 0
1991 699 65 73 164 2455 7 10 23 16 266 7 8 242 0
1992 822 94 151 352 2261 275 91 46 88 172 23 2 94 0
1993 710 242 645 304 2865 155 268 260 69 91 2 2 27 0
1994 610 553 694 507 1056 146 599 222 48 76 0 1 43 0
1995 830 980 530 359 606 117 245 366 113 194 2 0 36 0
1996 604 627 1182 346 539 46 100 528 66 94 0 10 36 0
1997 477 421 564 348 974 5 114 347 44 33 0 33 15 0
1998 450 415 527 375 825 102 172 161 36 9 0 14 18 0
1999 429 168 314 296 2024 149 256 66 29 18 1 34 8 0
2000 424 187 499 500 1923 61 217 83 58 8 0 40 21 0
2001 723 178 393 292 1834 75 263 68 51 6 1 157 31 0
2002 375 95 257 240 1996 86 279 108 127 1 0 238 16 0
2003 547 286 542 238 2152 216 276 110 166 3 0 74 52 0
2004 624 559 346 246 1247 214 356 126 197 3 11 56 64 1
2005 772 568 514 271 1388 131 386 117 324 2 4 114 52 0
2006 860 220 1047 352 1736 167 106 79 360 12 2 162 123 0
2007 1255 308 1077 429 2145 284 263 87 376 46 0 44 73 0
2008 1579 158 920 388 2873 105 513 186 290 59 12 18 92 0
2009 1492 240 586 267 3987 121 732 194 250 28 3 5 115 2
2010 1607 415 997 282 3901 52 333 240 263 138 10 14 132 7
2011 1533 247 842 219 4068 81 418 280 274 114 0 26 120 9
2012 1953 305 788 343 3613 50 513 370 217 50 33 8 123 7
2013 1716 252 528 260 3573 50 134 367 195 107 1 21 162 15
2014 1368 321 468 199 3634 70 30 350 85 31 10 18 103 9
2015 1583 622 662 246 3205 126 142 206 172 138 40 58 81 33
2016 1652 512 698 294 2158 93 340 188 218 56 5 85 115 9
2017 1040 127 588 249 2891 192 87 309 267 44 4 24 135 50
2018 1161 373 854 220 2778 195 233 236 267 32 67 45 51 42
2019 774 245 529 302 2549 173 159 178 201 44 0 2 97 47
2020 815 463 470 158 1837 104 400 98 81 26 11 12 149 86
2021 883 139 372 196 2182 96 393 186 25 111 0 13 94 39
2022 680 66 310 196 1893 145 299 116 76 81 4 30 73 43
2023 622 109 181 182 1614 165 101 55 67 105 0 58 112 29
2024 613 113 215 137 1499 176 64 112 293 33 6 23 71 24
Sum 37790 16029 20439 11224 82416 4744 9433 6656 5656 4194 260 1538 3086 452

Concerns have been raised, and questions asked why the number of Northeast Arctic cod surviving to age 3 did not increase despite the record high SSBs producing these year-classes in 2011-2015, and the evidence of strong new year-classes being produced at the 0-group stage (Figure 1. 13a-c ). Possible explanations for the low survival to age 3 are fishing (e.g., bycatch of juveniles in shrimp fishery), climate, food, predation, cannibalism and random effects. All these explanations should be further investigated to see if one in the future could gain more long-lasting effects of keeping high SSBs although cannibalism and predations by marine mammals are likely the main reasons.

A:                                                                    B:                                                                     C:

Fig. 1.13. Illustrating the low survival of promising year-classes of cod produced by record high SSBs during 2011-2015. A - comparing SSB with corresponding year-classes at age 0, B - comparing SSB with corresponding year-classes at age 2 and 3 and C- comparing SSB with corresponding year-classes at age 3.
Figure. 1.13. Illustrating the low survival of promising year-classes of cod produced by record high SSBs during 2011-2015. A - comparing SSB with corresponding year-classes at age 0, B - comparing SSB with corresponding year-classes at age 2 and 3 and C- comparing SSB with corresponding year-classes at age 3.

 

Discards and young fish bycatch in mixed fishery

In this report, the terms ‘landings’ and ‘catches’ are, somewhat incorrectly, used as synonyms, as discards are in no cases used in the assessments. This does not mean, however, that discards have not occurred, but the WG has no information on the likely extent. Available information indicates low discard rates at present (less than 5% of catch), and it therefore is assumed that discards are negligible in the context of the precision of the advice.

We would note that there have been historical periods with significant mis-reporting, and for further information on under- and misreporting, we refer to the 2016 and 2022 AFWG reports.

Bycatch estimates (1994–2024) of redfish, cod, haddock, Greenland halibut and polar cod juveniles in the commercial shrimp fishery in the Barents Sea are presented in Figure 1. 14 . These estimates are obtained with a spatio-temporal model based on a procedure elaborated in Breivik et al. (2017). In Breivik et al. (2017) an extensive validation study indicates that the procedure obtains bycatch estimates with approximately correct uncertainty. The bycatch estimates illustrated in Figure 1. 14 are available for each quarter in each main statistical area (not shown in report). Note the increase in bycatch of redfish juveniles in recent years. In the Barents Sea , genetic analyses of redfish juveniles collected from bycatches in the shrimp fishery some years ago showed that 97% of the redfish juveniles were S. mentella (K. Nedreaas, pers.com .). Most of the redfish bycatch are 8-15 cm and 1-3 years old S. mentella with an average weight of about 22 g. A bycatch of 30 million redfish hence corresponds to 650 tons bycatch compared to 33 000 tons eaten by cod in 2024. On the other hand, 10 million 2-year-old redfish bycatch (i.e., 1/3 of the total bycatch) is about 4% of the assessed total stock number of 2 year olds (Howell et al. 2024). The current stock assessment of S. mentella is less accurate with regards to small fish since it mainly focuses on the fished part of the stock. The natural mortality of the smallest redfish caught as bycatch is also likely higher than M=0.05 used in the current stock assessment.

The time-series in Figure 1.14 are obtained by scaling the estimated bycatch in the Norwegian shrimp fishery with the international fishery in e.g., each season and ICES area. The scaling procedure assumes that the Norwegian fishery is representative of the international shrimp fishery with regards to bycatch. This assumption is necessary because the international catch data are available only to a low spatio-temporal resolution. If the international vessels to a relatively high degree trawl at locations not trawled by Norwegian vessels, the bycatch estimates illustrated in Figure 1. 14 may be biased. The estimated bycatches do not include larger fish kept in escapement bags in some countries’ shrimp fisheries in international waters (the “Loop-hole”).

The same spatio-temporal model may also be used as a tool to open closed areas.

Fig. 1.14. Estimated bycatch of cod, haddock, redfish, Greenland halibut and polar cod (Boreogadus saida) in the Barents Sea international shrimp fishery. Intervals are 90% confidence intervals.
Figure. 1.14. Estimated bycatch of cod, haddock, redfish, Greenland halibut and polar cod (Boreogadus saida) in the Barents Sea international shrimp fishery. Intervals are 90% confidence intervals.

 

Sampling of commercial catches – age and length sampling

Tables 1.2–1.5 show the development of the Norwegian, Russian, Spanish and German sampling of commercial catches in the period 2008–2024. The tables show the total sampling effort, but do not show how well the sampling covers the fishery. Indices of coverage should be developed to indicate this. The main reason for the general strong decrease in numbers of Norwegian samples in the first part of this period is the termination of the port sampling program in northern Norway. This program is now up and running again. It should be considered whether catch sampling carried out by different countries fishing by trawl for the same time and area could be coordinated and data shared on a detailed level to a greater extent than is done today. It is also possible for Norway to provide stock coordinators in other countries with samples collected by the Norwegian Coastguard during their inspections of foreign vessels.

  Year No of unique vessels No of length samples No of length-measured individuals No of unique vessels (***) No of age samples No of aged individuals Landing tonnes Length-samples per 1000 t Age samples per 1000 t Aged individuals per 1000 t EU DCF for comparison per 1000 t
NEA-cod + coastal cod
  2008 336 2526 51263   464 16026 196067 12.9 2.4 81.7 125
  2009 272 2669 53350   417 14170 224816 11.9 1.9 63.0 125
  2010 175 2542 39733   338 7671 263816 9.6 1.3 29.1 125
  2011 273 2305 46227   434 10043 331535 7.0 1.3 30.3 125
  2012 356 3132 57954   618 14710 363207 8.6 1.7 40.5 125
  2013 266 2917 81583 84 1275 13940 464258 6.3 2.7 30.0 125
  2014 556 2063 254627 306 1170 14815 465554 4.4 2.5 31.8 125
  2015 498 1654 130514 89 1392 16500 413741 4.0 3.4 39.9 125
  2016 482 2500 91590 401 1398 17027 403907 6.2 3.5 42.2 125
  2017 413 2615 91366 348 1458 15471 408423 6.4 3.6 37.9 125
  2018 873 3163 122788 346 1545 15535 369897 8.6 4.2 42.0 125
  2019 842 3093 135375 337 1457 12519 322233 9.6 4.5 38.9 125
  2020 389 1869 53587 259 653 12431 334773 5.6 2.0 37.1 125
  2021                      
  2022                      
  2023                      
  2024                      
 NEA-haddock
  2008 285 2177 45038   281 9474 72553 30.0 3.9 130.6 125
  2009 233 2255 41481   206 6010 104882 21.5 2.0 57.3 125
  2010 154 2155 38045   232 5458 123517 17.4 1.9 44.2 125
  2011 227 2028 39663   312 7225 158293 12.8 2.0 45.6 125
  2012 258 2609 47995   386 8191 159008 16.4 2.4 51.5 125
  2013 89 2142 62193 86 965 5718 99127 21.6 9.7 57.7 125
  2014 425 1479 114560 126 825 7297 91333 16.2 9.0 79.9 125
  2015 397 1380 76574 47 967 8394 95086 14.5 10.2 88.3 125
  2016 237 1986 47032 208 391 8202 108718 18.3 3.6 75.4 125
  2017 215 2108 57461 150 1084 8805 113206 18.6 9.6 77.8 125
  2018 536 2435 85303 130 1088 8397 93839 25.9 11.6 89.5 125
  2019 497 2269 83378 123 1003 7652 93860 24.2 10.7 81.5 125
  2020 142 1055 32009 70 342 6589 88108 12.0 3.9 74.8 125
  2021                      
  2022                      
  2023                      
  2024                      
Beaked redfish (S. mentella) **
  2008 13 178 1038   0 0 2214 80.4 0.0 0.0 125
  2009 12 319 1841   2 40 2567 124.3 0.8 15.6 125
  2010 11 284 3664   11 320 2245 126.5 4.9 142.5 125
  2011 9 255 3210   11 298 2690 94.8 4.1 110.8 125
  2012 13 166 2187   13 241 2098 79.1 6.2 114.9 125
  2013 14 184 383 5 13 390 1361 135.2 9.6 286.6 125
  2014 11 36 4664 12 49 5 13402 2.7 3.7 0.4 125
  2015 22 295 8324 5 19 174 19433 15.2 1.0 9.0 125
  2016 23 285 5470 9 23 169 18191 15.7 1.3 9.3 125
  2017 22 234 3507 7 29 177 17077 13.7 1.7 10.4 125
  2018 26 407 7295 8 41 374 18594 21.9 2.2 20.1 125
  2019 21 345 5884 6 38 329 23844 14.5 1.6 13.8 125
  2020 29 475 10796 9 75 686 32950 14.4 2.3 20.8 125
  2021 27 623 17001 6 53 970 43794 14.2 1.2 22.1 125
  2022 27 488 10658 7 71 1238 40716 12.0 1.7 30.4 125
  2023                      
  2024                      
Greenland halibut
  2008 56 622 20307       7394 84.1     125
  2009 35 753 17233       8446 89.2     125
  2010 44 541 9222       7685 70.4     125
  2011 52 504 9239       8273 60.9     125
  2012 51 637 9765       10074 63.2     125
  2013 53 523 10554 1 2   12613 41.5 0.16 0.0 125
  2014 52 391 5140       10876 36.0     125
  2015 92 440 11200 21 22 944 10704 41.1 2.1 88.9 125
  2016 120 415 8040 22 29 1128 12573 33.0 2.3 89.7 125
  2017 107 486 10385 24 28 1128 13194 36.8 2.1 85.5 125
  2018 98 505 9083 5 27 629 14876 33.9 1.8 42.3 125
  2019 93 455 9286 47 86 697 14813 30.7 5.8 47.0 125
  2020 89 509 9110 52 80   14532 35.0 5.5 0.0 125
  2021 73 590 10804 40 66 979 14008 42.1 4.7 69.9 125
  2022 64 502 8164 40 59 0 13138 38.2 4.5 0.0 125
  2023 76 335 7290 38 48 0 13919 23.1 3.5 0.0 125
  2024                      
 Capelin
  2008 4 3 150   0 0 5000 0.6 0.0 0.0 125
  2009 18 97 7039   39 1039 233000 0.4 0.2 4.5 125
  2010 75 230 6191   47 1291 246000 0.9 0.2 5.2 125
  2011 115 315 8346   48 1313 273000 1.2 0.2 4.8 125
  2012 84 308 9337   29 843 181328 1.7 0.2 4.6 125
  2013 12 213 12215 47 47 773 156340 1.4 0.3 4.9 125
  2014 27 113 9054 1 8 1086 40021 2.8 0.2 27.1 125
  2015 65 722 83776 65 722 5393 71435 10.1 10.1 75.5 125
  2016 7 27 1863 7 27 649 0       125
  2017 21 43 2294 14 25 305 0       125
  2018 68 207 15022 33 76 823 123461 1.7 0.6 6.7 125
  2019 4 26 260 2 13 0 0       125
  2020             0       125
  2021             0       125
  2022 23   2256     673 42597       125
  2023 16   1539     480 37652       125
  2024                      
Table 1.2 . Age and length sampling by Norway of commercial catches in 2008–202 4 . Number of samples and average number of fish per sample. Also, number of age samples and aged individuals per 1 000 t caught. For comparison, also the EU DCF requirements are shown.

**In addition to age the otoliths are also used for identification of coastal cod.

**Age samples from surveys with commercial trawl come in addition.

***From 2013 No. of unique vessels are split by length and age samples.

****Only from large, meshed gillnets as basis for assessment.

  Year No of length-measured individuals (commercial catches) No of aged individuals (commercial catches) No of aged individuals (surveys) Total no of aged individuals Landings tonnes Length-measured individuals per 1000 t Aged individuals per 1000 t (commercial catches) Total aged individuals per 1000 t EU DCF for comparison per 1000 t
 NEA-cod* 
  2008 380592 3097 7565 10662 190225 2001 16.3 56.0 125
  2009 178038 1075 7426 8501 229291 776 4.7 37.1 125
  2010 126502 1828 7670 9498 267547 473 6.8 35.5 125
  2011 122623 2376 5783 8159 310326 395 7.7 26.3 125
  2012*** 140028 2040 7742 9782 329943 424 6.2 29.6 125
  2013 131455 1999 8103 10102 432314 304 4.6 23.4 125
  2014 114538 3110 7154 10264 433479 264 7.2 23.7 125
  2015*** 105721 2486 6095 8581 381188 277 6.5 22.5 125
  2016 158006 5090 2704 7794 394107 401 12.9 19.8 125
  2017 161192 4918 6121 11039 396195 407 12.4 27.9 125
  2018 157048 3129 1982 5111 340364 461 9.2 15.0 125
  2019*** 83018 2093 3737 5830 316813 262 6.6 18.4 125
  2020*** 112950 3105 3858 6963 312683 361 9.9 22.3 125
  2021                  
  2022                  
  2023                  
  2024                  
NEA-haddock                    
  2008 216959 2498 5677 8175 68792 3154 36.3 118.8 125
  2009 43254 489 5421 5910 85514 506 5.7 69.1 125
  2010 85445 834 5060 5894 111372 767 7.5 52.9 125
  2011 61990 1570 3584 5154 139912 443 11.2 36.8 125
  2012*** 87880 1545 5034 6579 143886 611 10.7 45.7 125
  2013 42927 1205 4021 5226 85668 501 14.1 61.0 125
  2014 45447 899 3796 4695 78725 577 11.4 59.6 125
  2015*** 31009 914 2972 3886 91864 338 9.9 42.3 125
  2016 55598 2691 1884 4575 115710 480 23.3 39.5 125
  2017 74297 3554 2614 6168 106714 696 33.3 57.8 125
  2018 61360 2274 1136 3410 90486 678 25.1 37.7 125
  2019*** 44728 1923 1778 3701 76125 588 25.3 48.6 125
  2020*** 69301 2356 1575 3931 89030 778 26.5 44.2 125
  2021                  
  2022                  
  2023                  
  2024                  
S. mentella
  2008 21446 471 3379 3850 7117 3013 66.2 541.0 125
  2009 29435 761 1447 2208 3843 7659 198.0 574.6 125
  2010 2776 100 2295 2395 6414 433 15.6 373.4 125
  2011 917 7 640 647 5037 182 1.4 128.4 125
  2012 7802 422 1146 1568 4101 1902 102.9 382.3 125
  2013 19092 1253 1625 2878 3677 5192 340.8 782.7 125
  2014 817 25 1297 1322 1704 479 14.7 775.8 125
  2015 771   1818 1818 1142 675 0.0 1591.9 125
  2016 27765 1076 85 1161 8419 3298 127.8 137.9 125
  2017 958 99 1000 1099 4952 193 20.0 221.9 125
  2018 21004 845 39 884 10497 2001 80.5 84.2 125
  2019 6881 400 469 869 13164 523 30.4 66.0 125
  2020 8718 340 612 952 13997 623 24.3 68.0 125
  2021                  
  2022                  
  2023                  
  2024                  
Greenland halibut
  2008 106411 1519 3366 4885 5294 20100 286.9 922.7 125
  2009 77554 819 2282 3101 3335 23255 245.6 929.8 125
  2010 32090 416 2784 3200 6888 4659 60.4 464.6 125
  2011 9892 115 1541 1656 7053 1403 16.3 234.8 125
  2012 82943 2140 2506 4646 10041 8260 213.1 462.7 125
  2013 12608 555 2756 3311 10310 1223 53.8 321.1 125
  2014 24346 633 2106 2739 10061 2420 62.9 272.2 125
  2015 22116 575 2489 3064 12953 1707 44.4 236.5 125
  2016 11818 574 221 795 10576 1117 54.3 75.2 125
  2017 24061 1205 1579 2784 10713 2246 112.5 259.9 125
  2018 21893 954 308 1262 12072 1814 79.0 104.5 125
  2019 861 125 1552 1677 12198 71 10.2 137.5 125
  2020 1387 165 1853 2018 12266 113 13.5 164.5 125
  2021                  
  2022                  
  2023                  
  2024                  
Capelin
  2008** 82625 1644 2341 3985 5000 16525 328.8 797.0 125
  2009 94541 900 2511 3411 73000 1295 12.3 46.7 125
  2010 67265 1072 4043 5115 77000 874 13.9 66.4 125
  2011 63784 1273 2271 3544 86531 737 14.7 41.0 125
  2012 20023 1130 1783 2913 68182 294 16.6 42.7 125
  2013 54708 1565 1007 2572 60413 906 25.9 42.6 125
  2014 13206 850 1249 2099 25720 513 33.0 81.6 125
  2015 27200 1000 1004 2004 115       125
  2016 8669 3954 1047 5001 0       125
  2017     4115 4115 6       125
  2018 14491 250 1050 1300 65934 220 3.8 19.7 125
  2019     1498 1498 34       125
  2020     1245 1245 19       125
  2021                  
  2022                  
  2023                  
  2024                  
Table 1.3 . Age and length sampling by Russia of commercial catches and age sampling of surveys in 2008–202 4 . Also, length-measured individuals and aged individuals per 1000 t caught. For comparison also the EU DCF requirements are shown.

*In addition, also used long-term mean age–length keys.

**Age samples from surveys with commercial trawl come in addition.

***In addition, used samples from Russian vessels, sampled by the Norwegian Coast Guard in 2012, 2015, 2019, and 2020.

Stock Year No of vessels No of length-measured individuals (commercial catches) No of aged individuals (commercial catches) No of aged individuals (surveys) Total no of aged individuals Landings tonnes Length-measured individuals per 1000 t Aged individuals per 1000 t (commercial catches) Total aged individuals per 1000 t EU DCF for comparison per 1000 t
                       
 NEA-cod                      
  2008 2 10108 610   610 9658 1047 63 63 125
  2009 2 8733 1834   1834 12013 727 153 153 125
  2010 2 28297 1735   1735 12657 2236 137 137 125
  2011 2 11633 964   964 13291 875 73 73 125
  2012 2 9849 998   998 12814 769 78 78 125
  2013 2 30295 2381   2381 15041 2014 158 158 125
  2014 2 27828 2306   2306 16479 1689 140 140 125
  2015 2 18568 1445   1445 18772 989 77 77 125
  2016 2 27937 1246   1246 14640 1908 85 85 125
  2017 2 33984 2018   2018 14414 2358 140 140 125
  2018 1 25933 911   911 14415 1799 63 63 125
  2019 1 5781 1117   1117 13939 415 80 80 125
  2020           11403       125
  2021 2 23891 1314   1314 11080 2156 119 119 125
  2022 2 22791 345   345 12214 1866 28 28 125
  2023                    
  2024                    
                       
NEA-haddock*                    
  2009 1 2561       240        
  2010 1 3243       379        
  2011 1 1796       408        
  2012 2 3198       647        
  2013 1 660       413        
  2014 1 2460       370        
  2015 1 702       418        
  2016 2 701       357        
  2017 1 710       156        
  2018 1 154       169        
  2019           280        
  2020           45        
  2021           131        
  2022           187        
  2023                    
  2024                    
S. mentella                      
  2008** 1 2275 28     987 2304 28 0 125
  2011* 1 86       1237        
  2012** 2 11579 476     1612 7183 295 0 125
  2014** 1 6177       1146 5390      
  2015** 1 6117       2371 2580      
  2016** 1 11806       3133 3768      
  2017** 1 5015       2624 1911      
  2018** 1 11638       2399 4851      
  2019** 1 11952       1908 6265      
  2020**           737        
  2021** 1 2074 157     280 7396      
  2022           277        
  2023                    
  2024                    
Greenland halibut
  2008 2 11662       112 103826      
  2009 1 3383       210 16143      
  2010 1 5783       182 31800      
  2011 1 8541       169 50600      
  2012 1 4809       186 25907      
  2013 1 11988       190 63019      
  2014 1 12002       206 58262      
  2015 1 17552       111 158126      
  2016 1 15031       218 68837      
  2017                    
  2018                    
  2019 1         49        
  2020           96        
  2021           125        
  2022           164        
  2023           72        
  2024                    
Table 1.4 . Age and length sampling by Spain 0F 1 of commercial catches and length sampling of surveys in 2008–202 4 . Also, length-measured individuals and aged individuals per 1000 t caught. For comparison also the EU DCF requirements are shown.

*Sampling from bycatch in cod fishery.

**Sampling from pelagic redfish fishery.

***Sampling from Spanish Greenland halibut survey.

  Year No of unique vessels No of length samples No of length-measured individuals No of aged individuals Landings tonnes Length-measured individuals per 1000 t Age-sampled individuals per 1000 t EU DCF for comparison
NEA cod
  2008 5 3 65800 2033 4955 13280 410 125
  2009 5 2 43107 2419 8585 5021 282 125
  2010 5 2 51923 3075 8442 6151 364 125
  2011 4 1 7318 769 4621 1584 166 125
  2012 4 2 16315 1924 8500 1919 226 125
  2013 4 2 29281 2043 7939 3688 257 125
  2014 4 1 23137 1291 6225 3717 207 125
  2015 4 1 39335 886 6427 6120 138 125
  2016 3 1 22109 1060 6636 3332 160 125
  2017 4 1 19942 785 5969 3341 132 125
  2018 4 2 43371 2283 7774 5579 294 125
  2019 2 1 17954 1444 8535 2104 169 125
  2020 2 1 21716 1021 9786 2219 104 125
  2021 2 1 21548 1393 5470 3939 255 125
  2022 2 1 14795 986 7171 2063 137 125
  2023                
  2024                
NEA haddock                  
  2008 5 3 5548 442 535 10370 826 125
  2009 5 2 23348 958 1957 11931 490 125
  2010 5 2 54704 1039 3539 15457 294 125
  2011 4 1 1925 160 1724 1117 93 125
  2012 4 2 4088 502 1111 3680 452 125
  2013 4 1 7040 478 501 14052 954 125
  2014 4 1 3113 261 340 9156 768 125
  2015 4 1 616 325 124 4968 2621 125
  2016 3 1 4807 544 170 28276 3200 125
  2017 4 1 3464 527 155 22348 3400 125
  2018 4 2 4345 497 391 11113 1271 125
  2019 2 1 5031 393 208 24188 1889 125
  2020 2 1 2979 356 283 10527 1258 125
  2021 2 1 2808 344 368 7630 935 125
  2022 2 1 3270 399 271 12066 1472 125
  2023                
  2024                
Redfish                  
  2008 5 3 330 0 46 7174 0 125
  2009 8 2 0 0 100 0 0 125
  2010 6 2 0 0 52 0 0 125
  2011 6 1 7937 0 844 9404 0 125
  2012 9 2 4036 0 584 6911 0 125
  2013 4 1 1315 0 81 16235 0 125
  2014 4 1 571 0 451 1266 0 125
  2015 4 1 76 0 266 286 0 125
  2016 3 1 6095 0 497 12264 0 125
  2017 4 1 977 0 770 1269 0 125
  2018 4 2 3438 0 2508 1371 0 125
  2019 2 1 8958 0 1741 5145 0 125
  2020 3 1 4248 0 1998 2126 0 125
  2021 2 1 2261 0 743 3043 0 125
  2022 2 1 8525 0 896 9515 0 125
  2023                
  2024                
Greenland halibut                
  2008 5 2 0 0 5 0 0 125
  2009 3 2 0 0 19 0 0 125
  2010 2 2 0 0 14 0 0 125
  2011 3 1 0 0 81 0 0 125
  2012 4 2 0 0 40 0 0 125
  2013 3 1 1298 0 49 26544 0 125
  2014 4 1 1076 0 34 31647 0 125
  2015 4 1 658 0 32 20563 0 125
  2016 3 1 365 0 9 40556 0 125
  2017 4 1 0 0 21 0 0 125
  2018 4 1 257 0 52 4942 0 125
  2019 2 1 511 0 45 11356 0 125
  2020 2 1 305 0 74 4122 0 125
  2021 2 1 160 0 88 2222 0 125
  2022 2 1 672 0 95 7074 0 125
  2023 2 1 161 0 76 2118 0 125
  2024                
Table 1.5 . Age and length sampling by Germany of commercial catches and age sampling of surveys in 2008–202 4 . Also, length-measured individuals and aged individuals per 1 000 t caught. For comparison also the EU DCF requirements are shown.

References

Blanchard, A. L., et al. (2002). "The structure of a community strongly affected by top predators: The Barents Sea." Polar Biology, 25(5), 310–320.

Breivik, O.N, Storvik, G. and Nedreaas, K. 2017. Latent Gaussian models to predict historical bycatch in commercial fishery, Fisheries Research, Volume 185, Pages 62-72, ISSN 0165-7836, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2016.09.033.

Gjøsæter, H., Bogstad, B., and Tjelmeland, S. 2009. Ecosystem effects of three capelin stock collapses in the Barents Sea. In Haug, T., Røttingen, I., Gjøsæter, H., and Misund, O. A. (Guest Editors). 2009. Fifty Years of Norwegian-Russian Collaboration in Marine Research. Thematic issue No. 2, Marine Biology Research 5(1):40-53. Doi: 10.1080/17451000802454866

Howell et al. 2024. Report of the Joint Russian-Norwegian Working Group on Arctic Fisheries (JRN-AFWG). IMR PINRO 2024-7. https://www.hi.no/hi/nettrapporter/imr-pinro-en-2024-7

Mette Skern-Mauritzen , Ulf Lindstrøm , Martin Biuw , Bjarki Elvarsson , Thorvaldur Gunnlaugsson , Tore Haug , Kit M Kovacs , Christian Lydersen , Margaret M McBride , Bjarni Mikkelsen , Nils Øien , Gísli Víkingsson 2022. Marine mammal consumption and fisheries removals in the Nordic and Barents Seas. ICES Journal of Marine Science, Volume 79, Issue 5, July 2022, Pages 1583–1603, https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsac096

Ottersen, G., Bogstad, B., Yaragina, N. A., Stige, L. C., Vikebø, F., and Dalpadado, P. 2014. A review of early life history dynamics of Barents Sea cod ( Gadus morhua ). ICES Journal of Marine Science 71(8): 2064-2087.

Planque, B., Bas, L., Biuw, M., Blanchet M.A., Bogstad, B., Eriksen, E., et al. .2024. A food-web assessment model for marine mammals, fish, and fisheries in the Norwegian and Barents Seas. Progress in Oceanography, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2024.103361

The state of biological resources of the Barents, White and Kara Seas and the North Atlantic in 2025. / Murmansk, PINRO 2025, 183 p.

van der Meeren, G. and Prozorkevitch, D. (eds.) 2024. Survey report from the joint Norwegian/Russian Ecosystem Survey in the Barents Sea and the adjacent waters August- December 2024. IMR/PINRO-report series x/2023 (in prep)

Wassmann, P., & Reigstad, M. (2011). "Future Arctic Ocean seasonal ice zones and implications for pelagic-benthic coupling." Oceanography, 24(3), 220–231.

Chapter 3. Cod in subareas 1 and 2 (Northeast Arctic)

Status of the fisheries

Historical development of the fisheries (Table 3.1)

From a level of about 900 000 t in the mid-1970s, total catch declined steadily to around 300 000 t in 1983—1985 (Table 3.1). Catches increased to above 500 000 t in 1987 before dropping to 212 000 t in 1990, the lowest level recorded in the post-war period. The catches increased rapidly from 1991 onwards, stabilizing at around 750 000 t in 1994—1997 but decreased to about 414 000 t in 2000. From 2000—2009, the reported catches were between 400 000 and 520 000 t. In addition, there were unreported catches (see below). Catches decreased from a peak of 986 000 t in 2014 to 693 000 t in 2019-2020 before increasing to 767 000 t in 2021 and decreasing again to 582 552 t in 2023 and 453 040 t in 2024.

The fishery is conducted both with an international trawler fleet and with coastal vessels using traditional fishing gears. Quotas were introduced in 1978 for the trawler fleets and in 1989 for the coastal fleets. In addition to quotas, the fishery is regulated by a minimum catch size, a minimum mesh size in trawls and Danish seines, a maximum bycatch of undersized fish, closure of areas having high densities of juveniles and by seasonal and area restrictions.

Reported catches prior to 2025 (Tables 3.1-3.4, Figure 3.1)

The provisional catch of cod in Subarea 1 and divisions 2.a and 2.b for 2024 reported to the working group is 483 867 t (including both NEA cod and NCC catches).

The historical practice (considering catches between 62°N and 67°N for the whole year and catches between 67°N and 69°N for the second half of the year to be Norwegian coastal cod) has been used for estimating the Norwegian landings of Northeast Arctic cod up to and including 2011 (Table 3.2). The catches of coastal cod subtracted from total cod catches in Subarea 1 and divisions 2.a and 2.b for the period 1960—2024 are given in Table 3.2. For 2012–2024 the Norwegian catches have been analyzed by an ECA-version designed for simultaneously providing estimates of catch numbers-at-age for each of the two stocks.

Coastal cod catches in 2024 for the southern and northern area combined were 30 827 tonnes and this amount was as in previous years subtracted from the total cod catch north of 62° N to get the figure for NEA cod used in that assessment (Table 3.1 and 3.2).

The time series for coastal cod catches are now inconsistent with the coastal cod catches presented in ICES AFWG 2025 Chapter 2, as the coastal cod catch time series were revised at WKBarFar (ICES 2021a), but not the NEA cod time series. At WKBarFar, the proposal for revision of NEA cod catch data series was rejected, as Norwegian data for many years and age groups (especially ages 12+ in years prior to 2013) were changed considerably and the reason for this was not sufficiently explained. WKBarFar recommended that when the revision of the historical Norwegian catch data is ready it should be submitted to ICES for review, ideally by a review attached to the AFWG.

The catch by area is shown in Table 3.1 and further split into trawl and other gears in Table 3.3. The distribution of catches by gears in 2024 was similar to 2023, while the proportion of catches taken in area 2a increased markedly. The nominal landings by country are given in Table 3.4.

There is information on cod discards (see ICES AFWG 2021 section 0.4, ICES 2021b) but it was not included in the assessment because these data are fragmented and different estimates are in contradiction with each other. Moreover, the level of discards is relatively small in the recent period and including these estimates in the assessment should not change our perception of NEA cod stock size.

In summer/autumn 2018, a Norwegian vessel caught 441 t of cod in the Jan Mayen EEZ, which is a part of ICES area 2a, mostly by long-line. Cod is known to occasionally occur in this area, but rarely in densities which are suitable for commercial fisheries. The cod caught in this area in 2018 was large (65-110 cm), and otolith readings and genetics both showed this cod to be a mix of Northeast Arctic and Icelandic cod. Norway did in 2019-2020 carry out an experimental long-line fishery during four different periods in each year in order to investigate further the occurrence of cod in this area in space and time as well as stock identity. A description of this fishery as well as a historic overview of cod observations around Jan Mayen is given in Bogstad (2023).

Quotas, catches and advice for the period 2019-2025 for cod in the Jan Mayen area are given in Table 3.1a. These catches are not included in the catch statistics for Northeast Arctic cod. No directed fishery for cod was allowed in 2024, but 6 t were caught as bycatch in the Greenland halibut fishery.

Unreported catches of Northeast Arctic cod (Table 3.1)

In the years 2002—2008, certain quantities of unreported catches (IUU catches) have been added to the reported landings. More details on this issue are given in the Working group reports for that period.

There are no reliable data on level of IUU catches outside the periods 1990—1994 and 2002—2008, but it is believed that their level was not substantial enough to influence historical stock assessment.

According to reports from the Norwegian-Russian analysis group on estimation of total catches, the total catches of cod since 2009 were very close to officially reported landings.

TACs and advised catches for 2024 and 2025

The Joint Norwegian-Russian Fisheries Commission (JNRFC) agreed on a cod TAC of 453 427 t for 2024, and in addition 21 000 t Norwegian coastal cod. The total reported catch of 453 040 t in 2024 was 387 t below the agreed TAC. Since 2015, JNRFC has decided that Norway and Russia can transfer to next year or borrow from last year 10% of the cod country’s quota. That may lead to some deviation between agreed TAC and reported catch. As an extraordinary measure due to expected underfishing of the TAC in 2021, JNRFC decided that it should be possible to transfer 15% of the TAC between 2021 and 2022, but thereafter the maximum transfer was reset back to the agreed 10%.

The advice for 2025 given by JRN-AFWG in 2024 was 311 587 t based on the agreed harvest control rule. The quota established by JNRFC for 2025 was set to 340 000 t. In addition, the TAC for Norwegian Coastal Cod was set to the same value for 2025 as for 2024: 21 000 t.

Status of research

Fishing effort and CPUE (Table A1, Figure 3.4-3.5)

CPUE series of the Russian and Norwegian trawl fisheries are given in Table A1 and described in Kovalev (WD1) and Gundersen et al. (WD2). The Russian series have been combined by area and vessel type since last year (WD1). The data reflect the total trawl effort (Figure 3.4 and 3.5), both for Norway and Russia. Norwegian data for 2011–2024 are not compatible with data for 2007 and previous years. Norwegian CPUE (double trawl) has declined from 2020 to 2021 and has then stabilized (Figure 3.5). Russian CPUE has declined in a similar way as total stock biomass has decreased in recent years (Figure 3.4).

Survey results - abundance and size at age (Tables 3.5, A2-A14)

Joint Barents Sea winter survey (bottom trawl and acoustics) Acronyms: BS-NoRu-Q1 (BTr) and BS-NoRu-Q1 (Aco)

The survey was carried out as planned with relatively good spatial coverage, although bad weather and ice limited the coverage somewhat.

Before 2000 this survey was made without participation from Russian vessels, while in 2001—2005, 2008—2016 and 2018-2025, Russian vessels have covered important parts of the Russian zone. In 2006—2007 the survey was carried out only by Norwegian vessels. In 2007, 2016, and 2021-2025 the Norwegian vessels did not cover any part of the Russian EEZ. The methods for adjustment for incomplete area coverage are described in detail in Fall et al. (2024) and references therein. Table 3.5 shows areas covered in the time-series and the additional areas implied in the method used to adjust for missing coverage in the Russian Economic Zone.

Regarding the older part of this time-series it should be noted that the survey prior to 1993 covered a smaller area (Jakobsen et al . 1997), and the number of young cod (particularly 1- and 2-years old fish) was probably underestimated. Changes in the survey methodology through time are described in Appendix 2 in Fall et al. (2024). Note that the change from 35 to 22 mm mesh size in the codend in 1994 is not corrected for in the time-series. This mainly affects the age 1 indices.

It is likely that in recent years the coverage in the February survey (BS-NoRu-Q1 (BTr) and BS-NoRu-Q1 (Aco)) has been incomplete, in particular for the younger ages. This could cause a bias in the assessment, but the magnitude is unknown. The 2014–2025 surveys covered considerably larger areas than earlier winter surveys and showed that most age groups of cod (particularly ages 1 and 2) were distributed far outside the standard survey area. The bottom trawl survey estimates including the extended area for 2014-2025 were used in the tuning data separately from the same index before 2014, as decided at WKBarFar 2021 (ICES 2021a).

Lofoten acoustic survey on spawners Acronym: Lof-Aco-Q1

The estimated abundance indices from the Norwegian acoustic survey off Lofoten and Vesterålen (the main spawning area for this stock) in March/April are given in Table A4. A description of the survey, sampling effort and details of the estimation procedure can be found in Korsbrekke (1997). The 2025 survey result in biomass terms was 32 thousand tonnes, this is 30 % of the 2024 level and the lowest since 1988.

A pilot survey on spawning grounds north of the area covered by the Lofoten survey was carried out in 2023 (Korsbrekke 2024), at about the same time and in the same way as the Lofoten survey. The total abundance in that area was about 17% of that in the Lofoten area. The area covered by this pilot survey is mostly covered also by the winter survey, but with much larger distance between transects at that time.  Such a survey was not carried out in 2024 or 2025. Extra coverage of this area in the winter survey should be considered as the fishery on spawning cod has shifted northwards in recent years.

Joint Ecosystem survey Acronym: Eco-NoRu-Q3 (Btr)

Swept area bottom trawl estimates from the joint Norwegian-Russian Ecosystem survey (BESS) in August-September for the period 2004–2024 are given in Table A14. This survey normally covers the entire distribution area of cod at that time of the year.

In 2014 this survey had an essential problem with area coverage in the north-west region because of difficult ice conditions. During the 2013 survey, a substantial part of population was distributed in the area covered by ice in 2014. Based on those observations AFWG decided in 2015 to exclude 2014 year from that tuning series in current assessment. In 2016 there was incomplete coverage in the international waters and close to the Murman coast. An adjustment for this incomplete coverage was made based on interpolation from adjacent areas (Kovalev et al 2017, WD 12). At this time of the year, usually a relatively small part of the cod stock is found in the area which was not covered in 2016. In 2017 and 2019 the coverage was close to complete, although the far northeastern part of the survey area (west of the north island of Novaya Zemlya) was not covered due to military restrictions. In 2018, a large area in the eastern part of the Barents Sea was not covered. Thus, it was decided not to include 2018 data from this survey in the assessment.

The coverage in 2020 was less synoptic than usual, but it was decided to keep the results in the assessment. The 2021 and 2023 coverages were adequate. In 2024 the coverage was somewhat incomplete west of Svalbard (van der Meeren and Prozorkevitch, 2025).

In 2022 the coverage of the Russian EEZ was done much later than the coverage of the Norwegian EEZ, with the entire survey period being from 15 August to 3 December (van der Meeren and Prozorkevitch, 2023). Also, some areas were not covered. Indices based on the combined data have been calculated (Table A14), but due to the poor synopticity and incomplete coverage it was decided not to use the index for that year in the assessment.

The survey indices are calculated both by the BioFox and StoX calculation methods, and as in earlier years, the Biofox series was used in the tuning. A research recommendation from WKBarFar was to unify these two methods for estimating indices from the Ecosystem survey. However, the benchmark decided to use weight at age from StoX in calculations of weight at age used in the assessment.

Russian autumn survey Acronym: RU-BTr-Q4

Abundance estimates from the Russian autumn survey (November-December) are given in Table A9 (acoustic estimates) and Table A10 (bottom trawl estimates). The entire bottom trawl time-series was in 2007 revised backwards to 1982 (Golovanov et al ., 2007, WD3), using the same method as in the revision presented in 2006, which went back to 1994. The new swept area indices reflect Northeast Arctic cod stock dynamics more precisely compared to the previous one - catch per hour trawling. The Russian autumn survey in 2006 was carried out with reduced area coverage. Divisions 2a and 2b were adequately investigated in the survey in contrast to Subarea 1, where the survey covered approximately 40% of the long-term average area coverage. The Subarea 1 survey indices were calculated based on actual covered area (40 541 sq. miles). The 2007 AFWG decided to use the “final" year class indices without any correction because of satisfactory internal correspondence between year class abundances at age 2—9 years according to the 2006 survey and ones due to the previous surveys.

This survey was not conducted in 2016, but was carried out in 2017, when 79% of the standard survey area was covered (Sokolov et al 2018, WD 11). The index shows a reliable internal consistency, and it was decided to use it in the assessment. This survey was not carried out in 2018-2024 and is discontinued.

Survey results - length and weight-at-age (Tables A5-A8, A11-A12, A15, A16)

Length-at-age is shown in Table A5 for the Joint Barents Sea winter survey, in Table A7 for the Lofoten survey and in Table A11 for the Russian survey in October-December. Weight-at-age is shown in Table A6 for the Joint Barents Sea winter survey, in Table A8 for the Lofoten survey, Table A12 for the Russian survey in October-December and Table A15 for the Ecosystem survey (calculated using StoX). Table A16 presents combined data on Weight-at-age from Joint Barents Sea winter survey and Lofoten survey.

Length and weight at age in the Joint Barents Sea winter survey was fairly stable from 2024 to 2025, with some decrease noted for ages 1-4. Weight at age in the Lofoten survey was similar to 2024. The size at age in the Ecosystem survey in 2024 decreased for ages 1-3 and increased for ages 4-7 compared to 2023.

Age reading

The joint Norwegian-Russian work on cod otolith reading has for many years included regular exchanges of otoliths and age readers (see ICES2021b chapter 0.7). The results of fifteen years of annual comparative age readings are described in Yaragina  et al . (2009). Zuykova  et al . (2009) re-read old otoliths and found no significant difference in contemporary and historical age determination and subsequent length at age. However, age at first maturation in the historical material as determined by contemporary readers is somewhat younger (from -0.6 years for the 1940-1950s to -0.28-0 years for the 1970-1980s) than that determined by historical readers. Taking this difference into account would thus affect the spawning stock-recruitment relationship and thus the biological reference points.

The overall percentage agreement for the 2017–2018 exchange was 87.7% (Zuykova et al. 2020). The main reason for cod ageing discrepancies between Russian and Norwegian specialists remains the same, representing the latest summer growth zone, and different interpretations of the false zones. The general trend is that the Russian readers assign slightly lower ages than the Norwegian readers compared to the modal age for age groups 7 years and older. This is opposite of what we have seen in previous readings, where the Russian readers have tended to be slightly overestimating the age compared to the Norwegian readers for younger fish (1-5 years), underestimating for older fish (>10 years) and reading without significant difference for ages 6-9 years.

The trend with bias in NEA cod age determination registered for some years of the period 1992–2018 between experts of both countries is a solid argument to continue comparative cod age reading between PINRO and IMR to monitor the situation. The German participant has expressed an intention to join the age reading cooperation in future.

Cod and haddock otoliths from 2019-2024 have not yet been exchanged between the parties. A system for transferring otoliths between IMR and the Polar Branch of VNIRO needs to be set up to resume regular calibration of age readings. At present, in the absence of a system for transferring otolith samples between IMR and the Polar Branch of VNIRO, the scientists have exchanged images of cod and haddock otoliths (100 and 110 specimens) for the first time. Images of otoliths will temporarily be used instead of a physical exchange of otoliths until a system for exchange is in place. Norwegian otoliths collected in 2024 have been embedded in epoxy, cut and photographed by Norwegian specialists, and images have been shared with the Polar Branch of VNÌRO according to the agreed plans of the long-term cooperation. Each reader estimated fish age and annotated the corresponding zones in a single-blind approach (without access to any other annotation). In addition to the dataset containing reader-specific ages, the exchange coordinator then also generated for each fish a single image representing all readers and their annotations, to facilitate discussion and comparison of age estimates.

Online workshops were conducted on May 19th and 26th 2025. The principal objectives were to assess the general results of the exchange (agreement, bias, etc.), but more importantly to go through the annotated materials for as many samples as possible, starting with the more difficult / least agreed upon otoliths. The cod exchange results were encouraging but the overall percentage agreement was initially somewhat low at around 67%, with most age classes showing agreement over 70% (Denechaud et al., WD7). Differences in age estimates were, however, mostly restrained to deviations of one year and rarely more than 2, indicating no strong bias among age reading practices. Initial results indicated a potential small “positive” bias from the Russian reader for most age classes, suggesting a tendency to estimate older ages than the Norwegian readers as in previous exchange. During discussion with the annotations of everyone available, the group reached consensus on a single age for most samples. The necessary use of images from sectioned otoliths means that the results were not directly comparable to previous exchanges nor to actual age estimates from broken otoliths. More data is needed to assess the statistical power of these biases given the wide age distribution of samples (age groups 2-14) and moderate amounts of otoliths for comparison of each separate age group. It was noted that due to the higher resolution and static nature of annotating images, readers found it easier to count more rings than while actively reading under a binocular.

Data available for use in assessment

Data for the period 1946–1983 are taken from the AFWG 2001 report (ICES 2001) and were not revised at the WKBarFar benchmark in 2021.

Catch-at-age (Table 3.6)

For 2024, age compositions from all areas were available from Norway, Russia and Spain. German age compositions were also available but were not used due to inadequate sampling.

There is a concern about the biological sampling from parts of both the Norwegian and Russian fishery that may be too low or missing. Also, the split between NEA cod and coastal cod may be affected by the sampling coverage. Data from Norwegian Coast Guard vessels’ length measurements onboard Russian vessels in some quarters of 2024 were used for calculation of age composition of Russian catches in Division 1, 2a and 2b.

Survey indices available for use in assessment (Table 3.13, A13)

The following survey data series were available:

Fleet code Name Place Season Age Years
Fleet 15* Joint bottom trawl survey Barents Sea Feb-Mar 3–12+ 1981–2013, 2014-2025
Fleet 16 Joint acoustic survey Barents Sea+Lofoten Feb-Mar 3–12+ 1985–2025
Fleet 18 Russian bottom trawl surv. Barents Sea Oct-Dec 3–12+ 1982–2017
Fleet 007 Ecosystem surv. Barents Sea Aug-Sep 3–12+ 2004–2024**

*Survey indices for Fleet 15 were divided by two series (before and after 2014) in model tuning as decided at WKBarFar 2021.

**2014, 2018 and 2022 data not used in the assessment

The tuning fleet file is shown in Table 3.13. Note that the joint acoustic survey (sum of Barents Sea and Lofoten acoustic survey indices) is given in Table A13.

Survey indices for Fleet 15 have been multiplied by a factor 100, while survey indices for Fleets 007, 16 and 18 have been multiplied by a factor 10. This is done to keep the dynamics of the surveys even for very low indices, because some models (e.g. XSA) add 1.0 to the indices before the logarithm is taken.

Weight-at-age (Tables 3.7-3.9, A6, A8, A12, A16).

Catch weights

For 2024, weight-at-age in the catch for areas 1, 2a and 2b was provided by Norway, Russia and Spain (Table 3.7). For ages up to and including 11, observations are used. Following the WKBarFar 2021 decision, weight at age in catch for the years 1983-present for ages 12-15+ are calculated by a cohort-based von Bertalanffy approach used to replace previous fixed values.

Stock weights

For ages 1—11 stock weights-at-age at the start of year y (Wa,y ) for 1983—2024 are calculated combining, when available, weight at age from the Winter, Lofoten, Russian autumn and Ecosystem surveys. The details are given in the Stock Annex. For ages 12-15+ a similar approach as for weight at age in the catch was used.

Natural mortality including cannibalism (Table 3.12, Table 3.17)

A natural mortality (M) of 0.2 + cannibalism was used. Cannibalism is assumed to only affect natural mortality of ages 3-6.

2024 data are available, and 2023 data have been updated.

The method used for calculation of prey consumption by cod described by Bogstad and Mehl (1997) is used to calculate the consumption of cod by cod for use in cod stock assessment. The consumption is calculated based on cod stomach content data taken from the joint PINRO-IMR stomach content database (methods described in Mehl and Yaragina 1992). On average about 9000 cod stomachs from the Barents Sea have been analyzed annually in the period 1984—2024.

These data are used to calculate the per capita consumption of cod by cod for each half-year (by prey age groups 0—6 and predator age groups 1–11+). It was assumed that the mature part of the cod stock is found outside the Barents Sea for three months during the first half of the year. Thus, consumption by cod in the spawning period was omitted from the calculations.

An iterative procedure was applied to include the per capita consumption data in the SAM run. It is described in detail in Stock Annex.

For the cod assessment data from annual sampling of cod stomachs has been used for estimating cannibalism, since the 1995 assessment. The argument has been raised that the uncertainties in such calculations are so large that they introduce too much noise in the assessment. A rather comprehensive analysis of the usefulness of this was presented in Appendix 1 in the 2004 AFWG report (ICES 2004). The conclusion was that it improves the assessment.

The data on cod cannibalism for the historical period (1946—1983) was included in assessment during the benchmark to make the time-series consistent (ICES 2015a, WKARCT 2015). These estimates were based on hindcasted values of NEA cod natural mortality at ages 3—5 using PINRO database on food composition from cod stomach for the historical period (Yaragina et al . 2018).

Maturity-at-age (Tables 3.10-3.11)

Historical (pre–1982) Norwegian and Russian time-series on maturity ogives were reconstructed by the 2001 AFWG meeting (ICES 2001). The Norwegian maturity ogives were constructed using the Gulland method for individual cohorts, based on information on age at first spawning from otoliths. For the time period 1946—1958 only the Norwegian data were available. The Russian proportions mature-at-age, based on visual examinations of gonads, were available from 1959.

Since 1982 Russian and Norwegian survey data have been used (Table 3.10). For the years 1985—2024, Norwegian maturity-at-age ogives have been obtained by combining the Barents Sea winter survey and the Lofoten survey. Russian maturity ogives from the autumn survey as well as from commercial fishery for November-February are available from 1984 until present. The Norwegian maturity ogives tend to give a higher percent mature-at-age compared to the Russian ogives, which is consistent with the generally higher growth rates observed in cod sampled by the Norwegian surveys. The percent mature-at-age for the Russian and Norwegian surveys have been arithmetically averaged for all years, except 1982—1983 when only Norwegian observations were used and 1984 when only Russian observations were used.

Russian data for the autumn survey for 2018 and later years were not available as the survey was not conducted. In WD15, 2019, updated correction factors to allow for this when calculating the combined maturity-at-age in 2019 were calculated, based on historical differences between Norwegian and Russian data. These correction factors were then applied to the Norwegian data for 2020-2025.

The approach used for calculating maturity at age is the same as previously used and consistent with the approach used to estimate the weight-at-age in the stock, except that no data from the Ecosystem survey are used. However, since survey data, both abundance indices and proportion mature, have been revised, the entire time series of ogives back to 1994 was revised at the benchmark. The proportions of mature cod for age 13–15 are set to 1 for the period 1984–present.

Maturity-at-age for cod has been variable the last years, particularly for ages 6–9. According to the combined data, maturity at age decreased from 2024 to 2025 for age groups 6-10 (Table 3.11).

Assessment using SAM

SAM settings (Table 3.14)

The SAM model settings optimized by WKBarFar are shown in Table 3.14.

SAM diagnostics (Figure 3.2 a-e)

Residuals for the SAM run are shown in Figure 3.2a, while model retrospective plots of F, SSB and recruitment are shown in Figure 3.2b. Historical retrospective pattern for final SAM run are shown in Figure 3.2c. Figure 3.2d compares observed and modelled catches in tonnes and Figure 3.2e shows the catchability by survey and age group.

The retrospective pattern is generally adequate (Figure 3.2b), with absolute values of Mohn’s rho < 18% for SSB, R and F.

Results of assessment (Tables 3.15-3.18, Figure 3.1)

Summaries of landings, fishing mortality, stock biomass, spawning stock biomass and recruitment since 1946 are given in Table 3.18 and Figure 3.1.

The fishing mortalities and population numbers are given in Tables 3.15 and 3.16.

The estimated F5-10 in 2024 is 0.627, which is above Fpa and also above the Fmsy range (Table 3.18). Fishing mortality has been increasing steadily from 2012-2022 but seems to have levelled off since 2022. The spawning stock biomass in 2025 is estimated to be 330 kt (Table 3.20), which is the lowest since 2000, and much lower than the peak in 2013 (2,186 kt). When comparing it farther back in time, one should bear in mind that in the early part of the time-series (before the 1980s) the fraction at age of mature fish was considerably lower.

Total stock biomass in 2025 is estimated to 1,133 kt, which is below the long-term mean and well below the highest level observed after 1955 (3,662 kt in 2013).

It is noted that the exploitation pattern is still dome-shaped with a marked decrease in selectivity above age 12, although the dome-shape is not as strong as in assessments made before the 2021 benchmark.

M values (M = 0.2+cannibalism mortality) are given in Table 3.17. For ages 3—5 the M matrix in 1946—1983 also includes cannibalism mortality since the benchmark meeting in 2015 (ICES 2015a).

Reference points and harvest control rules

The current reference points for Northeast Arctic cod were estimated by SGBRP (ICES 2003a) and adopted by ACFM at the May 2003 meeting.

At the 46th session of JNRFC a new version of the management rule was adopted (see section 3.5.3) . The TAC advice for 2026 is based on the agreed harvest control rule.

Biomass reference points

The values adopted by ACFM in 2003 are Blim = 220 000 t, Bpa = 460 000 t. (ICES 2003a).

Fishing mortality reference points

The values adopted by ACFM in 2003 are Flim = 0.74 and Fpa = 0.40 (ICES 2003a). The Fmsy for NEA cod was estimated by WKBarFar 2021 to be in the range 0.40 - 0.60.

Harvest control rule

The history of how the harvest control rule has developed is given in the 2017 AFWG report (ICES 2017). JNRFC in 2015 asked ICES to explore the consequences of 10 different harvest control rules. This was done by WKNEAMP (ICES 2015b, 2016). JNRFC in 2016 adopted one of the rules explored by WKNEAMP (Rule 6 in that report).

The current rule reads as follows:

The TAC is calculated as the average catch predicted for the coming 3 years using the target level of exploitation (Ftr ).

The target level of exploitation is calculated according to the spawning stock biomass (SSB) in the first year of the forecast as follows:

- if SSB < Bpa, then Ftr = SSB / Bpa × Fmsy ;

- if Bpa ≤ SSB ≤ 2×Bpa, then Ftr = Fmsy ;

- if 2×Bpa < SSB < 3×Bpa, then Ftr = Fmsy × (1 + 0.5 × (SSB - 2×Bpa) / Bpa );

- if SSB ≥ 3×Bpa, then Ftr = 1.5 × Fmsy ;

where Fmsy=0.40 and Bpa =460 000 tonnes.

If the spawning stock biomass in the present year, the previous year and each of the three years of prediction is above Bpa, the TAC should not be changed by more than +/- 20% compared with the previous year’s TAC. In this case, Ftr should however not be below 0.30.

Prediction

Prediction input (Tables 3.19a)

The input data to the short-term prediction with management option table (2025—2028) are given in Table 3.19a. For 2025 stock weights and maturity were calculated from surveys as described in Sections 3.3.2 and 3.3.4.

Catch weights in 2025 onwards and stock weights in 2026 and onwards for age 3–11 are predicted by the method described by Brander (2002), where the latest observation of weights by cohort are used together with average annual increments to predict the weight of the cohort the following year. The method is given by the equation

W(a+1,y+1)=W(a,y) + Incr(a), where Incr(a) is a “medium term” average of Incr(a,y)= W(a+1,y+1)-W(a,y)

This method was introduced in the cod prediction in the 2003 working group (ICES 2003b). Since the 2005 working group (ICES 2005) an average of the 3 most recent values of annual increments have been used for predicting stock weights. For catch weights the last 5-year period for averaging the increments is used (changed from 10-year period at the 2021 benchmark).

The maturity ogive for the years 2026—2028 was predicted by using the 2022-2024 average. The fishing pattern in 2025 and later years was set equal to the average of the previous 3 years. The stock annex prescribes average over 5 years, but as there has been a clear shift in the fishing pattern in recent years towards exploiting younger fish, a 3-year average was considered to be more appropriate. A 3-year average was also used in last year’s assessment.

The stock number-at-age in 2025 was taken from the final SAM run (Table 3.16) for ages 4 and older. Recruitment at age 3 in the years 2025—2028 was estimated as described in section 3.7.2. Figure 3.3 shows the development in natural mortality due to cannibalism for cod (prey) age groups 1-3 together with the abundance of capelin in the period 1984—2024. Although natural mortality increased from 2023 to 2024, there is no clear time trend in natural mortality. Thus, the average M values for the last 3 years are used to predict natural mortality of age groups 3—6 for years 2025—2028 (based on benchmark decision, WKARCT 2015 and unchanged at WKBarFar 2021).

The catch in 2025 is expected to be close to the TAC when taking into account transfers of quota between years and the expected level of the coastal cod catch. It was found to be more appropriate to use TAC constraint than Fsq (which is the usual choice) in the intermediate year, as Fsq would imply a catch in 2025 of 398 000 t, i. e. 58 000 t above the TAC.

Recruitment prediction (Table 3.19b-c)

At the 2008 AFWG meeting (ICES 2008) it was decided to use a hybrid model, which is a weighted arithmetic mean of different recruitment models. This model has not performed well in recent years (as shown e.g. in Fig. 3.2c for the prediction of age 3 abundance in the assessment (intermediate) year. A thorough analysis of existing recruitment models and five proposed new models, as well as using recent averages of recruitment values was carried out in 2024 (Kovalev and Chetyrkin, WD6, 2024) and updated this year. Based on the model performance, the RCT3 model was, as in 2024, chosen for predicting 1-3 years ahead.

This gave recruitment values of 537 million for 2025, 378 million for 2026, 322 million for 2027 and 356 million for 2028. For the age 3 recruitment in 2025, the results of running RCT3 with/without the Ecosystem survey and SAM (456 million) were all very similar. An average of the recent 4 years was chosen to predict 4 years ahead (i.e. the recruitment at age 3 for 2028 being calculated as the 2022-2025 average).

It is suggested to rerun an analysis of various recruitment models each year.

Issues to be considered for the future:

Including the Ecosystem survey in the RCT3 analysis.

Evaluate the performance of the SAM model for the 1-year-ahead prediction. The Mohn’s rho for recruitment in SAM is currently quite good (12% for the last 5 years), but the retrospective performance of SAM has not been compared to the models proposed in Kovalev and Chetyrkin (WD6, 2024).

Prediction results (Tables 3.20-3.21)

The resulting SSB in 2026 is 325 kt, which is 2 % lower than the SSB in 2025. Table 3.20 shows the short-term consequences over a range of F-values in 2026. The detailed outputs corresponding to a catch equal to the TAC in 2025 and the F corresponding to the HCR and Fpa in 2026 are given in Table 3.21. Summarized results are shown in the text table below.

Basis Total catch (2026) F (2026) SSB (2027) % SSB change * % TAC change ** % Advice change ***
Management plan^ 269 440 0.3 67 359 319 1 0 - 21 - 14
Other options            
MSY approach: FMSY **** 289 647 0.40 347 646 7 - 15 - 7
F = 0 0 0 527 732 6 2 -100 -100
F = 0.283 ^^ 214 765 0.283 391 622 20 -31 -37
F = F2025 354 709 0. 511 311 083 - 4 4 14
Fpa 289 647 0.40 347 646 7 - 15 - 7
Flim 472 332 0.74 249 215 -2 3 39 52

* SSB 2027 relative to SSB 2026.

** Advice for 2026 relative to TAC for 2025 (340 000 tonnes).

*** Advice for 2026 relative to advice for 2025 (311 587 tonnes)

**** F = 0.40 corresponds to the lower bound of the F MSY range (0.40-0.60), F not reduced for SSB being below B pa .

^ Since SSB in 2026 is below B pa = 460 000 t, F = 0.40*SSB 2026 /B pa = 0.283 is used in the 3-year prediction, giving catches of 214 765, 270 953 and 322 601 t in 2026, 2027 and 2028, respectively. The average of this is 269 440 tonnes. As SSB is below B pa in 2026, the 20% limit on annual change in TAC does not apply.

^^F=0.283 corresponds to applying the harvest control rule without a 3-year prediction.

The advice for 2026 is 14% lower than the advice for 2025. The downward adjustment of spawning stock size since last year’s assessment and the declining spawning stock trend both contribute to the reduction in advice.

This catch forecast covers all catches. It is then implied that all types of catches are to be counted against this TAC. It also means that if any overfishing is expected to take place, the above calculated TAC should be reduced by the expected amount of overfishing.

Exploratory analysis of one possible formulation of an HCR which is S-shaped when SSB is below Bpa (see formula below) was presented at JRN-AFWG. Using that particular formulation with a three-year prediction as in the existing HCR would give an Ftarget of 0.36, giving catches of 264 832, 317 555 and 362 712 tonnes in 2026, 2027 and 2028, respectively. The average of this is 315 033 tonnes.  Note that this is not the agreed HCR and is not being presented as the basis for current management but is presented here to facilitate further exploration of such a rule. In particular, the precise formulation of such a rule (especially the degree to which it deviates from the current straight line) would need to be explored by JRN-AFWG before it could be recommended for use in management.

Formula for S-shaped reduction of Ftarget below Bpa : (in the example described above the exponent p=3 was used, but other exponents could be explored)

Ftarget=a*SSBp for SSB<=0.5*Bpa

Ftarget=Fpa-a*(Bpa-SSB)p for 0.5*Bpa < SSB < Bpa

where

a=0.5*Fpa/((0.5*Bpa)p )

Medium-term predictions (Figure 3.8)

The inputs for medium-term prediction are the same as for short-term ones. For years after terminal year in short-term prediction the same value as for this year are used for all parameters except target fishing mortality which is according to the HCR.

The stock size has been decreasing in recent years due to low incoming recruitment, downward adjustment of the stock size (due to model modifications at the benchmark in 2021) and high fishing mortality. The increase in fishing mortality was partly due to the 20% limit on annual reduction of TAC. Recruitment in coming years (2022-2025 year classes) is also estimated to be below average. The reasons for the low recent recruitment are not known, but investigation on this topic is ongoing. Previous periods of low recruitment have mainly occurred when temperature is below average, which is not the case at present.

The predictions for 2026 and following years indicate that catches, SSB and total stock biomass will increase after 2026, and that SSB will remain below Bpa until 2028 (Figure 3.8).

Comparison to 2024 assessment

The text table below compares this year’s estimates with the 2024 JRN-AFWG estimates for numbers at age (millions), total biomass, spawning biomass (thousand tonnes) in 2024, as well as reference F for the year 2023.

    N (2024) by age      
Assessment year F (2023) 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12+ TSB (2024) SSB (2024) F (2024)
2024 0.589 587.0* 167.2 101.6 91.9 80.1 55.6 29.3 12.9 2.6 1.9 1289 552 0.589**
2025 0.631 632.5 183.3 105.6 94.8 77.4 48.0 27.7 10.4 2.3 1.1 1244 490 0.627
Ratio 2025/2024 1.07 1.08 1.10 1.04 1.03 0.97 0.86 0.95 0.81 0.88 0.58 0.97 0.89 1.06

*estimated by recruitment models

**assuming Fsq

In the current assessment, the number of age 3-6 in 2024 was adjusted upwards compared to the 2024 JRN-AFWG assessment, while the older age groups were adjusted downwards.

Comparison to prediction

The change in the advice is large compared to last year. The advice for 2026 is 269 440 t, while the advice for 2025 given by JRN-AFWG was 311 587 t. The 2025 assessment adjusted the spawning stock size in recent years downwards. The main tendency for stock decrease in recent years was similar to last year’s assessment.

Concerns with the assessment and management advice

The WG realizes that imprecise input data, in particular the catch-at-age matrix, and discontinuation of some surveys as well as incomplete spatial coverage and reduced synopticity in surveys, could be a main obstacle to producing precise stock assessments, regardless of which model is used.

Given the decline of the stock in recent years, the 20% limit on annual TAC change led to fishing pressure well above the target in the HCR for several years. The SSB has now fallen below Bpa, and it is thus critical for future stock development to ensure that the TAC is set equal to the scientific advice. The allowed 10% quota transfer between years compounds the risk arising from the TAC being set above the advice in the current situation with the spawning stock being below Bpa .

Based on the predicted SSB in 2026, F=   0.283   is used for the advice. Applying F= 0.283   to the projected stock in 2026 would give a quota advice of   214 765 t . The three-year look ahead component in the HCR results in the actual advice being higher (at 269 440   t ) because the HCR accounts for signs that the stock is expected to increase in 2026-2028, assuming the catch advice is followed.

It is also a concern whether the current harvest control rule is precautionary in view of the recent below average recruitment (no strong year classes after 2005). Preliminary results (Kovalev et al., WD10) indicate that the current harvest control rule is precautionary also for a stock-recruitment relationship based on the year classes 2006-2019.

A separate document describing evaluation of the existing harvest control rules and some alternative rules will be presented to the JNRFC meeting in October 2025.

Additional assessment methods

All models use the same tuning data.

TISVPA (Tables 3.22-3.24, Figure 3.6a-c)

This year the TISVPA model was applied to NEA cod with the same settings as last year and using the same data as SAM except that natural mortality values from cannibalism were taken from the SAM runs. During WG the results of exploratory runs using the TISVPA model (Tables 3.22-3.24) were discussed. The residuals of the model approximation of catch-at-age and “fleets” data are presented in Figure 3.6a. Likelihood profiles for different data source are presented in Figure 3.6b. Retrospective run results are shown in Figure 3.6c.

Model comparisons (Figures 3.2a, 3.6c, 3.7)

Figure 3.7 compares the results of SAM and TISVPA, showing F, SSB, TSB and recruitment. Trends are similar in all models, but TISVPA gives a slightly lower F in 2024 and higher biomass in 2025 than SAM. Also, TISVPA gives a different trend in F in recent years with a peak in 2022, while SAM gives an almost constant F in 2022-2024. Recruitment in 2024 is higher in TISVPA than in SAM. Both models show a reasonable retrospective pattern (Figures 3.2a, 3.6c).

New and revised data sources

This section describes some data sources which could be revised or included in the assessment in the future.

Consistency between NEA cod and coastal cod catch data (Table 3.2)

Consistency between the catch data used for NEA cod and coastal cod should be ensured. The revised catch figures used in the coastal cod assessment do not correspond to the difference between the total cod catch and the catch used in the NEA cod assessment (Table 3.2). These discrepancies will be adjusted when the NEA cod catch series are revised (section 3.2.2).

Discard and bycatch data

Work on updating discard and bycatch data series is ongoing. Revised bycatch estimates in numbers for the period 2005-2024 are shown in Fig. 1.14. At WKARCT in 2015 it was, however, decided not to include those data in the catch-at-age matrix.

The bycatch mainly consists of age 1 and 2 fish, but the bycatch is generally small compared to other reported sources of mortality: catches, discards and the number of cod eaten by cod. From 1992 onwards, bycatches of age 3 and older fish are negligible, because use of sorting grids was made mandatory. However, in 1985, bycatches of age 5 and 6 cod were about one third of the reported catches for those age groups. The year class for which the bycatches were highest, was the 1983 year class (total bycatch of age 2 and older fish of about 60 million, compared to a stock estimate of about 1300 million at age 3.

References

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Bogstad, B. and Mehl, S. 1997. Interactions Between Cod ( Gadus morhua ) and Its Prey Species in the Barents Sea. Forage Fishes in Marine Ecosystems. Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Role of Forage Fishes in Marine Ecosystems. Alaska Sea Grant College Program Report No. 97-01: 591-615. University of Alaska Fairbanks.

Brander, K. 2002. Predicting weight at age. Internal ICES note to assessment working groups. 2003. Software implementation of process models. Working Document No. 2 to the Arctic Fisheries Working Group, San Sebastian, Spain, 23 April- 2 May 2003.

Denechaud, C., et al. IMR – PINRO cod otolith exchange 2025 . WD7, JRN-AFWG 2025.

Fall, J., Wenneck, T. de Lange, Bogstad, B., Eidset, E., Fuglebakk, E., Godiksen, J. A., Høines, Å., Johannesen, E., Midtun, H. Aa., Moksness, I., Skage, M. L., Skaret, G., Staby, A., Tranang, C. Aa., Windsland, K., Russkikh, A. A., and Kharlin, S. 2024. Fish investigations in the Barents Sea winter 2024. IMR-PINRO Joint Report Series 8-2024, 156 pp.

Golovanov S.E., Sokolov A.M., and Yaragina, N.A. 2007. Revised indices of the Northeast Arctic cod abundance according to the 1982-2006 data from Russian trawl-acoustic survey (TAS). Working Document #3 for AFWG 2007.

Gundersen, S., Otterå, H. and Nedreaas, K. 2025. Effort and catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) for Norwegian trawlers fishing cod north of 67˚N in 2011-2024. WD2, JRN_AFWG 2025.

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ICES 2003a. Study Group on Biological Reference Points for Northeast Arctic Cod. Svanhovd, Norway 13-17 January 2003. ICES CM 2003/ACFM:11.

ICES 2003b. Report of the Arctic Fisheries Working Group, San Sebastian, Spain 23 April – 2 May 2003. ICES C.M. 2003/ACFM:22, 448 pp.

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ICES 2008. Report of the Arctic Fisheries Working Group, Copenhagen, 21-29 April 2008. ICES C.M. 2008/ACOM:01, 531 pp.

ICES. 2015a. Report of the Benchmark Workshop on Arctic Stocks (WKARCT), 26-30 January 2015, ICES Headquarters, Denmark. ICES CM 2015\ACOM:31. 126 pp.

ICES 2015b. Report of the first Workshop on Management Plan Evaluation on Northeast Arctic cod and haddock and Barents Sea capelin ( WKNEAMP-1) , , . ICES CM 2015/ACOM:60, 27 pp.

ICES 2016. Report of the second Workshop on Management Plan Evaluation on Northeast Arctic cod and haddock and Barents Sea capelin (WKNEAMP-2) , 25-28 January 2016, Kirkenes, Norway. ICES CM 2016/ACOM:47, 76 pp.

ICES 2017. Report of the Arctic Fisheries Working Group, Copenhagen, 19-25 April 2017. ICES C.M. 2017/ACOM:06,486 pp.

ICES. 2021a. Benchmark Workshop for Barents Sea and Faroese Stocks (WKBARFAR 2021). ICES Scientific Reports. 3:21. 205 pp. https://doi.org/10.17895/ices.pub.7920

ICES. 2021b. Arctic Fisheries Working Group (AFWG). ICES Scientific Reports 3:58. 817 pp. https://doi.org/10.17895/ices.pub.8196

ICES. 2025. Arctic Fisheries Working Group (AFWG). ICES Scientific Reports. 7:66.  https://doi.org/10.17895/ices.pub.29234186

Jakobsen, T., Korsbrekke, K., Mehl, S., and Nakken, O. 1997. Norwegian combined acoustic and bottom trawl surveys for demersal fish in the Barents Sea during winter. ICES CM 1997/Y:17.

Korsbrekke, K. 1997. Norwegian acoustic survey of Northeast Arctic cod on the spawning grounds off Lofoten. ICES C.M 1997/Y:18.

Korsbrekke, K. 2024. Acoustic survey targeting spawning NEA cod north of Vesterålsbankene 2023 (In Norwegian). https://www.hi.no/hi/nettrapporter/toktrapport-2024-1.

Kovalev, Yu. 2025. Russian trawl fleet CPUE on NEA cod fishery. WD1, JRN-AFWG 2025.

Kovalev, Y., Prozorkevich, D., and Chetyrkin, A. 2017. Estimation of Ecosystem survey 2016 index in situation of not full area coverage. Working Document No. 12 to the Arctic Fisheries Working Group, Copenhagen, 18-25 April 2017.

Kovalev, Y., and Chetyrkin, A. 2019. What does NEA cod want for prediction - Fsq or TAC constraint? Working Document No. 11 to the Arctic Fisheries Working Group. ICES. 2019. Arctic Fisheries Working Group (AFWG). ICES Scientific Reports. 1:30. 934 pp.

Kovalev, Y., and Chetyrkin, A. 2024. Analysis of the NEA Cod recruitment prediction quality. WD6, AFWG 2024.

Kovalev, Y., Yaragina, N. A., and Vasilyev, D. 2025. Evaluation of the NEA cod HCRs. WD10, JRN-AFWG 2025.

Mehl, S., and Yaragina, N. A. 1992. Methods and results in the joint PINRO-IMR stomach sampling program. In: Bogstad, B. and Tjelmeland, S. (eds.), Interrelations between fish populations in the Barents Sea. Proceedings of the fifth PINRO-IMR Symposium. Murmansk, 12–16 August 1991. Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway, 5–15.

Sokolov A., Russkikh A., Kharlin S., Kovalev Yu. A., and Yaragina N.A. 2018. Results of the Russian trawl-acoustic survey on cod and haddock in the Barents Sea and adjacent waters in October-December 2017. Working Document no. 11. ICES Arctic Fisheries Working Group, ICES CM 2018/ACOM:06.

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van der Meeren, G. and Prozorkevitch, D. (eds.) 2023. Survey report from the joint Norwegian/Russian Ecosystem Survey in the Barents Sea and the adjacent waters August-October 2024. IMR/PINRO-report series 10/2023.

van der Meeren, G. and Prozorkevitch, D. (eds.) 2025. Survey report from the joint Norwegian/Russian Ecosystem Survey in the Barents Sea and the adjacent waters August-October 2024. IMR/PINRO-report series 3/2025.

WD 15. 2019. Updated mean ratios between the combined and Norwegian data on weight at age and maturity at age in Northeast Arctic cod. Working document no 15, AFWG 2019.

Yaragina N.A. Nedreaas K.H., Koloskova V., Mjanger H., Senneset H., Zuykova N. and Ǻgotnes P. 2009. Fifteen years of annual Norwegian-Russian cod comparative age readings. Marine Biology Research 5(1): 54-65.

Yaragina N. A., Kovalev Yu. A., and Chetyrkin A. 2018. Extrapolating predation mortalities back in time: an example from North-east Arctic cod cannibalism, Marine Biology Research 14(2): 203-216. https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2017.1396342

Zuykova N.V., Koloskova V.P., Mjanger H., Nedreaas K.H., Senneset H., Yaragina N.A., Ågotnes P., and Aanes S. 2009. Age determination of Northeast Arctic cod otoliths through 50 years of history. Marine Biology Research 5(1): 66-74.

Zuykova N.V., et al. 2020. Report on the meeting between Norwegian and Russian age reading specialists at Polar Branch of FSBSI “VNIRO” Murmansk, 20-24 May 2019. Working document no 8 in: ICES. 2020c.Arctic Fisheries Working Group (AFWG). ICES Scientific Reports. 2:52. 577 pp. http://doi.org/10.17895/ices.pub.6050 .

Year Subarea 1 Division 2.a Division 2.b Unreported catches Total catch
1961 409 694 153 019 220 508   783 221
1962 548 621 139 848 220 797   909 266
1963 547 469 117 100 111 768   776 337
1964 206 883 104 698 126 114   437 695
1965 241 489 100 011 103 430   444 983
1966 292 253 134 805 56 653   483 711
1967 322 798 128 747 121 060   572 605
1968 642 452 162 472 269 254   1 074 084
1969 679 373 255 599 262 254   1 197 226
1970 603 855 243 835 85 556   933 246
1971 312 505 319 623 56 920   689 048
1972 197 015 335 257 32 982   565 254
1973 492 716 211 762 88 207   792 685
1974 723 489 124 214 254 730   1 102 433
1975 561 701 120 276 147 400   829 377
1976 526 685 237 245 103 533   867 463
1977 538 231 257 073 109 997   905 301
1978 418 265 263 157 17 293   698 715
1979 195 166 235 449 9 923   440 538
1980 168 671 199 313 12 450   380 434
1981 137 033 245 167 16 837   399 037
1982 96 576 236 125 31 029   363 730
1983 64 803 200 279 24 910   289 992
1984 54 317 197 573 25 761   277 651
1985 112 605 173 559 21 756   307 920
1986 157 631 202 688 69 794   430 113
1987 146 106 245 387 131 578   523 071
1988 166 649 209 930 58 360   434 939
1989 164 512 149 360 18 609   332 481
1990 62 272 99 465 25 263 25 000 212 000
1991 70 970 156 966 41 222 50 000 319 158
1992 124 219 172 532 86 483 130 000 513 234
1993 195 771 269 383 66 457 50 000 581 611
1994 353 425 306 417 86 244 25 000 771 086
1995 251 448 317 585 170 966   739 999
1996 278 364 297 237 156 627   732 228
1997 273 376 326 689 162 338   762 403
1998 250 815 257 398 84 411   592 624
1999 159 021 216 898 108 991   484 910
2000 137 197 204 167 73 506   414 870
2001 142 628 185 890 97 953   426 471
2002 184 789 189 013 71 242 90 000 535 045
2003 163 109 222 052 51 829 115 000 551 990
2004 177 888 219 261 92 296 117 000 606 445
2005 159 573 194 644 121 059 166 000 641 276
2006 159 851 204 603 104 743 67 100 537 642
2007 152 522 195 383 97 891 41 087 486 883
2008 144 905 203 244 101 022 15 000 464 171
2009 161 602 207 205 154 623   523 431
2010 183 988 271 337 154 657   609 983
2011 198 333 328 598 192 898   719 829
2012 247 938 331087 148 638   727 663
2013 360 673 421678 183 858   966 209
2014 320 347 468 934 197 168   986 449
2015 272405 375328 216651   864384
2016 321347 351468 176607   849422
2017 309902 360477 197898   868276
2018 249397 321548 207681   778627
2019 234985 318539 139084   692609
2020 234029 298707 160166   692903
2021 281198 268942 217144   767284
2022 236173 256394 226644   719211
2023 260853 202358 119341   582552
20241 188045 183109 81886   453040
Table 3. 1 . Northeast Arctic cod. Total catch (t) by fishing areas and unreported catch .

Data provided by Working Group members

1 Provisional figure

Year Advice   TAC CATCH
2018 -   - 441
2019 -   800 628
2020 -   800 522
2021 600   600 146
2022 347   347 276
2023 315   315 181
2024 0   0 6
2025 0   0  
Table 3.1.a. Advice, quota and official Norwegian catches (t) in the fishery zone around Jan Mayen (part of ICES area 2a).
Year Norwegian catches of cod removed from the nea cod-assessment.
v1960–70 38.6
1971–79 no data
1980 40
1981 49
1982 42
1983 38
1984 33
1985 28
1986 26
1987 31
1988 22
1989 17
1990 24
1991 25
1992 35
1993 44
1994 48
1995 39
1996 32
1997 36
1998 29
1999 23
2000 19
2001 14
2002 20
2003 19
2004 14
2005 13
2006 15
2007 13
2008 13
2009 15
2010 13.5
2011 18.8
2012 35.5
2013 30.1
2014 33.6
2015 35.8
2016 54.9
2017 51.0
2018 36.3
2019 40.1
2020 45.3
2021 42.0
2022 40.3
2023 48.1
2024 30.8
Table 3. 2 . Catches of Norwegian Coastal Cod in subareas 1 and 2, 1000 t, which are removed from the NEA cod assessment.
    subarea 1   division 2.a   division 2.b  
year   trawl others trawl others trawl others
1967   238 84.8 38.7 90 121.1 -
1968   588.1 54.4 44.2 118.3 269.2 -
1969   633.5 45.9 119.7 135.9 262.3 -
1970   524.5 79.4 90.5 153.3 85.6 -
1971   253.1 59.4 74.5 245.1 56.9 -
1972   158.1 38.9 49.9 285.4 33 -
1973   459 33.7 39.4 172.4 88.2 -
1974   677 46.5 41 83.2 254.7 -
1975   526.3 35.4 33.7 86.6 147.4 -
1976   466.5 60.2 112.3 124.9 103.5 -
1977   471.5 66.7 100.9 156.2 110 -
1978   360.4 57.9 117 146.2 17.3 -
1979   161.5 33.7 114.9 120.5 8.1 -
1980   133.3 35.4 83.7 115.6 12.5 -
1981   91.5 45.1 77.2 167.9 17.2 -
1982   44.8 51.8 65.1 171 21 -
1983   36.6 28.2 56.6 143.7 24.9 -
1984   24.5 29.8 46.9 150.7 25.6 -
1985   72.4 40.2 60.7 112.8 21.5 -
1986   109.5 48.1 116.3 86.4 69.8 -
1987   126.3 19.8 167.9 77.5 129.9 1.7
1988   149.1 17.6 122 88 58.2 0.2
1989   144.4 19.5 68.9 81.2 19.1 0.1
1990   51.4 10.9 47.4 52.1 24.5 0.8
1991   58.9 12.1 73 84 40 1.2
1992   103.7 20.5 79.7 92.8 85.6 0.9
1993   165.1 30.7 155.5 113.9 66.3 0.2
1994   312.1 41.3 165.8 140.6 84.3 1.9
1995   218.1 33.3 174.3 143.3 160.3 10.7
1996   248.9 32.7 137.1 159 147.7 6.8
1997   235.6 37.7 150.5 176.2 154.7 7.6
1998   219.8 31 127 130.4 82.7 1.7
1999   133.3 25.7 101.9 115 107.2 1.8
2000   111.7 25.5 105.4 98.8 72.2 1.3
2001   119.1 23.5 83.1 102.8 95.4 2.5
2002   147.4 37.4 83.4 105.6 69.9 1.3
2003   146 17.1 107.8 114.2 50.1 1.8
2004   154.4 23.5 100.3 118.9 88.8 3.5
2005   132.4 27.2 87 107.7 115.4 5.6
2006   141.8 18.1 91.2 113.4 100.1 4.6
2007   129.6 22.9 84.8 110.6 91.6 6.3
2008   123.8 21.1 94.8 108.4 95.3 5.7
2009   130.1 31.5 102 105.2 142.1 11.4
2010   151.1 32.9 130 141.4 149.2 5.4
2011   158.1 38.4 163.5 167 181 11.9
2012   212.1 35.9 172.7 158.4 133.8 14.9
2013   308.5 52.2 216.9 204.7 159.7 24.1
2014   268.8 51.5 246.8 222.1 177.9 19.3
2015   224.3 48.1 192.2 183.2 197.7 19.0
2016   285.5 35.8 181.7 169.8 156.3 20.3
2017   265.4 44.5 189.5 171.0 180.0 17.9
2018   204.7 44.7 156.7 164.9 192.0 15.6
2019   199.4 35.6 177.8 140.7 128.9 10.1
2020   199.4 34.6 157.2 141.5 153.5 6.7
2021   220.8 60.4 120.2 148.7 202.1 15.1
2022   192.9 43.3 108.9 147.4 212.9 13.7
2023   218.5 42.4 90.9 111.5 112.6 6.8
2024 1 166.2 21.8 88.2 94.9 75.1 6.8
Table 3. 3 . Northeast Arctic COD. Total nominal catch ('000 t) by trawl and other gear for each.

Data provided by Working Group members

1 Provisional figures

Year Faroe Islands France German Dem.Rep. Fed.Rep.Germany Greenland Iceland Norway Poland United Kingdom Russia** Spain Others Total
1961 3934 13755 3921 8129     268377 -   158113 325780   1212 783221
1962 3109 20482 1532 6503     225615 -   175020 476760   245 909266
1963 - 18318 129 4223     205056 108   129779 417964   - 775577
1964 - 8634 297 3202     149878 -   94549 180550   585 437695
1965 - 526 91 3670     197085 -   89962 152780   816 444930
1966 - 2967 228 4284     203792 -   103012 169300   121 483704
1967 - 664 45 3632     218910 -   87008 262340   6 572605
1968 - - 225 1073     255611 -   140387 676758   - 1074084
1969 29374 - 5907 5543     305241 7856   231066 612215   133 1197226
1970 26265 44245 12413 9451     377606 5153   181481 276632   - 933246
1971 5877 34772 4998 9726     407044 1512   80102 144802   215 689048
1972 1393 8915 1300 3405     394181 892   58382 96653   166 565287
1973 1916 17028 4684 16751     285184 843   78808 387196   276 792686
1974 5717 46028 4860 78507     287276 9898   90894 540801   38453 1102434
1975 11309 28734 9981 30037     277099 7435   101843 343580   19368 829377
1976 11511 20941 8946 24369     344502 6986   89061 343057   18090 867463
1977 9167 15414 3463 12763     388982 1084   86781 369876   17771 905301
1978 9092 9394 3029 5434     363088 566   35449 267138   5525 698715
1979 6320 3046 547 2513     294821 15   17991 105846   9439 440538
1980 9981 1705 233 1921     232242 3   10366 115194   8789 380434
1981 12825 3106 298 2228     277818     5262 83000 14500 - 399037
1982 11998 761 302 1717     287525     6601 40311 14515 - 363730
1983 11106 126 473 1243     234000     5840 22975 14229 - 289992
1984 10674 11 686 1010     230743     3663 22256 8608 - 277651
1985 13418 23 1019 4395     211065     3335 62489 7846 4330 307920
1986 18667 591 1543 10092     232096     7581 150541 5497 3505 430113
1987 15036 1 986 7035     268004     10957 202314 16223 2515 523071
1988 15329 2551 605 2803     223412     8107 169365 10905 1862 434939
1989 15625 3231 326 3291     158684     7056 134593 7802 1273 332481
1990 9584 592 169 1437     88737     3412 74609 7950 510 187000
1991 8981 975   2613     126226     3981 119427*** 3677 3278 269158
1992 11663 2   3911 3337   168460     6120 182315 6217 1209 383234
1993 17435 3572   5887 5389 9374 221051     11336 244860 8800 3907 531611
1994 22826 1962   8283 6882 36737 318395     15579 291925 14929 28568 746086
1995 22262 4912   7428 7462 34214 319987     16329 296158 15505 15742 739999
1996 17758 5352   8326 6529 23005 319158     16061 305317 15871 14851 732228
1997 20076 5353   6680 6426 4200 357825     18066 313344 17130 13303 762403
1998 14290 1197   3841 6388 1423 284647     14294 244115 14212 8217 592624
1999 13700 2137   3019 4093 1985 223390     11315 210379 8994 5898 484910
2000 13350 2621   3513 5787 7562 192860     9165 166202 8695 5115 414870
2001 12500 2681   4524 5727 5917 188431     8698 183572 9196 5225 426471
2002 15693 2934   4517 6419 5975 202559     8977 184072 8414 5484 445045
2003 19427 2921   4732 7026 5963 191977     8711 182160 7924 6149 436990
2004 19226 3621   6187 8196 7201 212117     14004 201525 11285 6082 489445
2005 16273 3491   5848 8135 5874 207825     10744 200077 9349 7660 475276
2006 16327 4376   3837 8164 5972 201987     10594 203782 9219 6271 470527
2007 14788 3190   4619 5951 7316 199809     9298 186229 9496 5101 445796
2008 15812 3149   4955 5617 7535 196598     8287 190225 9658 7336 449171
2009 16905 3908   8585 4977 7380 224298     8632 229291 12013 7442 523431
2010 15977 4499   8442 6584 11299 264701     9091 267547 12657 9185 609983
2011 13429 1173   4621 7155 12734 331535     8210 310326 13291 17354^ 719829
2012 17523 2841   8500 8520 9536 315739     11166 329943 12814 11081 727663
2013 13833 7858   8010 7885 14734 438734     12536 432314 15042 15263 966209
2014 33298 8149   6225 10864 18205 431846     14762 433479 16378 13243 986449
2015 26568 7480   6427 7055 16120 377983     11778 381778 19905 9880 864384
2016 24084 7946   6336 8607 16031 348949     13583 394107 14640 15139 849422
2017 28637 9554   5977 13638 11925 357419     16731 396180 14414 13802 868276
2018 26152 6605   9768 12743 10708 333539     11533 340364 13143 14071 778627
2019 22270 6371   8470 7553 12294 282120     11214 316813 13939 11565 692609
2020 21679 5796   9725 7391 9734 289472     12113 312683 11403 12908 692903
2021 21767 4459   6190 8246 8933 337931     5426 352064 11080 11188 767284^^
2022 21530 4988   7134 7688 6214 310145     7024 333697 12214 8577 719211^^
2023 17556 4632   5630 3994 5157 242117     5972 276923 8030 12539 582552^^
2024* 15938 4677   5632 4000 3756 171480     4832 222661 6417 13747 453040 ^^
Table 3. 4 . Northeast Arctic COD. Nominal catch(t) by countries. (Subarea 1 and divisions 2a and 2b combined, data provided by Working group members.

* Provisional figures

** USSR prior to 1991.

*** Includes Baltic countries.

^ Includes unspecified EU catches.

^^ In 2022-2025 assessment and advice was carried out by the Joint Russian-Norwegian working group on Arctic Fisheries (JRN-AFWG) which compiled catches for 2021-2024 and gave advice for 2023-2026.

Year Area covered Additional area implied in adjustment Adjustment method
1981-92 88.1    
1993 137.6    
1994 161.1    
1995 191.9    
1996 166.1    
1997 88.4 56.2 Index ratio by age
1998 100.4 51.1 Index ratio by age
1999 118.5    
2000 163.2    
2001 164.7    
2002 157.4    
2003 147.4    
2004 164.4    
2005 179.9    
2006 170.1 18.1 Partly covered strata raised to full strata area
2007 123.9 56.7 Index ratio by age
2008 165.2    
2009 171.8    
2010 160.5    
2011 174.3    
2012 151.3 16.7 Index ratio by age
2013 203.6    
2014 266.8    
2015 243.3    
2016 228.0    
2017 184.4 37.5 Index ratio by age
2018 236.3    
2019 241.2    
2020 203.2 25.1 Index ratio by age
2021 232.0 10.9 Index ratio by age
2022 232.7    
2023 253.3    
2024 253.4    
2025 232.1    
Table 3. 5 . Barents Sea winter survey. Area covered (‘000 square nautical miles) and areas implied in the method used to adjust for missing coverage in Russian EEZ. “Index ratio by age” means that the index by age (for the area outside Russian EEZ) was scaled by the observed ratio between total index and the index outside Russian EEZ observed in the years prior to the survey.

SAM Tue May 27 16:49:48 2025.

Year_age 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 +gp  
1946 4008 10387 18906 16596 13843 15370 59845 22618 10093 9573 5460 1927 750  
1947 710 13192 43890 52017 45501 13075 19718 47678 31392 9348 9330 4622 4103  
1948 140 3872 31054 55983 77375 21482 15237 9815 30041 7945 4491 3899 4205  
1949 991 6808 35214 100497 83283 29727 13207 5606 8617 13154 3657 1895 2167  
1950 1281 10954 29045 45233 62579 30037 19481 9172 6019 4133 6750 1662 1450  
1951 24687 77924 64013 46867 37535 33673 23510 10589 4221 1288 1002 3322 611  
1952 24099 120704 113203 73827 49389 20562 24367 15651 8327 3565 647 467 1044  
1953 47413 107659 112040 55500 22742 16863 10559 10553 5637 1752 468 173 156  
1954 11473 155171 146395 100751 40635 10713 11791 8557 6751 2370 896 268 123  
1955 3902 37652 201834 161336 84031 30451 13713 9481 4140 2406 867 355 128  
1956 10614 24172 129803 250472 86784 51091 14987 7465 3952 1655 1292 448 166  
1957 17321 33931 27182 70702 87033 39213 17747 6219 3232 1220 347 299 173  
1958 31219 133576 71051 40737 38380 35786 13338 10475 3289 1070 252 40 141  
1959 32308 77942 148285 53480 18498 17735 23118 9483 3748 997 254 161 98  
1960 37882 97865 64222 67425 23117 8429 7240 11675 4504 1843 354 102 226  
1961 45478 132655 123458 51167 38740 17376 5791 6778 5560 1682 910 280 108  
1962 42416 170566 167241 89460 28297 21996 7956 2728 2603 1647 392 280 103  
1963 13196 106984 205549 95498 35518 16221 11894 3884 1021 1025 498 129 157  
1964 5298 45912 97950 58575 19642 9162 6196 3553 783 172 387 264 131  
1965 15725 25999 78299 68511 25444 8438 3569 1467 1161 131 61 79 197  
1966 55937 55644 34676 42539 37169 18500 5077 1495 380 403 77 9 70  
1967 34467 160048 69235 22061 26295 25139 11323 2329 687 316 225 40 14  
1968 3709 174585 267961 107051 26701 16399 11597 3657 657 122 124 70 46  
1969 2307 24545 238511 181239 79363 26989 13463 5092 1913 414 121 23 46  
1970 7164 10792 25813 137829 96420 31920 8933 3249 1232 260 106 39 35  
1971 7754 13739 11831 9527 59290 52003 12093 2434 762 418 149 42 25  
1972 35536 45431 26832 12089 7918 34885 22315 4572 1215 353 315 121 40  
1973 294262 131493 61000 20569 7248 8328 19130 4499 677 195 81 59 55  
1974 91855 437377 203772 47006 12630 4370 2523 5607 2127 322 151 83 62  
1975 45282 59798 226646 118567 29522 9353 2617 1555 1928 575 231 15 37  
1976 85337 114341 79993 118236 47872 13962 4051 936 558 442 139 26 53  
1977 39594 168609 136335 52925 61821 23338 5659 1521 610 271 122 92 54  
1978 78822 45400 88495 56823 25407 31821 9408 1227 913 446 748 48 51  
1979 8600 77484 43677 31943 16815 8274 10974 1785 427 103 59 38 45  
1980 3911 17086 81986 40061 17664 7442 3508 3196 678 79 24 26 8  
1981 3407 9466 20803 63433 21788 9933 4267 1311 882 109 37 3 NA  
1982 8948 20933 19345 28084 42496 8395 2878 708 271 260 27 5 5  
1983 3108 19594 20473 17656 17004 18329 2545 646 229 74 58 20 5  
1984 6942 14240 18807 20086 15145 8287 5988 783 232 153 49 12 8  
1985 24634 45769 27806 19418 11369 3747 1557 768 137 36 31 32 8  
1986 28968 70993 78672 25215 11711 4063 976 726 557 136 28 34 14  
1987 13648 137106 98210 61407 13707 3866 910 455 187 227 21 59 20  
1988 9828 22774 135347 54379 21015 3304 1236 519 106 69 43 14 5  
1989 5085 17313 32165 81756 27854 5501 827 290 41 13 NA 11 16  
1990 1911 7551 12999 17827 30007 6810 828 179 59 15 6 5 2  
1991 4963 10933 16467 20342 19479 25193 3888 428 48 12 NA NA 2  
1992 21835 36015 27494 23392 18351 13541 18321 2529 264 82 3 9 NA  
1993 10094 46182 63578 33623 14866 9449 6571 12593 1749 377 63 22 NA  
1994 6531 59444 102548 59766 32504 10019 6163 3671 7528 995 121 19 4  
1995 4879 42587 115329 98485 32036 7334 3014 1725 1174 1920 222 41 NA  
1996 7655 28782 80711 100509 54590 10545 2023 930 462 230 809 84 NA  
1997 12827 36491 69633 83017 65768 28392 4651 1151 373 213 144 238 NA  
1998 31887 88874 48972 40493 34513 26354 6583 965 197 69 42 22 53  
1999 7501 77714 92816 31139 15778 15851 8828 1837 195 40 34 8 30  
2000 4701 33094 93044 47210 12671 6677 4787 1647 321 71 11 NA 14  
2001 5044 35019 62139 62456 22794 5266 1773 1163 343 85 6 7 22  
2002 2348 31033 76175 67656 42122 11527 1801 529 223 120 21 9 6  
2003 7263 20885 64447 71109 36706 14002 2887 492 142 97 21 43 NA  
2004 2090 38226 50826 68350 50838 18118 6239 1746 295 127 39 16 8  
2005 5815 19768 113144 61665 44777 20553 6285 2348 562 100 21 24 7  
2006 8548 47207 33625 78150 31770 15667 7245 1788 737 210 26 45 155  
2007 25473 43817 62877 26303 34392 11240 4080 1381 505 285 44 13 35  
2008 8459 51704 40656 35072 14037 20676 5503 1794 715 229 42 26 13  
2009 4866 38711 83998 46639 20789 8417 8920 1957 872 987 76 21 20  
2010 1778 16193 53855 75853 36797 17062 4784 4325 3034 913 189 49 35  
2011 1418 8033 32472 70938 73875 21116 11708 5058 3237 600 434 12 0  
2012 2695 10462 16646 40372 70014 48315 12326 5214 1926 1124 317 70 24  
2013 2903 13659 22752 21020 54231 74451 47124 9143 2963 694 449 89 145  
2014 5234 19226 38407 36633 29901 56109 47540 22738 3717 1169 313 210 157  
2015 4315 31383 41181 51209 33745 22530 23609 24553 16071 2510 468 134 254  
2016 2076 11291 50231 43609 35265 23417 14592 20105 15862 4781 871 249 308  
2017 6535 13128 28365 66504 46136 28507 15307 10073 12169 6465 1927 399 285  
2018 6120 28569 27128 33816 54328 28323 16208 9722 7132 3740 2295 840 271  
2019 4389 21405 48422 29849 26548 39759 17395 8883 4606 2109 715 564 322  
2020 3992 22446 37649 52454 31009 20904 23618 11768 6130 1572 591 310 278  
2021 2983 17935 54005 59732 59136 22397 14744 13589 4919 1737 678 228 344  
2022 5725 23486 53467 68112 47067 30569 11776 6046 3797 1489 575 164 107  
2023 11046 15493 30653 37250 38616 28163 16233 5885 1995 984 195 56 94  
2024 10389 21050 21148 26784 28564 23911 14331 5597 1133 263 105 33 12  
Table 3. 6 . Northeast Arctic cod. Catch numbers-at-age (Thous).
Norway                          
Year     Age                      
  2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15+
1983 0.41 0.82 1.32 2.05 2.82 3.94 5.53 7.70 9.17 11.46 16.59 16.42 16.96 24.46
1984 1.16 1.47 1.97 2.53 3.13 3.82 4.81 5.95 7.19 7.86 8.46 7.99 9.78 10.64
1985 0.34 0.99 1.43 2.14 3.27 4.68 6.05 7.73 9.86 11.87 14.16 14.17 13.52 15.33
1986 0.30 0.67 1.34 2.04 3.14 4.60 5.78 6.70 7.52 9.74 10.68 12.86 9.59 16.31
1987 0.24 0.48 0.88 1.66 2.72 4.35 6.21 8.78 9.78 12.50 13.75 15.12 10.43 19.95
1988 0.36 0.56 0.83 1.31 2.34 3.84 6.50 8.76 9.97 11.06 14.43 19.02 12.89 10.16
1989 0.53 0.75 0.90 1.17 1.95 3.20 4.88 7.82 9.40 11.52 11.47   19.47 14.68
1990 0.40 0.81 1.22 1.59 2.14 3.29 4.99 7.83 10.54 14.21 17.63 7.97 14.64  
1991 0.63 1.37 1.77 2.31 3.01 3.68 4.63 6.06 8.98 12.89 17.00   14.17 16.63
1992 0.41 1.10 1.79 2.45 3.22 4.33 5.27 6.21 8.10 10.51 11.59   15.81 6.52
1993 0.30 0.83 1.70 2.41 3.35 4.27 5.45 6.28 7.10 7.82 10.10 16.03 19.51 17.68
1994 0.30 0.82 1.37 2.23 3.35 4.27 5.56 6.86 7.45 7.98 9.53 12.16 11.45 19.79
1995 0.44 0.78 1.26 1.87 2.80 4.12 5.15 5.96 7.90 8.67 9.20 11.53 17.77 21.11
1996 0.29 0.90 1.15 1.67 2.58 4.08 6.04 6.62 7.96 9.36 10.55 11.41 9.51 24.24
1997 0.35 0.78 1.14 1.56 2.25 3.48 5.35 7.38 7.55 8.30 11.15 8.64 12.80  
1998 0.38 0.68 1.03 1.64 2.23 3.24 4.85 6.88 9.18 9.84 15.78 14.37 13.77 15.58
1999 0.46 0.88 1.16 1.65 2.40 3.12 4.26 6.00 6.52 10.64 14.05 12.67 9.20 17.22
2000 0.31 0.65 1.23 1.80 2.54 3.58 4.49 5.71 7.54 7.86 12.71 14.71 15.40 20.26
2001 0.30 0.77 1.18 1.83 2.75 3.64 4.88 5.93 7.43 8.90 10.22 11.11 13.03 18.85
2002 0.31 0.90 1.40 1.90 2.60 3.55 4.60 5.80 7.40 9.56 8.71 12.92 8.42 17.61
2003 0.55 0.88 1.39 2.01 2.63 3.59 4.83 5.57 7.262 9.36 9.52 9.52 10.68 21.66
2004 0.54 1.08 1.41 1.95 2.69 3.46 4.77 6.72 7.90 8.66 12.21 14.02 16.50 11.37
2005 0.58 0.92 1.38 1.86 2.61 3.54 4.57 6.41 8.24 9.89 11.04 14.08 11.81 20.08
2006 0.51 0.97 1.45 2.06 2.71 3.56 4.57 5.53 6.61 7.53 8.55 8.44 9.82 12.31
2007 0.53 1.07 1.70 2.37 3.26 4.36 5.45 6.71 8.08 8.56 9.75 11.72 12.72 15.58
2008 0.65 1.12 1.70 2.44 3.32 4.41 5.61 6.84 8.25 9.31 10.54 12.45 13.59 21.15
2009 0.56 0.98 1.47 2.10 2.83 3.90 5.06 5.76 7.31 7.79 7.81 10.68 11.83 14.76
2010 0.55 0.95 1.46 2.06 2.93 4.02 5.40 6.44 7.19 8.43 9.11 10.46 11.39 15.55
2011 0.53 1.09 1.50 2.06 2.85 3.70 5.01 6.26 7.33 8.34 9.87 13.23    
2012   0.83 1.32 1.92 2.65 3.52 4.71 6.34 8.11 9.92 11.31 13.45 15.75  
2013 0.43 0.95 1.40 2.00 2.64 3.44 4.51 5.67 7.29 8.80 10.33 11.38 12.56  
2014 0.59 1.07 1.55 2.15 2.80 3.70 4.57 5.78 6.97 8.35 9.46 10.99 12.28 15.49
2015 0.64 0.96 1.42 1.96 2.57 3.30 4.13 5.49 6.46 7.18 8.63 10.37 12.24 14.60
2016 0.59 0.96 1.46 1.99 2.71 3.57 4.56 5.78 6.82 8.08 9.33 10.01 11.68 14.79
2017 0.55 0.99 1.53 2.06 2.69 3.64 4.72 5.91 6.91 7.88 9.41 10.93 11.78 15.07
2018 0.62 1.05 1.51 2.11 2.80 3.48 4.54 5.80 6.97 7.64 9.11 10.29 11.35 14.05
2019 0.51 0.96 1.43 2.02 2.72 3.60 4.51 5.80 6.91 7.94 8.89 10.94 11.55 14.49
2020 0.58 0.94 1.42 2.01 2.66 3.50 4.59 5.77 7.03 8.46 9.78 10.97 12.74 16.08
2021 0.39 0.75 1.27 1.86 2.55 3.42 4.52 5.86 7.13 8.55 10.09 11.79 12.98 15.75
2022 0.32 0.71 1.15 1.73 2.42 3.36 4.47 5.79 7.18 8.65 10.09 11.45 12.93 16.43
2023 0.38 0.80 1.23 1.79 2.51 3.39 4.47 5.80 7.23 8.74 9.86 11.79 13.66 15.78
2024 0.38 0.74 1.21 1.84 2.58 3.50 4.59 5.90 7.34 8.95 10.77 12.17 13.51 20.81
Table 3. 7 . Northeast Arctic COD. Weights-at-age (kg) in landings from various countries.
Russia (trawl only)                          
Year       Age                      
    2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15+
1983   0.65 1.05 1.58 2.31 3.39 4.87 6.86 8.72 10.40 12.07 14.43      
1984   0.53 0.88 1.45 2.22 3.21 4.73 6.05 8.43 10.34 12.61 14.95      
1985   0.33 0.77 1.31 1.84 2.96 4.17 5.94 6.38 8.58 10.28        
1986   0.29 0.61 1.14 1.75 2.45 4.17 6.18 8.04 9.48 11.33 12.35 14.13    
1987   0.24 0.52 0.88 1.42 2.07 2.96 5.07 7.56 8.93 10.80 13.05 18.16    
1988   0.27 0.49 0.88 1.32 2.06 3.02 4.40 6.91 9.15 11.65 12.53 14.68    
1989   0.50 0.73 1.00 1.39 1.88 2.67 4.06 6.09 7.76 9.88        
1990   0.45 0.83 1.21 1.70 2.27 3.16 4.35 6.25 8.73 10.85 13.52      
1991   0.36 0.64 1.05 2.03 2.85 3.77 4.92 6.13 8.36 10.44 15.84 19.33    
1992   0.55 1.20 1.44 2.07 3.04 4.24 5.14 5.97 7.25 9.28 11.36      
1993   0.48 0.78 1.39 2.06 2.62 4.07 5.72 6.79 7.59 11.26 14.79 17.71    
1994   0.41 0.81 1.24 1.80 2.55 2.88 4.96 6.91 8.12 10.28 12.42 16.93    
1995   0.37 0.77 1.21 1.74 2.37 3.40 4.71 6.73 8.47 9.58 12.03 16.99    
1996   0.30 0.64 1.09 1.60 2.37 3.42 5.30 7.86 8.86 10.87 11.80      
1997   0.30 0.57 1.00 1.52 2.18 3.30 4.94 7.15 10.08 11.87 13.54      
1998   0.33 0.68 1.06 1.60 2.34 3.39 5.03 6.89 10.76 12.39 13.61 14.72    
1999   0.24 0.58 0.98 1.41 2.17 3.26 4.42 5.70 7.27 10.24 14.12      
2000   0.18 0.48 0.85 1.44 2.16 3.12 4.44 5.79 7.49 9.66 10.36      
2001   0.12 0.31 0.62 1.00 1.53 2.30 3.31 4.57 6.55 8.11 9.52 11.99    
2002   0.20 0.60 1.05 1.46 2.14 3.27 4.47 6.23 8.37 10.06 12.37      
2003   0.23 0.63 1.06 1.78 2.40 3.41 4.86 6.28 7.55 11.10 13.41 12.12 14.51  
2004   0.30 0.57 1.09 1.55 2.37 3.20 4.73 6.92 8.41 9.77 11.08      
2005   0.33 0.65 0.98 1.50 2.10 3.08 4.31 5.81 8.42 10.37 13.56 14.13    
2006   0.27 0.68 1.05 1.49 2.25 3.16 4.54 5.90 8.59 10.31 12.31      
2007   0.23 0.67 1.12 1.66 2.25 3.31 4.57 6.27 8.20 10.02 12.36 12.42    
2008   0.28 0.64 1.16 1.74 2.65 3.58 4.74 5.73 7.32 8.07 9.52 12.52    
2009   0.31 0.64 1.09 1.58 2.11 3.19 4.80 6.58 7.97 9.84 11.51      
2010   0.25 0.57 1.00 1.64 2.28 3.14 4.53 5.98 8.03 9.71 10.70 13.53    
2011   0.25 0.62 1.05 1.56 2.18 2.95 4.33 6.21 8.04 10.13 12.25 15.18    
2012   0.29 0.60 1.07 1.66 2.25 2.95 4.17 6.23 8.58 11.08 12.24 14.07 15.22 16.39
2013   0.33 0.63 1.05 1.54 2.26 3.09 4.08 5.47 7.37 9.59 12.57 15.54 17.05  
2014   0.32 0.61 1.05 1.61 2.26 3.15 4.00 5.24 7.13 9.46 11.18 14.47    
2015   0.30 0.60 0.97 1.49 2.11 3.13 4.64 5.78 7.13 9.53 12.12 16.71 17.37  
2016   0.26 0.55 0.97 1.53 2.20 3.19 4.50 6.12 7.97 9.55 10.95 14.35 14.74 17.25
2017   0.33 0.63 1.03 1.56 2.24 3.24 4.67 6.34 7.74 9.40 11.12 14.43 16.67 11.91
2018   0.33 0.68 1.06 1.62 2.40 3.22 4.66 6.23 7.79 8.91 10.26 11.26 13.41 10.14
2019   0.29 0.62 1.10 1.60 2.33 3.22 4.44 6.45 8.10 9.60 11.02 13.83 10.65 10.65
2020   0.27 0.47 0.93 1.44 2.05 2.95 4.28 5.73 7.59 8.45 10.66 12.26 12.18 12.23
2021   0.19 0.44 0.76 1.35 2.02 2.81 4.25 6.26 7.81 9.59 10.67 10.86 13.62 12.31
2022   0.39 0.62 0.91 1.42 2.21 3.22 4.45 6.15 8.16 9.91 10.83 11.96   10.33
2023   0.36 0.63 1.03 1.55 2.29 3.27 4.49 5.81 7.05 8.92 9.99 10.77    
2024   0.38 0.73 1.10 1.57 2.19 2.97 4.24 5.10 6.44 8.60 11.40 15.47    
                               
Table 3.7. Northeast Arctic COD. Weights-at-age (kg) in landings from various countries (continued)
Germany (Division IIa and IIb)                      
Year       Age                      
    2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15+
1994     0.68 1.04 2.24 3.49 4.51 5.79 6.93 8.16 8.46 8.74 9.48 15.25  
1995     0.44 0.84 1.5 2.72 3.81 4.46 4.81 7.37 7.69 8.25 9.47    
1996     0.84 1.15 1.64 2.53 3.58 4.13 3.9 4.68 6.98 6.43 11.32    
1997     0.43 0.92 1.42 2.01 3.15 4.04 5.16 4.82 3.96 7.04 8.8    
1998   0.23 0.73 1.17 1.89 2.72 3.25 4.13 5.63 6.5 8.57 8.42 11.45 8.79  
1999 1   0.853 1.448 1.998 2.65 3.473 4.156 5.447 6.82 5.902   8.01    
2000 2 0.26 0.73 1.36 2.04 2.87 3.67 4.88 5.78 7.05 8.45 8.67 9.33 6.88  
2001   0.38 0.80 1.21 1.90 2.74 3.90 4.99 5.69 7.15 7.32 11.72 9.11 6.60  
2002   0.35 1.00 1.31 1.80 2.53 3.64 4.38 5.07 6.82 9.21 7.59 13.18 19.17 19.20
2003   0.22 0.44 1.04 1.71 2.31 3.27 4.93 6.17 7.77 9.61 9.99 12.29 13.59  
2004 2 0.22 0.73 1.01 1.75 2.58 3.33 4.73 6.32 7.20 8.45 9.20 11.99 10.14 13.11
2005 3 0.57 0.77 1.13 1.66 2.33 3.36 4.38 5.92 6.65 7.26 10.01 11.14    
2006 2 0.71 0.91 1.39 1.88 2.56 3.77 5.33 6.68 9.14 10.89 11.51 16.83 18.77  
2007 3 0.59 1.35 1.79 2.51 3.53 4.00 4.95 6.55 7.54 9.71 11.40 11.57 23.34 15.61
2008 3 0.23 0.51 1.14 1.76 2.57 3.15 4.40 5.43 7.18 8.39 10.15 10.03 10.99 14.26
2009 3 0.35 0.60 1.19 1.83 2.96 4.08 5.61 6.97 8.55 9.13 10.54 13.34 10.30 17.06
2010 3 0.36 0.67 0.93 1.71 2.46 3.21 4.93 6.75 7.80 8.70 8.53 10.17 12.36 14.11
2011 1     1.75 3.09 3.30 3.28 4.13 4.99 6.61 7.91 9.38 10.79 14.67 14.91
2013 3     1.03 1.37 1.87 2.65 3.45 4.49 7.26 11.42 12.86 13.07    
2014 4   0.68 0.96 1.39 1.69 3.06 4.07 5.65 8.15 10.36 13.07 13.52    
2015 4 0.82 1.05 1.67 2.33 3.56 4.50 5.41 6.20 6.39          
2016 1   1.38 2.60 3.55 4.81 6.33 7.61 8.90 9.26 10.83 13.41 16.84 17.03 17.76
2017 1   1.58 2.79 3.93 3.93 4.77 6.35 8.16 9.09 10.39 11.24 12.48 14.39 13.04
2018 3 0.58 1.16 1.76 2.45 3.34 4.13 5.81 7.16 8.99 9.96 10.85 11.73 14.01 17.79
2019 1   0.82 1.37 1.80 2.26 3.49 4.45 5.44 7.08 9.25 9.39 13.30 12.24 15.25
2020 5     1.6 1.63 2.48 3.13 5.01 5.93 8.36 9.31 12.16 12.96 12.77 14.08
2021 2   0.68 1.3 1.52 2.25 3.22 4.58 6.49 7.43 10.37 11.73 14.64 14.34 15.74
2022 1   0.59 0.82 1.40 2.20 3.04 4.13 5.54 7.36 8.56 10.79 13.12 14.96 15.18
2023 2   0.74 0.94 1.25 1.89 2.97 4.36 5.7 5.55 8.4 10.06 9.86 22.68  
2024 1     2.05 2.43 2.46 2.66 3.24 3.89 3.87          
                           
Table 3.7. Northeast Arctic COD. Weights-at-age (kg) in landings from various countries (continued).

1 Division IIa only

2 IIa and IIb combined

3 I,IIa and IIb combined

4 Division IIb only

5 I and IIa combined

 

Spain (Division IIb)                          
Year       Age                      
    2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15+
1994   0.43 1.08 1.38 2.32 2.47 2.68 3.46 5.20 7.04 6.79 7.20 8.04 10.46 15.35
1995   0.42 0.51 0.98 1.99 3.41 4.95 5.52 8.62 9.21 11.42 9.78 8.08    
1996     0.66 1.12 1.57 2.43 3.17 3.59 4.44 5.48 6.79 8.10      
1997 1 0.51 0.65 1.22 1.68 2.60 3.39 4.27 6.67 7.88 11.34 13.33 10.03 8.69  
1998   0.47 0.74 1.15 1.82 2.44 3.32 3.71 5.00 7.26          
1999 1 0.21 0.69 1.06 1.69 2.50 3.32 4.72 5.76 6.77 7.24 7.63      
2000 1 0.23 0.61 1.24 1.75 2.47 3.12 4.65 6.06 7.66 10.94 11.40 7.20    
2001   0.23 0.64 1.25 1.95 2.86 3.55 4.95 6.46 8.50 11.07 13.09      
2002   0.16 0.55 1.00 1.48 2.17 3.29 4.47 5.35 8.29 12.23 9.01 12.16 15.2  
2003     0.58 1.05 1.70 2.33 3.33 4.92 6.24 9.98 13.07 14.74 14.17    
2004 1 0.31 0.56 0.80 1.28 1.96 2.59 3.72 5.36 5.28 7.41   11.43    
2005 1   0.63 1.14 1.85 2.48 3.43 4.25 5.38 8.41 11.19 15.04 16.93    
2006   0.30 0.61 0.99 1.46 2.04 2.55 3.39 3.50 4.70 6.36        
2007   0.42 0.60 1.20 1.76 2.40 3.18 3.96 5.19 6.61 9.48 7.65 12.65 15.74 19.66
2009 1 0.12 0.45 0.95 1.60 2.18 3.36 4.52 6.04 7.30 9.42 10.35 11.47 12.54  
2010 2 0.18 0.56 1.11 1.73 2.36 3.36 5.14 6.88 8.64 9.65 6.83      
2011 1   0.45 0.90 1.26 1.84 2.55 4.08 5.61 8.17 8.14 7.31 8.91    
2012 2   0.40 0.84 1.29 1.96 2.78 3.71 4.99 7.42   7.19 9.32    
2013   0.17 0.72 1.06 1.63 2.36 3.14 3.90 4.36 6.55          
2014   0.24 0.43 0.74 1.27 1.85 2.60 3.56 4.51 5.52 7.18 9.42 9.26 13.16 15.05
2015 2   0.40 0.80 1.19 1.79 2.45 3.38 4.41 5.85 6.64 7.48 6.77    
2016 3 0.11 0.38 0.76 1.20 1.72 2.50 3.39 4.96 7.11 8.56        
2017 2 0.12 0.42 0.75 1.17 1.69 2.50 3.39 4.47 5.69 5.93 6.00 10.91 13.57 10.52
2018 2 0.19 0.45 0.83 1.30 1.86 2.57 3.55 4.92 5.51 7.84 7.08 7.28    
2019 2 0.19 0.39 0.90 1.30 1.85 2.65 3.48 4.83 5.96 5.67 7.04 8.36    
2021 2   0.36 0.60 1.20 1.83 2.49 3.11 4.55 6.10 6.50 7.03   9.013 17.13
2022 2   0.49 0.80 1.25 1.83 2.77 4.06 5.52 7.71 8.87 12.18      
2023 2   0.54 1.15 1.56 2.28 3.27 4.24 5.56 6.62 8.62 7.00 12.98 16.92  
2024 2 0.15 0.44 0.71 1.41 1.98 2.69 3.74 5.24 5.93 8.41 10.28 9.99 12.26 20.16
1 IIa and IIb combined                      
2 I,IIa and IIb combined                      
3 I and IIb combined                        
Iceland (Sub-area I)                        
1994   0.42 0.85 1.44 2.77 3.54 4.08 5.84 6.37 7.02 7.48 7.37      
1995     1.17 0.91 1.60 2.28 3.61 4.73 6.27     6.26      
1996     0.36 0.99 1.55 2.83 3.79 4.81 5.34 7.25 7.68 9.08 8.98 10.52  
1997   0.42 0.43 0.76 1.60 2.40 3.45 4.40 5.74 6.15   8.28 10.52 9.89  
UK (England & Wales)                        
1995 1     1.47 2.11 3.47 5.57 6.43 7.17 8.12 8.05 10.2 10.1    
1996 2     1.55 1.81 2.42 3.61 6.3 6.47 7.83 7.91 8.93 9.38 10.9  
1997 2     1.93 2.17 3.07 4.17 4.89 6.46   12.3 8.44      
  1 Division IIa and IIb                      
  2 Division IIa                        
Poland (Division IIb)                        
2006   0.18 0.51 0.89 1.55 2.23 3.6 5.28 6.95 8.478 11 10.8 15.6 18.9  
2008     0.49 0.90 1.45 2.24 2.79 3.82 4.68 5.015 6.45 7.02 7.22 5.99 6.91
2009       1.02 1.72 2.65 3.81 5.23 6.91 8.862 11.1 13.6 16.5    
2010       1.39 1.66 2.29 2.98 3.92 5.18 6.313 6.66 8.72 9.05    
2011       0.99 1.50 2.17 3.15 4.43 7.45 7.28          
2016 1   0.84 1.59 2.29 2.81 3.91 4.78 5.61 6.709 7.89 8.54 11.6 13.7 16.09
2017 2   0.71 1.23 1.52 2.47 3.52 4.78 6.97 9.193 9.95 10.9 14.1    
2018 3   0.74 1.15 1.66 2.45 3.55 4.48 6.06 6.31 7.59 7.91 8.28 8.52 9.40
2019 1       1.57 2.00 2.69 4.04 5.61 7.23 9.13 11.62 12.41 13.46 11.47
  1 Division IIa                        
  2 Division IIa and IIb                      
  3 I and IIb combined                      
Table 3.7. Northeast Arctic COD. Weights at age (kg) in landings from various countries (continued).

SAM Tue May 27 16:49:48 2025.

Year_age 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 +gp
1946 0.350 0.590 1.110 1.690 2.370 3.170 3.980 5.050 5.920 7.200 8.150 8.130 9.250
1947 0.320 0.560 0.950 1.500 2.140 2.920 3.650 4.560 5.840 7.420 8.850 8.790 10.000
1948 0.340 0.530 1.260 1.930 2.460 3.360 4.220 5.310 5.920 7.090 8.430 8.180 9.430
1949 0.370 0.670 1.110 1.660 2.500 3.230 4.070 5.270 5.990 7.080 8.220 8.260 8.700
1950 0.390 0.640 1.290 1.700 2.360 3.480 4.520 5.620 6.400 7.960 8.890 9.070 10.270
1951 0.400 0.830 1.390 1.880 2.540 3.460 4.880 5.200 7.140 8.220 9.390 9.500 9.520
1952 0.440 0.800 1.330 1.920 2.640 3.710 5.060 6.050 7.420 8.430 10.190 10.130 10.560
1953 0.400 0.760 1.280 1.930 2.810 3.720 5.060 6.340 7.400 8.670 10.240 11.410 11.930
1954 0.440 0.770 1.260 1.970 3.030 4.330 5.400 6.750 7.790 10.670 9.680 9.560 11.110
1955 0.320 0.570 1.130 1.730 2.750 3.940 4.900 7.040 7.200 8.780 10.080 11.020 12.110
1956 0.330 0.580 1.070 1.830 2.890 4.250 5.550 7.280 8.000 8.350 9.940 10.250 11.560
1957 0.330 0.590 1.020 1.820 2.890 4.280 5.490 7.510 8.240 9.250 10.610 10.820 12.070
1958 0.340 0.520 0.950 1.920 2.940 4.210 5.610 7.350 8.670 9.580 11.630 11.000 13.830
1959 0.350 0.720 1.470 2.680 3.590 4.320 5.450 6.440 7.170 8.630 11.620 11.950 13.000
1960 0.340 0.510 1.090 2.130 3.380 4.870 6.120 8.490 7.790 8.300 11.420 11.720 13.420
1961 0.310 0.550 1.050 2.200 3.230 5.110 6.150 8.150 8.680 9.600 11.950 13.180 13.420
1962 0.320 0.550 0.930 1.700 3.030 5.030 6.550 7.700 9.270 10.560 12.720 13.480 14.440
1963 0.320 0.610 0.960 1.730 3.040 4.960 6.440 7.910 9.620 11.310 12.740 13.190 14.290
1964 0.330 0.550 0.950 1.860 3.250 4.970 6.410 8.070 9.340 10.160 12.890 13.250 14.000
1965 0.380 0.680 1.030 1.490 2.410 3.520 5.730 7.540 8.470 11.170 13.720 13.460 14.120
1966 0.440 0.740 1.180 1.780 2.460 3.820 5.360 7.270 8.630 10.660 14.150 14.000 15.000
1967 0.290 0.810 1.350 2.040 2.810 3.480 4.890 7.110 9.030 10.590 13.830 14.150 16.760
1968 0.330 0.700 1.480 2.120 3.140 4.210 5.270 6.650 9.010 9.660 14.850 16.300 17.000
1969 0.440 0.790 1.230 2.030 2.900 3.810 5.020 6.430 8.330 10.710 14.210 15.000 17.000
1970 0.370 0.910 1.340 2.000 3.000 4.150 5.590 7.600 8.970 10.990 14.070 14.610 16.000
1971 0.450 0.880 1.380 2.160 3.070 4.220 5.810 7.130 8.620 10.830 12.950 14.250 15.970
1972 0.380 0.770 1.430 2.120 3.230 4.380 5.830 7.620 9.520 12.090 13.670 13.850 16.000
1973 0.380 0.910 1.540 2.260 3.290 4.610 6.570 8.370 10.540 11.620 13.900 14.000 15.840
1974 0.320 0.660 1.170 2.220 3.210 4.390 5.520 7.860 9.820 11.410 13.240 13.700 14.290
1975 0.410 0.640 1.110 1.900 2.950 4.370 5.740 8.770 9.920 11.810 13.110 14.000 14.290
1976 0.350 0.730 1.190 2.010 2.760 4.220 5.880 9.300 10.280 11.860 13.540 14.310 14.280
1977 0.490 0.900 1.430 2.050 3.300 4.560 6.460 8.630 9.930 10.900 13.670 14.260 14.910
1978 0.490 0.810 1.450 2.150 3.040 4.460 6.540 7.980 10.150 10.850 13.180 14.000 15.000
1979 0.350 0.700 1.240 2.140 3.150 4.290 6.580 8.610 9.220 10.890 14.340 14.500 15.310
1980 0.270 0.560 1.020 1.720 3.020 4.200 5.840 7.260 8.840 9.280 14.450 15.000 15.500
1981 0.490 0.980 1.440 2.090 2.980 4.850 6.570 9.160 10.820 10.770 13.930 15.000 16.000
1982 0.370 0.660 1.350 1.990 2.930 4.240 6.460 8.510 12.240 10.780 14.040 15.000 16.000
1983 0.840 1.370 2.090 2.860 3.990 5.580 7.770 9.290 11.550 11.420 12.800 14.180 15.550
1984 1.420 1.930 2.490 3.140 3.910 4.910 6.020 7.400 8.130 11.420 12.800 14.180 15.550
1985 0.940 1.370 2.020 3.220 4.630 6.040 7.660 9.810 11.800 11.420 12.800 14.180 15.550
1986 0.640 1.270 1.880 2.790 4.490 5.840 6.830 7.690 9.810 11.420 12.800 14.180 15.550
1987 0.490 0.880 1.550 2.330 3.440 5.920 8.600 9.600 12.170 11.420 12.800 14.180 15.550
1988 0.540 0.850 1.320 2.240 3.520 5.350 8.060 9.510 11.360 11.420 12.800 14.180 15.550
1989 0.740 0.960 1.310 1.920 2.930 4.640 7.520 9.120 11.080 11.420 12.800 14.180 15.550
1990 0.810 1.220 1.640 2.220 3.240 4.680 7.300 9.840 13.250 11.420 12.800 14.180 15.550
1991 1.050 1.450 2.150 2.890 3.750 4.710 6.080 8.820 11.800 11.420 12.800 14.180 15.550
1992 1.160 1.570 2.210 3.100 4.270 5.190 6.140 7.770 10.120 11.420 12.800 14.180 15.550
1993 0.810 1.520 2.160 2.790 4.070 5.530 6.470 7.190 7.980 11.457 12.800 14.180 15.550
1994 0.820 1.300 2.060 2.890 3.210 5.200 6.800 7.570 8.010 9.955 13.012 14.180 15.550
1995 0.770 1.200 1.780 2.590 3.810 4.990 6.230 8.050 8.740 9.774 11.388 14.546 15.550
1996 0.790 1.110 1.610 2.460 3.820 5.720 6.740 8.040 9.280 10.451 11.190 12.819 16.045
1997 0.670 1.040 1.530 2.220 3.420 5.200 7.190 7.730 8.610 11.145 11.926 12.608 14.234
1998 0.680 1.050 1.620 2.300 3.300 4.860 6.870 9.300 10.300 10.754 12.676 13.394 14.011
1999 0.630 1.010 1.540 2.340 3.210 4.290 6.000 6.730 10.080 11.151 12.255 14.191 14.839
2000 0.570 1.040 1.610 2.340 3.340 4.480 5.720 7.520 8.020 11.930 12.682 13.743 15.675
2001 0.660 1.050 1.620 2.510 3.510 4.780 6.040 7.540 9.000 10.230 13.519 14.197 15.206
2002 0.720 1.130 1.560 2.310 3.520 4.780 6.200 7.660 9.140 10.379 11.687 15.081 15.681
2003 0.670 1.120 1.830 2.500 3.580 5.040 6.360 8.200 10.710 10.167 11.848 13.138 16.602
2004 0.720 1.130 1.610 2.430 3.270 4.720 6.710 7.980 9.190 10.840 11.619 13.310 14.571
2005 0.690 1.080 1.570 2.210 3.260 4.440 6.230 8.190 9.720 10.626 12.347 13.066 14.752
2006 0.720 1.160 1.600 2.390 3.320 4.540 5.470 6.780 7.700 10.800 12.116 13.842 14.494
2007 0.740 1.210 1.830 2.510 3.820 5.040 6.580 8.080 8.940 10.349 12.304 13.596 15.309
2008 0.770 1.270 1.870 2.820 3.790 5.120 6.220 7.750 8.400 10.139 11.816 13.795 15.052
2009 0.750 1.170 1.740 2.420 3.860 5.350 6.430 8.010 8.670 10.055 11.588 13.276 15.261
2010 0.780 1.200 1.740 2.440 3.400 5.040 6.250 7.320 8.530 10.378 11.496 13.033 14.715
2011 0.780 1.310 1.720 2.370 3.200 4.620 6.180 7.470 8.570 10.387 11.847 12.935 14.459
2012 0.670 1.140 1.730 2.340 3.120 4.400 6.280 8.240 10.350 10.367 11.857 13.309 14.356
2013 0.710 1.170 1.670 2.360 3.190 4.220 5.580 7.310 9.080 11.029 11.835 13.320 14.750
2014 0.790 1.200 1.730 2.340 3.280 4.210 5.490 6.980 8.670 10.823 12.551 13.297 14.761
2015 0.780 1.090 1.550 2.180 3.140 4.460 5.610 6.620 7.340 10.215 12.328 14.058 14.737
2016 0.780 1.140 1.660 2.260 3.250 4.500 5.980 7.310 8.540 9.372 11.670 13.822 15.536
2017 0.710 1.150 1.660 2.320 3.320 4.670 6.130 7.150 8.140 9.597 10.752 13.121 15.288
2018 0.860 1.170 1.710 2.500 3.310 4.610 6.030 7.320 8.060 9.707 10.998 12.137 14.552
2019 0.680 1.150 1.660 2.390 3.330 4.450 6.110 7.290 8.410 9.806 11.117 12.401 13.513
2020 0.709 1.084 1.604 2.195 3.092 4.390 5.731 7.218 8.406 9.989 11.226 12.529 13.793
2021 0.527 0.896 1.487 2.159 2.982 4.364 6.048 7.348 8.796 9.991 11.424 12.645 13.928
2022 0.623 0.956 1.478 2.245 3.247 4.441 5.877 7.328 8.738 10.122 11.427 12.858 14.051
2023 0.638 1.056 1.617 2.346 3.310 4.470 5.794 7.141 8.777 9.988 11.519 12.792 14.184
2024 0.727 1.109 1.612 2.279 3.135 4.387 5.469 7.019 8.828 10.093 11.408 12.942 14.187
Table 3. 8 . Northeast Arctic COD. Catch weights at age (kg).

* values starting from 1993, ages 12-15, have been updated by the VB model using the most recent actual data for ages 3-11.

SAM Tue May 27 16:49:48 2025

Year_age 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 +gp
1946 0.35 0.59 1.11 1.69 2.37 3.17 3.98 5.05 5.92 7.2 8.146 8.133 9.253
1947 0.32 0.56 0.95 1.5 2.14 2.92 3.65 4.56 5.84 7.42 8.848 8.789 9.998
1948 0.34 0.53 1.26 1.93 2.46 3.36 4.22 5.31 5.92 7.09 8.43 8.181 9.433
1949 0.37 0.67 1.11 1.66 2.5 3.23 4.07 5.27 5.99 7.08 8.218 8.259 8.701
1950 0.39 0.64 1.29 1.7 2.36 3.48 4.52 5.62 6.4 7.96 8.891 9.07 10.271
1951 0.4 0.83 1.39 1.88 2.54 3.46 4.88 5.2 7.14 8.22 9.389 9.502 9.517
1952 0.44 0.8 1.33 1.92 2.64 3.71 5.06 6.05 7.42 8.43 10.185 10.134 10.563
1953 0.4 0.76 1.28 1.93 2.81 3.72 5.06 6.34 7.4 8.67 10.238 11.409 11.926
1954 0.44 0.77 1.26 1.97 3.03 4.33 5.4 6.75 7.79 10.67 9.68 9.557 11.106
1955 0.32 0.57 1.13 1.73 2.75 3.94 4.9 7.04 7.2 8.78 10.077 11.023 12.105
1956 0.33 0.58 1.07 1.83 2.89 4.25 5.55 7.28 8 8.35 9.944 10.248 11.564
1957 0.33 0.59 1.02 1.82 2.89 4.28 5.49 7.51 8.24 9.25 10.605 10.825 12.075
1958 0.34 0.52 0.95 1.92 2.94 4.21 5.61 7.35 8.67 9.58 11.631 11 13.832
1959 0.35 0.72 1.47 2.68 3.59 4.32 5.45 6.44 7.17 8.63 11.621 11.95 13
1960 0.34 0.51 1.09 2.13 3.38 4.87 6.12 8.49 7.79 8.3 11.422 11.719 13.424
1961 0.31 0.55 1.05 2.2 3.23 5.11 6.15 8.15 8.68 9.6 11.952 13.181 13.422
1962 0.32 0.55 0.93 1.7 3.03 5.03 6.55 7.7 9.27 10.56 12.717 13.482 14.44
1963 0.32 0.61 0.96 1.73 3.04 4.96 6.44 7.91 9.62 11.31 12.737 13.193 14.287
1964 0.33 0.55 0.95 1.86 3.25 4.97 6.41 8.07 9.34 10.16 12.886 13.251 14
1965 0.38 0.68 1.03 1.49 2.41 3.52 5.73 7.54 8.47 11.17 13.722 13.465 14.118
1966 0.44 0.74 1.18 1.78 2.46 3.82 5.36 7.27 8.63 10.66 14.148 14 15
1967 0.29 0.81 1.35 2.04 2.81 3.48 4.89 7.11 9.03 10.59 13.829 14.146 16.756
1968 0.33 0.7 1.48 2.12 3.14 4.21 5.27 6.65 9.01 9.66 14.848 16.3 17
1969 0.44 0.79 1.23 2.03 2.9 3.81 5.02 6.43 8.33 10.71 14.211 15 17
1970 0.37 0.91 1.34 2 3 4.15 5.59 7.6 8.97 10.99 14.074 14.611 16
1971 0.45 0.88 1.38 2.16 3.07 4.22 5.81 7.13 8.62 10.83 12.945 14.25 15.973
1972 0.38 0.77 1.43 2.12 3.23 4.38 5.83 7.62 9.52 12.09 13.673 13.852 16
1973 0.38 0.91 1.54 2.26 3.29 4.61 6.57 8.37 10.54 11.62 13.904 14 15.841
1974 0.32 0.66 1.17 2.22 3.21 4.39 5.52 7.86 9.82 11.41 13.242 13.704 14.291
1975 0.41 0.64 1.11 1.9 2.95 4.37 5.74 8.77 9.92 11.81 13.107 14 14.293
1976 0.35 0.73 1.19 2.01 2.76 4.22 5.88 9.3 10.28 11.86 13.544 14.311 14.284
1977 0.49 0.9 1.43 2.05 3.3 4.56 6.46 8.63 9.93 10.9 13.668 14.255 14.906
1978 0.49 0.81 1.45 2.15 3.04 4.46 6.54 7.98 10.15 10.85 13.177 14 15
1979 0.35 0.7 1.24 2.14 3.15 4.29 6.58 8.61 9.22 10.89 14.344 14.5 15.315
1980 0.27 0.56 1.02 1.72 3.02 4.2 5.84 7.26 8.84 9.28 14.448 15 15.5
1981 0.49 0.98 1.44 2.09 2.98 4.85 6.57 9.16 10.82 10.77 13.932 15 16
1982 0.37 0.66 1.35 1.99 2.93 4.24 6.46 8.51 12.24 10.78 14.041 15 16
1983 0.37 0.92 1.6 2.44 3.82 4.76 6.17 7.7 9.25 12.621 14.544 16.466 18.388
1984 0.42 1.16 1.81 2.79 3.78 4.57 6.17 7.7 9.25 12.621 14.544 16.466 18.388
1985 0.413 0.875 1.603 2.81 4.059 5.833 7.685 10.117 14.29 12.621 14.544 16.466 18.388
1986 0.311 0.88 1.47 2.467 3.915 5.81 6.58 6.833 11.004 12.621 14.544 16.466 18.388
1987 0.211 0.498 1.254 2.047 3.431 5.137 6.523 9.3 13.15 12.621 14.544 16.466 18.388
1988 0.212 0.404 0.79 1.903 2.977 4.392 7.812 12.112 13.107 12.621 14.544 16.466 18.388
1989 0.299 0.52 0.868 1.477 2.686 4.628 7.048 9.98 9.25 12.621 14.544 16.466 18.388
1990 0.398 0.705 1.182 1.719 2.458 3.565 4.71 7.801 8.956 12.621 14.544 16.466 18.388
1991 0.518 1.136 1.743 2.428 3.214 4.538 6.88 10.719 9.445 12.621 14.544 16.466 18.388
1992 0.44 0.931 1.812 2.716 3.895 5.176 6.774 9.598 12.427 12.621 14.544 16.466 18.388
1993 0.344 1.172 1.82 2.823 4.031 5.497 6.765 8.571 10.847 12.621 14.544 16.466 18.388
1994 0.237 0.757 1.419 2.458 3.845 5.374 6.648 7.653 8.136 12.916 16.114 16.466 18.388
1995 0.197 0.487 1.141 2.118 3.504 4.915 6.949 9.051 9.775 11.409 15.248 18.62 18.388
1996 0.206 0.482 0.98 2.041 3.52 5.507 7.74 9.922 10.63 12.093 13.533 17.659 21.171
1997 0.211 0.537 1.11 1.876 3.381 5.258 8.546 10.653 10.776 13.232 14.313 15.745 20.122
1998 0.242 0.561 1.179 1.936 2.944 4.583 7.092 10.7 12.042 13.771 15.607 16.617 18.021
1999 0.209 0.514 1.183 2.007 3.037 4.479 6.512 10.028 11.117 14.698 16.215 18.057 18.981
2000 0.194 0.465 1.218 1.963 3.064 4.12 5.746 7.157 9.961 14.589 17.26 18.733 20.557
2001 0.284 0.513 1.21 2.25 3.299 5.066 6.373 9.29 11.456 13.317 17.138 19.887 21.294
2002 0.23 0.603 1.184 2.138 3.336 4.81 6.912 8.809 10.475 12.534 15.703 19.752 22.549
2003 0.233 0.551 1.317 2.022 3.239 4.984 6.727 8.422 14.226 12.524 14.815 18.164 22.403
2004 0.24 0.55 1.074 2.038 2.911 4.402 6.263 8.535 10.197 12.371 14.803 17.176 20.674
2005 0.225 0.61 1.083 1.87 3.002 3.971 5.789 8.127 12.759 12.611 14.63 17.163 19.594
2006 0.252 0.591 1.219 2.014 3.028 4.434 5.999 7.774 9.954 13.679 14.902 16.971 19.58
2007 0.249 0.663 1.329 2.127 3.183 4.59 6.477 8.88 12.124 12.261 16.111 17.274 19.368
2008 0.286 0.726 1.418 2.41 3.331 4.914 6.747 8.851 10.393 12.776 14.504 18.617 19.701
2009 0.274 0.652 1.353 2.312 3.803 5.103 6.75 9.252 10.119 12.323 15.09 16.83 21.168
2010 0.258 0.608 1.208 2.01 3.088 4.903 6.498 7.992 9.689 12.467 14.574 17.483 19.214
2011 0.225 0.6 1.097 1.926 2.861 4.403 6.531 8.648 9.885 12.508 14.738 16.909 19.929
2012 0.227 0.555 1.182 1.834 2.831 4.124 6.056 8.584 11.498 12.249 14.785 17.092 19.3
2013 0.247 0.577 1.134 1.998 2.841 4.015 5.523 8.077 10.304 13.207 14.491 17.144 19.501
2014 0.216 0.577 1.137 1.791 2.781 3.85 5.245 6.992 9.378 12.746 15.578 16.816 19.558
2015 0.229 0.54 1.134 1.934 2.753 4.081 5.315 7.135 8.947 11.778 15.056 18.025 19.198
2016 0.21 0.536 1.001 1.812 2.72 3.958 5.64 7.064 8.569 10.885 13.954 17.445 20.522
2017 0.255 0.675 1.107 1.896 2.826 4.158 5.7 7.628 9.071 10.634 12.934 16.216 19.888
2018 0.286 0.62 1.188 1.949 2.768 4.059 5.749 7.38 9.097 10.8 12.646 15.073 18.54
2019 0.24 0.603 1.085 1.82 3.025 4.296 5.891 7.293 9.667 11.186 12.837 14.749 17.28
2020 0.148 0.503 1.055 1.692 2.59 4.064 5.617 7.673 9.313 11.306 13.278 14.964 16.922
2021 0.17 0.437 0.954 1.718 2.669 3.804 5.822 7.396 9.334 11.187 13.415 15.459 17.159
2022 0.293 0.48 0.929 1.616 2.741 3.933 5.744 8.012 9.648 11.361 13.279 15.613 17.706
2023 0.272 0.645 1.022 1.71 2.876 4.352 5.925 7.879 9.79 11.36 13.478 15.46 17.876
2024 0.246 0.706 1.075 1.803 2.667 3.995 5.95 7.011 9.436 11.714 13.477 15.683 17.707
2025 0.196 0.586 1.154 1.895 2.794 3.842 5.418 7.034 7.511 11.349 13.881 15.683 17.953
Table 3. 9 . Northeast Arctic COD. Stock weights at age (kg) .

values starting from 1993, ages 12-15, have been updated by the VB model using the most recent actual data for ages 3-11

Norway              
               
  Percentage mature
  Age
Year 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
                 
1982 0 5 10 34 65 82 92 100
1983 5 8 10 30 73 88 97 100
                 
Russia                
  Percentage mature
  Age
Year 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
                 
1984 0 5 18 31 56 90 99 100
1985 0 1 10 33 59 85 92 100
1986 0 2 9 19 56 76 89 100
1987 0 1 9 23 27 61 81 80
1988 0 1 3 25 53 79 100 100
1989 0 0 2 15 39 59 83 100
1990 0 2 6 20 47 62 81 95
1991 0 3 1 23 66 82 96 100
1992 0 1 8 31 73 92 95 100
1993 0 3 7 21 56 89 95 99
1994 0 1 8 30 55 84 95 98
1995 0 0 4 23 61 75 94 97
1996 0 0 1 22 56 82 95 100
1997 0 0 1 10 48 73 90 100
1998 0 0 2 15 47 87 97 96
1999 0 0.2 1.3 9.9 38.4 74.9 94 100
2000 0 0 6 19.2 51.4 84 95.5 100
2001 0.1 0.1 3.9 27.9 62.3 89.4 96.3 100
2002 0.1 1.9 10.9 34.4 68.1 82.8 97.6 100
2003 0.2 0 11 29.2 65.9 89.6 95.1 100
2004 0 0.7 8 33.8 63.3 83.4 96.4 96.4
2005 0 0.6 4.6 24.2 61.5 84.9 95.3 98.1
2006 0 0 6.1 29.6 59.6 89.5 96.4 100
2007 0 0.4 5.7 20.8 60.4 83.5 96 100
2008 0 0.5 4 24.6 48.3 84.4 94.7 98.7
2009 0 0 6 28 66 85 97 100
2010 0 0.2 1.5 22.8 47 77.4 90.2 95.5
2011 0 0 2.2 20.7 50.4 73.7 90.6 95.6
2012 0.2 0 1.5 10.8 43.9 76.1 90.8 96.4
2013 0 0 0.6 10.6 41.8 70.6 89.8 96.9
2014 0 0 1.9 14.1 45.9 76 92 97.5
2015 0 0.2 0.2 7.9 27 60.8 83.4 93.7
2016 0 0 0.2 5.2 22.4 44.1 74.8 92.5
2017* 0 0 0.8 6.3 20.8 51.6 80.4 98.6
2018 0 0.5 2.5 23.6 53.9 79.4 92.5 96.0
2019** 0 0 4.5 11.9 56.4 91.8 95.1 100
2020** 0 0.4 1.7 15.8 43.8 71.2 74.9 84.9
2021** 0 0 2.7 16.1 44.1 72.2 87.1 88.1
2022** 0 0 0.8 11.6 59.7 72.6 80.4 96.2
2023** 0 0 0.3 12.3 50.9 84.3 92.6 97.5
2024** 0 0 1.4 10.2 32.5 74.8 97.4 100
2025** 0 0 1.6 8.7 26.6 57.6 80.3 91.2
*Not used in inputs (instead ratios presented in WD 10, 2017 used for further calculations) **Not used in inputs (instead ratios presented in WD 15, 2019 used for further calculations)
Table 3. 10 . Northeast Arctic COD. Basis for maturity ogives (percent) used in the assessment. Norwegian and Russian data.
Norway                
  Percentage mature
  Age
Year 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1985 0.31 1.36 8.94 38.33 51.27 85.13 100 79.2
1986 2.92 7 7.85 18.85 49.72 66.52 35.59 80.09
1987 0 0.07 4.49 12.42 16.28 31.23 19.32  
1988 0 2.35 6.16 40.54 53.63 45.36 100 100
1989 1.52 0.67 3.88 30.65 70.36 82.02 100 100
1990 1.52 0.67 4.18 22 57.45 80.95 100 100
1991 0.1 3.4 13.93 38.03 75.52 90.12 95.39 100
1992 0.22 1.85 21.04 52.83 86.95 96.52 99.83 100
1993 0 2.6 10.37 52.6 84.8 97.25 99.3 99.73
1994 0.51 0.33 15.78 36.92 62.84 88.44 97.56 100
1995 0 0.62 8.19 51.48 63.75 81.11 98.01 99.34
1996 0.03 0 2.82 29.56 70.22 82.06 100 100
1997 0 0 1.48 17.91 73.31 93.01 99.12 100
1998 0.12 0.68 3.17 15.42 47.31 75.73 94.3 100
1999 0.42 0.16 1.6 27.46 70.48 94.57 98.99 100
2000 0 0.11 8.15 30.23 77.3 81.95 100 100
2001 0.49 0.51 9.03 43.81 62.52 74.36 94.13 100
2002 0.27 0.73 5.94 43.22 68.4 85.31 92.52 100
2003 0.02 0.18 6.5 35.97 68.56 87.97 96.3 100
2004 0.24 1.36 10.23 54.56 81.84 90.94 98.76 98.91
2005 0 0.27 9 55.16 81.77 93.51 98.03 100
2006 0 0.22 5.92 44.25 69.85 89.89 96.65 100
2007 0.12 0.33 8.7 47.88 84.29 91.68 99.11 100
2008 0 0.27 9.27 34.13 61.39 88.04 91.17 100
2009 0 0 9 46 85 86 98 99
2010 0 0.36 7.5 41.75 67.7 90.1 95.29 98.55
2011 0 0.2 5.2 48 77.7 89.7 97.3 97.2
2012 0 0 7.7 32.2 67.5 81 90.9 96.3
2013 0 0.3 1 20.2 55.3 80 91.8 99.3
2014 0 0.4 2 13.3 56.7 85 93.8 98.7
2015 0 0 1.9 10.9 29.2 79.1 93.1 99.6
2016 0.07 0.2 1.0 6.4 28.5 71.3 86.1 98.6
2017 0 0.2 0.5 18 54.8 81.4 95.9 100
2018 0 0.1 3.0 16.2 38.3 61.0 93.7 98.9
2019 0 0.4 4.0 24.0 68.6 93.2 96.7 99.8
2020 0 0.44 3.18 13.68 42.51 80.06 91.18 94.03
2021 0.28 0.25 0.79 17.11 43.21 68.80 90.75 98.63
2022 1.55 0 1.19 9.54 44.22 70.17 77.19 98.50
2023 0.80 2.10 2.29 8.89 49.84 80.60 94.93 94.05
2024 0.00 0.30 1.08 10.98 37.92 73.88 96.51 99.23
2025 0 0.55 2.10 8.73 34.70 60.27 84.23 95.63
                 

SAM Wed May 29 15:23:46 2024

Year_age 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 +gp
1946 0 0 0.01 0.03 0.06 0.11 0.18 0.44 0.65 0.86 0.96 0.96 1
1947 0 0 0.01 0.03 0.06 0.13 0.16 0.42 0.75 0.91 0.95 1 1
1948 0 0 0.01 0.03 0.07 0.13 0.25 0.47 0.73 0.91 0.97 1 1
1949 0 0 0.01 0.03 0.09 0.17 0.29 0.54 0.79 0.88 0.97 1 1
1950 0 0 0.01 0.03 0.09 0.23 0.35 0.52 0.79 0.95 0.97 1 1
1951 0 0 0.01 0.03 0.1 0.24 0.4 0.58 0.72 0.85 0.96 1 1
1952 0 0 0.01 0.03 0.08 0.22 0.41 0.63 0.82 0.92 0.97 1 1
1953 0 0 0.01 0.03 0.07 0.19 0.4 0.64 0.84 0.94 0.97 1 1
1954 0 0 0.01 0.03 0.08 0.16 0.37 0.68 0.87 0.93 0.96 1 1
1955 0 0 0.01 0.03 0.07 0.13 0.26 0.53 0.83 0.92 0.97 1 1
1956 0 0 0.01 0.03 0.06 0.12 0.14 0.41 0.67 0.91 0.96 1 1
1957 0 0 0.01 0.03 0.06 0.09 0.12 0.22 0.6 0.82 0.97 1 1
1958 0 0 0.01 0.03 0.06 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.82 0.97 1 1
1959 0 0 0.01 0.04 0.12 0.34 0.49 0.67 0.84 0.87 1 1 1
1960 0 0.01 0.03 0.06 0.1 0.19 0.45 0.69 0.77 0.85 0.99 1 1
1961 0 0 0.01 0.06 0.12 0.31 0.65 0.91 0.98 0.98 1 0.96 1
1962 0 0 0.01 0.05 0.15 0.34 0.61 0.81 0.92 0.97 1 0.932 1
1963 0 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.07 0.28 0.42 0.81 0.98 0.98 1 0.966 1
1964 0 0 0 0.03 0.13 0.37 0.66 0.89 0.95 0.99 1 1 1
1965 0 0 0 0.01 0.06 0.2 0.55 0.73 0.99 0.98 1 1 1
1966 0 0 0.01 0.02 0.06 0.22 0.35 0.74 0.94 0.94 1 1 1
1967 0 0 0 0.03 0.07 0.14 0.38 0.64 0.89 0.9 1 1 1
1968 0 0 0.03 0.05 0.09 0.19 0.39 0.58 0.82 1 1 1 1
1969 0 0 0 0.02 0.04 0.12 0.34 0.55 0.74 0.95 1 1 1
1970 0 0.01 0 0.01 0.07 0.23 0.58 0.81 0.89 0.91 1 1 1
1971 0 0 0.01 0.05 0.11 0.3 0.59 0.79 0.86 0.88 1 1 1
1972 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.1 0.34 0.64 0.81 0.94 1 1 1 1
1973 0 0 0 0.02 0.16 0.53 0.81 0.92 0.95 0.98 1 1 1
1974 0 0 0 0.01 0.03 0.21 0.5 0.96 1 0.96 1 1 1
1975 0 0 0.01 0.02 0.09 0.21 0.56 0.78 0.79 0.95 1 1 1
1976 0 0 0 0.05 0.12 0.29 0.45 0.84 0.83 1 0.9 1 1
1977 0 0 0.02 0.08 0.26 0.54 0.76 0.87 0.93 0.94 0.9 1 1
1978 0 0 0 0.02 0.13 0.44 0.71 0.77 0.81 0.89 0.8 1 1
1979 0 0 0 0.03 0.13 0.39 0.77 0.89 0.83 0.78 0.9 1 1
1980 0 0 0 0.02 0.13 0.35 0.65 0.82 1 0.9 0.9 1 1
1981 0 0 0.02 0.07 0.2 0.54 0.8 0.97 1 1 1 1 1
1982 0 0.05 0.1 0.34 0.65 0.82 0.92 1 1 1 1 1 1
1983 0.01 0.08 0.1 0.3 0.73 0.88 0.97 1 1 1 1 1 1
1984 0 0.05 0.18 0.31 0.56 0.9 0.99 1 1 1 1 1 1
1985 0 0.01 0.09 0.36 0.55 0.85 0.96 0.9 1 1 1 1 1
1986 0 0.05 0.08 0.19 0.53 0.71 0.62 0.9 1 1 1 1 1
1987 0 0.01 0.07 0.18 0.22 0.46 0.5 0.75 1 1 1 1 1
1988 0 0.02 0.05 0.33 0.53 0.62 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1989 0.008 0.003 0.029 0.228 0.547 0.705 0.915 1 1 1 1 1 1
1990 0.008 0.013 0.051 0.21 0.522 0.715 0.905 0.975 1 1 1 1 1
1991 0.001 0.032 0.075 0.305 0.708 0.861 0.957 1 1 1 1 1 1
1992 0.001 0.014 0.145 0.419 0.8 0.943 0.974 1 1 1 1 1 1
1993 0 0.028 0.087 0.368 0.704 0.931 0.972 0.994 1 1 1 1 1
1994 0 0.005 0.119 0.336 0.583 0.876 0.965 0.99 1 1 1 1 1
1995 0 0.005 0.06 0.373 0.614 0.748 0.955 0.98 1 1 1 1 1
1996 0 0 0.016 0.252 0.619 0.817 0.975 1 1 1 1 1 1
1997 0 0 0.014 0.14 0.597 0.842 0.95 0.967 1 1 1 1 1
1998 0 0.005 0.031 0.168 0.468 0.828 0.956 0.98 1 1 1 1 1
1999 0 0.001 0.014 0.17 0.506 0.841 0.961 1 1 1 1 1 1
2000 0 0 0.066 0.261 0.699 0.872 0.978 1 1 1 1 1 1
2001 0.001 0.006 0.069 0.378 0.646 0.851 0.955 1 1 1 1 1 1
2002 0.001 0.015 0.085 0.412 0.695 0.846 0.97 1 1 1 1 1 1
2003 0.001 0 0.089 0.331 0.662 0.882 0.96 1 1 1 1 1 1
2004 0 0.009 0.092 0.438 0.728 0.883 0.973 0.974 1 1 1 1 1
2005 0 0.003 0.066 0.366 0.72 0.897 0.971 0.991 1 1 1 1 1
2006 0 0.015 0.061 0.367 0.633 0.907 0.961 1 1 1 1 1 1
2007 0 0.007 0.076 0.37 0.719 0.884 0.977 1 1 1 1 1 1
2008 0.005 0.008 0.082 0.309 0.539 0.869 0.928 0.994 1 1 1 1 1
2009 0 0 0.081 0.362 0.745 0.859 0.978 0.997 0.994 1 1 1 1
2010 0.005 0.006 0.06 0.335 0.552 0.838 0.931 0.971 0.983 1 1 1 1
2011 0 0 0.04 0.339 0.644 0.798 0.932 0.963 0.991 1 1 1 1
2012 0.001 0 0.058 0.209 0.544 0.799 0.93 0.967 0.99 1 1 1 1
2013 0 0 0.01 0.156 0.482 0.763 0.913 0.982 0.985 1 1 1 1
2014 0 0 0.025 0.137 0.516 0.806 0.935 0.984 0.996 1 1 1 1
2015 0 0.001 0.004 0.074 0.282 0.681 0.891 0.963 0.984 1 1 1 1
2016 0 0 0.002 0.057 0.256 0.569 0.832 0.955 0.984 1 1 1 1
2017 0 0.018 0.003 0.148 0.463 0.749 0.931 0.99 1 1 1 1 1
2018 0 0.003 0.028 0.207 0.478 0.731 0.916 0.971 1 1 1 1 1
2019 0 0 0.01 0.126 0.466 0.842 0.942 0.968 0.996 1 1 1 1
2020 0 0 0.014 0.112 0.356 0.775 0.904 0.955 1 1 1 1 1
2021 0.002 0.002 0.006 0.14 0.386 0.657 0.893 0.974 0.959 1 1 1 1
2022 0.014 0 0.01 0.079 0.402 0.674 0.756 0.975 1 1 1 1 1
2023 0.007 0.02 0.019 0.074 0.454 0.774 0.93 0.931 1 1 1 1 1
2024 0 0.003 0.009 0.091 0.345 0.709 0.946 0.982 1 1 1 1 1
2025 0 0.005 0.017 0.072 0.316 0.579 0.825 0.947 1 1 1 1 1
Table 3. 11 . Northeast Arctic cod. Proportion mature-at-age.
Year/Age 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
1984 0.000 444.645 22.443 0.216 0.000 0.000 0.000
1985 1629.210 353.507 71.713 0.198 0.000 0.000 0.000
1986 69.414 1116.753 342.936 87.470 0.000 0.000 0.000
1987 648.257 194.043 325.367 14.368 0.000 0.000 0.000
1988 32.159 484.833 26.462 1.790 0.000 0.000 0.000
1989 953.775 142.792 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
1990 0.000 110.335 23.571 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
1991 118.114 138.946 182.634 1.622 0.000 0.000 0.000
1992 3146.950 894.563 143.691 4.186 0.000 0.000 0.000
1993 3864.986 18259.227 479.691 46.381 1.304 0.419 0.000
1994 7960.935 7018.114 648.243 129.483 49.524 7.849 0.408
1995 8168.720 14857.403 758.574 210.988 66.925 3.723 0.222
1996 10172.142 21684.662 1472.711 136.498 52.787 18.482 1.068
1997 3066.930 17597.352 1897.168 165.956 15.751 1.216 0.219
1998 92.085 5687.772 577.123 204.440 23.490 1.457 0.465
1999 633.747 2101.439 303.073 50.786 4.184 0.004 0.000
2000 1911.839 2546.412 187.545 38.214 13.930 3.827 0.042
2001 94.329 2392.570 114.362 23.729 11.540 1.778 0.904
2002 7554.084 455.682 403.547 41.159 5.269 0.796 0.017
2003 5388.152 4094.448 107.320 24.014 0.000 0.000 0.000
2004 6467.802 2398.286 565.143 20.275 10.294 1.281 0.218
2005 2469.290 3029.168 132.574 79.144 4.455 5.433 0.507
2006 3305.898 2112.928 149.520 6.199 2.001 0.074 0.000
2007 2297.064 1145.805 186.937 72.874 3.311 0.121 0.000
2008 14395.315 703.213 84.239 95.204 31.285 4.114 0.000
2009 9611.083 7297.934 142.432 64.990 20.077 4.983 0.211
2010 4155.801 7124.027 299.027 52.911 27.069 15.944 2.112
2011 12478.492 4387.126 447.353 170.626 39.282 10.182 4.895
2012 20993.689 11862.632 1008.419 99.934 29.813 4.207 0.000
2013 26032.737 4728.075 1525.644 168.519 16.077 7.080 1.066
2014 35702.765 6013.764 712.499 187.060 50.726 4.909 0.060
2015 1512.075 10411.771 299.834 65.468 36.839 15.515 1.528
2016 11771.420 2492.324 494.026 11.310 17.189 25.033 5.908
2017 20934.993 1538.748 376.044 112.676 7.678 4.040 2.765
2018 7129.053 13213.861 269.334 34.540 2.151 0.257 0.000
2019 811.081 8246.983 814.040 51.641 5.440 0.017 0.000
2020 3094.784 2471.154 329.817 143.152 41.086 10.047 0.520
2021 22914.810 1533.503 228.205 69.330 21.359 11.358 1.339
2022 9546.380 4392.396 277.132 11.931 1.191 0.055 0.000
2023 3094.475 1757.988 187.826 41.931 0.649 0.015 0.000
2024 3010.924 2755.337 277.878 120.746 19.058 0.187 0.000
Table 3. 12 . The Northeast Arctic cod stock's consumption of cod in million individuals.
104                                        
FLT15_I: NorBarTrSur_I                                 
1981    2025                                    
1    1    0.085    0.189                            
3    12                                    
1    1640    2330    4000    3840    480    100    30    NA    NA    NA
1    2830    2770    2360    1550    1600    140    20    NA    NA    NA
1    2495    5234    4333    1696    582    321    97    NA    NA    NA
1    9749    2828    2144    1174    407    40    8    NA    NA    NA
1    16679    12598    1992    767    334    21    7    NA    NA    NA
1    80500    14393    6414    830    191    34    4    NA    NA    NA
1    24038    39115    5435    1570    200    45    3    NA    NA    NA
1    14803    8049    17331    2048    358    53    3    NA    NA    NA
1    4636    7586    3779    9019    982    94    10    NA    NA    NA
1    2835    3487    3459    2056    2723    161    38    NA    NA    NA
1    4585    3367    2565    2149    1215    1267    61    NA    NA    NA
1    15826    5771    1782    1283    767    429    272    NA    NA    NA
1    27389    14013    7248    1583    624    389    223    NA    NA    NA
1    29392    30704    15333    4572    795    261    148    55    55    13
1    28284    24236    25101    7642    1798    242    107    50    61    19
1    16308    11743    13859    10888    2443    264    37    17    12    16
1    31799    6844    7426    5999    2667    485    64    91    8    NA
1    35510    16694    3167    2615    1752    816    79    52    4    4
1    18848    18075    6139    1271    681    514    101    26    2    6
1    24581    13003    11173    2675    456    184    121    33    10    5
1    18279    19511    8290    3796    945    117    44    19    4    1
1    11836    13756    10895    4579    1440    220    32    18    5    2
1    37670    12631    9393    6688    1750    467    102    17    4    4
1    6388    18462    5346    4324    3059    685    165    28    7    2
1    24888    5506    10297    2238    1636    381    92    30    4    10
1    11649    11538    2832    4342    1372    524    136    24    18    18
1    36113    12773    6851    1365    2360    682    230    41    11    10
1    19437    30059    11190    4024    1734    811    179    36    3    3
1    12628    19670    22023    6069    1790    902    524    51    17    7
1    3681    11425    15480    14450    3956    1124    367    160    58    12
1    8540    5037    12970    13866    10351    1637    436    120    82    39
1    7572    6459    3371    9069    13258    4861    902    226    88    111
1    6884    11409    6318    4043    6454    7638    3352    222    287    84
1    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA
1    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA
1    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA
1    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA
1    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA
1    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA
1    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA
1    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA
1    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA
1    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA
1    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA
FLT15_II:    NorBarTrSur_II                                
2014    2025                                    
1    1    0.085    0.189                            
3    12                                    
1    22685    9379    8859    5639    3274    5305    3619    981    101    120
1    14407    22825    14729    11353    7443    2922    5351    1808    338    98
1    9937    13548    18831    11347    7233    2856    1317    1606    677    180
1    17925    6215    8454    9016    3782    2633    818    326    261    451
1    13941    18478    6181    6417    7388    2588    928    587    129    419
1    28157    17915    22190    7965    3296    3831    815    262    54    70
1    23773    16024    13156    11488    4983    2426    2044    453    166    243
1    11150    11935    11231    5428    3798    1357    727    353    125    103
1    5198    8868    8660    6651    4460    3042    570    229    208    255
1    4121    3982    4652    4317    3224    1426    749    158    34    35
1    19871    6331    3621    2996    2822    1615    890    268    37    20
1    15443    16818    5763    2976    2350    1897    953    355    85    49
FLT16: NorBarLofAcSur    
1985        2025                                
1    1    0.085    0.26                            
3    12                                    
1    1530    1416    204    151    157    33    13    10    5    NA
1    4996    1343    684    116    77    31    3    NA    4    NA
1    628    2049    502    174    14    30    7    NA    NA    NA
1    504    355    578    109    40    3    0    1    NA    NA
1    170    344    214    670    166    32    5    2    NA    NA
1    148    206    262    269    668    73    6    3    NA    NA
1    502    346    293    339    367    500    37    2    2    NA
1    1765    658    215    184    284    254    824    43    17    NA
1    3572    1911    1131    354    255    252    277    442    49    NA
1    3239    3745    2293    961    234    118    103    42    187    29
1    1377    1395    2036    1016    281    47    45    29    26    81
1    994    896    1128    974    462    59    11    4    9    15
1    1586    442    503    459    510    215    23    7    1    8
1    3912    1898    449    415    349    271    51    10    2    1
1    1476    1303    523    139    118    187    99    10    2    1
1    2948    1673    1492    546    146    69    50    13    6    2
1    1774    1606    851    621    191    27    8    6    3    1
1    614    1062    1011    713    366    94    12    8    6    0
1    3067    1168    1271    1461    677    235    38    4    1    2
1    334    852    349    456    480    217    88    24    2    7
1    1250    333    693    341    438    180    75    18    1    3
1    648    538    186    420    176    159    87    23    3    10
1    585    304    308    129    466    151    80    33    9    4
1    1999    2887    1166    789    248    352    55    28    17    7
1    1078    1825    1415    560    415    128    266    36    17    4
1    228    880    1614    1750    618    314    108    125    40    29
1    404    283    674    1595    2727    645    233    68    75    9
1    828    494    344    895    2266    1335    257    104    38    28
1    606    845    724    541    1336    2338    1617    215    111    88
1    2869    1242    1115    777    553    1490    1739    980    146    105
1    1387    2356    1300    1442    964    498    969    686    325    127
1    563    769    1199    664    594    409    356    565    344    286
1    1115    424    444    742    486    484    268    167    146    230
1    1090    1499    540    584    775    456    193    141    61    137
1    2036    1254    1446    639    493    739    273    218    65    111
1    1173    1173    819    943    506    509    495    195    84    80
1    649    591    558    402    369    163    114    143    82    34
1    294    530    570    504    476    345    116    68    53    39
1    287    265    336    346    278    183    135    32    17    15
1    1507 510 299    286    304    265    185    59    11    2
1    1304 1533 549 275 241 213    109    39    15    6            
FLT18: RusSweptArea                                 
1982    2025                                    
1    1    0.9    1                            
3    12                                    
1    1413    1525    721    198    551    174    37    19    15.1    1.5
1    520    642    506    358    179    252    94    NA    NA    NA
1    1189    700    489    357    154    69    61    17    14.6    7.4
1    1188    1592    1068    365    165    37    8    16    1.5    20.9
1    1622    1532    1493    481    189    42    2    6    NA    NA
1    557    3076    900    701    184    60    25    4    0.7    3.3
1    993    938    2879    583    260    47    24    NA    NA    NA
1    490    978    1062    1454    1167    299    112    47    18.5    11.7
1    167    487    627    972    1538    673    153    49    9.1    1.7
1    1077    484    532    583    685    747    98    14    2.6    NA
1    675    308    239    273    218    175    25    25    4.0    0.1
1    1604    1135    681    416    354    87    3    7    0.6    0.7
1    1363    1309    1019    354    128    49    21    11    5.7    2.2
1    589    1065    1395    849    251    83    19    18    9.5    5.8
1    733    784    1035    773    348    132    19    5    12.0    1.6
1    1342    835    613    602    348    116    32    30    NA    NA
1    2028    1363    788    470    259    130    48    5    NA    0.9
1    1587    2072    980    301    123    94    42    4    NA    NA
1    1839    1286    1786    773    114    52    23    9    3.9    0.4
1    1224    1557    1290    1061    304    50    14    5    25.4    13.1
1    980    1473    1473    896    600    182    29    8    0.8    0.5
1    1246    1057    1166    1203    535    241    40    9    3.1    1.1
1    329    1576    880    1111    776    279    93    23    3.6    2.5
1    1408    631    1832    744    605    244    88    28    6.4    1.1
1    927    1613    777    1801    662    342    161    43    17.5    7.4
1    2579    1617    1903    846    1525    553    226    86    49.0    18.5
1    2203    3088    1635    1472    830    863    291    115    33.0    19.0
1    974    2317    3687    2016    1175    620    413    205    65.0    41.0
1    334    1070    2505    3715    1817    789    395    299    155.9    75.2
1    882    508    1432    3065    3300    917    439    176    175.5    105.4
1    815    1114    839    2122    3358    1878    432    195    45.7    76.3
1    747    1174    1177    884    2349    3132    1367    306    92.4    98.5
1    1399    1368    1725    1483    1111    1929    1297    383    93.4    55.1
1    657    1583    1742    1932    1610    925    1158    761    241.6    113.6
1    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA
1    1456    884    1063    1952    1231    567    266    120    119.8    103.8
1    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA
1    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA
1    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA
1    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA
1    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA
1    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA
1    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA
FLT007: Ecosystem_2018corr                                
2004    2024                                    
1    1    0.65     0.75                            
3    12                                    
1    1477    4215    1502    798    402    101    22    5    1.3    2
1    2166    558    1009    280    156    57    12    5    1.2    0.5
1    1861    2056    599    698    176    81    26    6    2.5    0.4
1    5862    1592    791    246    269    60    22    9    1.5    2.4
1    6526    4834    1323    511    128    175    33    9    2.3    3.9
1    2023    2806    2896    1017    319    127    73    26    8.1    5.1
1    568    1770    3972    4249    1427    385    105    68    15.9    6.2
1    1236    1015    2402    3004    1784    323    77    18    13.4    8.7
1    2291    1464    700    1508    1652    845    127    44    15.5    20.8
1    2491    1836    1257    632    1182    1302    538    91    33.2    24.6
1    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA
1    1744    2252    1413    726    486    262    353    266    78.7    27
1    772    937    1216    701    444    272    138    132    54.2    30.2
1    3750    1415    1049    1209    626    280    112    64    44.5    71.7
1    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA
1    4166    2323    2151    766    422    444    161    49    21.9    29.5
1    1395    1356    934    829    308    142    107    31    10.3    14.8
1    847    998    811    457    336    124    47    50    23.8    16.8
1    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA    NA
1    699    401    571    527    450    233    93    22    8.0    8.9
1    2344 682 468    410    290    145    77    25    6.3    3.5

Table 3. 13 . Northeast Arctic COD. Tuning data.

 

Where a matrix is specified rows corresponds to fleets and columns to ages.
# Same number indicates same parameter used
# Numbers (integers) starts from zero and must be consecutive
#
$minAge
# The minimium age class in the assessment
 3 

$maxAge
# The maximum age class in the assessment
 15 

$maxAgePlusGroup
# Is last age group considered a plus group (1 yes, or 0 no).
 1 1 1 1 1 1 

$keyLogFsta
# Coupling of the fishing mortality states (nomally only first row is used).                                                    
   0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9  10  11  11
  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1
  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1
  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1
  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1
  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1

$corFlag
# Correlation of fishing mortality across ages (0 independent, 1 compound symmetry, or 2 AR(1)
 0

$keyLogFpar
# Coupling of the survey catchability parameters (nomally first row is not used, as that is covered by fishing mortality).  
 -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1
  0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   8   -1  -1  -1
  9  10  11  12  13  14  15  16   17  17  -1  -1  -1
  18  19  20  21  22  23  24  25  26  26  -1  -1  -1
  27  28  29  30  31  32  33  34  35  35  -1  -1  -1
  36  37  38  39  40  41  42  43  44  44  -1  -1  -1
$keyQpow
# Density dependent catchability power parameters (if any). 
  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1
  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1
  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1
  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1
  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1
  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1

$keyVarF
# Coupling of process variance parameters for log(F)-process (nomally only first row is used)    
   0   1   1   1   1   1   1   1   1   1   1   1   1
  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1
  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1
  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1
  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1
  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1

$keyVarLogN
# Coupling of process variance parameters for log(N)-process
 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 
$keyVarObs
# Coupling of the variance parameters for the observations.  
   0   1   2   2   2   2   2   2   3   3   4   4   4
   5   6   6   6   6   7   7   7   7   7  -1  -1  -1
   5   6   6   6   6   7   7   7   7   7  -1  -1  -1
   8   8   8   8   8   8   9   9   9   9  -1  -1  -1
  10  10  10  10  10  10  11  11  11  11  -1  -1  -1
  12  12  12  12  12  12  12  12  12  12  -1  -1  -1

$obsCorStruct
# Covariance structure for each fleet ("ID" independent, "AR" AR(1), or "US" for unstructured). | Possible values are: "ID" "AR" "US"
 "ID" "AR" "AR" "AR" "AR" "AR" 

$keyCorObs
# Coupling of correlation parameters can only be specified if the AR(1) structure is chosen above.
# NA's indicate where correlation parameters can be specified (-1 where they cannot).
#3-4 4-5 5-6 6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 
NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
0 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 -1 -1 -1
0 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 -1 -1 -1
4 4 4 5 6 6 6 7 8 -1 -1 -1
9 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 11 -1 -1 -1
12 12 12 13 13 13 14 14 15 -1 -1 -1

$stockRecruitmentModelCode
# Stock recruitment code (0 for plain random walk, 1 for Ricker, and 2 for Beverton-Holt).
 0 

$noScaledYears
# Number of years where catch scaling is applied.
 0 

$keyScaledYears
# A vector of the years where catch scaling is applied.
  

$keyParScaledYA
# A matrix specifying the couplings of scale parameters (nrow = no scaled years, ncols = no ages).

$fbarRange
# lowest and higest age included in Fbar
 5 10 

$keyBiomassTreat
# To be defined only if a biomass survey is used (0 SSB index, 1 catch index, and 2 FSB index).
 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 

$obsLikelihoodFlag
# Option for observational likelihood | Possible values are: "LN" "ALN"
 "LN" "LN" "LN" "LN" "LN" "LN" 

$fixVarToWeight
# If weight attribute is supplied for observations this option sets the treatment (0 relative weight, 1 fix variance to weight).
 0

 

Table 3. 14 . Parameters settings used in SAM run.

SAM Tue May 27 16:49:48 2025

Year_age 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 +gp FBAR5-10
1946 0.003 0.020 0.069 0.136 0.269 0.247 0.378 0.395 0.573 0.564 0.628 0.652 0.652 0.249
1947 0.002 0.021 0.090 0.187 0.387 0.293 0.450 0.447 0.692 0.636 0.689 0.783 0.783 0.309
1948 0.001 0.021 0.095 0.220 0.465 0.347 0.513 0.450 0.714 0.695 0.741 0.922 0.922 0.348
1949 0.002 0.029 0.138 0.302 0.473 0.367 0.459 0.476 0.771 0.753 0.788 1.027 1.027 0.369
1950 0.002 0.043 0.163 0.314 0.436 0.363 0.480 0.538 0.838 0.855 0.816 1.146 1.146 0.382
1951 0.009 0.079 0.232 0.343 0.445 0.393 0.496 0.567 0.780 0.866 0.840 1.194 1.194 0.413
1952 0.014 0.104 0.278 0.432 0.476 0.409 0.524 0.640 0.844 0.920 0.843 1.195 1.195 0.460
1953 0.020 0.113 0.251 0.359 0.401 0.373 0.472 0.612 0.814 0.823 0.799 1.020 1.020 0.411
1954 0.017 0.116 0.268 0.383 0.423 0.355 0.488 0.707 0.832 0.823 0.791 0.929 0.929 0.437
1955 0.015 0.108 0.295 0.495 0.497 0.510 0.565 0.752 0.894 0.866 0.791 0.862 0.862 0.519
1956 0.018 0.122 0.350 0.583 0.560 0.600 0.590 0.740 0.892 0.984 0.823 0.804 0.804 0.571
1957 0.021 0.136 0.290 0.529 0.548 0.589 0.536 0.673 0.879 0.913 0.820 0.720 0.720 0.528
1958 0.035 0.182 0.359 0.543 0.540 0.510 0.507 0.692 0.829 0.879 0.721 0.633 0.633 0.525
1959 0.035 0.203 0.426 0.524 0.526 0.527 0.552 0.720 0.787 0.801 0.708 0.645 0.645 0.546
1960 0.036 0.212 0.405 0.509 0.493 0.546 0.522 0.754 0.854 0.803 0.699 0.711 0.711 0.538
1961 0.038 0.226 0.491 0.576 0.546 0.645 0.696 0.850 0.897 0.863 0.742 0.748 0.748 0.634
1962 0.036 0.225 0.585 0.752 0.633 0.684 0.796 1.010 0.935 0.845 0.775 0.738 0.738 0.743
1963 0.024 0.194 0.586 0.803 0.762 0.774 0.894 1.085 1.080 0.850 0.802 0.735 0.735 0.818
1964 0.019 0.159 0.412 0.553 0.585 0.700 0.936 0.882 0.979 0.801 0.879 0.754 0.754 0.678
1965 0.023 0.143 0.364 0.459 0.471 0.588 0.784 0.797 0.805 0.670 0.889 0.757 0.757 0.577
1966 0.030 0.140 0.285 0.387 0.468 0.599 0.751 0.790 0.713 0.655 0.799 0.674 0.674 0.547
1967 0.029 0.155 0.263 0.327 0.463 0.639 0.829 0.811 0.771 0.666 0.792 0.611 0.611 0.555
1968 0.025 0.176 0.356 0.433 0.494 0.631 0.846 0.832 0.747 0.600 0.798 0.631 0.631 0.599
1969 0.026 0.183 0.406 0.483 0.631 0.813 1.007 0.923 0.835 0.631 0.757 0.621 0.621 0.711
1970 0.034 0.164 0.377 0.469 0.590 0.824 0.997 0.933 0.796 0.577 0.714 0.631 0.631 0.698
1971 0.030 0.155 0.305 0.353 0.505 0.810 0.980 0.920 0.801 0.605 0.693 0.618 0.618 0.645
1972 0.051 0.183 0.332 0.402 0.426 0.718 1.060 1.014 0.895 0.652 0.746 0.637 0.637 0.659
1973 0.132 0.226 0.385 0.438 0.459 0.699 0.921 0.860 0.846 0.673 0.758 0.622 0.622 0.627
1974 0.159 0.298 0.482 0.520 0.508 0.621 0.665 0.870 0.910 0.715 0.891 0.630 0.630 0.611
1975 0.115 0.277 0.507 0.623 0.641 0.729 0.721 0.729 0.938 0.778 0.951 0.601 0.601 0.658
1976 0.143 0.308 0.530 0.615 0.687 0.853 0.873 0.672 0.797 0.821 0.942 0.678 0.678 0.705
1977 0.129 0.337 0.636 0.678 0.707 0.902 1.129 0.858 0.894 0.813 1.050 0.810 0.810 0.818
1978 0.110 0.253 0.573 0.739 0.768 0.894 1.221 0.946 1.302 1.009 1.193 0.915 0.915 0.857
1979 0.056 0.201 0.410 0.621 0.710 0.803 1.093 0.992 1.295 1.094 1.122 1.006 1.006 0.771
1980 0.038 0.157 0.345 0.628 0.722 0.808 0.996 1.058 1.230 0.996 1.157 0.907 0.907 0.760
1981 0.032 0.140 0.281 0.580 0.785 0.974 1.162 0.977 1.071 0.937 1.042 0.837 0.837 0.793
1982 0.040 0.158 0.286 0.640 0.841 0.919 1.133 0.826 0.823 0.925 0.867 0.824 0.824 0.774
1983 0.028 0.165 0.300 0.547 0.902 1.081 1.067 0.848 0.714 0.727 0.802 0.867 0.867 0.791
1984 0.024 0.157 0.331 0.581 1.064 1.168 1.171 0.900 0.748 0.703 0.672 0.893 0.893 0.869
1985 0.038 0.162 0.391 0.667 0.944 1.148 0.929 0.779 0.758 0.656 0.596 0.949 0.949 0.810
1986 0.031 0.172 0.458 0.768 0.907 1.143 0.925 1.045 0.886 0.851 0.589 1.071 1.071 0.874
1987 0.039 0.155 0.472 0.831 1.017 1.116 0.892 1.253 0.977 1.000 0.637 1.251 1.251 0.930
1988 0.034 0.128 0.335 0.637 0.941 1.020 1.031 1.360 0.961 0.915 0.729 1.214 1.214 0.887
1989 0.030 0.107 0.252 0.455 0.646 0.838 0.821 1.004 0.757 0.710 0.697 1.426 1.426 0.669
1990 0.020 0.092 0.177 0.306 0.413 0.499 0.549 0.590 0.655 0.613 0.627 1.311 1.311 0.422
1991 0.020 0.101 0.212 0.342 0.433 0.469 0.504 0.483 0.497 0.595 0.574 1.265 1.265 0.407
1992 0.024 0.114 0.280 0.429 0.528 0.555 0.564 0.563 0.518 0.705 0.544 1.255 1.255 0.487
1993 0.014 0.110 0.316 0.523 0.618 0.657 0.694 0.718 0.691 0.831 0.678 1.228 1.228 0.588
1994 0.012 0.109 0.323 0.597 0.929 0.919 0.879 0.858 0.917 0.938 0.777 1.217 1.217 0.751
1995 0.014 0.117 0.323 0.605 0.933 0.896 0.954 0.928 1.012 0.967 0.855 1.130 1.130 0.773
1996 0.021 0.134 0.353 0.616 0.882 0.940 0.852 1.112 0.961 0.965 0.922 1.037 1.037 0.792
1997 0.022 0.170 0.448 0.684 0.894 1.205 1.130 1.280 1.031 1.022 0.921 0.941 0.941 0.940
1998 0.026 0.183 0.477 0.713 0.851 1.161 1.138 1.323 1.054 0.903 0.832 0.793 0.793 0.944
1999 0.015 0.150 0.466 0.684 0.868 1.102 1.230 1.306 0.957 0.888 0.698 0.704 0.704 0.943
2000 0.009 0.114 0.365 0.588 0.831 1.021 1.113 1.192 0.850 0.907 0.561 0.688 0.688 0.852
2001 0.009 0.096 0.294 0.533 0.755 0.928 0.894 1.060 0.739 0.775 0.451 0.725 0.725 0.744
2002 0.008 0.091 0.277 0.521 0.777 0.889 0.845 0.801 0.632 0.738 0.398 0.690 0.690 0.685
2003 0.010 0.089 0.285 0.474 0.729 0.812 0.779 0.755 0.577 0.641 0.371 0.659 0.659 0.639
2004 0.010 0.090 0.294 0.501 0.772 0.858 0.905 0.968 0.649 0.685 0.353 0.558 0.558 0.716
2005 0.011 0.102 0.321 0.519 0.744 0.870 0.971 0.912 0.686 0.758 0.358 0.506 0.506 0.723
2006 0.016 0.102 0.283 0.444 0.623 0.744 0.826 0.812 0.692 0.787 0.389 0.599 0.599 0.622
2007 0.017 0.091 0.243 0.350 0.451 0.545 0.575 0.551 0.664 0.768 0.404 0.532 0.532 0.453
2008 0.011 0.069 0.163 0.277 0.371 0.452 0.499 0.456 0.610 0.722 0.425 0.451 0.451 0.370
2009 0.010 0.058 0.132 0.222 0.320 0.358 0.472 0.384 0.557 0.779 0.472 0.396 0.396 0.315
2010 0.009 0.049 0.107 0.178 0.285 0.382 0.404 0.438 0.630 0.642 0.545 0.373 0.373 0.299
2011 0.006 0.048 0.105 0.161 0.258 0.357 0.462 0.559 0.593 0.545 0.533 0.314 0.314 0.317
2012 0.007 0.047 0.119 0.161 0.243 0.330 0.434 0.505 0.578 0.507 0.512 0.309 0.309 0.299
2013 0.007 0.048 0.122 0.190 0.272 0.368 0.464 0.543 0.592 0.518 0.500 0.346 0.346 0.327
2014 0.008 0.054 0.143 0.230 0.318 0.401 0.437 0.542 0.626 0.567 0.526 0.383 0.383 0.345
2015 0.010 0.056 0.151 0.272 0.330 0.401 0.378 0.529 0.775 0.642 0.570 0.430 0.430 0.343
2016 0.009 0.053 0.150 0.260 0.347 0.425 0.422 0.580 0.857 0.707 0.642 0.505 0.505 0.364
2017 0.011 0.059 0.155 0.276 0.365 0.487 0.491 0.618 0.931 0.792 0.727 0.581 0.581 0.399
2018 0.012 0.063 0.163 0.274 0.377 0.474 0.540 0.680 0.904 0.888 0.826 0.645 0.645 0.418
2019 0.010 0.067 0.164 0.265 0.389 0.518 0.550 0.741 0.877 0.918 0.880 0.681 0.681 0.438
2020 0.010 0.069 0.178 0.296 0.429 0.552 0.651 0.843 0.952 0.971 0.979 0.729 0.729 0.491
2021 0.013 0.077 0.218 0.367 0.508 0.606 0.795 1.005 0.982 1.135 1.112 0.812 0.812 0.583
2022 0.028 0.100 0.257 0.413 0.515 0.632 0.807 1.079 1.143 1.308 1.260 0.790 0.790 0.617
2023 0.037 0.116 0.249 0.387 0.510 0.667 0.838 1.136 1.153 1.297 1.186 0.703 0.703 0.631
2024 0.025 0.123 0.249 0.377 0.516 0.773 0.783 1.066 0.986 1.149 1.093 0.542 0.542 0.627
                             
Table 3. 15 . Northeast Arctic cod. Fishing mortality.

SAM Tue May 27 16:49:48 2025

Year_age 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 +gp TOTAL
1946 1132096 676614 372493 172094 78325 84512 227436 80676 36043 30432 18917 8126 1988 2919751
1947 589871 678524 498704 298694 133722 53620 56383 132850 45752 17332 14548 8430 4482 2532912
1948 453140 338426 463367 346726 207023 75405 34972 29935 69608 18410 7623 6036 4941 2055612
1949 625645 293248 264498 354528 229334 103972 42981 16909 15967 28191 7441 2989 3585 1989288
1950 1027105 395632 231397 187600 208586 114845 57041 22827 8655 6119 11030 2744 1933 2275513
1951 2401535 778450 310611 178117 114884 111006 66001 28209 10921 2985 2095 4016 1200 4010029
1952 2324908 1127676 461480 189739 116014 61798 61011 33246 13114 4219 1025 731 1282 4396242
1953 2401079 1114374 637540 245326 90917 60064 33176 28489 13952 4522 1351 357 483 4631632
1954 832048 1381918 709021 387423 137944 48991 34651 17321 12896 5055 1644 497 247 3569655
1955 384763 551134 921171 434561 223736 75044 30596 18113 6949 4681 1834 615 241 2653437
1956 750267 246958 395305 550615 211845 112701 35631 14605 7020 2288 1648 689 297 2329871
1957 1437103 407106 151593 208919 238058 94823 49048 15389 5685 2355 671 593 361 2611706
1958 926298 717693 249950 95977 100371 109259 40944 23259 6425 1914 779 232 379 2273480
1959 1312899 485837 429014 141321 47171 47642 54769 20187 9511 2298 642 318 268 2551876
1960 1476668 625889 253248 208017 69488 23075 22980 25326 8052 3635 860 257 260 2717755
1961 1544416 706275 347928 134352 102684 36341 11339 12027 9807 2792 1367 359 209 2909895
1962 1246539 810200 391099 168643 64385 49274 15643 4565 4392 3277 946 538 220 2759722
1963 909759 701952 455542 165607 62670 28830 20762 5763 1331 1463 1159 353 299 2355491
1964 474078 412501 369741 179049 54680 21545 10557 6916 1519 352 513 432 257 1532141
1965 879969 251321 259545 200214 83063 23750 8185 3216 2384 451 124 172 266 1712660
1966 1841575 567564 167228 145000 106347 44094 10954 3043 1180 892 192 40 164 2888273
1967 1312548 1270602 397250 106498 80647 55359 20431 4381 1135 491 387 72 82 3249883
1968 182591 1014379 889836 280094 72502 42319 23749 7292 1619 422 206 145 70 2515224
1969 110956 137717 703331 495057 154642 41124 19660 8561 2636 651 193 75 95 1674697
1970 206571 86217 88097 368851 238029 64428 15103 5829 2766 914 281 75 75 1077236
1971 407906 145948 58066 45468 174297 103216 22553 4578 1863 1029 427 113 65 965527
1972 1055799 314338 105334 37381 27301 81783 36109 6978 1527 696 465 180 79 1667971
1973 1700630 753828 212871 63955 21257 15875 32410 9724 1984 500 297 179 114 2813623
1974 563413 1199683 516400 123229 35431 11339 6618 10183 3408 701 207 117 130 2470860
1975 611367 365886 668805 258327 61609 18483 5370 3066 3320 1119 283 68 109 1997812
1976 599717 445857 226973 311574 108415 26036 7508 2266 1292 1008 418 89 82 1731235
1977 371308 413737 273329 112774 137070 43294 8837 2630 1044 518 350 136 72 1365096
1978 622541 247481 218005 112277 47528 55772 14034 2248 898 382 204 99 76 1321545
1979 204644 448075 155306 90652 40755 17622 18407 3264 697 187 115 50 57 979831
1980 131376 156660 302080 87122 39225 16102 6535 5044 981 154 49 31 31 745392
1981 144660 103263 113458 174763 37977 15672 6035 2072 1397 231 47 12 20 599607
1982 181444 125599 83717 64136 81931 15197 4643 1517 640 380 74 13 11 559303
1983 140148 136361 92240 51934 28934 28281 4891 1235 567 229 119 26 9 484973
1984 442650 114519 83478 54193 24685 10669 7713 1352 437 241 94 42 12 740087
1985 528064 385014 81788 44961 24338 6374 2802 1907 437 165 100 41 18 1076010
1986 1368715 402337 243127 46326 19125 7444 1604 1008 749 175 73 46 19 2090747
1987 355710 999739 254839 109372 16400 6841 1792 574 287 255 61 34 19 1745924
1988 332586 237973 591618 118772 32894 4992 1737 627 134 90 73 27 12 1321534
1989 158314 228237 147633 305426 54830 9836 1474 485 125 40 29 27 10 906468
1990 132921 129067 129914 95622 142232 22737 2892 531 137 47 16 11 7 656135
1991 299535 127081 97980 86406 61770 82147 11392 1368 247 55 21 7 4 768013
1992 714326 272194 101077 69261 48844 33876 46406 6013 794 131 25 10 3 1292959
1993 989320 503298 240765 72801 36734 23575 15470 23823 2986 426 56 13 3 1909270
1994 748873 733142 398449 147000 39032 15927 10626 6348 9657 1295 156 24 4 2110534
1995 536652 491361 523169 231795 63180 12418 5292 3409 2187 3158 413 59 7 1873101
1996 400009 302266 335214 283599 104293 19784 4275 1571 1104 613 991 143 17 1453879
1997 774447 207114 203611 182861 120351 37587 6281 1644 427 335 191 325 47 1535220
1998 1042448 471770 125723 97521 71058 41782 9474 1620 352 127 94 61 117 1862148
1999 623066 597465 262180 62109 32893 26125 11609 2510 341 97 44 33 66 1618538
2000 745655 408259 373946 121876 24398 11224 7404 2628 573 107 32 18 40 1696160
2001 589453 532799 290325 184465 51876 8964 3388 1922 655 196 34 15 25 1664118
2002 374279 429272 367497 186089 82067 20277 3073 1166 553 246 76 18 16 1464629
2003 758269 287413 287200 235285 84395 30176 6698 1112 431 255 94 43 14 1691383
2004 242549 577021 214249 182353 115994 33877 10871 2595 458 215 120 53 24 1380378
2005 693644 186027 405938 136050 94004 39089 11144 3876 793 197 92 73 36 1570963
2006 538707 468518 140827 231646 68446 33820 13421 3289 1265 345 75 55 60 1500475
2007 1254408 438991 303622 88686 119494 30205 12405 4379 1131 525 132 41 53 2254071
2008 1015559 975223 335505 167516 52948 62369 15242 5537 1866 501 196 73 46 2632582
2009 590917 795147 741822 248460 89180 33359 28574 7630 2925 879 205 104 62 2539263
2010 205971 460685 651227 550536 166523 54166 18704 14353 4427 1505 319 107 93 2128617
2011 364181 183437 380687 534063 386511 85734 31005 10428 7797 1899 681 143 112 1986678
2012 508680 278113 147374 315868 404250 219254 44345 15693 5043 3604 908 335 152 1943619
2013 467710 372141 226757 129241 240629 263242 133707 22692 8148 2307 1796 447 304 1869120
2014 850150 355642 298296 182598 101544 168145 144595 63866 10776 3619 1110 894 442 2181676
2015 448454 568416 299427 214729 131647 67681 95467 73020 29151 4896 1653 534 754 1935829
2016 282842 312464 416279 215874 135733 76195 43216 52321 33467 10975 2105 760 692 1582923
2017 756942 235722 226381 286617 145081 78727 40745 23804 22351 12124 4448 907 714 1834564
2018 482707 525504 185637 158877 184911 85029 39665 21315 10540 7109 4444 1745 732 1708215
2019 616881 358318 380589 147601 90704 106517 45131 19112 8787 3577 2323 1556 1036 1782131
2020 526121 416245 272516 246475 99388 53219 53538 21703 7795 3084 1174 780 1041 1703078
2021 366624 334619 307222 190663 144187 52393 26017 22717 8220 2524 968 360 702 1457217
2022 185968 243287 238409 192617 118782 71999 22981 9782 6540 2479 656 260 368 1094128
2023 240885 142700 161744 137774 105797 60258 31263 8530 2712 1639 525 147 223 894197
2024 632470 183306 105577 94751 77407 48025 27701 10425 2285 654 351 128 139 1183219
2025   425383 132325 65384 52041 37843 18747 10144 2931 709 170 96 128 1201638
Table 3. 16 . Northeast Arctic COD Stock number-at-age (Thous) .

SAM Tue May 27 16:49:48 2025

Year_age 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 +gp
1946 0.490 0.304 0.226 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1947 0.544 0.325 0.231 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1948 0.493 0.305 0.226 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1949 0.434 0.282 0.221 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1950 0.316 0.236 0.210 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1951 0.724 0.394 0.247 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1952 0.715 0.391 0.246 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1953 0.537 0.322 0.230 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1954 0.388 0.264 0.217 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1955 0.406 0.271 0.218 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1956 0.590 0.343 0.235 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1957 0.725 0.395 0.247 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1958 0.562 0.332 0.233 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1959 0.713 0.390 0.246 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1960 0.704 0.387 0.245 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1961 0.609 0.350 0.237 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1962 0.520 0.315 0.229 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1963 0.788 0.419 0.253 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1964 0.603 0.348 0.236 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1965 0.416 0.275 0.219 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1966 0.353 0.251 0.214 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1967 0.271 0.219 0.206 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1968 0.224 0.201 0.202 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1969 0.206 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1970 0.293 0.227 0.208 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1971 0.256 0.213 0.205 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1972 0.323 0.239 0.211 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1973 0.217 0.200 0.201 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1974 0.217 0.200 0.201 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1975 0.232 0.204 0.203 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1976 0.224 0.200 0.202 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1977 0.249 0.210 0.204 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1978 0.234 0.205 0.203 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1979 0.208 0.200 0.201 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1980 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1981 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1982 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1983 0.203 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1984 0.201 0.200 0.219 0.210 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1985 0.204 0.224 0.200 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1986 0.270 0.215 0.250 0.231 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1987 0.255 0.236 0.217 0.270 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1988 0.222 0.211 0.241 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1989 0.200 0.230 0.200 0.233 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1990 0.200 0.200 0.207 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1991 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.208 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1992 0.207 0.200 0.200 0.204 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1993 0.240 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1994 0.347 0.260 0.214 0.220 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1995 0.531 0.314 0.226 0.202 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1996 0.525 0.327 0.242 0.218 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1997 0.422 0.268 0.239 0.226 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1998 0.428 0.273 0.216 0.267 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1999 0.264 0.233 0.236 0.222 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2000 0.248 0.212 0.242 0.225 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2001 0.236 0.220 0.200 0.231 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2002 0.278 0.212 0.200 0.224 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2003 0.239 0.200 0.200 0.212 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2004 0.250 0.215 0.200 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2005 0.297 0.212 0.215 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2006 0.203 0.229 0.200 0.207 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2007 0.246 0.200 0.247 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2008 0.258 0.214 0.200 0.233 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2009 0.273 0.209 0.200 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2010 0.297 0.234 0.207 0.201 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2011 0.423 0.309 0.200 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2012 0.377 0.297 0.200 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2013 0.391 0.233 0.204 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2014 0.368 0.292 0.212 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2015 0.354 0.259 0.233 0.205 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2016 0.216 0.252 0.260 0.216 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2017 0.388 0.217 0.214 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2018 0.268 0.212 0.200 0.218 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2019 0.291 0.210 0.213 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2020 0.441 0.230 0.200 0.210 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2021 0.421 0.265 0.232 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2022 0.261 0.221 0.217 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2023 0.301 0.202 0.219 0.200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2024 0.386 0.281 0.208 0.207 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Table 3. 17 . Northeast Arctic COD. Natural mortality used in final run.

SAM Tue May 27 16:49:48 2025

Year RECRUITS TOTALBIO TOTSPBIO LANDINGS YIELD/SSB FBAR 5-10
1946 1132096 3936948 952566 706000 0.741 0.249
1947 589871 3388287 901673 882017 0.978 0.309
1948 453140 3358491 784027 774295 0.988 0.348
1949 625645 2895545 594525 800122 1.346 0.369
1950 1027105 2796138 535621 731982 1.367 0.382
1951 2401535 3689758 495101 827180 1.671 0.413
1952 2324908 4112827 488885 876795 1.794 0.460
1953 2401079 4090414 412279 695546 1.687 0.411
1954 832048 4198700 408274 826021 2.023 0.437
1955 384763 3537671 327990 1147841 3.500 0.519
1956 750267 3318877 281202 1343068 4.776 0.571
1957 1437103 2814508 212161 792557 3.736 0.528
1958 926298 2356486 205333 769313 3.747 0.525
1959 1312899 2725120 434387 744607 1.714 0.546
1960 1476668 2352506 384713 622042 1.617 0.538
1961 1544416 2349043 386652 783221 2.026 0.634
1962 1246539 2173243 315466 909266 2.882 0.743
1963 909759 2008977 215997 776337 3.594 0.818
1964 474078 1509582 200005 437695 2.188 0.678
1965 879969 1458870 107910 444930 4.123 0.577
1966 1841575 2222024 121043 483711 3.996 0.547
1967 1312548 2736891 128802 572605 4.446 0.555
1968 182591 3285822 223126 1074084 4.814 0.599
1969 110956 2820971 149020 1197226 8.034 0.711
1970 206571 2161933 241962 933246 3.857 0.698
1971 407906 1660046 330131 689048 2.087 0.645
1972 1055799 1616269 353264 565254 1.600 0.659
1973 1700630 2277172 334209 792685 2.372 0.627
1974 563413 2177597 159059 1102433 6.931 0.611
1975 611367 2090625 133590 829377 6.208 0.658
1976 599717 1939387 167156 867463 5.190 0.705
1977 371308 1929680 335912 905301 2.695 0.818
1978 622541 1584427 227783 698715 3.068 0.857
1979 204644 1136772 180283 440538 2.444 0.771
1980 131376 853805 108445 380434 3.508 0.760
1981 144660 967282 161401 399038 2.472 0.793
1982 181444 751434 321579 363730 1.131 0.774
1983 140148 746890 311707 289992 0.930 0.791
1984 442650 830492 243746 277651 1.139 0.869
1985 528064 1000004 195409 307920 1.576 0.810
1986 1368715 1399590 163758 430113 2.627 0.874
1987 355710 1233607 114830 523071 4.555 0.930
1988 332586 1005681 191155 434939 2.275 0.887
1989 158314 956019 237018 332481 1.403 0.669
1990 132921 912628 303147 212000 0.699 0.422
1991 299535 1347968 636285 319158 0.502 0.407
1992 714326 1688732 802773 513234 0.639 0.487
1993 989320 2199248 698689 581611 0.832 0.588
1994 748873 2112371 568482 771086 1.356 0.751
1995 536652 1847875 532011 739999 1.391 0.773
1996 400009 1695624 550682 732228 1.330 0.792
1997 774447 1537235 546271 762403 1.396 0.940
1998 1042448 1349759 385902 592624 1.536 0.944
1999 623066 1197590 280398 484910 1.729 0.943
2000 745655 1220552 254492 414868 1.630 0.852
2001 589453 1474589 382131 426471 1.116 0.744
2002 374279 1591497 519299 535045 1.030 0.685
2003 758269 1678998 569338 551990 0.970 0.639
2004 242549 1564826 662610 606445 0.915 0.716
2005 693644 1512941 574664 641276 1.116 0.723
2006 538707 1534688 576532 537642 0.933 0.622
2007 1254408 1857781 639925 486883 0.761 0.453
2008 1015559 2543523 707321 464171 0.656 0.370
2009 590917 3077905 993561 523430 0.527 0.315
2010 205971 3312511 1220028 609983 0.500 0.299
2011 364181 3529710 1769171 719830 0.407 0.317
2012 508680 3599416 1979958 727663 0.368 0.299
2013 467710 3661930 2185755 966209 0.442 0.327
2014 850150 3377876 2057014 986449 0.480 0.345
2015 448454 3198970 1639801 864384 0.527 0.343
2016 282842 2781907 1303470 849422 0.652 0.364
2017 756942 2715451 1333156 868276 0.651 0.399
2018 482707 2505096 1198557 778627 0.650 0.418
2019 616881 2378542 1131791 692609 0.612 0.438
2020 526121 2085058 893213 692903 0.776 0.491
2021 366624 1868398 758857 767284 1.011 0.583
2022 185968 1633687 636057 719211 1.131 0.617
2023 240885 1435914 657327 582552 0.886 0.631
2024 632470 1243966 490319 453040 0.924 0.627
Arith. Mean 717811 2173812 559723 670352 1.987 0.599
Table 3. 18 . Northeast Arctic COD. Summary table.
2025                
Age N M Mat PF PM SWT Sel CWT
3 537000 0.316 0 0 0 0.1961 0.048 0.625
4 425383 0.235 0.005 0 0 0.58636 0.181 1.112
5 132325 0.215 0.017 0 0 1.154409 0.403 1.640
6 65384 0.202 0.072 0 0 1.895186 0.628 2.288
7 52041 0.2 0.316 0 0 2.794182 0.822 3.166
8 37843 0.2 0.579 0 0 3.842038 1.104 4.353
9 18747 0.2 0.825 0 0 5.418 1.294 5.748
10 10144 0.2 0.947 0 0 7.511 1.749 6.768
11 2931 0.2 1 0 0 8.230782 1.75 8.463
12 709 0.2 1 0 0 11.349 2.002 10.220
13 170 0.2 1 0 0 13.882 1.888 11.511
14 96 0.2 1 0 0 15.682 1.086 12.817
15 128 0.2 1 0 0 17.954 1.086 14.326
                 
2026                
Age N M Mat PF PM SWT Sel CWT
3 378000 0.316 0.002 0 0 0.225 0.048 0.538
4   0.235 0.009 0 0 0.571 0.181 1.010
5   0.215 0.015 0 0 1.06 0.403 1.643
6   0.202 0.079 0 0 1.948 0.628 2.316
7   0.2 0.372 0 0 2.964 0.822 3.174
8   0.2 0.687 0 0 4.096 1.104 4.384
9   0.2 0.900 0 0 5.513 1.294 5.714
10   0.2 0.953 0 0 6.853 1.749 7.047
11   0.2 1 0 0 8.552 1.75 8.212
12   0.2 1 0 0 10.081 2.002 9.855
13   0.2 1 0 0 13.483 1.888 11.638
14   0.2 1 0 0 16.079 1.086 12.920
15   0.2 1 0 0 17.943 1.086 14.201
                 
2027                
Age N M Mat PF PM SWT Sel CWT
3 322000 0.316 0.002 0 0 0.232 0.048 0.538
4   0.235 0.009 0 0 0.6 0.181 1.010
5   0.215 0.015 0 0 1.045 0.403 1.643
6   0.202 0.079 0 0 1.854 0.628 2.316
7   0.2 0.372 0 0 3.017 0.822 3.174
8   0.2 0.687 0 0 4.266 1.104 4.384
9   0.2 0.900 0 0 5.767 1.294 5.714
10   0.2 0.953 0 0 6.948 1.749 7.047
11   0.2 1 0 0 8.371 1.75 8.212
12   0.2 1 0 0 10.402 2.002 9.855
13   0.2 1 0 0 12.215 1.888 11.638
14   0.2 1 0 0 15.68 1.086 12.920
15   0.2 1 0 0 18.339 1.086 14.201
Table 3. 19 .a. Northeast Arctic COD. Input for the short term prediction.
Yearclass recruitment BST1 BST2 BST3 BSA1 BSA2 BSA3
1982 528 NA NA NA NA NA NA
1983 1369 NA NA NA NA NA NA
1984 356 NA NA NA NA NA NA
1985 333 NA NA NA NA NA NA
1986 158 NA NA NA NA NA NA
1987 133 NA NA NA NA NA NA
1988 300 NA NA NA NA NA NA
1989 714 NA NA NA NA NA NA
1990 989 NA NA NA NA NA NA
1991 749 NA NA 294 NA NA 324
1992 537 NA 557 283 NA 624 138
1993 400 1044 541 163 903 212 99
1994 774 5356 792 318 2175 272 159
1995 1042 5899 1423 355 1826 565 391
1996 623 5044 496 188 1698 475 148
1997 746 2491 350 246 2524 232 295
1998 589 473 242 183 365 263 177
1999 374 129 78 118 153 51 61
2000 758 713 419 377 364 209 307
2001 243 34 66 64 19 53 33
2002 694 3022 243 249 1505 117 125
2003 539 323 217 116 161 139 65
2004 1254 853 289 361 500 158 58
2005 1016 674 370 194 411 47 200
2006 591 595 102 126 85 94 108
2007 206 69 36 37 51 25 23
2008 364 389 95 85 205 44 40
2009 509 1028 226 76 620 91 83
2010 468 617 100 69 266 40 61
2011 850 703 143 227 496 89 287
2012 448 436 191 144 313 211 139
2013 283 1246 343 99 1759 211 56
2014 757 1642 306 179 1904 202 112
2015 483 312 129 139 241 73 109
2016 617 645 501 282 439 280 204
2017 526 2714 559 238 2058 362 117
2018 367 1791 274 112 1437 158 65
2019 186 165 35 52 93 29 29
2020 241 81 66 41 46 43 29
2021 632 668 163 199 525 103 151
2022 NA 305 307 154 244 201 130
2023 NA 378 119 NA 328 106 NA
2024 NA 165 NA NA 199 NA NA
Table 3.19.b. Northeast Arctic COD. Input for the short term prediction using RCT3.
       
prediction      
  WAP logWAP int.se        
yearclass:2017 873.1 6.77 0.24        
yearclass:2018 505.8 6.23 0.24        
yearclass:2019 242 5.49 0.25        
yearclass:2020 197.6 5.29 0.24        
yearclass:2021 585.4 6.37 0.20        
yearclass:2022 536.6 6.29 0.18        
yearclass:2023 377.6 5.93 0.31        
yearclass:2024 321.8 5.77 0.39        
Table 3.19.c. Results of RCT3 prediction of NEA cod recruitment (in million individuals of age 3).
 
Iner: averages over 4 years or all years. M2: A model based on Water temperature at stations 3-7 of the Kola section (0-200 m layer), length of thermal front zones and storm activity in the year the year class was spawned M4, M5, M6: models based on water temperature at stations 3-7 of the Kola section (0-200 m layer), length of thermal front zones and spawning stock biomass in the year the year class was spawned
NEA cod recruitment at age 3      
Year 2025 2026 2027 2028+ 2027+
Yearclass 2022 2023 2024  
RCT3 537 378 322  
M2 493 465 450  
M4 498      
M5 554 443    
M6 551 498 524 340
SAM 456     717
Iner4 (2021-2024) 356 356 356  
Table 3.19.d. Results of various recruitment models (million individuals age 3). Values used in the predictions are shown in green.
 
 
2025        
Biomass (t) SSB (t) FMult FBar Landings (t)  
1131360 330491 1 0.511 340000  
           
2026       2027  
Biomass SSB FBar Landings Biomass SSB
1222722 325486 0.00 0 1693969 527732
    0.05 41888 1647871 500116
    0.10 81960 1603881 474161
    0.15 120319 1561875 449756
    0.20 157065 1521739 426799
    0.25 192289 1483365 405195
    0.30 226074 1446652 384855
    0.35 258502 1411505 365698
    0.40 289647 1377839 347646
    0.45 319578 1345570 330629
    0.50 348360 1314622 314581
    0.55 376054 1284923 299440
    0.60 402717 1256407 285149
    0.65 428403 1229010 271654
    0.70 453161 1202674 258906
    0.75 477039 1177343 246859
    0.80 500082 1152965 235469
    0.85 522329 1129493 224696
    0.90 543820 1106881 214503
    0.95 564593 1085085 204853
    1.00 584680 1064065 195716
Tonnes Tonnes   Tonnes Tonnes Tonnes
Table 3. 20 . Northeast Arctic COD. Management option table.
Fbar age            
range: 5-10            
Year: 2025            
F multiplier: 1          
Fbar: 0.5113            
               
Age F CatchNos Yield StockNos Biomass SSNos SSB
3 0.025 11170 6981 537000 105306 0 0
4 0.093 33570 37329 425383 249428 2127 1247
5 0.206 22253 36495 132325 152757 2250 2597
6 0.321 16348 37403 65384 123915 4708 8922
7 0.420 16298 51600 52041 145412 16445 45950
8 0.564 14933 65004 37843 145394 21911 84183
9 0.662 8314 47787 18747 101571 15466 83796
10 0.894 5515 37323 10144 71353 9606 67571
11 0.895 1594 13490 2931 22015 2931 22015
12 1.024 419 4279 709 8047 709 8047
13 0.965 97 1116 170 2360 170 2360
14 0.555 37 480 96 1506 96 1506
15+ 0.555 50 715 128 2298 128 2298
Total NA 130596 340000 1282901 1131360 76547 330491
    Thous Tonnes Thous Tonnes Thous Tonnes
Fbar age            
range: 5-10            
Year: 2026            
F multiplier: 0. 72          
Fbar: 0.3673            
               
Age F CatchNos Yield StockNos Biomass SSNos SSB
3 0.018 5667 3049 378000 85050 756 170
4 0.066 21928 22147 382013 218130 3438 1963
5 0.148 38058 62529 306570 324964 4599 4874
6 0.231 16264 37667 86852 169188 6861 13366
7 0.302 9200 29200 38752 114861 14416 42728
8 0.406 8514 37323 27987 114635 19227 78755
9 0.475 6089 34793 17619 97133 15857 87420
10 0.642 3439 24234 7920 54277 7548 51726
11 0.643 1475 12114 3396 29043 3396 29043
12 0.735 468 4617 981 9887 981 9887
13 0.694 96 1113 209 2812 209 2812
14 0.399 16 206 53 852 53 852
15+ 0.399 32 449 105 1889 105 1889
Total NA 111244 269440 1250458 1222722 77446 325486
    Thous Tonnes Thous Tonnes Thous Tonnes
Table 3. 21 . Northeast Arctic COD. Detailed prediction output assuming TAC constraint in 2025 and HCR in 2026.





Year B(3+) SSB R(3) F(5-10)
1984 826353 254816 418707 0.777
1985 988211 200451 555765 0.637
1986 1358622 180465 1083011 0.786
1987 1206518 131324 287539 1.029
1988 982587 216777 215207 0.978
1989 917299 241526 172574 0.467
1990 985294 331063 226737 0.311
1991 1570251 726058 403702 0.226
1992 1944359 941272 700444 0.404
1993 2397901 831095 903164 0.605
1994 2179331 644927 702509 0.803
1995 1839228 556844 478459 0.748
1996 1743552 604035 383350 0.718
1997 1626860 649830 639025 1.042
1998 1293247 425162 787373 1.063
1999 1103004 288052 480656 0.914
2000 1084482 247296 561759 0.642
2001 1332265 372688 479603 0.515
2002 1468431 503946 418301 0.506
2003 1568045 542115 665526 0.505
2004 1511119 636262 272109 0.596
2005 1475261 574806 525749 0.601
2006 1497685 592634 525403 0.625
2007 1789065 630701 1248402 0.489
2008 2508120 683440 1220468 0.349
2009 3142920 972812 820781 0.334
2010 3403632 1158779 469001 0.366
2011 3578625 1634487 581696 0.319
2012 3682936 1871336 657990 0.287
2013 3797845 2077417 778141 0.295
2014 3517977 1975393 972909 0.326
2015 3322508 1568638 483897 0.357
2016 2945685 1269581 377636 0.340
2017 2961737 1401448 765172 0.430
2018 2715617 1274968 601811 0.501
2019 2529784 1171537 600642 0.454
2020 2244846 923447 490470 0.492
2021 2047307 812085 314771 0.600
2022 1742638 687563 197392 0.741
2023 1511749 705466 371641.4 0.656
2024 1361502 523271 830947 0.572
2025 1167123 357507    
Table 3. 22 . Northeast Arctic COD. Assessments results by means of TISVPA.
  3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
1984 418707 134387 77053 45219 23977 12557 8996 1428 628 403 182 32 21
1985 555765 335856 96918 44998 19543 6721 3329 2363 458 326 155 98 25
1986 1083011 434236 230359 55486 20690 6820 2182 1296 1089 223 226 93 38
1987 287539 803556 290649 114032 22387 7037 2092 744 402 375 69 142 48
1988 215207 212429 522112 144660 35585 5993 2086 726 157 131 105 35 13
1989 172574 164747 150236 284912 60482 9612 1616 592 161 33 42 47 69
1990 226737 137370 116641 94864 154630 25704 3440 643 248 91 16 31 12
1991 403702 183952 105771 82557 61128 97461 14578 2022 365 150 59 8 17
1992 700444 326608 141812 73298 50760 34465 58529 8565 1264 248 108 46 5
1993 903164 553336 238791 93286 40328 25659 16361 30977 4456 740 130 81 4
1994 702509 701156 412494 142053 47782 18793 11234 6800 13140 1826 277 58 12
1995 478459 490323 487165 244107 62497 13608 5991 3338 1963 4009 542 127 3
1996 383350 277418 322001 286577 115422 22932 4688 1993 1020 540 1462 257 3
1997 639025 221218 177009 183935 139436 46554 8439 1850 672 347 197 568 2
1998 787373 408521 138898 83828 73241 46836 11992 1975 413 136 65 52 126
1999 480656 490259 241618 68244 30696 25504 11911 3332 466 120 33 21 77
2000 561759 362091 321093 113170 25767 10914 6822 2384 971 148 48 3 47
2001 479603 433252 262958 171535 49641 9663 3576 1855 639 461 57 29 90
2002 418301 374113 316679 162185 81525 20961 3473 1477 612 243 275 39 26
2003 665526 314262 276150 194584 75713 31250 7627 1318 732 300 101 194 5
2004 272109 517472 238556 172516 98240 32109 12813 3532 608 439 157 63 32
2005 525749 209781 382057 151278 84503 37910 11281 4621 1315 233 234 93 27
2006 525403 385378 152749 215877 73464 32676 13412 3957 1564 538 97 161 556
2007 1248402 421329 267732 95057 106111 32260 12688 4535 1529 534 227 56 150
2008 1220468 956011 308292 157062 54125 54035 15965 6356 2224 748 192 143 72
2009 820781 935202 724939 214712 93184 31427 26497 8330 3505 1161 404 121 115
2010 469001 620222 722695 514211 133865 55958 17896 13793 4909 2028 248 264 188
2011 581696 346655 473427 529831 341429 75662 29861 10057 7226 1741 923 70 0
2012 657990 379474 246570 353530 363360 208355 42375 14589 4273 3288 922 436 149
2013 778141 448794 272166 185386 248832 231884 124201 23593 7465 1976 1734 512 834
2014 972909 523474 341971 200061 130873 154545 126491 61930 11531 3609 1029 1052 787
2015 483897 668545 373020 240924 130582 80237 79423 63277 30296 5945 1866 588 1115
2016 377636 336085 487109 256183 149313 75959 45146 42913 30183 11611 2657 1116 1380
2017 765172 302223 249901 327671 164344 88366 41281 24260 18777 12106 5325 1465 1046
2018 601811 513687 230566 173398 202471 90059 44727 20001 11177 5965 4611 2755 889
2019 600642 455082 388820 161813 105164 109447 44821 20766 8011 3618 1925 1968 1123
2020 490470 444961 348811 268220 103418 59471 52405 20769 8988 2891 1319 977 876
2021 314771 312188 332296 247705 165516 55783 28538 21633 7181 2548 1076 598 903
2022 197392 203701 222302 213422 145951 79821 24660 10179 6097 1865 673 356 232
2023 371641 147230 142452 131050 110845 71230 32653 8917 2702 1473 335 128 215
2024 830947 266342 104089 85055 70603 52681 31107 11764 2446 593 365 115 42
2025 0 556288 182805 65483 45001 31959 21496 12501 4567 977 247 204 64
Table 3. 23 . NEA cod TISVPA estimates of abundance at age (thousands).
  3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 F(5-10)
1984 0.022 0.133 0.321 0.546 0.943 0.954 0.951 0.946 0.320 1.041 0.544 0.544 0.544 0.777
1985 0.021 0.121 0.308 0.454 0.620 0.886 0.767 0.785 0.715 0.255 0.446 0.446 0.446 0.637
1986 0.021 0.150 0.383 0.620 0.747 0.877 1.114 0.975 0.908 0.801 0.520 0.520 0.520 0.786
1987 0.026 0.150 0.496 0.816 1.107 1.104 1.112 1.539 1.160 1.040 0.614 0.614 0.614 1.029
1988 0.024 0.158 0.403 0.872 1.160 1.280 1.056 1.097 1.328 0.999 0.582 0.582 0.582 0.978
1989 0.014 0.088 0.236 0.355 0.568 0.594 0.555 0.497 0.473 0.526 0.296 0.296 0.296 0.467
1990 0.008 0.058 0.156 0.255 0.308 0.410 0.377 0.363 0.306 0.287 0.195 0.195 0.195 0.311
1991 0.007 0.038 0.110 0.183 0.242 0.251 0.294 0.278 0.250 0.209 0.142 0.142 0.142 0.226
1992 0.010 0.068 0.164 0.305 0.430 0.502 0.459 0.562 0.487 0.425 0.244 0.244 0.244 0.404
1993 0.015 0.085 0.255 0.394 0.632 0.787 0.814 0.751 0.872 0.720 0.358 0.358 0.358 0.605
1994 0.017 0.111 0.281 0.546 0.701 1.006 1.102 1.185 0.969 1.117 0.451 0.451 0.451 0.803
1995 0.016 0.105 0.297 0.469 0.758 0.815 1.007 1.139 1.098 0.882 0.443 0.443 0.443 0.748
1996 0.020 0.101 0.286 0.514 0.661 0.919 0.846 1.083 1.102 1.032 0.448 0.448 0.448 0.718
1997 0.026 0.169 0.364 0.681 1.078 1.190 1.526 1.411 1.747 1.716 0.622 0.622 0.622 1.042
1998 0.029 0.169 0.487 0.642 1.005 1.354 1.230 1.661 1.338 1.573 0.624 0.624 0.624 1.063
1999 0.023 0.175 0.443 0.807 0.827 1.077 1.197 1.132 1.314 1.064 0.563 0.563 0.563 0.914
2000 0.018 0.110 0.362 0.549 0.776 0.655 0.713 0.797 0.698 0.762 0.397 0.397 0.397 0.642
2001 0.014 0.094 0.239 0.490 0.590 0.691 0.514 0.568 0.580 0.505 0.315 0.315 0.315 0.515
2002 0.012 0.081 0.237 0.373 0.634 0.641 0.652 0.499 0.510 0.509 0.295 0.295 0.295 0.506
2003 0.013 0.074 0.206 0.376 0.482 0.704 0.617 0.644 0.457 0.457 0.281 0.281 0.281 0.505
2004 0.014 0.095 0.225 0.399 0.613 0.674 0.882 0.784 0.751 0.513 0.329 0.329 0.329 0.596
2005 0.016 0.091 0.260 0.382 0.559 0.741 0.706 0.956 0.773 0.722 0.335 0.335 0.335 0.601
2006 0.017 0.106 0.264 0.485 0.579 0.733 0.854 0.833 1.045 0.815 0.368 0.368 0.368 0.625
2007 0.014 0.086 0.235 0.359 0.533 0.535 0.585 0.689 0.620 0.736 0.299 0.299 0.299 0.489
2008 0.009 0.064 0.173 0.290 0.356 0.445 0.394 0.438 0.471 0.420 0.224 0.224 0.224 0.349
2009 0.008 0.054 0.160 0.268 0.368 0.388 0.429 0.389 0.401 0.422 0.213 0.213 0.213 0.334
2010 0.008 0.054 0.149 0.281 0.388 0.461 0.430 0.487 0.408 0.413 0.230 0.230 0.230 0.366
2011 0.008 0.044 0.128 0.219 0.339 0.402 0.422 0.402 0.422 0.349 0.209 0.209 0.000 0.319
2012 0.008 0.044 0.106 0.193 0.272 0.363 0.381 0.408 0.362 0.372 0.196 0.196 0.196 0.287
2013 0.008 0.050 0.122 0.185 0.278 0.341 0.407 0.437 0.435 0.378 0.213 0.213 0.213 0.295
2014 0.009 0.057 0.151 0.228 0.285 0.375 0.410 0.505 0.504 0.491 0.249 0.249 0.249 0.326
2015 0.010 0.065 0.169 0.285 0.354 0.382 0.450 0.505 0.581 0.567 0.290 0.290 0.290 0.357
2016 0.009 0.060 0.166 0.270 0.372 0.396 0.380 0.456 0.475 0.533 0.283 0.283 0.283 0.340
2017 0.011 0.065 0.193 0.342 0.461 0.554 0.520 0.508 0.572 0.584 0.358 0.358 0.358 0.430
2018 0.011 0.074 0.192 0.364 0.537 0.623 0.660 0.632 0.569 0.629 0.411 0.411 0.411 0.501
2019 0.011 0.062 0.182 0.293 0.457 0.577 0.584 0.633 0.560 0.495 0.381 0.381 0.381 0.454
2020 0.012 0.072 0.182 0.335 0.446 0.608 0.678 0.705 0.704 0.606 0.432 0.432 0.432 0.492
2021 0.017 0.093 0.233 0.370 0.576 0.664 0.811 0.944 0.896 0.871 0.547 0.547 0.547 0.600
2022 0.032 0.134 0.310 0.493 0.651 0.902 0.905 1.183 1.269 1.155 0.712 0.712 0.712 0.741
2023 0.023 0.198 0.349 0.499 0.642 0.714 0.852 0.879 1.027 1.063 0.662 0.662 0.662 0.656
2024 0.015 0.095 0.255 0.430 0.593 0.696 0.712 0.746 0.717 0.674 0.382 0.382 0.382 0.572
Table 3. 24 . NEA cod TISVPA estimates of fishing mortality coefficients.

 

NEA cod. Standard plots
Figure 3.1. Standard plots for Northeast Arctic cod (ICES subareas 1 and 2).

 

Figure 3. 2 .a. Standardized one-observation-ahead residuals for log-catches and log-indices (Thygesen et al. 2017) in the final SAM run.
Figure 3. 2 .a. Standardized one-observation-ahead residuals for log-catches and log-indices (Thygesen et al. 2017) in the final SAM run.

 

NEA cod. Retrospective patterns.
Figure 3.2.b. NEA cod SSB, R and Fbar model retrospective pattern for final SAM run.
Figure 3. 2.c . NEA cod SSB, F bar and R historical retrospective pattern for final SAM run.
Figure 3. 2.c . NEA cod SSB, F bar and R historical retrospective pattern for final SAM run.

 

 

Figure 3.2.d. NEA cod final SAM run fit. Total catch in weight. Modelled catches from the final run and point wise 95% confidence intervals are shown by line and shaded area. The yearly observed total catch weight (crosses) are calculated as Catch(y)=sum(W(a,y)*C(a,y)).
Figure 3.2.d. NEA cod final SAM run fit. Total catch in weight. Modelled catches from the final run and point wise 95% confidence intervals are shown by line and shaded area. The yearly observed total catch weight (crosses) are calculated as Catch(y)=sum(W(a,y)*C(a,y)).

 

 

Figure 3.2.e. NEA cod. Catchability of different fleets used for final SAM run fit.
Figure 3.2.e. NEA cod. Catchability of different fleets used for final SAM run fit.

 

 

Figure 3.3. NEA cod cannibalism mortality vs. capelin abundance.
Figure 3 .3. NEA cod cannibalism mortality vs. capelin abundance.

 

Figure 3.4. Northeast Arctic cod. Fishing mortality (F5-10) (top panel) and standardized CPUE on Russian trawl fishery for 9 main vessel types (bottom panel) (Kovalev, WD1).
Figure 3. 4 . Northeast Arctic cod. Fishing mortality (F5-10) (top panel) and standardized CPUE on Russian trawl fishery for 9 main vessel types (bottom panel) (Kovalev, WD1).

 

Figure 3.5. od CPUE in Norwegian trawl catches where cod is the main species (double and single trawl, Nedreaas WD2). Connected line shows mean, line inside the box shows the median, and the box shows 25 and 75 percentiles.
Figure 3. 5 . od CPUE in Norwegian trawl catches where cod is the main species (double and single trawl, Nedreaas WD2). Connected line shows mean, line inside the box shows the median, and the box shows 25 and 75 percentiles.

 

Figure 3.6.a. Residuals of the TISVPA data approximation (yellow circles are positive residuals, white – negative).
Figure 3. 6 .a. Residuals of the TISVPA data approximation (yellow circles are positive residuals, white – negative).

 

Figure 3.6.b. Profiles of the components of the TISVPA objective function.
Figure 3.6.b. Profiles of the components of the TISVPA objective function.

 

 

Figure 3.6.c. TISVPA retrospective runs
Figure 3.6.c. TISVPA retrospective runs.

 

 

Figure 3.7. Model comparison. TSB (total stock biomass, age 3+), SSB recruitment and F in SAM and TISVPA
Figure 3. 7 . Model comparison. TSB (total stock biomass, age 3+), SSB recruitment and F in SAM and TISVPA.

 

Figure 3.8. Medium term prediction of NEA cod stock dynamics and TAC according to HCR based on assessments of current year and previous year.
Figure 3. 8 . Medium term prediction of NEA cod stock dynamics and TAC according to HCR based on assessments of current year and previous year.
Year Norway Single trawl Norway double trawl Russian 2 trawl fishery for 9 main vessel types 4
1980     0.68
1981 1.21   0.82
198 2 1.09   0.59
1983 1.11   0.51
1984 0.96   0.51
1985 1.29   1.28
1986 1.70   1.30
1987 1.77   1.17
1988 1.03   0.88
1989 0.76   0.86
1990 0.49   0.99
1991 0.44   1.22
1992 1.29   1.12
1993 1.87   1.40
1994 1.59   1.39
1995 1.92   1.20
1996 1.81   1.17
1997 1.36   0.87
1998 0.83   0.57
1999 0.74   0.50
2000 0.92   0.60
2001 1.21   0.72
2002 1.35   0.84
2003 1.67   0.98
2004 1.67   0.72
2005 1.23   0.58
2006 0.88   0.61
2007 1.16   0.73
200 8     1.00
2009     1.40
2010     1.75
2011 4.87 3 3.43 2.27
2012 6.97 3 4.21 2.16
201 3 4.96 3 4.21 1.96
201 4 5.75 3 4.47 2.20
2015 4.54 3 2.62 1.50
2016 3.64 3 2.90 1.35
201 7 3.01 3 2.53 1.31
2018 3.20 3 2.57 1.34
2019 3.02 3 2.44 1.33
2020 3.38 3 2.56 1.18
2021 2.51 3 1.93 1.04
2022 2.04 3 1.87 0.89
2023 1.66 3 1.78 0.74
2024 1 1.92 3 1.86 0.65
Table A1. North-East Arctic COD. Catch per unit effort.

1 Preliminary figures.

2 USSR prior to 1991.

3 2011-2024 Norwegian data on t per hour fishing are not comparable to data from previous year

4 standardized by GLM method (WD 1 )

        Age                              
Year   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15+ 10+ Total 12+
1981   8.00 82.00 40.00 63.00 106.00 103.00 16.00 3.00 1.00             1.00 423.0  
1982   4.00 5.00 49.00 43.00 40.00 26.00 28.00 2.00 +             0.00 197.0  
1983   60.49 2.78 5.34 14.27 17.37 11.13 5.58 2.98 0.45             0.06 120.5  
1984   745.44 146.11 39.13 13.59 11.26 7.44 2.81 0.19 0.02             0.00 966.0  
1985   69.06 446.29 153.04 141.59 19.66 7.58 3.32 0.22 0.09             0.04 840.9  
1986   353.63 243.90 499.61 134.27 65.90 8.28 2.15 0.37 0.06             0.02 1308.2  
1987   1.62 34.07 62.80 204.93 41.41 10.40 1.22 0.19 0.66             0.00 357.3  
1988   1.98 26.25 50.42 35.53 56.20 6.48 1.35 0.15 0.01             0.00 178.4  
1989   7.53 7.98 17.00 34.39 21.38 53.82 6.88 0.97 0.10             0.05 150.1  
1990   81.13 24.92 14.82 20.63 26.08 24.30 39.78 2.37 0.06             0.03 234.1  
1991   181.04 219.51 50.23 34.64 29.33 28.87 16.89 17.33 0.86             0.03 578.7  
1992   241.38 562.13 176.48 65.79 18.84 13.23 7.58 4.50 2.78             0.21 1092.9  
1993   1074.04 494.68 357.24 191.05 108.24 20.84 8.12 4.98 2.25             2.51 2264.0  
1994   902.64 624.38 323.88 374.47 205.53 70.24 13 3.59 2.6 0.71 1.15 0.11 0.13 NA 0   2522.4 0.24
1995   2175.25 212.29 137.74 139.49 197.08 66.38 15.73 2.43 0.91 0.32 0.48 0.17 NA NA 0   2948.3 0.17
1996   1826.33 271.71 99.4 89.62 111.34 82.96 22.17 2.22 0.3 0.1 0.07 0.05 0.1 0.01 0   2506.4 0.16
1997   1698.49 565.31 158.57 44.22 49.91 40.91 23.48 5.02 0.84 0.27 0.09 NA NA 0.01 0   2587.1 0.01
1998   2523.56 475.15 391.16 189.79 44.87 41.22 27.85 16.06 1.81 0.5 0.04 NA NA NA 0.06   3712.1 0.06
1999   364.84 231.51 147.62 130.29 52.03 11.93 6.94 4.13 1.47 0.24 0.01 0.03 0.01 NA 0   951.1 0.04
2000   153.42 262.81 294.83 167.25 145.55 50.75 11.33 4.7 2.75 0.85 0.18 0.11 0.03 NA 0   1094.6 0.14
2001   363.55 51.45 177.44 160.63 80.8 44.47 11.1 1.73 0.46 0.19 0.08 NA NA NA 0.01   891.9 0.01
2002   19.22 209.1 61.37 106.23 98.78 52.18 20.07 2.9 0.32 0.52 0.09 NA NA NA 0.02   570.8 0.02
2003   1505 52.53 306.71 116.8 124.62 116.52 37.69 10.05 1.93 0.31 0.07 NA 0.08 0.07 0   2272.4 0.15
2004   161.2 117.19 33.41 85.21 32.96 28.03 18.14 5.33 1.16 0.31 0.08 0 0.01 NA 0   483.0 0.01
2005   499.71 138.66 125.03 33.28 65.94 21.21 15.02 4.95 1.01 0.25 0.05 0.07 0.05 0.03 0   905.3 0.15
2006   411.21 157.95 64.77 53.82 18.35 29.52 9.5 4.9 1.28 0.2 0.13 0.3 NA NA 0   751.9 0.3
2007   85.13 47.09 58.49 30.4 29.35 9.04 18.07 6.41 2.67 0.53 0.24 0.07 NA NA 0   287.5 0.07
2008   50.87 94.2 199.85 288.71 116.17 72.91 21.82 14.43 2.8 0.81 0.04 0.01 0.01 NA 0   862.6 0.02
2009   204.9 25.46 107.83 182.54 138.08 41.48 13.87 4.69 4.32 0.5 0.14 0.02 0.01 NA 0   723.8 0.03
2010   620.25 43.56 22.82 87.98 160.16 154.39 44.56 14.57 3.9 2.89 0.94 0.11 0.12 0.09 0.01   1156.4 0.33
2011   266 91 40.36 28.32 65.2 106.97 101.8 19.76 6.11 1.7 0.92 0.25 0.15 0.09 0.02   728.7 0.51
2012   496.49 40.23 82.79 49.38 33.77 72.53 132.31 65.59 8.37 4.39 1.21 0.66 0.47 0.04 0.1   988.3 1.27
2013   313.11 89.17 60.55 84.49 72.18 47.75 98.41 130.54 55.32 5.41 4.02 1.3 0.73 0.2 0.07   963.3 2.3
2014   1758.58 211.04 286.89 124.18 111.14 74.47 39.41 89.89 61.31 22.64 2.56 1.31 0.16 0.05 0.19   2783.8 1.71
2015   1903.54 211.41 138.71 235.58 128.8 140.36 80.55 35.07 53.8 24.38 7.91 0.8 0.13 0.05 0.01   2961.1 0.99
2016   240.8 201.89 56.29 76.91 119.38 64.84 50.17 25.8 13.49 17.83 7.35 2.15 0.72 0.22 0.1   877.9 3.19
2017   439.4 73.3 111.54 42.35 44.25 65.3 35.75 24.31 11.97 4 2.88 3.15 0.67 0.19 0.11   859.2 4.12
2018   2057.6 280.29 109.03 149.94 53.4 54.93 66.09 34.35 10.78 6.27 1.73 2.25 1.5 0.15 0.23   2828.5 4.13
2019   1437.21 362.38 203.63 125.42 144.06 60.98 34.99 37.86 9.64 3.47 0.55 0.32 0.18 0.28 0.24   2421.2 1.02
2020   92.68 157.92 117.32 117.32 81.36 90.6 42.35 26.57 21.41 6.23 1.75 0.67 0.66 0.51 0.89   758.2 2.73
2021   45.92 28.51 64.86 59.08 55.48 38.54 30.80 12.41 6.32 4.67 2.17 0.29 0.18 0 0.21   349.4 0.68
2022   524.71 43.42 29.42 52.98 56.69 47.05 42.94 27.77 7.85 2.44 1.51 0.94 0.18 0 0.28   838.2 1.40
2023   244.43 103.24 28.66 26.54 33.54 33.83 23.81 12.62 7.08 1.58 0.33 0.11 0.04 0.00 0.08   515.9 0.23
2024   328.44 200.98 150.72 50.97 29.34 27.31 28.25 18.83 11.29 3.82 0.43 0.12 0.02 0.05 0.01   850.6 0.20
2025   199.10 106.07 130.40 153.29 54.85 27.37 23.40 19.65 8.96 3.39 0.92 0.33 0.09 0.01 0.01   727.8 0.44
Table A2. Northeast Arctic COD. Abundance indices (millions) from the Norwegian acoustic survey in the Barents Sea in January-March. New TS and rock-hopper gear (1981-1988 back-calculated from bobbins gear). Corrected for length-dependent effective spread of trawl. Data from 1994 onwards corrected for three northern areas and the method of filling in gaps (WD 1, WKBarFar 2021).
        Age                              
Year   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15+ 10+ Total 12+
1981   4.60 34.30 16.40 23.30 40.00 38.40 4.80 1.00 0.30             0.00 163.1  
1982   0.80 2.90 28.30 27.70 23.60 15.50 16.00 1.40 0.20             0.00 116.4  
1983   152.90 13.40 24.95 52.34 43.33 16.96 5.82 3.21 0.97             0.05 313.9  
1984   2755.04 379.11 97.49 28.28 21.44 11.74 4.07 0.40 0.08             0.08 3297.7  
1985   49.49 660.04 166.79 125.98 19.92 7.67 3.34 0.21 0.07             0.05 1033.6  
1986   665.79 399.61 805.00 143.93 64.14 8.30 1.91 0.34 0.04             0.03 2089.1  
1987   30.72 444.98 240.38 391.15 54.35 15.70 2.00 0.45 0.03             0.00 1179.8  
1988   3.21 72.83 148.03 80.49 173.31 20.48 3.58 0.53 0.03             0.00 502.5  
1989   8.24 15.62 46.36 75.86 37.79 90.19 9.82 0.94 0.10             0.07 285.0  
1990   207.17 56.72 28.35 34.87 34.59 20.56 27.23 1.61 0.38             0.03 411.5  
1991   460.45 220.14 45.85 33.67 25.65 21.49 12.15 12.67 0.61             0.02 832.7  
1992   126.56 570.92 158.26 57.71 17.82 12.83 7.67 4.29 2.72             0.22 959.0  
1993   534.48 420.40 273.89 140.13 72.48 15.83 6.24 3.89 2.23             2.36 1471.9  
1994   1043.78 556.68 293.92 307.04 153.33 45.72 7.95 2.61 1.48 0.55 0.55 0.08 0.05 NA 0   2413.7 0.13
1995   5356.43 541.25 282.84 242.36 251.01 76.42 17.98 2.42 1.07 0.5 0.61 0.19 NA NA 0   6773.1 0.19
1996   5899.23 791.62 163.08 117.43 138.59 108.88 24.43 2.64 0.37 0.17 0.12 0.07 0.07 0.02 0   7246.7 0.16
1997   5044.09 1422.92 317.99 68.44 74.26 59.99 26.67 4.85 0.64 0.91 0.08 NA NA NA 0   7020.8 0.00
1998   2490.54 496.48 355.1 166.94 31.67 26.15 17.52 8.16 0.79 0.52 0.04 NA NA NA 0.04   3594.0 0.04
1999   473.04 350.21 188.48 180.75 61.39 12.71 6.81 5.14 1.01 0.26 0.02 0.04 0.02 NA 0   1279.9 0.06
2000   128.57 242.33 245.81 130.03 111.73 26.75 4.56 1.84 1.21 0.33 0.1 0.03 0.02 NA 0   893.3 0.05
2001   712.77 78.03 182.79 195.11 82.9 37.96 9.45 1.17 0.44 0.19 0.04 NA NA NA 0.01   1300.9 0.01
2002   34.11 418.73 118.36 137.56 108.95 45.79 14.4 2.2 0.32 0.18 0.05 NA NA NA 0.02   880.7 0.02
2003   3022.23 65.78 376.7 126.31 93.93 66.88 17.5 4.67 1.02 0.17 0.04 NA 0.02 0.02 0   3775.3 0.04
2004   322.87 242.94 63.88 184.62 53.46 43.24 30.59 6.85 1.65 0.28 0.07 0.01 0.01 NA 0   950.5 0.02
2005   853.43 216.67 248.88 55.06 102.97 22.38 16.36 3.81 0.92 0.3 0.04 0.02 0.04 0.04 0   1520.9 0.10
2006   674.21 289.39 116.49 115.38 28.32 43.42 13.72 5.24 1.36 0.24 0.18 0.18 NA NA 0   1288.1 0.18
2007   594.69 369.74 361.13 127.73 68.51 13.65 23.6 6.82 2.3 0.41 0.11 0.1 NA NA 0   1568.8 0.10
2008   68.83 101.96 194.37 300.59 111.9 40.24 17.34 8.11 1.79 0.36 0.03 0.02 0.01 NA 0   845.6 0.03
2009   389.48 35.59 126.28 196.7 220.23 60.69 17.9 9.02 5.24 0.51 0.17 0.03 0.04 NA 0   1061.9 0.07
2010   1027.59 95.14 36.81 114.25 154.80 144.50 39.56 11.24 3.67 1.60 0.58 0.04 0.02 0.04 0.02   1629.9 0.12
2011   617.18 225.81 85.40 50.37 129.70 138.66 103.51 16.37 4.36 1.20 0.82 0.19 0.14 0.04 0.02   1373.8 0.39
2012   702.97 100.30 75.72 64.59 33.71 90.69 132.58 48.61 9.02 2.26 0.88 0.55 0.44 0.07 0.05   1262.4 1.11
2013   435.72 142.96 68.84 114.09 63.18 40.43 64.54 76.38 33.52 2.22 2.87 0.40 0.35 0.06 0.03   1045.6 0.84
2014   1245.71 191.48 226.85 93.79 88.59 56.39 32.74 53.05 36.19 9.81 1.01 0.95 0.15 0.02 0.08   2036.8 1.20
2015   1642.00 342.76 144.07 228.25 147.29 113.53 74.43 29.22 53.51 18.08 3.38 0.75 0.12 0.07 0.04   2797.5 0.98
2016   312.16 305.57 99.37 135.48 188.31 113.47 72.33 28.56 13.17 16.06 6.77 0.97 0.52 0.17 0.14   1293.1 1.80
2017   644.51 128.92 179.25 62.15 84.54 90.16 37.82 26.33 8.18 3.26 2.61 3.70 0.58 0.17 0.06   1272.2 4.51
2018   2714.35 500.69 139.41 184.78 61.81 64.17 73.88 25.88 9.28 5.87 1.29 2.46 1.23 0.13 0.37   3785.6 4.19
2019   1790.57 559.44 281.57 179.15 221.90 79.65 32.96 38.31 8.15 2.62 0.54 0.24 0.16 0.18 0.12   3195.6 0.70
2020   164.75 273.82 237.73 160.24 131.56 114.88 49.83 24.26 20.44 4.53 1.66 0.93 0.51 0.26 0.73   1186.1 2.43
2021   80.88 34.87 111.50 119.35 112.31 54.28 37.98 13.57 7.27 3.53 1.25 0.42 0.25 0.04 0.32   577.8 1.03
2022   667.82 65.64 51.98 88.68 86.60 66.51 44.60 30.42 5.70 2.29 2.08 1.49 0.16 0.00 0.90   1114.9 2.55
2023   305.40 163.06 41.21 39.82 46.52 43.17 32.24 14.26 7.49 1.58 0.34 0.14 0.06 0.00 0.14   695.4 0.35
2024   377.90 307.04 198.71 63.31 36.21 29.96 28.22 16.15 8.90 2.68 0.37 0.10 0.02 0.01 0.07   1069.65 0.20
2025   165.47 119.23 154.43 168.18 57.63 29.76 23.50 18.97 9.53 3.55 0.85 0.33 0.08 0.01 0.07   751.59 0.49
Table A3. North-East Arctic COD. Abundance indices (millions) from the Norwegian bottom trawl survey in the Barents Sea in January-March. Rock-hopper gear (1981-1988 back-calculated from bobbins gear). Corrected for length-dependent effective spread of trawl. Data from 1994 and onwards corrected - WD 1, WKBarFar 2021.
Year 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12+ Sum
1985 0.68 7.45 12.36 3.11 1.15 1.01 0.45   26.21
1986 2.49 3.30 5.54 2.71 0.16   0.40 0.08 14.68
1987 8.77 7.04 0.23 2.83 0.04   0.03 0.03 18.97
1988 1.57 4.43 2.56 0.05 0.01 0.05     8.67
1989 0.04 13.20 9.73 2.20 0.38 0.12   0.06 25.73
1990 0.13 2.60 27.02 4.85 0.49 0.32     35.41
1991 0.00 5.00 19.83 32.67 2.75 0.19 0.17   60.61
1992 2.74 5.23 20.80 20.87 79.60 4.17 1.61 0.22 135.24
1993 4.87 14.58 17.35 20.22 25.44 41.95 4.74 0.71 129.86
1994 23.78 25.85 10.36 8.21 7.68 3.49 17.53 2.61 99.51
1995 6.49 35.24 12.34 2.27 3.60 2.56 2.15 7.96 72.61
1996 1.41 14.43 24.00 3.65 0.79 0.25 0.80 1.30 46.63
1997 0.40 4.95 27.56 16.50 1.50 0.42   0.75 52.08
1998 0.05 0.30 7.06 11.05 3.24 0.51 0.18 0.02 22.41
1999 0.25 1.92 4.84 14.58 8.42 0.75 0.19 0.10 31.05
2000 3.61 3.85 3.25 2.15 2.23 0.45 0.39 0.05 15.98
2001 4.33 17.61 8.03 0.96 0.33 0.36 0.26 0.09 31.97
2002 2.30 19.11 16.50 6.49 0.83 0.31 0.47 0.01 46.02
2003 2.49 29.56 30.01 13.46 1.90 0.11 0.04 0.02 77.59
2004 1.96 17.52 29.82 16.34 7.67 2.04 0.15 0.68 76.18
2005 3.33 12.93 28.75 13.06 6.51 1.55 0.06 0.16 66.35
2006 0.20 12.50 8.11 10.98 7.42 2.12 0.16 0.66 42.14
2007 1.46 3.88 28.52 8.69 5.35 2.80 0.68 0.36 51.72
2008 0.45 5.96 2.95 20.72 2.70 2.02 1.66 0.71 37.17
2009 3.42 14.48 27.64 8.10 22.31 3.07 1.56 0.37 80.95
2010 0.96 20.06 16.98 16.84 6.89 9.61 3.05 2.60 76.96
2011 2.01 51.73 170.09 44.72 17.16 5.12 6.54 0.40 297.76
2012 0.46 12.56 91.58 67.75 17.30 5.98 2.59 1.53 199.76
2013 0.22 5.89 33.69 101.76 106.39 16.08 7.05 6.48 277.56
2014 0.25 2.82 15.49 58.75 112.10 75.33 12.07 8.82 285.62
2015 0.87 1.40 15.42 14.73 42.98 44.20 24.62 11.75 155.97
2016 0.24 1.46 9.05 14.53 22.06 38.65 27.06 25.45 138.51
2017 0.17 7.51 12.84 21.94 14.79 12.70 11.67 18.84 100.46
2018 0.61 3.28 11.11 11.21 8.44 7.82 4.42 9.60 56.50
2019 0.25 2.35 13.34 36.00 17.68 18.35 5.96 9.93 103.87
2020 0.58 3.17 7.75 24.37 28.05 13.28 6.66 5.29 89.15
2021 0.34 1.68 6.13 3.90 5.04 9.68 5.99 2.77 35.53
2022 0.31 3.34 4.58 6.70 3.77 4.39 3.75 2.53 29.37
2023 0.08 0.72 4.01 5.73 6.45 1.66 1.40 1.28 21.34
2024 0.55 1.31 2.10 7.63 7.23 2.12 0.68 0.00 21.62
2025 0.00 0.13 0.68 1.64 1.98 0.53 0.57 0.19 5.73
Table A4. North East Arctic COD. Abundance at age (millions) from the Norwegian acoustic survey on the spawning grounds off Lofoten in March-April.
Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
1981 17.0 26.1 35.5 44.7 52.0 61.3 69.6 77.9            
1982 14.8 25.8 37.6 46.3 54.7 63.1 70.8 82.9            
1983 12.8 27.6 34.8 45.9 54.5 62.7 73.1 78.6            
1984 14.2 28.4 35.8 48.6 56.6 66.2 74.1 79.7            
1985 16.5 23.7 40.3 48.7 61.3 71.1 81.2 85.7            
1986 11.9 21.6 34.4 49.9 59.8 69.4 80.3 93.8            
1987 13.9 21.0 31.8 41.3 56.3 66.3 77.6 87.9            
1988 15.3 23.3 29.7 38.7 47.6 56.8 71.7 79.4            
1989 12.5 25.4 34.7 39.9 46.8 56.2 67.0 83.3            
1990 14.4 27.9 39.4 47.1 53.8 60.6 68.2 79.2            
1991 13.6 27.2 41.6 51.7 59.5 67.1 72.3 77.6            
1992 13.2 23.9 41.3 49.9 60.2 68.4 76.1 82.8            
1993 11.3 20.3 35.9 50.8 59.0 68.2 76.8 85.8            
1994 11.3 17.9 30.2 44.6 55.2 65.7 73.9 78.9 87.4 97.2 97.6 104.7 122.4  
1995 12.2 18.1 29.0 42.2 53.9 63.9 75.4 80.4 85.9 99.1 90.1 109.0    
1996 12.1 18.8 28.8 40.5 49.4 60.9 71.8 85.1 92.4 94.9 96.1 104.2 103.9 121.0
1997 10.8 16.9 29.7 41.0 50.6 59.4 69.6 81.2 92.3 80.4 103.2      
1998 10.5 17.8 30.8 40.9 50.9 58.5 67.7 76.7 87.2 103.0 111.4   105.9  
1999 12.0 18.4 29.0 40.0 50.4 59.4 70.4 78.4 88.5 87.6 117.0 62.0 108.0  
2000 12.8 20.7 28.4 39.7 51.5 61.4 70.4 76.3 84.9 84.3 100.0 116.2 90.0  
2001 11.6 22.6 33.0 41.2 52.2 63.3 70.4 78.3 86.0 95.7 104.7      
2002 12.0 19.6 28.9 43.6 52.1 61.9 71.4 79.5 91.2 89.7 103.7      
2003 11.4 18.1 29.1 39.7 53.4 61.7 70.6 80.8 89.1 90.1 105.4   104.3 110.5
2004 10.6 18.4 31.7 40.6 51.7 61.6 68.6 79.7 90.9 90.4 92.2 116.0 112.0  
2005 11.2 18.3 29.5 43.4 51.1 60.4 71.0 79.6 89.0 96.4 109.3 113.7 129.6 107.0
2006 12.0 19.4 30.9 42.1 53.8 60.3 66.7 76.7 84.9 98.9 95.4 84.9    
2007 13.2 20.7 29.6 41.1 52.8 62.5 70.4 78.2 87.5 92.7 101.8 121.6 110.0  
2008 12.1 22.3 33.0 43.2 51.8 64.0 69.9 81.3 88.7 95.3 108.9 103.0 102.0  
2009 11.2 21.1 32.1 42.6 53.2 61.9 76.6 81.8 89.5 97.8 99.5 94.2 110.0  
2010 11.2 18.4 31.4 42.7 52.4 60.7 70.5 80.4 88.8 96.3 102.2 99.8 100.8 126.0
2011 11.9 19.5 29.4 41.9 51.0 60.7 68.1 78.3 86.1 95.4 102.2 110.4 114.3 116.9
2012 10.6 18.4 29.7 41.0 52.4 58.1 66.5 75.6 86.0 91.8 105.9 114.0 119.0 115.5
2013 11.2 19.3 31.1 41.1 51.7 62.0 69.7 76.5 81.2 95.3 93.7 110.7 110.8 145.0
2014 9.7 17.1 29.5 40.5 52.0 59.6 70.2 76.8 81.8 87.1 97.4 98.9 107.8 91.1
2015 10.5 15.9 30.0 40.3 51.1 60.2 68.8 77.5 81.2 88.7 94.0 101.9 127.5 121.1
2016 12.2 18.3 27.7 40.6 49.8 60.5 68.3 76.6 85.5 86.5 90.5 94.1 112.0 122.5
2017 12.3 22.2 31.2 42.5 51.2 60.5 69.6 75.5 85.2 90.9 96.0 92.6 108.6 108.7
2018 11.2 19.1 32.7 42.4 51.2 61.6 69.0 77.5 83.4 87.6 97.0 99.3 101.8 106.8
2019 11.7 17.5 31.2 42.4 51.0 59.6 69.7 77.0 84.1 87.1 99.3 103.4 104.6 109.8
2020 12.0 17.5 25.5 39.5 50.2 58.6 66.7 74.8 83.0 90.0 93.9 92.4 111.2 113.9
2021 11.6 19.9 26.5 37.4 48.0 58.5 66.7 74.9 84.0 91.7 97.7 102.1 105.8 115.0
2022 10.8 20.4 32.4 39.1 49.3 58.4 68.7 75.3 84.1 92.5 98.2 102.6 113.2  
2023 11.4 19.7 32.3 42.2 50.0 59.1 67.6 75.9 81.7 86.8 104.2 104.1 115.6  
2024 11.3 18.1 30.9 42.2 50.7 59.6 66.7 76.0 80.4 85.9 96.6 99.5 117.0 117.0
2025 11.6 17.3 27.8 41.0 50.4 58.3 67.9 73.7 81.6 86.2 91.8 101.0 108.2 119.0
Table A5. North East Arctic COD. Length (cm) at-age in the Barents Sea from the investigations winter survey in February. Data for ages 1-11 from 1994 and onwards - WD 1, WKBarFar 2021.
Year \ Age 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
1983 20 190 372 923 1597 2442 3821 4758            
1984 23 219 421 1155 1806 2793 3777 4566            
1985 20 171 576 1003 2019 3353 5015 6154            
1986 20 119 377 997 1623 2926 3838 7385            
1987 21 65 230 490 1380 2300 3970 6000            
1988 24 114 241 492 892 1635 3040 4373            
1989 16 158 374 604 947 1535 2582 4906 10943 5226        
1990 26 217 580 1009 1435 1977 2829 4435 10772 11045 9615      
1991 18 196 805 1364 2067 2806 3557 4502 7404 13447        
1992 20 136 619 1118 1912 2792 3933 5127 6420 8103 17705 22060    
1993 9 71 415 1179 1743 2742 3977 5758 7068 7515 7521 10744    
1994 13 56 262 796 1470 2386 3481 4603 6777 8195 8516 13972    
1995 15 54 240 658 1336 2207 3570 4715 5712 8816 6817 12331    
1996 15 62 232 627 1084 1980 3343 5514 7722 8873 9613 12865 12556  
1997 13 52 230 638 1175 1797 2931 4875 7529 5739 10194      
1998 11 52 280 635 1182 1728 2588 4026 6076 11257 14391      
1999 14 59 231 592 1178 1829 2991 4128 6321 7342        
2000 16 74 210 558 1210 1963 3036 3867 5401 6154 10023      
2001 14 106 336 646 1288 2233 3088 4439 5732 8442 11429      
2002 14 67 238 747 1229 2063 3199 4578 7525 6598 12292      
2003 13 61 234 597 1316 2014 2989 4715 6517 7500 12812      
2004 11 59 275 608 1143 1947 2623 4137 6673 7368 8109      
2005 13 61 246 723 1146 1866 2949 4226 6436 8646 12537   24221 11640
2006 13 69 280 669 1420 1970 2641 4260 5914 10179 9439 8328    
2007 19 73 235 639 1302 2190 3039 4411 6394 8056 10826 20104    
2008 15 90 335 798 1399 2442 3235 5210 6981 9641        
2009 13 83 294 704 1302 2065 4067 5087 6874 9460 9511      
2010 12 64 304 700 1296 2033 3162 4743 6562 8984 10315     22766
2011 15 66 246 668 1131 1940 2726 4013 5969 8275 10309 13159 14868  
2012 13 62 252 609 1276 1681 2489 3764 5920 7809 12199 15006 17582  
2013 11 65 269 602 1208 2055 2809 3843 4822 8447 9101 15108 14743  
2014 8 50 246 603 1226 1780 2866 3930 4927 6203 8570 9566 12239  
2015 10 44 242 602 1221 1929 2741 4043 4804 6817 7759 11544 21652  
2016 13 53 200 593 1049 1928 2674 3830 5540 6129 7110 8272 15256 21945
2017 15 102 292 720 1178 1972 3056 3962 5901 7429 9301 8599 12958 14894
2018 12 69 320 688 1228 2062 2803 4154 5409 6632 9156 10510 11810 12443
2019 12 48 273 685 1164 1870 2916 3974 5394 6068 9637 11507 12371 13993
2020 14 44 153 548 1077 1692 2476 3625 5074 6758 8040 8107 14892 15793
2021 14 68 164 462 910 1682 2484 3620 5379 7160 9313 10923 12410  
2022 11 77 311 535 1052 1716 2885 3855 5321 7751 9538 11432 14940  
2023 12 71 316 694 1111 1757 2802 4097 5119 6443 10937 10668 14732  
2024 12 57 289 701 1133 1855 2571 3834 4994 5931 8809 10805 17000  
2025 13 51 217 648 1176 1778 2678 3516 5033 6267 7722 10640 13730  
Table A6. North East Arctic COD. Weight (g) at-age in the Joint Barents Sea winter survey in February. Data for ages 1-11 from 1994 and onwards - WD 1, WKBarFar 2021.
Year/age 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 12+
1985 59.6 71.1 79.0 88.2 97.3 105.2 114.0        
1986 62.7 70.0 80.0 89.4 86.6   105.8       115.0
1987 58.2 64.5 76.7 86.2 88.0   118.5       116.0
1988 53.1 67.1 71.6 94.0 97.0 119.6          
1989 54.0 59.0 69.8 80.8 96.6 103.0         125.0
1990 56.9 65.1 69.2 79.5 83.7 100.1          
1991 59.0 67.3 74.4 81.0 91.3 99.8 85.0        
1992 66.3 68.7 78.3 83.9 89.2 92.2 101.9       127.0
1993 58.3 66.1 72.8 83.6 87.4 92.7 95.4       111.2
1994 64.3 70.6 82.0 87.3 90.0 95.3 92.4       101.4
1995 61.5 69.7 77.8 84.4 92.6 96.7 100.3       99.5
1996 62.2 67.1 75.9 81.0 93.6 100.9 97.4       104.1
1997 63.7 68.6 74.2 83.8 99.9 108.4         109.0
1998 55.0 62.6 70.2 80.0 92.0 98.0 96.7       115.0
1999 52.7 67.0 69.4 78.6 85.8 100.3 102.0       125.0
2000 58.4 66.5 72.6 77.0 83.9 90.6 93.7       112.4
2001 59.3 66.9 73.2 87.1 88.7 102.8 98.5       128.2
2002 58.6 66.0 73.2 80.8 88.2 101.8 91.0       101.4
2003 62.3 65.0 73.2 80.9 88.9 86.4 120.0       122.0
2004 58.8 64.7 71.2 80.1 85.6 97.0 102.6       115.8
2005 56.3 65.4 72.3 76.0 85.3 95.5 110.5       117.8
2006 56.2 63.7 72.6 77.5 82.9 88.3 89.2       116.3
2007 63.0 66.4 72.4 82.5 88.2 99.8 103.7       115.0
2008 63.8 69.1 73.6 80.9 90.0 94.9 94.9       96.5
2009 60.5 69.3 76.5 82.7 88.7 98.8 92.9       111.6
2010 59.9 64.9 73.6 83.3 89.2 96.3 100.8 103.1 118.2 123.0  
2011 57.1 64.3 70.0 79.9 91.2 98.3 101.6 103.6 110.0 102.0  
2012 65.3 65.1 69.9 76.6 85.3 98.7 104.6 103.9 116.2 89.0  
2013 63.6 68.7 73.0 78.4 83.5 90.9 99.1 96.6 103.0 116.8  
2014 55.9 66.0 74.5 77.9 82.8 86.8 93.4 99.1 109.2 116.0  
2015 61.0 66.5 72.9 78.6 83.4 89.0 95.4 99.5 106.1 114.5  
2016 64.0 63.0 74.3 81.1 88.8 93.2 95.5 97.1 103.2 117.1  
2017 58.0 64.8 70.7 81.6 87.3 94.8 98.7 99.4 102.7 106.1  
2018 67.9 67.3 72.9 79.5 89.4 93.6 99.3 104.9 104.3 107.9  
2019 59.9 69.4 74.7 81.4 87.9 93.9 98.1 106.2 111.1 109.8  
2020 66.1 68.3 75.1 81.8 88.9 95.1 96.3 106.0 109.5 109.1  
2021 63.3 66.3 74.3 78.6 89.4 93.3 96.9 103.7 103.1 108.4  
2022 61.4 67.9 72.9 81.0 88.4 96.5 100.1 98.3 99.3 104.0  
2023 60.0 69.1 76.7 80.5 87.1 93.1 99.3 107.2 114.0 120.6  
2024 52.2 64.7 73.5 77.9 81.7 91.3 96.4        
2025 59.0 65.0 73.5 80.6 86.8 91.2 97.2 99.8 97.7    
Table A7. Northeast Arctic COD. Length at age in cm in the Lofoten survey.
Year 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14+ 12+
1985 2.00 3.42 4.61 6.67 8.89 10.73 14.29        
1986 2.22 3.22 4.74 6.40 5.80   10.84       13.48
1987 1.44 1.94 3.61 5.40 5.64   13.15       12.55
1988 1.46 2.82 3.39 6.63 7.27 13.64          
1989 1.30 1.77 2.89 4.74 8.28 9.98         26.00
1990 1.54 2.32 2.55 3.78 4.77 8.80          
1991 2.21 2.52 3.51 5.18 7.40 11.36 5.35        
1992 2.56 2.85 3.99 5.43 6.35 8.03 9.50       17.80
1993 1.79 2.58 3.55 5.31 6.21 7.69 9.28       14.71
1994 2.31 3.27 5.06 6.39 6.64 7.92 7.73       10.10
1995 2.20 3.24 4.83 5.98 7.80 10.03 10.39       10.68
1996 2.22 2.75 4.11 5.63 7.92 10.53 10.58       12.08
1997 2.42 2.92 3.86 5.71 9.65 13.41         12.67
1998 1.88 2.09 2.98 4.85 7.92 9.91 11.05       18.34
1999 1.51 2.80 2.96 4.22 5.92 9.33 9.17       16.00
2000 1.71 2.50 3.16 3.85 5.32 7.07 7.62       12.84
2001 1.90 2.72 3.49 6.23 6.82 10.95 10.29       28.58
2002 1.87 2.57 3.52 4.71 6.18 10.56 8.70       10.48
2003 2.30 2.34 3.48 4.59 5.89 8.07 24.50       27.70
2004 1.74 2.30 3.02 4.50 5.77 7.81 9.95       13.25
2005 1.56 2.40 3.20 3.71 5.79 8.52 16.27       18.63
2006 1.54 2.35 3.44 4.19 5.43 6.57 6.19       18.15
2007 2.34 2.67 3.53 5.30 6.70 9.95 11.24       16.62
2008 2.21 2.97 3.63 4.88 6.74 8.18 7.70       9.07
2009 2.04 2.98 4.10 5.19 6.56 9.38 8.58       15.67
2010 1.90 2.46 3.47 5.13 6.26 7.83 9.59 10.77 18.31 20.84  
2011 1.66 2.28 2.89 4.52 6.82 8.82 9.55 9.08 13.38 10.70  
2012 3.07 2.47 2.93 3.89 5.37 8.79 11.53 12.28 15.04 5.41  
2013 2.49 3.05 3.52 4.46 5.54 7.56 10.26 10.23 11.49 16.61  
2014 1.90 2.52 3.80 4.04 5.06 5.96 7.36 9.01 12.20 16.95  
2015 2.16 2.62 3.42 3.95 5.21 6.53 8.32 9.95 12.45 14.21  
2016 2.53 2.31 3.72 5.05 6.79 8.03 8.93 9.02 12.12 18.46  
2017 2.01 2.52 2.94 4.91 5.75 7.16 8.18 9.10 10.49 11.59  
2018 3.25 2.77 3.41 4.53 6.51 7.94 9.65 12.05 12.04 12.85  
2019 2.12 3.02 3.76 4.81 6.07 7.44 8.71 11.06 13.86 13.40  
2020 2.75 2.79 3.64 4.69 6.06 7.78 8.70 10.86 12.93 13.95  
2021 2.30 2.62 3.76 4.40 6.59 7.39 8.56 10.15 11.821 14.79  
2022 2.61 3.00 3.59 5.01 7.15 8.34 9.34 9.35 9.41 11.63  
2023 1.86 2.94 4.16 4.84 6.00 7.19 9.36 11.88 15.31 17.69  
2024 1.13 2.32 3.95 4.38 5.68 7.16 9.72        
2025 1.44 2.50 3.46 4.59 5.87 7.02 8.41 9.44 8.17    
Table A8. Northeast Arctic COD. Mean weight-at-age (kg) in the Lofoten survey.
Year         Age                
    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10+ Total  
1985 1 77 569 400 568 244 51 20 8 1 3 1941  
1986 1 25 129 899 612 238 69 20 3 2 1 1998  
1987 2 2 58 103 855 198 82 19 4 1 1 1323  
1988 2 3 23 96 100 305 54 16 3 1 1 602  
1989 1 1 3 17 45 57 91 75 25 13 5 332  
1990 1 36 27 8 27 62 74 91 39 10 3 377  
1991 1 63 65 96 45 50 54 66 49 5 1 494  
1992 1 133 399 380 121 56 58 33 29 11 2 1222  
1993 1 20 44 220 234 164 51 19 13 8 10 783  
1994 1 105 38 147 275 303 314 100 35 10 8 1335  
1995 1 242 42 111 219 229 97 21 6 2 2 971  
1996 1,3,5 424 275 189 316 449 314 126 27 3 4 2127  
1997 4,5 72 160 263 198 112 57 27 9 1 1 900  
1998 1 26 86 279 186 57 23 10 4 1 0 672  
1999 1 19 79 166 260 98 20 8 5 2 1 658  
2000 1,rev 24 82 191 159 127 48 6 3 1 1 642  
2001 1 38 59 148 204 120 70 14 2 1   656  
2002 1,5,6 83 2 106 85 140 151 67 30 7 1 672  
2003   69 36 25 218 142 167 163 60 23 4 908  
2004   375 35 170 85 345 194 229 167 49 19 1669  
2005   112 48 65 154 70 214 68 47 17 8 803  
2006 7 12 20 39 49 78 32 64 23 13 8 341  
2007   13 35 165 372 208 189 74 113 32 20 1221  
1 October-December
2 September-October
3 Area IIb not covered
4 Areas IIa, IIb covered in October-December, part of Area I covered in February-March 1998
5 Adjusted for incomplete area coverage
6 Area IIa not covered
7 Area I not fully covered
Table A9. Northeast Arctic COD. Results from the Russian trawl-acoustic survey in the Barents Sea and adjacent waters in the autumn. Stock number in millions.
Year     Age                        
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13+ Sum
1982 849.3 1905.3 33.2 141.3 152.5 72.1 19.8 55.1 17.4 3.7 1.9 1.5 0.1 0.0 3253.3
1983 1872.2 2003.4 73.2 52.0 64.2 50.6 35.8 17.9 25.2 9.4 0 0 0 0 4203.9
1984 363.3 180.5 104.4 118.9 70.0 48.9 35.7 15.4 6.9 6.1 1.7 1.5 0.6 0.2 954.0
1985 284.6 15.6 129.0 118.8 159.2 106.8 36.5 16.5 3.7 0.8 1.6 0.1 2.1 0.0 875.3
1986 329.9 7.6 31.7 162.2 153.2 149.3 48.1 18.9 4.2 0.2 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 905.9
1987 7.7 1.3 46.9 55.7 307.6 90.0 70.1 18.4 6.0 2.5 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.0 607.0
1988 92.5 2.9 31.3 99.3 93.8 287.9 58.3 26.0 4.7 2.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 699.2
1989 355.8 3.0 14.7 49.0 97.8 106.2 145.4 116.7 29.9 11.2 4.7 1.8 0.7 0.5 937.4
1990 1248.4 31.1 51.0 16.7 48.7 62.7 97.2 153.8 67.3 15.3 4.9 0.9 0.2 0.0 1798.2
1991 974.0 64.0 91.1 107.7 48.4 53.2 58.3 68.5 74.7 9.8 1.4 0.3 0.0 0.0 1551.4
1992 1204.8 157.7 151.1 67.5 30.8 23.9 27.3 21.8 17.5 2.5 2.5 0.4 0.0 0.0 1707.8
1993 484.8 38.0 158.6 160.4 113.5 68.1 41.6 35.4 8.7 0.3 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.0 1110.3
1994 1606.6 833.2 69.9 136.3 130.9 101.9 35.4 12.8 4.9 2.1 1.1 0.6 0.2 0.0 2935.9
1995 5703.5 471.9 36.9 58.9 106.5 139.5 84.9 25.1 8.3 1.9 1.8 0.9 0.6 0.0 6640.8
1996 2660.3 396.5 128.5 73.3 78.4 103.5 77.3 34.8 13.2 1.9 0.5 1.2 0.2 0.0 3569.6
1997 1371.4 353.9 135.3 134.2 83.5 61.3 60.2 34.8 11.6 3.2 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2252.4
1998 304.8 276.8 89.6 202.8 136.3 78.8 47.0 25.9 13.0 4.8 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.0 1180.4
1999 266.9 40.1 118.4 158.7 207.2 98.0 30.1 12.3 9.4 4.2 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 945.7
2000 1436.5 37.7 103.6 183.9 128.6 178.6 77.3 11.4 5.2 2.3 0.9 0.4 0.0 0.0 2166.4
2001 321.6 233.8 77.3 122.4 155.7 129.0 106.1 30.4 5.0 1.4 0.5 2.5 1.3 0.0 1187.1
2002 1797.9 26.7 135.6 98.0 147.3 147.3 89.6 60.0 18.2 2.9 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.0 2524.4
2003 489.5 517.5 26.8 124.6 105.7 116.6 120.3 53.5 24.1 4.0 0.9 0.3 0.0 0.1 1583.9
2004 1770.4 158.4 87.5 32.9 157.6 88.0 111.1 77.6 27.9 9.3 2.3 0.4 0.2 0.0 2523.6
2005 2298.0 323.9 61.7 140.8 63.1 183.2 74.4 60.5 24.4 8.8 2.8 0.6 0.1 0.0 3242.4
2006 427.4 52.4 63.2 92.7 161.3 77.7 180.1 66.2 34.2 16.1 4.3 1.7 0.7 0.0 1178.1
2007 177.5 37.0 148.6 257.9 161.7 190.3 84.6 152.5 55.3 22.6 8.6 4.9 1.1 0.7 1303.3
2008 1468.6 45.2 86.3 220.3 308.8 163.5 147.2 83.0 86.3 29.1 11.5 3.3 1.7 0.2 2654.9
2009 1877.7 287.8 21.9 97.4 231.7 368.7 201.6 117.5 62.0 41.3 20.5 6.5 3.2 0.9 3338.7
2010 2210.4 214.9 47.0 33.4 107.0 250.5 371.5 181.7 78.9 39.5 29.9 15.6 5.5 2.0 3587.7
2011 2296.1 125.9 80.0 88.2 50.8 143.2 306.5 330.0 91.7 43.9 17.6 17.5 7.0 3.5 3602.1
2012 1096.0 196.2 45.1 81.5 111.4 83.9 212.2 335.8 187.8 43.2 19.5 4.6 5.7 1.9 2424.8
2013 297.1 654.0 107.6 74.7 117.4 117.7 88.4 234.9 313.2 136.7 30.6 9.2 5.4 4.5 2191.5
2014 909.7 211.0 72.1 139.9 136.8 172.5 148.3 111.1 192.9 129.7 38.3 9.3 3.5 2.0 2277.1
2015 572.9 465.4 51.5 65.7 158.3 174.2 193.2 161.0 92.5 115.8 76.1 24.2 6.5 4.9 2162.0
2016 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA  
2017 4325.9 5257.4 94.5 145.6 88.4 106.3 195.2 123.1 56.7 26.6 12.0 12.0 7.5 2.8 10454.0
2018 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA  
2019 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA  
Table A10. Northeast Arctic COD. Abundance indices (millions) from the Russian bottom trawl survey in the Barents Sea. Total (Sub-area I and Division IIa and IIb).
Year Age      
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1984 15.7 22.3 30.7 44.3 51.7 63.6 73.4 82.5 88.4 97.0 - - -
1985 15.0 21.1 30.6 43.2 53.7 61.2 72.8 83.0 92.8 101.3 - - -
1986 15.2 19.7 28.3 39.0 51.8 62.2 70.9 83.0 91.3 104.0 - - -
1987 - 19.2 27.9 33.4 41.4 59.1 69.2 80.1 95.7 102.6 - - -
1988 11.3 21.3 28.7 36.2 43.9 53.3 65.3 79.5 85.0 - - - -
1989 - 20.8 28.8 34.8 46.0 53.9 61.8 69.8 78.7 88.6 - - -
1990 16.0 24.0 30.4 46.5 54.9 62.5 69.7 77.6 87.8 102.0 - - -
1991 11.5 22.4 30.6 43.0 55.9 64.6 72.8 78.5 87.9 101.8 - - -
1992 11.3 21.3 31.9 50.1 59.8 69.1 78.6 84.0 90.8 97.5 - - -
1993 12.1 17.4 29.1 43.4 52.7 64.3 73.9 81.2 89.1 91.8 - - -
1994 12.2 20.3 26.3 33.7 47.4 58.7 70.6 80.8 90.1 96.1 - - -
1995 11.6 19.8 27.6 33.8 45.2 60.5 71.1 83.5 92.9 99.1 - - -
1996 10.2 20.0 28.1 36.7 48.7 58.9 70.5 80.0 93.6 102.7 - - -
1997 9.6 18.5 28.8 38.2 50.8 62.0 70.5 80.1 88.9 103.5 - - -
1998 11.4 19.0 28.0 36.4 50.5 61.0 70.7 80.3 91.1 102.5 - - -
1999 11.7 19.7 27.9 35.3 51.6 60.6 70.6 78.9 86.8 94.3 - - -
2000 10.7 20.8 30.1 34.7 49.8 61.1 71.6 82.0 88.3 85.7 104.2 - -
2001 10.6 19.4 29.8 37.3 50.4 61.9 71.9 81.4 91.0 98.7 103.8 - -
2002 10.7 19.2 29.9 38.2 52.5 60.4 70.6 82.2 91.3 97.2 104.1 - -
2003 9.8 18.9 28.3 34.9 49.2 62.2 71.0 81.5 92.3 100.9 104.3 - -
2004 9.8 19.6 29.3 38.4 49.1 60.0 70.5 80.0 91.0 98.0 106.0 - -
2005 11.2 19.4 29.7 38.5 48.7 59.3 69.3 79.2 87.7 96.1 104.4 - -
2006 13.0 21.9 31.6 42.7 53.2 60.1 70.2 79.1 88.3 95.2 107.7 - -
2007 10.7 21.5 30.8 42.2 53.6 63.7 71.0 79.6 87.3 95.9 - - -
2008 10.2 20.0 30.3 40.2 53.7 64.5 74.6 82.7 89.5 98.2 102.3 110.2 111.9
2009 12.9 19.3 29.5 38.4 50.7 61.5 70.7 81.7 89.9 94.7 101.8 105.9 109.4
2010 11.1 19.3 28.7 38.5 48.9 59.1 68.0 78.4 88.2 97.3 102.5 108.4 117.7
2011 11.2 20.3 29.2 38.5 49.5 58.6 68.7 78.2 90.0 97.9 106.9 109.3 116.0
2012 11.0 20.3 31.1 40.8 50.8 60.7 68.4 77.6 87.4 97.7 105.2 111.7 116.6
2013 9.5 19.5 29.0 40.3 50.4 59.3 67.3 75.3 84.4 95.3 104.5 111.9 119.4
2014 10.1 20.1 29.8 39.2 50.7 60.9 69.4 77.9 85.1 93.6 102.7 113.3 122.8
2015 11.5 19.0 28.5 37.5 48.0 58.4 67.4 76.3 83.5 91.0 98.8 107.1 117.9
2016 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
2017 15 21 31 40 52 59 67 76 85 92.6 97.9 104 110.1
2018 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
2019 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Table A11. Northeast Arctic COD. Length-at-age (cm) from Russian surveys in November-December.
  Age    
Year    
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1984 26 90 250 746 1187 2234 3422 5027 6479 9503 - - -
1985 26 80 245 762 1296 1924 3346 5094 7360 6833 11167 - -
1986 25 63 191 506 1117 1940 2949 4942 7406 9300 - - -
1987 - 54 182 316 672 1691 2688 3959 8353 10583 13107 - -
1988 15 78 223 435 789 1373 2609 4465 5816 - - - -
1989 - 73 216 401 928 1427 2200 3133 4649 6801 8956 - -
1990 28 106 230 908 1418 2092 2897 4131 6359 10078 13540 - -
1991 26 93 260 743 1629 2623 3816 4975 7198 11165 15353 - -
1992 10 76 273 1165 1895 2971 4377 5596 7319 9452 12414 - -
1993 11 46 211 717 1280 2293 3509 4902 6621 7339 8494 - -
1994 12 69 153 316 919 1670 2884 4505 6520 8207 9812 - -
1995 11 61 180 337 861 1987 3298 5427 7614 9787 10757 - -
1996 7 64 191 436 1035 1834 3329 5001 8203 10898 11358 - -
1997 6 48 203 487 1176 2142 3220 4805 6925 10823 12426 - -
1998 11 55 187 435 1186 2050 3096 4759 7044 11207 12593 - -
1999 10 58 177 371 1214 1925 3064 4378 6128 7843 11543 - -
2000 8 74 232 379 1101 2128 3341 5054 6560 8497 12353 - -
2001 9 58 221 459 1125 2078 3329 4950 7270 9541 11672 - -
2002 8 65 232 505 1299 1964 3271 5325 7249 9195 11389 - -
2003 6 49 205 492 972 1993 2953 4393 6638 9319 11085 - -
2004 6 55 231 543 1079 1798 2977 4110 5822 8061 12442 - -
2005 10 59 223 521 1034 1910 3036 4619 6580 9106 12006 - -
2006 13 72 270 707 1332 1953 2969 4340 6410 8622 12436 - -
2007 10 96 252 669 1344 2277 3140 4691 6178 8567 10014 - -
2008 7 58 228 558 1332 2305 3527 5001 6519 8848 10339 13276 15196
2009 15 54 214 495 1116 2024 3090 4876 6592 8087 10262 11472 13268
2010 9 54 191 794 989 1784 2719 4246 6384 8747 10499 12117 14199
2011 10 63 206 486 1037 1691 2827 4312 6698 8979 11557 12915 15694
2012 9 62 237 561 1087 1877 2688 3974 5930 8495 11000 13377 14826
2013 5 55 202 546 1062 1718 2541 3667 5258 7821 10509 13161 16581
2014 7 64 221 508 1079 1849 2734 3994 5418 7480 10100 14163 18404
2015 11 55 198 452 947 1735 2588 3728 5081 6827 8877 11623 15626
2016 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
2017 22 69 248 571 1150 1771 2539 3819 5426 7554 9236 11220 13536
2018 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
2019 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Table A12. Northeast Arctic COD. Weight (g) at age from Russian surveys in November-December.
            Age                
Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13+ 12+
1985 69.1 446.3 153.0 141.6 20.4 15.1 15.7 3.3 1.3 1.0 0.5 na na 0.0
1986 353.6 243.9 499.6 134.3 68.4 11.6 7.7 3.1 0.3 0.0 0.4 na na 0.1
1987 1.6 34.1 62.8 204.9 50.2 17.4 1.4 3.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 na na 0.0
1988 2.0 26.3 50.4 35.5 57.8 10.9 4.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 na na 0.0
1989 7.5 8.0 17.0 34.4 21.4 67.0 16.6 3.2 0.5 0.2 0.0 na na 0.1
1990 81.1 24.9 14.8 20.6 26.2 26.9 66.8 7.3 0.6 0.3 0.0 na na 0.0
1991 181.0 219.5 50.2 34.6 29.3 33.9 36.7 50.0 3.7 0.2 0.2 na na 0.0
1992 241.4 562.1 176.5 65.8 21.5 18.4 28.4 25.4 82.4 4.3 1.7 na na 0.2
1993 1074.0 494.7 357.2 191.1 113.1 35.4 25.5 25.2 27.7 44.2 4.9 na na 0.8
1994 902.6 624.4 323.9 374.5 229.3 96.1 23.4 11.8 10.3 4.2 18.7 na na 2.9
1995 2175.3 212.3 137.7 139.5 203.6 101.6 28.1 4.7 4.5 2.9 2.6 na na 8.1
1996 1826.3 271.7 99.4 89.6 112.8 97.4 46.2 5.9 1.1 0.4 0.9 na na 1.5
1997 1698.5 565.3 158.6 44.2 50.3 45.9 51.0 21.5 2.3 0.7 0.1 na na 0.8
1998 2523.6 475.2 391.2 189.8 44.9 41.5 34.9 27.1 5.1 1.0 0.2 na na 0.1
1999 364.8 231.5 147.6 130.3 52.3 13.9 11.8 18.7 9.9 1.0 0.2 na na 0.1
2000 153.4 262.8 294.8 167.3 149.2 54.6 14.6 6.9 5.0 1.3 0.6 na na 0.2
2001 363.6 51.5 177.4 160.6 85.1 62.1 19.1 2.7 0.8 0.6 0.3 na na 0.1
2002 19.2 209.1 61.4 106.2 101.1 71.3 36.6 9.4 1.2 0.8 0.6 na na 0.0
2003 1505.0 52.5 306.7 116.8 127.1 146.1 67.7 23.5 3.8 0.4 0.1 na na 0.2
2004 161.2 117.2 33.4 85.2 34.9 45.6 48.0 21.7 8.8 2.4 0.2 na na 0.7
2005 499.7 138.7 125.0 33.3 69.3 34.1 43.8 18.0 7.5 1.8 0.1 na na 0.3
2006 411.2 158.0 64.8 53.8 18.6 42.0 17.6 15.9 8.7 2.3 0.3 na na 1.0
2007 85.1 47.1 58.5 30.4 30.8 12.9 46.6 15.1 8.0 3.3 0.9 na na 0.4
2008 50.9 94.2 199.9 288.7 116.6 78.9 24.8 35.2 5.5 2.8 1.7 na na 0.7
2009 204.9 25.5 107.8 182.5 141.5 56.0 41.5 12.8 26.6 3.6 1.7 na na 0.4
2010 620.3 43.6 22.8 88.0 161.4 175.0 61.8 31.4 10.8 12.5 4.0 2.0 0.9 2.9
2011 266.0 91.0 40.4 28.3 67.4 159.5 272.7 64.5 23.3 6.8 7.5 0.4 0.5 0.9
2012 496.5 40.2 82.8 49.4 34.4 89.5 226.6 133.5 25.7 10.4 3.8 1.8 1.0 2.8
2013 313.1 89.2 60.6 84.5 72.4 54.1 133.6 233.8 161.7 21.5 11.1 5.5 3.2 8.8
2014 1758.6 211.0 286.9 124.2 111.5 77.7 55.3 149.0 173.9 98.0 14.6 6.8 3.8 10.5
2015 1903.5 211.4 138.7 235.6 130.0 144.2 96.4 49.8 96.9 68.6 32.5 6.6 6.1 12.7
2016 240.8 201.9 56.3 76.9 119.9 66.4 59.4 40.9 35.6 56.5 34.4 17.6 11.0 28.6
2017 439.4 73.3 111.5 42.4 44.4 74.2 48.6 48.4 26.8 16.7 14.6 15.1 7.8 23.0
2018 2057.6 280.3 109.0 149.9 54.0 58.4 77.5 45.6 19.3 14.1 6.1 6.0 7.8 13.7
2019 1437.2 362.4 203.6 125.4 144.6 63.9 49.3 73.9 27.3 21.8 6.5 2.9 8.1 11.1
2020 92.7 157.9 117.3 117.3 81.9 94.3 50.6 50.9 49.5 19.5 8.4 2.6 5.4 8.0
2021 45.9 28.5 64.9 59.1 55.8 40.2 36.9 16.3 11.4 14.3 8.2 1.9 1.6 3.4
2022 524.7 43.4 29.4 53.0 57.0 50.4 47.5 34.5 11.6 6.8 5.3 2.2 1.8 3.9
2023 244.4 103.2 28.7 26.5 33.6 34.6 27.8 18.3 13.5 3.2 1.7 0.8 0.7 1.5
2024 328.4 201.0 150.7 51.0 29.9 28.6 30.4 26.5 18.5 5.9 1.1 0.1 0.1 0.2
2025 199.0 106.1 130.4 153.3 54.9 27.5 24.1 21.3 10.9 3.9 1.5 0.5 0.2 0.7
Table A13. Northeast Arctic COD. Sum of acoustic abundance estimates (millions) in the Joint winter Barents Sea survey (Table A2) and the Norwegian Lofoten acoustic survey (Table A4).
Year 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13+
2004 543.0 330.6 329.7 147.7 421.5 150.2 79.8 40.2 10.1 2.2 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1
2005 180.2 440.7 146.6 216.6 55.8 100.9 28.0 15.6 5.7 1.2 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.1
2006 276.0 479.0 509.7 186.1 205.6 59.9 69.8 17.6 8.1 2.6 0.6 0.2 0.0 0.0
2007 101.0 333.3 505.4 586.2 159.2 79.1 24.6 26.9 6.0 2.2 0.9 0.1 0.2 0.0
2008 483.4 130.9 372.6 652.6 483.4 132.3 51.1 12.8 17.5 3.3 0.9 0.2 0.2 0.2
2009 903.3 569.7 93.5 202.3 280.6 289.6 101.7 31.9 12.7 7.3 2.6 0.8 0.3 0.2
2010 652.6 310.3 84.2 56.8 177.0 397.2 424.9 142.7 38.5 10.5 6.8 1.6 0.3 0.3
2011 2083.0 509.8 160.0 123.6 101.5 240.2 300.4 178.4 32.3 7.7 1.8 1.3 0.6 0.3
2012 1412.7 1454.3 255.9 229.1 146.4 70.0 150.8 165.2 84.5 12.7 4.4 1.6 1.4 0.6
2013 2281.8 914.2 659.0 249.1 183.6 125.7 63.2 118.2 130.2 53.8 9.1 3.3 1.5 0.9
2014 2445.2 308.2 155.1 190.0 108.6 93.9 52.8 30.4 50.2 36.3 12.1 3.4 1.0 1.4
2014 * 2445.2 339.0 184.0 226.3 122.2 103.4 67.7 42.1 81.3 78.9 28.1 4.7 1.3 1.5
2015 350.9 725.3 154.0 174.4 225.2 141.3 72.6 48.6 26.2 35.3 26.6 7.9 1.7 1.0
2016 1164.8 350.8 341.3 77.2 93.7 121.6 70.1 44.4 27.2 13.8 13.2 5.4 1.7 1.4
2017 2316.3 757.5 260.6 375.0 141.5 104.9 120.9 62.6 28.0 11.2 6.4 4.4 4.5 2.7
2018* 1841.2 2100.3 413.8 183.6 148.9 60.0 37.6 57.1 20.2 14.4 5.8 3.6 3.5 2.8
2019 313.4 560.2 475.2 416.6 232.3 215.1 76.6 42.2 44.4 16.1 4.9 2.2 1.1 1.8
2020** 115.6 63.5 106.3 139.5 135.6 93.4 82.9 30.8 14.2 10.7 3.1 1.0 0.5 1.0
2021 749.1 62.1 51.2 84.7 99.8 81.1 45.7 33.6 12.4 4.7 5.0 2.4 1.0 0.7
2022*** 399.2 218.2 39.6 25.6 32.8 34.4 33.8 18.6 9.8 2.5 0.8 0.5 0.1 0.2
2023 359.7 322.1 275.2 69.9 40.1 57.1 52.7 45.0 23.3 9.3 2.2 0.8 0.6 0.3
2024 300.9 226.0 237.0 234.4 68.2 46.8 41.0 29.0 14.5 7.7 2.5 0.6 0.2 0.1
Table A14. Swept area estimates (millions) of Northeast Arctic Cod from the Joint Norwegian- Russian ecosystem survey in August-September (2020 data are taken from WD 01 AFWG 2021).

*data adjusted taking into account not complete area coverage

** revised

*** incomplete and unsynoptic coverage

Year 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
2004   30 127 415 823 1464 2448 3266 4608 6323 9444 18331 13830 - 15924      
2005   37 162 428 985 1723 2553 3697 4808 5958 8583 7662 - 8799 -      
2006   39 155 473 1068 1759 2723 3725 5220 6798 10769 8904 9520 - -      
2007   52 173 523 1237 2078 3004 4163 5860 7638 11251 - 12683 - 15529      
2008   39 193 511 1154 1958 3187 4262 5793 7741 9563 12039 11149 16320 -      
2009   29 164 462 989 1614 2453 4034 5313 6334 7595 8221 12001 12040 -      
2010   37 152 470 946 1634 2551 3801 5381 6921 7986 9063 8868 13406 19217      
2011   35 143 419 991 1672 2523 3500 4812 6826 9403 12623 10379 10945 -      
2012   34 149 418 904 1634 2388 3276 4344 6466 8459 9798 11181 14621 10895      
2013   28 129 429 918 1553 2249 3230 4443 5805 8454 9817 12531 14308 17723      
2014   28 148 374 897 1684 2244 3501 4511 5933 7183 7894 11979 7602 13250      
2015   28 149 414 823 1483 2297 3219 4490 5635 6962 8478 12148 10385 15370      
2016   45 162 527 914 1563 2308 3324 4492 6472 7476 8689 10939 7485 16645      
2017   37 185 441 953 1660 2414 3398 4821 5876 7173 8345 9968 12765 12445      
2018   - - - - - - - - - - - - - -      
2019   28 103 386 899 1458 2208 3369 4508 6355 7734 9351 9147 11394 11403      
2020   38 125 343 864 1514 2311 3204 4609 6020 7589 8685 10474 12242 13537 10724 14504 19800
2021   41 200 359 714 1278 2224 3196 4482 6355 7527 9165 10910 12089   15930 17193  
2022*   33 171 499 828 1451 2415 3688 5088 7208 7524 12754 9535       17880  
2023   37 152 584 899 1533 2331 3371 5354 6170 7201 9392 9284 8430 15030      
2024   32 129 443 996 1763 2518 3436 4553 6207 6454              
Table A15. Mean weight at age of cod (g), data from bottom trawls Joint Ecosystem survey. StoX calculations.

*revised

** Biofox value

Year/age 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
1985 0.02 0.171 0.576 1.003 2.018 3.386 4.696 6.636 8.245 10.321 14.290
1986 0.02 0.119 0.377 0.997 1.645 3.010 4.488 6.518 4.218 0.000 13.480
1987 0.021 0.065 0.23 0.49 1.390 2.155 3.913 5.438 0.322   12.550
1988 0.024 0.114 0.241 0.492 0.907 2.116 3.269 4.937 3.635 13.640  
1989 0.016 0.158 0.374 0.604 0.948 1.581 2.762 4.791 8.835 8.582  
1990 0.026 0.217 0.58 1.009 1.436 2.010 2.716 3.995 5.425 8.992  
1991 0.018 0.196 0.805 1.364 2.067 2.764 3.532 4.945 7.401 11.645 5.350
1992 0.02 0.136 0.619 1.118 1.994 2.808 3.975 5.376 6.352 8.034 9.500
1993 0.009 0.071 0.415 1.179 1.745 2.675 3.686 5.399 6.280 7.680 9.280
1994 0.013 0.056 0.262 0.796 1.557 2.624 4.181 5.846 6.675 7.966 7.778
1995 0.015 0.054 0.24 0.658 1.364 2.565 4.124 5.326 7.379 9.895 9.738
1996 0.015 0.062 0.232 0.627 1.098 2.094 3.742 5.586 7.866 10.057 10.502
1997 0.013 0.052 0.23 0.638 1.185 1.918 3.433 5.515 8.889 10.408 12.405
1998 0.011 0.052 0.28 0.635 1.183 1.731 2.667 4.362 7.259 10.577 11.657
1999 0.014 0.059 0.231 0.592 1.180 1.964 2.978 4.200 5.980 8.848 9.642
2000 0.016 0.074 0.21 0.558 1.222 2.001 3.064 3.862 5.365 6.471 8.379
2001 0.014 0.106 0.336 0.646 1.319 2.371 3.257 5.078 6.186 10.084 10.558
2002 0.014 0.067 0.238 0.747 1.244 2.199 3.344 4.669 6.554 8.078 9.277
2003 0.013 0.061 0.234 0.597 1.335 2.080 3.207 4.643 6.206 7.649 17.062
2004 0.011 0.059 0.275 0.608 1.177 2.083 2.870 4.411 5.889 7.752 9.310
2005 0.013 0.061 0.246 0.723 1.166 2.068 3.114 3.852 5.877 8.538 14.573
2006 0.013 0.069 0.28 0.669 1.421 2.083 3.009 4.212 5.501 6.881 7.646
2007 0.019 0.073 0.235 0.639 1.351 2.334 3.340 4.923 6.598 9.649 11.132
2008 0.015 0.09 0.335 0.798 1.402 2.482 3.282 5.015 6.863 8.598 7.822
2009 0.013 0.083 0.294 0.704 1.320 2.302 4.089 5.152 6.611 9.391 8.657
2010 0.012 0.064 0.304 0.7 1.300 2.082 3.251 4.951 6.366 8.095 9.757
2011 0.015 0.066 0.246 0.668 1.146 2.050 2.830 4.367 6.592 8.681 9.647
2012 0.013 0.062 0.252 0.609 1.295 1.792 2.664 3.827 5.551 8.373 11.741
2013 0.011 0.065 0.269 0.602 1.212 2.163 2.988 4.103 5.292 7.782 9.842
2014 0.008 0.05 0.246 0.603 1.228 1.804 3.121 3.975 5.015 6.018 7.575
2015 0.01 0.044 0.242 0.602 1.227 1.936 2.849 4.015 4.981 6.630 8.187
2016 0.013 0.053 0.2 0.593 1.051 1.936 2.835 4.240 6.315 7.431 8.541
2017 0.015 0.102 0.292 0.72 1.181 2.024 3.026 4.363 5.817 7.223 8.405
2018 0.012 0.069 0.32 0.688 1.251 2.099 2.890 4.246 5.893 7.356 9.512
2019 0.012 0.048 0.273 0.685 1.165 1.908 3.139 4.384 5.833 7.221 8.788
2020 0.014 0.044 0.153 0.548 1.089 1.729 2.650 4.133 5.633 7.455 8.566
2021 0.014 0.068 0.164 0.462 0.918 1.721 2.696 3.807 5.916 7.314 8.762
2022 0.011 0.077 0.311 0.535 1.061 1.801 2.953 4.079 5.915 8.126 9.399
2023 0.012 0.071 0.316 0.694 1.113 1.782 2.997 4.330 5.537 6.824 9.661
2024 0.012 0.057 0.289 0.701 1.133 1.876 2.666 3.991 5.262 6.370 9.367
2025 0.013 0.051 0.217 0.648 1.176 1.781 2.700 3.598 5.184 6.370 7.983
Table A16. Mean weight at age of cod (kg), combined data from Joint Barents Sea winter survey and Lofoten survey.

Chapter 4. Haddock in subareas 1 and 2 (Northeast Arctic)

Introductory note

On 30th March 2022 all Russian participation in ICES was suspended. The AFWG report 2025 chapter on haddock was therefore not updated.

In the present report, we have kept the main structure of the NEA haddock chapters in AFWG reports from the last years.

Status of the fisheries

Historical development of the fisheries

Haddock is mainly fished by trawl as bycatch in the fishery for cod. Also, a directed trawl fishery for haddock is conducted. The proportion of the total catches taken by direct fishery varies between years. On average approximately 70% of the catches are taken by trawl. Norway takes about half of the quota with other gear, in particular long line and Danish seine. Danish seine has become more important in the Norwegian fisheries the last 10 years. Some of the longline catches are from a directed fishery, which is restricted by national quotas. In the Norwegian management, the quotas are set separately for trawl and other gears. The fishery is also regulated by a minimum landing size (40 cm), a minimum mesh size in trawls and Danish seine, a maximum bycatch of undersized fish, closure of areas with high density/catches of juveniles and other seasonal and area restrictions.

The exploitation rate of haddock has been variable. The highest fishing mortalities for haddock have occurred at low to intermediate stock levels and historically show little relationship with the exploitation rate of cod, despite haddock being primarily caught as bycatch in the cod fishery. However, the more restrictive quota regulations introduced around 1990 have resulted in a more stable pattern in the exploitation rate.

The exceptionally strong year classes 2005–2006 contributed to the strong increase to all-time high stock levels and high catch levels in the last decade. Their importance in the catches is currently minimal. Currently, the 2017 year-class dominated the catches, with 30% of the total catch in t. The strong 2016 constituted 14% of the catches, the contribution of fish older than eight years of age was negligible.

Catches prior to 2025 (Table 4.1–Table 4.3, Figure 4.1)

The highest landings of haddock historically were 322 kt in 1973. Since 1973 the highest catches observed was 316 kt in 2012. The landings in 2018-2024 were below 200 kt (Figure 4.1).

Provisional official landings for 2024 are about 140 kt, which below the agreed TAC (141 kt) but 11 % above the advice (128 kt).

In 2006 it was decided to include reported Norwegian landings of haddock from the Norwegian statistical areas 06 and 07 (i.e. between 62°N and Lofoten Islands). These areas were not previously included in the total landings of NEA haddock as input for this stock assessment (ICES CM 2006/ACFM:19; ICES CM 2006/ACFM:25).

Estimates of unreported catches (IUU catches) of haddock have been added to reported landings for the years from 2002 to 2008. Two estimates of IUU catches were available, one Norwegian and one Russian. At the benchmark in 2011 it was decided to base the final assessment on the Norwegian IUU estimates (ICES CM 2011/ACOM:38; Table 4.1).

We continue to include the estimates of IUU catches 2002–2008. The IUU catches are assumed to be negligible for the period 2009–2024 and therefore set to zero.

Catch advice and TAC for 2025

The catch advice for 2025 was 107 k t – a 24% reduction from the year before, following the Harvest Control Rule, and a F of 0.35. The Joint Norwegian-Russian Fisheries Commission set the TAC to 130 kt, which is 22% higher than the advice and not in accordance with the HCR. Russia and Norway can transfer the unused part of their own quota, restricted to a maximum of 10% of own quotas from 2024 to 2025. The catch in 2024 was close to the agreed TAC.

Status of research

Survey results

Russia provided indices for 1982–2015 and 2017 for the Barents Sea trawl and acoustic survey (TAS) which was carried out in October–December (FLT01, RU-BTr-Q4). The survey was discontinued in 2018.

The Joint Barents Sea winter survey provides two index series used for tuning and recruitment forecast (bottom trawl: FLT02, NoRu-BTr-Q1 and acoustics: FLT04, NoRu-Aco-Q1). The survey area has been extended from 2014 with additional northern areas (N) covered. The extended area is now included in total and standard survey index calculations for haddock (WKDEM 2020) and is done using the StoX software (Johnsen et al. 2019). Overall, this survey tracks both strong and poor year classes well. The indices from the Joint winter survey of cod and haddock in the Barents Sea are provided in the annual survey reports from this survey (e.g., Godiksen et al. 2025). Due to challenging weather conditions, the coverage in parts of the survey area was lacking. In 2025, the survey did parts of strata 13 and 14 which was strata with the highest densities of haddock, leading to increased unquantifiable uncertainty in the abundance estimates from this survey.

The Joint Barents Sea ecosystem survey provides indices by age from bottom trawl data (FLT007, Eco-NoRu-Q3 Btr) used for tuning and recruitment forecast. At the benchmark in 2011 it was decided to include this survey as tuning series. Tuning indices by age from the Joint ecosystem survey is calculated using the BIOFOX programme (Prozorkevich and Gjøsæter 2014). The survey covered the distribution of haddock well in 2024. The estimates for cod and haddock are provided to the group as an excel file.

The survey indices for ages used in tuning can be found in Table 4.9, and the survey indices used in recruitment forecast can be found in Table 4.16.

Data used in the assessment

Catch-at-age (Table 4.4)

Relevant data of estimated catch-at-age was obtained from InterCatch for the period 2008–2020 and is presented together with historical values from 1950–2007 in Table 4.4. Catch at age from 2021 to 2024, instead of using InterCatch, the same algorithm was realized in Excel. Excel was used for comparison with InterCatch for data 2008-202 0 , and no differences between InterCatch and Excel allocations were detected.

Age and length composition of the landings in 2024 were available from Norway and Russia in Subarea 1, Division 2.a and 2b. Norwegian catch at age data was calculated using StoX-R Eca. International landings data were downloaded from https://data.ices.dk/ except for Belarus that reports directly to Russian authorities. Data was combined in excel as for 2021-2024. The biological sampling of NEA haddock catches is considered good for the most important ages in the fisheries.

Catch-weight-at-age (Table 4.5)

The mean weight-at-age in the catch was obtained as a weighted average of the weight-at-age in the catch from Norway and Russia.

Stock-weight-at-age (Table 4.6)

Since 1983 the stock weights-at-age (Table 4.6) are calculated using the average of the weight-at-age estimate from the Joint Barents Sea winter survey and the Russian bottom trawl survey. These averages are assumed to give representative values for the beginning of the year (see stock annex for details). However, the Russian bottom trawl survey has been discontinued and therefor stock weights-at-age were calculated using a correction factor (WKDEM 2020). Since the benchmark in 2006 stock weight at age has been smoothed (ICES 2006, see stock annex for details).

Maturity-at-age (Table 4.7)

Since the benchmark 2006, smoothed estimates were produced separately for the Russian autumn survey and the Joint winter survey and then combined using arithmetic average. These averages are assumed to give representative values for the beginning of the year. However, the Russian bottom trawl survey has been discontinued and therefore stock weights-at-age were calculated using a correction factor (see WKDEM 2020, see stock annex for details).

Natural mortality (Table 4.8)

Natural mortality used in the assessment was 0.2. For ages 3–6 mortality predation by cod is added (see stock annex). For the period from 1984 and onwards actual estimates of predation by cod was used. For the years 1950–1983 the average natural mortality for 1984–202 4 was used (age groups 3–6). Estimated mortality from predation by cod in this year’s assessment is based on the ‘final run’ cod assessment. The proportion of F and M before spawning was set to zero.

Data for tuning (Table 4.9)

The following survey series are included in the data for tuning, the last age for all surveys is the plus group. Data are lacking (no survey) for FLT01 in 2016, and for FLT007 in 2018 and 2022 (not included due to poor/not synoptic coverage).

Name Acronym Place Season Age Year prior weight
FLT01: Russian bottom trawl RU-BTr-Q4 Barents Sea October–December 3–8+ 1991–2017 1
FLT02: Joint Barents Sea survey–acoustic BS-NoRU-Q1(Aco) Barents Sea February– March 3–9+ 1993–2025 1
FLT04: Joint Barents Sea survey–bottom trawl BS-NoRu-Q1 (BTr) Barents Sea February– March 3–10+ 1994–2025 1
FLT007: Joint Russian-Norwegian ecosystem autumn survey in the Barents Sea–bottom trawl Eco-NoRu-Q3 (Btr) Barents Sea August–September 3–9+ 2004–2024 1

Changes in data from last year (Table 4.6–Table 4.7, Table 4.9)

At the benchmark (WKDEM 2020) it was decided that historic values (1950–1993) of stock weight and maturity should not be updated in the following years. Due to the smoothing procedure (see stock annex) the stock weight and maturity at age back to 1994 are updated every year.

Natural mortality includes cod predation for the ages 3–6. The data from 1984 and onwards are updated every year after the update of the cod assessment. The averages from 1994-2024 are used for the historic period (1950–1983) and were updated and used in the assessment.

Assessment models and settings (Table 4.10)

At the benchmark in 2020 it was decided to continue using the SAM model as the main model.

The SAM configuration was revised during the benchmark in 2020. The main changes to the configuration were to include:

1) age group 3 in the winter survey indices (Fleet 02 and 04),

2) plus group in all survey series (new option in SAM),

3) prediction variance link for the observation variances (new option in SAM, Breivik et al., 2021) 4) correlation structure in observation variance for the surveys (Berg and Nielsen, 2016).

The configuration, settings and tuning of SAM that were decided on during the benchmark (WKDEM 2020) were used in the current assessment. The configuration file is given in Table 4.10 and in the stock annex.

XSA, with revised settings, and TISVPA are both used as additional models for comparison.

Results of the assessment (Table 4.11–Table 4.14 and Figure 4.1–Figure 4.3)

The dominating feature of the assessment is that the stock reached an all-time high level around 2011 due to the strong 2004–2006 year-classes combined with reduced fishing pressure. Since then, the stock has declined (Table 4.11; Figure 4.1).

The estimated SSB for 2025 is at the lowest levels since 2003. The estimate of SSB for 2025 is 149 kt which is above MSY Btrigger = 80kt (Figure 4.1). The residuals and retrospective patterns are shown in Figure 4.2 and 4.3.

Fbar has increased since 2013 and has been over Fmsy from 2017.

Comparison with last year’s assessment (Figure 4.4)

The text table below compares this year’s estimates with last year’s estimates. Compared to last year, the current estimates of the total stock (TSB) in 2024 is 2 % higher whereas the spawning stock (SSB) estimate is 9% higher. Fbar in 2023 was the same as last year’s assessment. Current estimates for 2025 for ages 3- 4 and 8-9 were lower compared to last year’s assessment. The estimates of 5-7 and 10-13+ were higher or identical, contributing the higher 2024 SSB estimates compared to last year’s assessment. Ratios are calculated on original numbers (not rounded as shown in table).

Assessment year, model F (202 3 ) Numbers 2024 (ages) SSB (2024) TSB (2024)
    3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13+    
2024 SAM 0.45 469037 105164 18270 52217 44856 34295 4681 1276 611 321 713 150433 415805
2025 SAM 0.45 427761 100331 25683 57426 51877 30239 4196 1301 610 367 778 163226 424313
Ratio 2025/2024 1.0 0.91 0.95 1.41 1.10 1.16 0.88 0.90 1.02 1.00 1.14 1.09 1.09 1.02

Additional assessment methods (Table 4.15, Figure 4.5–Figure 4.6)

XSA (Figure 4.5)

The Extended Survivors Analysis (XSA) was used to tune the VPA by available index series. As last years, FLR was used for the assessment of haddock (see stock annex), and thus all results concerning XSA are obtained using FLR. The settings used were the same as set in the benchmark in 2015 (WKARCT 2015). At this meeting the comparison confirmed that usage XSA with survivor estimate shrinkage 0.5 gave similar result to the estimates from SAM.

The estimated consumption of NEA haddock by NEA cod is incorporated into the XSA analysis by first constructing a catch number-at-age matrix, adding the numbers of haddock eaten by cod to the catches for the years where such data are available (1984–2024). The summary of XSA stock estimates with shrinkage value 0.5 are presented in Table 4.15. A retrospective estimate for XSA gave same signals as for the main model SAM (Figure 4.5).

TISVPA (Figure 4.5)

The TISVPA (Triple Instantaneous Separable VPA) model (Vasilyev 2005, 2006) represents fishing mortality coefficients (more precisely – exploitation rates) as a product of three parameters: f(year)*s(age)*g(cohort). The generation‐dependent parameters, which are estimated within the model, are intended to adapt traditional separable representation of fishing mortality to situations when several year classes may have peculiarities in their interaction with fishing fleets caused by different spatial distribution, higher attractiveness of more abundant schools to fishers, or by some other reasons. The TISVPA model was presented at benchmark groups for haddock stock (WKARCT 2015, WKDEM, 2020) and it was decided to apply to NEA haddock using the same data as SAM except that natural mortality values from cannibalism were taken from the SAM runs. All the input data, including catch-at-age, weight-at-age in stock and in catches, maturity-at-age were the same as used in SAM. All results of model run presented in WD #5. Generally, the biomass estimates of this model were higher than SAM estimates, which can be explained by different assumptions about catchability of indices. The retrospective pattern for TISVPA shows the same trends as both the SAM and XSA models (Figure 4.5).

Model comparisons (Figure 4.6)

Results from SAM, XSA and TISVPA are compared in Figure 4.6. Comparison of results of SAM, TISVPA and XSA with previous year settings shows that the models estimate similar trends. The TISVPA model is more flexible for settings than the others and taking into account a possible decrease in survey data consistency, it was attempted to do tuning of surveys not at abundance but to age proportions because of the probable change in effective survey catchability.

Predictions, reference points and harvest control rules (Table 4.16–Table 4.21)

Recruitment (Table 4.16–Table 4.17)

SAM was used to estimate the recruitment at age 3 of the 2022 year-class in 2025. The RCT3 program (R version) was used to estimate the recruiting year classes 2023–2024 in 2026 and 2027 with survey data from the ecosystem survey and winter survey (acoustics and bottom trawl). Input data and results are shown in Tables 4.16 and 4.17, respectively.

The text table below shows the recruitment estimates for the year classes 2008–2024 from assessments and RCT3 forecasts (shaded cells). In the most recent years, it is noticeable that the 2018 year-class was less than 50% of the initial RCT3 estimate: The SAM estimates for the following year classes were higher than the RCT3 estimates, the 2020 year class were estimated by SAM to be 75% than the initial RCT3 estimate, respectively.

Year Class   Year of assessment, base model
2011 XSA 2012 XSA 2013 XSA 2014 XSA 2015 XSA 2015 SAM 2016 SAM 2017 SAM 2018 SAM 2019 SAM 2020 SAM 2021 SAM 2022 SAM 202 3 SAM 202 4 SAM 2025 SAM
2008 120 151 155 169 178 89 157 107 109 110 122 117 119 118 117 117
2009 315 320 345 357 363 230 351 294 291 293 356 340 344 335 331 333
2010 188 146 137 146 150 100 133 105 105 106 124 119 120 118 117 117
2011   483 513 482 398 298 397 340 329 332 425 411 415 407 400 402
2012     124 145 104 78 73 79 70 68 75 72 73 73 72 72
2013       394 290 197 235 184 174 177 219 213 215 212 206 207
2014         279 198 247 189 146 148 202 194 198 195 191 193
2015             422 398 333 336 384 368 370 363 353 354
2016               1067 933 930 875 822 831 808 775 776
2017                 577 629 497 442 449 432 414 415
2018                   344 294 154 164 161 154 156
2019                     39 31 38 47 45 45
2020                       95 89 158 164 166
2021                         303 372 514 428
2022                           231 360 532
2023                             387 433
2024                               649

Prediction data (Table 4.18, Figure 4.7)

The input data for the prediction are presented in Table 4.18.

Stock numbers for 2026–2027 at age 3 are taken from RCT3, and abundance-at-ages 3–13+ in 2025 from the SAM assessment.

The average fishing pattern observed in 2022–2024 scaled to F in 2024 was used for distribution of fishing mortality-at-age for 2025–2027 (Figure 4.7). The proportion of M and F before spawning was set to 0.

Input data to projection of weight at age in the stock, weight at age in the catch, maturity and mortality followed the stock annex (WKDEM, 2020).

Biomass reference points (Figure 4.1)

Biological and fisheries reference points for NEA haddock were last set following a thorough analysis as part of the WKNEAMP-2 (ICES, 2016) Harvest Control Rule evaluation in 2016. The revised model developed during the 2020 benchmark produced better fits to the data but only a small change in the reconstructed stock (WKDEM, 2020). A brief analysis at WKDEM 2020 indicated that the reference points from the current model are very similar to the previously estimated values. Given the more thorough analysis at WKNEAMP-2 (ICES, 2016), this is taken as indicating that there was no evidence to deviate from the reference points set in 2016.

At the last benchmark (WKDEM 2020) it was proposed to keep Blim = 50 000 t and Bpa = 80 000 t with the rationale that Blim is equal to Bloss, and Bpa = Blim*exp (1.645*σ), where σ = 0.3. This gives a 95% probability of maintaining SSB above Blim taking into account the uncertainty in the assessments and stock dynamics. BMSY trigger was proposed equal Bpa, Btrigger was then selected as a biomass that is encountered with low probability if FMSY is implemented, as recommended by WKFRAME2 (ICES CM 2011/ACOM:33). Values of reference points compared with current stock values are reflected in Figure 4.1.

Fishing mortality reference points (Figure 4.1)

Biological and fisheries reference points for NEA haddock were last set following a thorough analysis as part of the WKNEAMP-2 (ICES, 2016) Harvest Control Rule evaluation in 2016. The revised model developed during the 2020 benchmark produced better fits to the data but only a small change in the reconstructed stock (ICES WKDEM 2020). A brief analysis at WKDEM 2020 indicated that the reference points from the current model are very similar to the previously estimated values. Given the more thorough analysis at WKNEAMP-2 (ICES, 2016), this is taken as indicating that there was no evidence to deviate from the reference points set in 2016.

There is no standard method of estimating Flim nor Fpa, and ACOM accepted to use geometric mean recruitment (146 million) and Blim as basis for the Flim estimate. Flim is then based on the slope of line from origin at SSB = 0 to the geometric mean recruitment (146 million) and SSB = Blim. The SPR value of this slope give Flim value on SPR curve; Flim = 0.77 (found using Pasoft). Using the same approach as for Bpa; Fpa = Flim*exp(-1.645*σ) = 0.47.

FMSY = 0.35 has been estimated by long-term stochastic simulations. Values of reference points compared with current stock values are reflected in Figure 4.1.

The estimates of cod’s consumption of haddock were revised following the cod benchmark in early 2021. At the AFWG 2021 meeting, the haddock FMSY was checked with the new updated mortality estimates and found to still be valid and precautionary.

Harvest control rule

The harvest control rule (HCR) was evaluated by ICES in 2007 (ICES CM 2007/ACFM:16) and found to be in agreement with the precautionary approach. The agreed HCR for haddock with last modifications is as follows (Protocol of the 40th Session of The Joint Norwegian Russian Fisheries Commission (JNRFC), 14 October 2011):

  • TAC for the next year will be set at level corresponding to FMSY.

  • The TAC should not be changed by more than +/- 25% compared with the previous year TAC.

  • If the spawning stock falls below Bpa, the procedure for establishing TAC should be based on a fishing mortality that is linearly reduced from FMSY at Bpa to F = 0 at SSB equal to zero. At SSB-levels below Bpa in any of the operational years (current year and a year ahead) there should be no limitations on the year-to-year variations in TAC.

As mentioned above Flim and Fpa were revised in 2011. The new values of Flim = 0.77 and Fpa = 0.47 are higher than the previous values (0.49 and 0.35, respectively). In the 2012 meeting of the JNRFC the proposals of ICES were accepted, and the current HCR management is based on FMSY instead of Fpa. This corresponds to the goal of the management strategy for this stock and should provide maximum sustainable yield.

In 2014, JNRFC decided that from 2015 onwards, Norway and Russia can transfer to next year or borrow from last year maximum 10% of the country’s quota. At its 45th session in October 2015, the Joint Norwegian-Russian Fisheries Commission (JNRFC) decided that a number of alternative harvest control rules (HCRs) for Northeast Arctic haddock should be evaluated by ICES. This was done by WKNEAMP (ICES 2015/ACOM:60, ICES C. M. 2016/ACOM:47). Six HCRs for NEA haddock including the existing one were tested. At its 46th session in October 2016, the JNRFC decided not to change the HCR.

Prediction results and catch options for 2026 (Table 4.19–Table 4.20)

The projection shows an increase in SSB from 128 kt in 2025 to 158 kt in 2026 (Table 4.19). TAC constraint F is used for 2025. The TAC set by the Joint Norwegian-Russian Fisheries Commission was 130 kt, which is 22% higher than the advice and not in accordance with the HCR.

Catch options for 2026 are shown in the text table below (weights in tonnes).

Basis Total catch (2026) F ages 4−7 (2026) SSB (2027) % SSB change * % TAC change ** % Advice change ***
Advice basis
Management plan 153 293 0.35 195 888 24 18 43
Other scenarios            
MSY approach: FMSY 153 293 0.35 195 888 24 18 43
F = 0 0 0.00 265 334 6 8 -100 -100
F = F2025 172 237 0.4 0 1 87 7 14 19 32 61
Fpa 197 014 0.47 177178 12 52 8 4
Flim 290 750 0.77 139 065 -1 2 124 172

* SSB 2027 relative to SSB 2026.

** Catch in 2026 relative to TAC in 2025 ( 130000 t)

*** Catch value for 2026 relative to advice value for 2025 ( 106912 t ) )

Detailed information about expected catches by following the HCR in 2026 and 2027 is given in Table 4.20. The forecast covers all catches. It is then implied that all types of catches are to be counted against this TAC.

Comments to the assessment and predictions (Figure 4.2-4.4 and Figure 4.7- 4.8)

The one step ahead residuals did not show strong patterns (Figure 4.2). The leave one out analysis did not result in any large changes to the results (maximum change: 11% larger R3 2025 leave out BS-NoRu-Q1 (Btr)).

The retrospective bias was reduced after the revision at the 2020 benchmark (WKDEM 2020). Mohn’s Rho has increased compared to the years following the benchmark, especially for SSB, but was slightly lower from the assessment of this year, compared to that of last year (Figure 4.3). This year’s assessment, like the assessment of last year, showed a downwards revision for the SSB and TSB and an upwards revision for Fbar4-7 with changes most apparent for the estimates back to 2018/2019 (Figure 4.4).

Retrospective bias (Mohn’s Rho), 5-year peel R SSB F TSB
AFWG 2018 3% 24% 7% 14%
AFWG 2019 5% 18% 7% 7%
WKDEM 2020 (Benchmark) 2% 3% 3% 1%
AFWG 2020 4% 3% 0% 5%
AFWG 2021 1% 6% 7% 3%
JRN_AFWG 2022 -2% 5% -6% 1%
JRN_AFWG 2023 0% 7% -6% 3%
JRN_AFWG 2024 4% 17% -13% 12%
JRN_AFWG 2025 2% 16% -12% 11%

The 2015-2017 year-classes that have dominated the catches are now being fished out and the following 2018-2020 year-classes are weak, so there are few older fish in the stock (Figure 4.8). The 2021 - 2023 year-classes are estimated to be above average, although the precise level of these estimates for the youngest fish are uncertain.

In the forecast, 31% and 37% of the catches in 2025 and 2026 respectively are expected to come from the 2021 year-class. The 2022 year-class is expected to contribute 11% of the catches as 3-year-olds 2025, but a large proportion 3-year-olds are expected to be below minimum catching size. The population average of the 2022 year-class is expected to become larger than 40 cm (minimum catching size) during 2026 and is forecasted to contribute 29% of the catches in that year. However, the prediction is highly dependent on the selectivity (when and where the fishing takes place) and growth of the year-class. In the recent years, the Russian fishery has moved further east, where the growth of the haddock tends to be slower.

A high proportion of the catches in 2025 and 2026 is predicted to be made up by immature fish, implying growth overfishing, this implies that a large proportion of the fish are caught before they reach the optimum catching size. This will result in a significant loss in overall yield.

Also, typically, haddock grows above the minimum catching size during the year they are 4 years old. The selectivity pattern used in the forecast does not currently depend on the expected growth of a cohort and the proportion of fish by age above minimum catching size. The effect on the selectivity pattern of large incoming year-classes should be further explored in future method revision, like what has been implemented for Icelandic haddock (ICES 2025).

References

Berg CW and Nielsen A. 2016. Accounting for correlated observations in an age-based state-space stock assessment model. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 73: 1788–1797.

Breivik ON, Nielsen A and Berg CW 2021. Prediction–variance relation in a state-space fish stock assessment model. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 78, 3650–3657

Fall, J., Wenneck, T. de Lange, Bogstad, B., Fuglebakk, E., Godiksen, J., Høines, E. Johannesen, Å., Korsbrekke, K., Skage, M. L., Staby, A., Tranang, C. Aa., Windsland, K., Russkikh, A. A., and Kharlin, S. 2023. Fish investigations in the Barents Sea winter 2023. IMR-PINRO Joint Report Series 1-2023, 100 pp.

ICES 2006a. ICES Workshop on Biological Reference Points for North East Arctic Haddock (WKHAD). Svanhovd, Norway, 6-10 March 2006. ICES C.M. 2006/ACFM:19, 102 pp.

ICES 2006b. Report of the Arctic Fisheries Working Group, 19-28 April. 2006. ICES C.M. 2006/ACFM:25, 594 pp.

ICES 2011. Report of the Benchmark Workshop on Roundfish and Pelagic Stocks, Lisbon 24-31 January 2011. ICES C.M. 2011/ACOM:38, 418 pp.

ICES 2015. Report of the first Workshop on Management Plan Evaluation on Northeast Arctic cod and haddock and Barents Sea capelin ( WKNEAMP-1) , , . ICES CM 2015/ACOM:60, 27 pp.

ICES 2016. Report of the second Workshop on Management Plan Evaluation on Northeast Arctic cod and haddock and Barents Sea capelin (WKNEAMP-2) , 25-28 January 2016, Kirkenes, Norway. ICES CM 2016/ACOM:47, 76 pp.

ICES. 2015. Report of the Benchmark Workshop on Arctic Stocks (WKARCT), 26-30 January 2015, ICES Headquarters, Denmark. ICES CM 2015\ACOM:31. 126 pp.

ICES 2020. Report of the Arctic Fisheries Working Group (AFWG). ICES Scientific Reports. 2:52. 577 pp.

ICES 2025. Workshop on the assessment and Management Plan Evaluation for Icelandic haddock and saithe (WKICEGAD). ICES Scientific Reports. 7:26. 161 pp. https://doi.org/10.17895/ices.pub.28444499

Johnsen E, Totland A , Skålevik Å , et al. 2019. StoX: An open source software for marine survey analyses. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 2019; 10: 1523 – 1528.https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.13250

Prozorkevich D and Gjøsæter H 2014. WD_02 cod BESS_assessment. AFWG 2014.

Vasilyev D. 2005 Key aspects of robust fish stock assessment. M: VNIRO Publishing, 2005. 105 p.

Vasilyev D. 2006. Change in catchability caused by year class peculiarities: how stock assessment based on separable cohort models is able to take it into account? (Some illustrations for triple‐separable case of the ISVPA model ‐ TISVPA). ICES CM 2006/O:18. 35 pp

WKDEM 2020. Benchmark Workshop for Demersal Species (WKDEM). ICES Scientific Reports. 2:31. 136 pp. http://doi.org/10.17895/ices.pub.5548

Year Subarea 1 Division 2.a Division 2.b un-reported2) Total3) Norw. stat.areas 06 and 074)
1960 125026 27781 1844 - 154651 6000
1961 165156 25641 2427 - 193224 4000
1962 160561 25125 1723 - 187409 3000
1963 124332 20956 936 - 146224 4000
1964 79262 18784 1112 - 99158 6000
1965 98921 18719 943 - 118583 6000
1966 125009 35143 1626 - 161778 5000
1967 107996 27962 440 - 136398 3000
1968 140970 40031 725 - 181726 3000
1969 89948 40306 566 - 130820 2000
1970 60631 27120 507 - 88258 -
1971 56989 21453 463 - 78905 -
1972 221880 42111 2162 - 266153 -
1973 285644 23506 13077 - 322227 -
1974 159051 47037 15069 - 221157 10000
1975 121692 44337 9729 - 175758 6000
1976 94054 37562 5648 - 137264 2000
1977 72159 28452 9547 - 110158 2000
1978 63965 30478 979 - 95422 2000
1979 63841 39167 615 - 103623 6000
1980 54205 33616 68 - 87889 5098
1981 36834 39864 455 - 77153 4767
1982 17948 29005 2 - 46955 3335
1983 5837 16859 1904 - 24600 3112
1984 2934 16683 1328 - 20945 3803
1985 27982 14340 2730 - 45052 3583
1986 61729 29771 9063 - 100563 4021
1987 97091 41084 16741 - 154916 3194
1988 45060 49564 631 - 95255 3756
1989 29723 28478 317 - 58518 4701
1990 13306 13275 601 - 27182 2912
1991 17985 17801 430 - 36216 3045
1992 30884 28064 974 - 59922 5634
1993 46918 32433 3028 - 82379 5559
1994 76748 50388 8050 - 135186 6311
1995 75860 53460 13128 - 142448 5444
1996 112749 61722 3657 - 178128 5126
1997 78128 73475 2756 - 154359 5987
1998 45640 53936 1054 - 100630 6338
1999 38291 40819 4085 - 83195 5743
2000 25931 39169 3844 - 68944 4536
2001 35072 47245 7323 - 89640 4542
2002 40721 42774 12567 18736/5310 114798/101372 6898
2003 53653 43564 8483 33226/9417 138926/115117 4279
2004 64873 47483 12146 33777/8661 158279/133163 3743
2005 53518 48081 16416 40283/9949 158298/127964 5538
2006 51124 47291 33291 21451/8949 153157/140655 5410
2007 62904 58141 25927 14553/3102 161525/150074 7110
2008 58379 60178 31219 5828/- 155604/149776 6629
2009 57723 66045 76293 0 200061 4498
2010 62604 86279 100318 0 249200 3661
2011 86931 99307 123546 0 309785 4169
2012 90141 96807 128679 0 315627 3869
2013 68416 64810 60520 0 193744 4000
2014 61537 58320 57665 0 177522 3433
2015 75195 61567 57993 0 194756 3902
2016 78714 95140 59561 0 233416 3233
2017 94772 75455 57362 0 227589 2987
2018 80902 58522 51853 0 191276 4437
2019 87446 50967 36989 0 175402 2812
2020 98341 57397 26730 0 182468 3196
2021 109914 58006 36823 0 204743 2363
2022 85887 63415 27604 0 176906 -
2023(1 92760 70916 15223 0 178899 -
2024(1 70393 59778 9821 0 139992 -
Table 4. 1 . Northeast Arctic haddock. Total nominal catch (t) by fishing areas.

1) Provisional figures, preliminary catches estimated by JRN AFWG in May 2025

2) Figures based on Norwegian/Russian IUU estimates. From 2009, IUU estimates are made by a Joint Russian-Norwegian analysis group under the Russian-Norwegian Fisheries Commission.

3) In 2002–2008, the Norwegian IUU estimates were used in final assessment.

4) Included in total landings and in landings in region 2.a.

  Subarea 1 Division 2.a Division 2.b Unreported2
Year Trawl Others Trawl Others Trawl Others  
1967 73.7 34.3 20.5 7.5 0.4 - -
1968 98.1 42.9 31.4 8.6 0.7 - -
1969 41.4 47.8 33.2 7.1 1.3 - -
1970 37.4 23.2 20.6 6.5 0.5 - -
1971 27.5 29.2 15.1 6.7 0.4 - -
1972 193.9 27.9 34.5 7.6 2.2 - -
1973 242.9 42.8 14 9.5 13.1 - -
1974 133.1 25.9 39.9 7.1 15.1 - -
1975 103.5 18.2 34.6 9.7 9.7 - -
1976 77.7 16.4 28.1 9.5 5.6 - -
1977 57.6 14.6 19.9 8.6 9.5 - -
1978 53.9 10.1 15.7 14.8 1 - -
1979 47.8 16 20.3 18.9 0.6 - -
1980 30.5 23.7 14.8 18.9 0.1 - -
1981 18.8 17.7 21.6 18.5 0.5 - -
1982 11.6 11.5 23.9 13.5 - - -
1983 3.6 2.2 8.7 8.2 0.2 1.7 -
1984 1.6 1.3 7.6 9.1 0.1 1.2 -
1985 24.4 3.5 6.2 8.1 0.1 2.6 -
1986 51.7 10.1 14 15.8 0.8 8.3 -
1987 79 18.1 23 18.1 3 13.8 -
1988 28.7 16.4 34.3 15.3 0.6 0 -
1989 20 9.7 13.5 15 0.3 0 -
1990 4.4 8.9 5.1 8.2 0.6 0 -
1991 9 8.9 8.9 8.9 0.2 0.2 -
1992 21.3 9.6 11.9 16.1 1 0 -
1993 35.3 11.6 14.5 17.9 3 0 -
1994 58.6 18.2 26.1 24.3 7.9 0.2 -
1995 63.9 12 29.6 23.8 12.1 1 -
1996 98.3 14.4 36.5 25.2 3.4 0.3 -
1997 57.4 20.7 44.9 28.6 2.5 0.3 -
1998 26 19.6 27.1 26.9 0.7 0.3 -
1999 29.4 8.9 19.1 21.8 4 0.1 -
2000 20.1 5.9 18.8 20.4 3.7 0.1 -
2001 28.4 6.7 23.4 23.8 7 0.3 -
2002 30.5 10.2 19.5 23.3 12.5 0.1 18.7/5.3
2003 42.7 10.9 21.9 21.7 8.1 0.4 33.2/9.4
2004 52.4 12.5 27 20.5 11.5 0.6 33.8/8.7
2005 38.5 15 24.9 20.9 13 1.6 40.3/9.9
2006 40.1 11 22 25.3 30.1 3.2 21.5/8.9
2007 51.8 11.1 30.5 27.7 20.4 5.5 14.6/3.1
2008 46.8 11.6 30.9 29.3 24.9 6.3 5.8/-
2009 49 8.8 40.1 25.3 67.1 7.8 0
2010 43.6 19 50 35.7 87 10.4 0
2011 55.8 31.1 61.1 38.9 107.7 14.3 0
2012 58.8 31.3 57.5 39.2 103.2 24.8 0
2013 40.1 28.3 37.7 26.9 52.1 8.1 0
2014 35.2 26.3 32.5 25.8 49 8.6 0
2015 49.1 26.1 34.6 27 48.5 9.4 0
2016 56.4 22.3 62.5 32.5 45.4 14.1 0
2017 65 29.8 50.7 24.7 47.1 10.3 0
2018 51.7 29.2 36.9 21.6 43.2 8.6 0
2019 53.9 33.5 30.4 20.4 31.0 5.9 0
2020 66.7 31.6 35.1 22.3 23.2 3.5 0
2021 81.4 28.5 41.0 17.0 31.0 5.8 0
2022 63.4 22.5 44.7 18.7 22.1 5.5 0
2023 (1 69.6 23.2 51.7 19.2 11.1 4.1 0
2024(1 52.7 17.7 35.9 23.8 4.9 5.0 0
Table 4. 2 . Northeast Arctic haddock. Total nominal catch (‘000 t) by trawl and other gear for each area.

1) Provisional

2) Figures based on Norwegian/Russian IUU estimates.

Year Faroe Islands France GDR (–1990) & Greenland (1992–) Germany Norway4 Poland UK Russia2 Others T ot al3
1960 172 - - 5597 46263 - 45469 57025 125 154651
1961 285 220 - 6304 60862 - 39650 85345 558 193224
1962 83 409 - 2895 54567 - 37486 91910 58 187408
1963 17 363 - 2554 59955 - 19809 63526 - 146224
1964 - 208 - 1482 38695 - 14653 43870 250 99158
1965 - 226 - 1568 60447 - 14345 41750 242 118578
1966 - 1072 11 2098 82090 - 27723 48710 74 161778
1967 - 1208 3 1705 51954 - 24158 57346 23 136397
1968 - - - 1867 64076 - 40129 75654 - 181726
1969 2 - 309 1490 67549 - 37234 24211 25 130820
1970 541 - 656 2119 37716 - 20423 26802 - 88257
1971 81 - 16 896 45715 43 16373 15778 3 78905
1972 137 - 829 1433 46700 1433 17166 196224 2231 266153
1973 1212 3214 22 9534 86767 34 32408 186534 2501 322226
1974 925 3601 454 23409 66164 3045 37663 78548 7348 221157
1975 299 5191 437 15930 55966 1080 28677 65015 3163 175758
1976 536 4459 348 16660 49492 986 16940 42485 5358 137264
1977 213 1510 144 4798 40118 - 10878 52210 287 110158
1978 466 1411 369 1521 39955 1 5766 45895 38 95422
1979 343 1198 10 1948 66849 2 6454 26365 454 103623
1980 497 226 15 1365 66501 - 2948 20706 246 92504
1981 381 414 22 2402 63435 Spain 1682 13400 - 81736
1982 496 53 - 1258 43702 - 827 2900 - 49236
1983 428 - 1 729 22364 139 259 680 - 24600
1984 297 15 4 400 18813 37 276 1103 - 20945
1985 424 21 20 395 21272 77 153 22690 - 45052
1986 893 12 75 1079 52313 22 431 45738 - 100563
1987 464 7 83 3105 72419 59 563 78211 5 154916
1988 1113 116 78 1323 60823 72 435 31293 2 95255
1989 1217 - 26 171 36451 1 590 20062 - 58518
1990 705 - 5 167 20621 - 494 5190 - 27182
1991 1117 - Greenland 213 22178 - 514 12177 17 36216
1992 1093 151 1719 387 36238 38 596 19699 1 59922
1993 546 1215 880 1165 40978 76 1802 35071 646 82379
1994 2761 678 770 2412 71171 22 4673 51822 877 135186
1995 2833 598 1097 2675 76886 14 3111 54516 718 142448
1996 3743 6 1510 942 94527 669 2275 74239 217 178128
1997 3327 540 1877 972 103407 364 2340 41228 304 154359
1998 1903 241 854 385 75108 257 1229 20559 94 100630
1999 1913 64 437 641 48182 652 694 30520 92 83195
2000 631 178 432 880 42009 502 747 22738 827 68944
2001 1210 324 553 554 49067 1497 1068 34307 1060 89640
2002 1564 297 858 627 52247 1505 1125 37157 682 114798
2003 1959 382 1363 918 56485 1330 1018 41142 1103 138926
2004 2484 103 1680 823 62192 54 1250 54347 1569 158279
2005 2138 333 15 996 60850 963 1899 50012 1262 158751
2006 2390 883 1830 989 69272 703 1164 53313 1162 153157
2007 2307 277 1464 1123 71244 125 1351 66569 2511 161525
2008 2687 311 1659 535 72779 283 971 68792 1759 155604
2009 2820 529 1410 1957 104354 317 1315 85514 1845 200061
2010 3173 764 1970 3539 123384 379 1758 111372 2862 249200
2011 1759 268 2110 1724 158202 502 1379 139912 4763 309785
2012 2055 322 3984 1111 159602 441 833 143886 3393 315627
2013 1886 342 1795 500 99215 439 639 85668 3260 193744
2014 1470 198 1150 340 91306 187 355 78725 3791 177522
2015 2459 145 1047 124 95094 246 450 91864 3327 194756
2016 2460 340 1401 170 108718 200 575 115710 3838 233416
2017 2776 108 1810 170 113132 228 372 106714 2279 227588
2018 2333 183 1317 385 93839 169 453 90486 2173 191276
2019 1515 143 1208 204 93860 280 456 76125 1611 175402
2020 1392 96 910 282 88108 45 320 89030 2286 182468
2021 1722 105 1101 365 100673 131 78 98296 2390 204743
2022 1831 164 1101 268 89044 99 138 82364 1897 176906
2023 (1 1993 235 672 296 91325 139 112 81751 2376 178899
2024 (1 1637 188 645 180 71226 0 152 64423 1541 139992
Table 4. 3 . Northeast Arctic haddock. Nominal catch (t) by countries. Subarea 1 and divisions 2.a and 2.b combined. (Data provided by Working Group members).

1) Provisional figures, preliminary catches estimated by JRN AFWG in May 2024., 2) USSR prior to 1991, 3) Figures based on Norwegian IUU estimates in 2002–2008 (see table 4.1), 4) Included landings in Norwegian statistical areas 06 and 07 (from 1983)

Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13+
1950 0 4446 3189 37949 35344 18849 28868 9199 1979 1093 853 867 1257
1951 4069 222 65643 9178 18014 13551 6808 6850 3322 1182 734 178 436
1952 0 13674 6012 151996 13634 9850 4693 3237 2434 606 534 185 161
1953 392 8031 64528 13013 70781 5431 2867 1080 424 315 393 202 410
1954 1726 493 6563 154696 5885 27590 3233 1302 712 319 126 68 349
1955 0 989 1154 10689 176678 4993 28273 1445 271 100 50 30 20
1956 97 3012 16437 5922 14713 127879 3182 8003 450 200 80 60 45
1957 828 243 2074 24704 7942 12535 46619 1087 1971 356 17 40 119
1958 153 2312 1727 5914 31438 5820 12748 17565 822 1072 226 79 296
1959 169 2425 20318 7826 7243 14040 3154 2237 5918 285 316 71 113
1960 2319 3613 39910 70912 13647 7101 6236 1579 2340 2005 497 70 42
1961 362 5531 15429 56855 63351 8706 3578 4407 788 527 1287 67 80
1962 0 4524 39503 30868 48903 33836 3201 1341 1773 242 247 483 28
1963 3 2143 28466 72736 18969 13579 9257 1239 559 409 80 84 212
1964 149 834 22363 49290 30672 5815 3527 2716 833 104 206 235 190
1965 0 3498 5936 46356 40201 12631 1679 974 897 123 204 123 471
1966 0 2577 26345 22631 63176 29048 5752 582 438 189 186 25 30
1967 0 53 15907 41346 13496 25719 8872 1616 218 175 155 75 41
1968 0 33 657 67632 41267 7748 15599 5292 655 182 101 115 70
1969 0 1061 1524 1968 44634 19002 3620 4937 1628 316 43 43 23
1970 480 281 23444 2454 1906 22417 8100 2012 2016 740 166 26 96
1971 15 3535 1978 24358 1257 918 9279 3056 826 1043 369 130 35
1972 133 9399 230942 22315 42981 3206 1611 6758 2638 900 989 538 120
1973 0 5956 70679 260520 24180 6919 422 426 1692 529 147 339 95
1974 281 3713 9685 41706 88120 5829 4138 382 618 2043 935 276 659
1975 1321 4355 10037 14088 33871 49711 2135 1236 92 131 500 147 287
1976 3475 7499 13994 13454 6810 20796 40057 1247 1350 193 280 652 671
1977 184 18456 55967 22043 7368 2586 7781 11043 311 388 96 101 182
1978 46 2033 47311 18812 4076 1389 1626 2596 6215 162 258 3 139
1979 0 48 17540 35290 10645 1429 812 546 1466 2310 181 87 55
1980 0 0 627 22878 21794 2971 250 504 230 842 1299 111 50
1981 1 68 486 2561 22124 10685 1034 162 162 72 330 564 69
1982 2 29 883 900 3372 12203 2625 344 75 80 91 321 238
1983 3 351 1173 2636 1360 2394 2506 1799 267 37 60 100 132
1984 7 754 1271 1019 1899 657 950 2619 352 87 2 22 53
1985 4 2952 29624 1695 564 1009 943 886 1763 588 124 64 93
1986 506 650 23113 68429 1565 783 896 393 702 1144 443 130 414
1987 9 83 5031 87170 64556 960 597 376 212 230 419 245 73
1988 7 139 1439 12478 47890 20429 397 178 74 88 168 198 80
1989 611 221 2157 4986 16071 25313 3198 147 1 28 28 53 96
1990 2 446 1015 2580 2142 4046 6221 840 134 42 14 13 44
1991 23 533 4421 3564 2416 3299 4633 3953 461 83 9 18 27
1992 49 2793 11571 11567 4099 2642 2894 3327 3498 486 35 32 18
1993 498 272 13487 19457 13704 4103 1747 1886 2105 1965 201 96 25
1994 95 187 3374 47821 36333 13264 2057 903 1453 2769 1802 259 49
1995 2 85 2003 16109 72644 19145 6417 746 361 770 655 804 116
1996 35 478 1662 6818 36473 73579 13426 2944 573 365 533 598 767
1997 70 94 2280 5633 12603 32832 49478 5636 778 245 126 158 463
1998 547 1476 1701 11304 9258 8633 13801 19469 2113 330 59 54 377
1999 104 568 16839 8039 15365 6073 4466 6355 6204 647 117 109 220
2000 46 692 1520 29986 6496 5149 2406 1657 1570 1744 183 70 184
2001 374 1758 12971 5230 32049 5279 2941 1137 1161 1169 747 169 288
2002 59 603 7132 46335 11084 21985 2602 1602 482 448 581 349 98
2003 123 611 6803 31448 56480 11736 14541 1637 2178 858 411 413 395
2004 58 1295 7993 21116 41310 41226 4939 4914 598 1252 296 139 465
2005 102 865 11452 19369 22887 37067 24461 2393 2997 990 201 263 1059
2006 271 2496 4539 35040 27571 15033 16023 8567 1259 1298 222 175 321
2007 575 3914 30707 15213 45992 18516 10642 7889 2570 678 605 197 185
2008 440 2089 14536 44192 15926 31173 9145 4520 2846 1181 274 214 166
2009 483 1364 15379 55013 52498 13679 15382 3800 1669 887 285 353 321
2010 457 620 6545 52006 80622 50306 9273 5324 1954 1114 533 242 621
2011 909 806 1277 8501 90394 100522 39496 4397 2340 668 437 269 708
2012 268 611 7814 4206 18007 93055 82721 14445 1325 448 217 216 568
2013 402 904 1778 12780 3805 12297 58024 29930 4976 957 331 212 535
2014 528 649 6948 4503 14563 6833 16304 39620 16439 2431 619 440 545
2015 303 1334 1645 27317 8526 16624 7950 20538 25534 6677 1556 295 312
2016 294 655 5774 3482 33177 9563 18045 12030 21875 13492 4757 876 248
2017 724 1898 30744 46463 16895 48927 10518 14992 9 485 8447 6 640 1872 317
2018 679 1438 9424 16291 34060 8466 18882 5123 8902 4125 3564 4504 1040
2019 797 968 13908 28572 24171 32555 6278 6803 2601 3618 1225 1715 1400
2020 122 1298 10797 62206 46715 18137 10773 3051 2839 1445 996 915 1092
2021 263 641 2882 31573 99086 31202 7412 3595 1985 1161 814 802 966
2022 49 752 2836 18050 50522 55469 11172 2368 1016 544 285 335 479
2023 60 6615 10603 8935 29024 46726 27135 3052 888 337 175 222 313
2024 42 1420 18364 18151 11128 22770 23900 9319 953 388 152 158 262
Table 4. 4 . Northeast Arctic haddock. Catch numbers-at-age (numbers, ´000).
Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13+
1950 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1951 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1952 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1953 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1954 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1955 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1956 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1957 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1958 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1959 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1960 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1961 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1962 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1963 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1964 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1965 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1966 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1967 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1968 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1969 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1970 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1971 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1972 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1973 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1974 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1975 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1976 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1977 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1978 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1979 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1980 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1981 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1982 0.299 0.519 0.75 1.038 1.321 1.617 1.873 2.147 2.418 2.698 2.931 3.094 3.461
1983 0.188 0.689 1.033 1.408 1.71 2.149 2.469 2.748 3.069 3.687 4.516 3.094 3.461
1984 0.408 0.805 1.218 1.632 2.038 2.852 2.845 3.218 3.605 4.065 4.407 4.734 5.099
1985 0.319 0.383 0.835 1.29 1.816 2.174 2.301 2.835 3.253 3.721 4.084 4.137 4.926
1986 0.218 0.325 0.612 1.064 1.539 1.944 2.362 2.794 3.25 3.643 4.14 4.559 5.927
1987 0.143 0.221 0.497 0.765 1.179 1.724 2.135 2.551 3.009 3.414 3.84 4.415 5.195
1988 0.279 0.551 0.55 0.908 1.097 1.357 1.537 1.704 2.403 2.403 2.486 2.531 2.834
1989 0.258 0.55 0.684 0.84 0.998 1.176 1.546 1.713 1.949 2.14 2.389 2.522 2.797
1990 0.319 0.601 0.793 1.172 1.397 1.624 1.885 2.112 2.653 3.102 3.18 3.438 3.319
1991 0.216 0.616 0.941 1.281 1.556 1.797 2.044 2.079 2.311 2.788 3.408 2.896 3.274
1992 0.055 0.458 0.906 1.263 1.535 1.747 2.043 2.2 2.298 2.494 2.49 2.673 2.923
1993 0.381 0.64 0.94 1.204 1.487 1.748 1.994 2.237 2.417 2.654 2.906 3.184 3.363
1994 0.278 0.521 0.614 0.906 1.287 1.602 1.968 2.059 2.39 2.545 2.881 2.918 3.222
1995 0.258 0.446 0.739 0.808 1.107 1.556 1.838 2.234 2.416 2.602 2.965 3.163 3.786
1996 0.287 0.427 0.683 0.868 1.045 1.363 1.71 1.886 2.214 2.37 2.438 2.707 2.896
1997 0.408 0.575 0.682 1.028 1.151 1.369 1.637 1.856 2.073 2.5 2.279 2.532 2.609
1998 0.409 0.593 0.748 0.974 1.262 1.433 1.641 1.863 2.069 2.335 2.511 2.8 2.849
1999 0.435 0.695 0.826 1.079 1.261 1.485 1.634 1.798 2.032 2.237 2.339 2.611 2.865
2000 0.378 0.577 0.853 1.186 1.395 1.588 1.808 1.989 2.264 2.415 2.587 2.647 3.098
2001 0.391 0.647 0.751 1.104 1.459 1.709 1.921 2.182 2.331 2.609 2.757 3.376 3.338
2002 0.159 0.407 0.687 1.001 1.363 1.643 1.975 2.086 2.294 2.487 2.612 2.847 3.501
2003 0.198 0.384 0.594 0.875 1.113 1.364 1.361 1.972 1.636 1.877 2.088 2.351 2.842
2004 0.328 0.429 0.636 0.886 1.183 1.508 1.821 2.075 2.339 2.58 2.527 3.153 3.197
2005 0.285 0.492 0.722 0.906 1.121 1.343 1.619 2.036 2.177 2.382 2.527 2.496 2.81
2006 0.311 0.567 0.745 1.041 1.287 1.504 1.72 2.082 2.377 2.738 3.082 3.02 3.43
2007 0.329 0.431 0.652 0.899 1.197 1.435 1.722 1.99 2.309 2.715 2.987 2.947 3.591
2008 0.383 0.484 0.658 0.901 1.242 1.515 1.781 2.18 2.33 2.664 3.019 3.326 3.829
2009 0.378 0.508 0.707 1.024 1.28 1.538 1.806 2.107 2.398 2.531 2.606 3.089 3.541
2010 0.317 0.499 0.642 0.887 1.137 1.396 1.702 1.907 2.095 2.404 2.534 3.064 3.249
2011 0.423 0.513 0.811 0.953 1.093 1.254 1.462 1.715 1.978 2.328 2.305 2.55 2.76
2012 0.271 0.506 0.756 1.004 1.174 1.371 1.514 1.715 2.051 2.444 2.414 2.615 2.932
2013 0.469 0.542 0.821 1.014 1.217 1.401 1.571 1.714 1.914 2.168 2.24 2.516 2.807
2014 0.469 0.645 0.792 1.033 1.253 1.417 1.625 1.793 1.941 2.081 2.479 2.703 3.011
2015 0.473 0.647 0.876 1.054 1.327 1.571 1.777 1.934 2.025 2.216 2.481 2.99 3.455
2016 0.497 0.743 0.882 1.115 1.369 1.662 1.917 2.089 2.301 2.567 3.076 3.286 3.331
2017 0.449 0.608 0.874 1.088 1.378 1.666 1.879 2.146 2.258 2.476 2.72 2.98 3.713
2018 0.443 0.663 0.820 1.051 1.339 1.629 1.927 2.156 2.372 2.588 2.728 2.773 3.175
2019 0.341 0.508 0.729 0.955 1.275 1.581 1.834 2.151 2.378 2.607 2.868 2.934 3.382
2020 0.364 0.523 0.629 0.788 1.131 1.489 1.821 2.126 2.426 2.651 2.771 3.147 3.359
2021 0.257 0.445 0.57 0.773 0.997 1.351 1.716 2.15 2.388 2.682 3.073 3.201 4.139
2022 0.175 0.436 0.642 0.808 1.093 1.329 1.651 2.031 2.473 2.727 3.000 3.278 4.297
2023 0.248 0.394 0.684 1.02 1.203 1.458 1.673 1.98 2.334 2.676 3.122 3.223 3.849
2024 0.21 0.418 0.627 0.896 1.233 1.463 1.719 1.957 2.263 2.695 2.946 3.529 3.964
Table 4. 5 . Northeast Arctic haddock. Catch weights-at-age (kg).
Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13+
1950-1979 0.031 0.145 0.354 0.653 1.016 1.427 1.867 2.327 2.771 3.195 3.597 3.597 3.597
1980 0.063 0.262 0.454 0.878 1.159 1.675 2.292 3.134 3.31 3.553 3.792 3.792 3.792
1981 0.051 0.274 0.603 0.805 1.315 1.582 2.118 2.728 3.51 3.679 3.904 3.904 3.904
1982 0.036 0.224 0.631 1.049 1.217 1.782 2.017 2.553 3.14 3.853 4.016 4.016 4.016
1983 0.035 0.164 0.524 1.098 1.558 1.663 2.255 2.448 2.97 3.524 4.165 4.165 4.165
1984 0.028 0.158 0.391 0.926 1.632 2.093 2.121 2.718 2.865 3.363 3.878 3.878 3.878
1985 0.03 0.127 0.379 0.700 1.394 2.195 2.626 2.572 3.158 3.261 3.728 3.728 3.728
1986 0.035 0.136 0.311 0.682 1.069 1.898 2.761 3.138 3.005 3.568 3.632 3.632 3.632
1987 0.042 0.161 0.331 0.569 1.047 1.473 2.411 3.307 3.616 3.412 3.946 3.946 3.946
1988 0.039 0.189 0.383 0.603 0.887 1.452 1.895 2.915 3.822 4.054 3.787 3.787 3.787
1989 0.037 0.175 0.445 0.689 0.936 1.248 1.878 2.317 3.395 4.297 4.449 4.449 4.449
1990 0.031 0.169 0.413 0.789 1.054 1.312 1.635 2.308 2.728 3.844 4.73 4.73 4.73
1991 0.025 0.141 0.402 0.737 1.193 1.458 1.714 2.035 2.732 3.122 4.256 4.256 4.256
1992 0.023 0.114 0.34 0.721 1.119 1.63 1.881 2.127 2.437 3.142 3.491 3.491 3.491
1993 0.025 0.107 0.279 0.616 1.100 1.537 2.08 2.308 2.54 2.831 3.531 3.531 3.531
Table 4. 6 a. Northeast Arctic haddock. Smoothed stock weights-at-age (kg). The data from 1950–1993 is unchanged since AFWG 2019, the data from 1994 and onward have been updated this year.
Year 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
1994 0.252 0.505 0.94 1.652 2.166 2.708 2.86 2.826 2.973 3.618 4.157
1995 0.263 0.472 0.798 1.316 2.121 2.643 3.161 3.29 3.222 3.173 3.932
1996 0.28 0.488 0.747 1.137 1.721 2.577 3.088 3.604 3.697 3.398 3.476
1997 0.345 0.518 0.77 1.072 1.496 2.13 3.03 3.524 4.02 3.864 3.715
1998 0.345 0.625 0.816 1.101 1.418 1.88 2.541 3.46 3.951 4.157 4.175
1999 0.365 0.63 0.974 1.159 1.452 1.778 2.271 2.966 3.881 4.087 4.464
2000 0.294 0.665 0.98 1.366 1.523 1.829 2.155 2.665 3.36 4.035 4.391
2001 0.307 0.54 1.028 1.374 1.77 1.911 2.212 2.547 3.045 3.538 4.336
2002 0.274 0.563 0.853 1.433 1.78 2.198 2.295 2.599 2.916 3.247 3.848
2003 0.249 0.505 0.883 1.205 1.851 2.198 2.606 2.691 2.987 3.114 3.554
2004 0.289 0.463 0.805 1.243 1.578 2.28 2.618 3.038 3.089 3.173 3.429
2005 0.285 0.532 0.742 1.137 1.625 1.975 2.71 3.038 3.438 3.276 3.491
2006 0.294 0.532 0.834 1.057 1.506 2.03 2.367 3.14 3.438 3.618 3.586
2007 0.224 0.545 0.834 1.182 1.4 1.88 2.428 2.771 3.55 3.618 3.932
2008 0.222 0.417 0.859 1.182 1.559 1.769 2.271 2.84 3.163 3.715 3.932
2009 0.249 0.417 0.672 1.212 1.55 1.943 2.144 2.665 3.237 3.352 4.017
2010 0.292 0.467 0.667 0.962 1.587 1.943 2.342 2.522 3.06 3.413 3.666
2011 0.297 0.536 0.742 0.962 1.284 1.987 2.331 2.744 2.902 3.247 3.732
2012 0.372 0.549 0.846 1.057 1.284 1.632 2.38 2.73 3.133 3.1 3.554
2013 0.341 0.67 0.865 1.198 1.4 1.623 1.989 2.784 3.133 3.322 3.398
2014 0.393 0.625 1.042 1.22 1.569 1.769 1.977 2.359 3.177 3.322 3.634
2015 0.355 0.708 0.974 1.451 1.597 1.965 2.144 2.348 2.724 3.367 3.634
2016 0.361 0.645 1.092 1.358 1.872 1.997 2.355 2.522 2.71 2.916 3.683
2017 0.351 0.655 1.001 1.514 1.77 2.304 2.391 2.757 2.902 2.916 3.232
2018 0.277 0.64 1.015 1.399 1.945 2.187 2.737 2.798 3.148 3.1 3.217
2019 0.258 0.514 0.994 1.417 1.811 2.388 2.606 3.154 3.192 3.337 3.413
2020 0.272 0.48 0.811 1.391 1.83 2.233 2.819 3.023 3.566 3.383 3.65
2021 0.297 0.505 0.759 1.152 1.8 2.257 2.658 3.259 3.422 3.732 3.699
2022 0.334 0.549 0.798 1.086 1.514 2.233 2.685 3.08 3.663 3.602 4.052
2023 0.272 0.616 0.865 1.137 1.435 1.89 2.645 3.11 3.486 3.831 3.915
2024 0.297 0.501 0.96 1.22 1.496 1.799 2.282 3.067 3.517 3.666 4.139
2025 0.258 0.549 0.798 1.341 1.597 1.87 2.178 2.677 3.486 3.699 3.966
Table 4.6b. Northeast Arctic haddock. Smoothed stock weights-at-age (kg), updated from 1994 and onwards this year.
Year 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  
1950-1979 0.027 0.101 0.311 0.622 0.845 0.944 0.982 0.994
1980 0.026 0.076 0.243 0.649 0.86 0.95 0.984 0.995
1981 0.056 0.104 0.303 0.549 0.857 0.948 0.984 0.995
1982 0.053 0.161 0.332 0.577 0.77 0.947 0.983 0.995
1983 0.057 0.183 0.472 0.665 0.8 0.906 0.983 0.995
1984 0.044 0.196 0.51 0.801 0.862 0.921 0.967 0.995
1985 0.027 0.149 0.522 0.796 0.928 0.953 0.973 0.989
1986 0.021 0.103 0.454 0.758 0.928 0.977 0.984 0.991
1987 0.021 0.076 0.294 0.713 0.918 0.976 0.993 0.994
1988 0.025 0.074 0.24 0.576 0.898 0.975 0.993 0.998
1989 0.032 0.09 0.25 0.534 0.822 0.966 0.993 0.998
1990 0.046 0.127 0.305 0.578 0.798 0.937 0.99 0.997
1991 0.041 0.164 0.358 0.623 0.82 0.925 0.98 0.997
1992 0.03 0.147 0.449 0.704 0.855 0.936 0.976 0.994
1993 0.018 0.113 0.396 0.741 0.878 0.95 0.979 0.992
Table 4. 7 a. Northeast Arctic haddock. Proportion mature at age. The data from 1950-1993 is unchanged since AFWG 2019. Age 1-2 are 0, and ages 11-13+ set to 1 (not shown).
Year 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1994 0.027 0.087 0.281 0.665 0.864 0.956 0.968 0.964
1995 0.029 0.078 0.215 0.52 0.854 0.95 0.985 0.985
1996 0.031 0.082 0.193 0.431 0.745 0.943 0.98 0.994
1997 0.043 0.09 0.203 0.397 0.66 0.878 0.977 0.992
1998 0.043 0.124 0.223 0.411 0.627 0.824 0.942 0.991
1999 0.047 0.126 0.297 0.442 0.642 0.795 0.91 0.971
2000 0.035 0.138 0.3 0.544 0.672 0.81 0.894 0.953
2001 0.036 0.097 0.323 0.548 0.761 0.831 0.902 0.944
2002 0.031 0.104 0.239 0.575 0.764 0.89 0.913 0.949
2003 0.027 0.087 0.254 0.466 0.786 0.89 0.948 0.955
2004 0.033 0.075 0.218 0.485 0.694 0.904 0.949 0.976
2005 0.032 0.094 0.19 0.431 0.711 0.847 0.957 0.976
2006 0.035 0.094 0.231 0.39 0.665 0.858 0.923 0.98
2007 0.023 0.098 0.231 0.453 0.618 0.824 0.93 0.96
2008 0.022 0.064 0.242 0.453 0.687 0.792 0.91 0.965
2009 0.027 0.064 0.162 0.469 0.682 0.839 0.892 0.953
2010 0.033 0.076 0.16 0.339 0.697 0.839 0.92 0.942
2011 0.035 0.095 0.19 0.339 0.564 0.849 0.919 0.959
2012 0.048 0.099 0.236 0.39 0.564 0.749 0.925 0.958
2013 0.042 0.14 0.245 0.461 0.618 0.746 0.864 0.961
2014 0.052 0.124 0.33 0.473 0.69 0.792 0.862 0.927
2015 0.045 0.153 0.297 0.583 0.7 0.843 0.892 0.926
2016 0.047 0.131 0.354 0.54 0.792 0.851 0.922 0.942
2017 0.045 0.134 0.31 0.609 0.761 0.908 0.926 0.96
2018 0.031 0.129 0.316 0.559 0.812 0.888 0.959 0.962
2019 0.028 0.089 0.307 0.567 0.774 0.92 0.948 0.98
2020 0.03 0.08 0.22 0.555 0.78 0.897 0.965 0.974
2021 0.035 0.087 0.198 0.438 0.77 0.9 0.953 0.984
2022 0.041 0.099 0.215 0.404 0.668 0.897 0.955 0.977
2023 0.03 0.121 0.245 0.431 0.634 0.826 0.952 0.979
2024 0.035 0.085 0.291 0.473 0.66 0.802 0.912 0.977
2025 0.028 0.099 0.215 0.531 0.7 0.82 0.897 0.954
Table 4.7b. Northeast Arctic haddock. Proportion mature at age. The data from 1950-1993 is unchanged since AFWG 2019. Age 1-2 are 0, and ages 11-13+ set to 1 (not shown).
Age 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Biomass
1984 2209.91 1018.37 15.31 0.09 0 0 0 55.39
1985 2007.23 1364.84 5.06 0 0 0 0 53.02
1986 91.71 594.67 222.71 166.58 0 0 0 108.23
1987 0 1052.64 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 5.79
1988 0.00 16.60 0.48 8.67 0 0 0 2.49
1989 21.07 219.58 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 9.81
1990 48.42 137.38 34.32 3.33 0 0 0 14.10
1991 0.00 355.86 12.99 0.00 0 0 0 15.69
1992 132.15 1743.81 123.41 0.93 0 0 0 88.06
1993 825.96 1442.40 143.43 32.05 3.09 2.62 0 69.30
1994 1347.11 1483.12 73.19 23.83 6.89 0.81 0.01 48.23
1995 181.37 2863.85 166.95 12.36 28.08 27.70 0.32 113.33
1996 356.94 1529.51 154.53 38.21 5.18 2.45 3.18 66.25
1997 0 936.80 38.58 26.31 1.69 0.75 0.51 43.55
1998 0 1715.38 27.40 1.74 2.56 0.45 0 35.57
1999 0 1030.05 25.06 0.35 0 0 0 29.27
2000 808.29 1403.05 71.16 2.20 1.14 0.19 0.08 57.96
2001 1046.54 592.43 53.15 4.67 0.07 0.00 0.00 51.15
2002 455.05 2432.46 240.07 39.36 2.25 0.36 0.16 126.72
2003 1139.62 3565.66 213.45 39.16 12.66 1.21 0 165.56
2004 5381.41 2858.09 302.58 39.46 9.81 2.44 0 197.42
2005 7696.27 6668.01 274.88 54.59 9.19 2.22 0.85 323.67
2006 12781.51 8398.02 372.83 5.45 4.36 1.16 0.47 359.95
2007 1211.32 10160.34 653.43 70.82 3.78 2.16 0.21 376.02
2008 1364.86 964.09 889.66 226.11 42.80 5.50 3.11 289.78
2009 5620.83 1860.99 273.70 258.79 67.47 21.78 1.50 250.41
2010 1978.44 5695.49 177.95 65.33 66.34 59.99 11.17 262.95
2011 2314.10 2618.13 446.20 55.32 73.44 84.01 18.21 273.62
2012 233.89 7052.98 132.78 105.81 14.81 6.58 4.16 216.64
2013 2139.05 1572.97 370.12 30.62 21.42 5.32 3.99 195.20
2014 1140.59 1960.11 136.38 26.41 1.76 0.61 0 85.26
2015 4850.73 2512.52 125.49 12.82 41.47 1.37 0.21 172.22
2016 7979.06 2610.73 273.93 21.17 2.29 7.14 1.64 217.57
2017 4463.68 7552.61 224.84 22.11 12.13 6.03 12.93 266.57
2018 2252.55 6785.00 565.68 62.25 6.50 0.56 0.01 266.54
2019 517.10 4340.79 390.88 111.82 7.55 0.28 0.00 200.86
2020 1823.24 482.57 73.95 52.20 66.28 3.43 0.12 81.08
2021 987.59 293.16 78.88 5.14 4.08 0.73 0.09 24.65
2022 4118.28 2086.61 210.69 7.91 1.16 0.05 0 75.55
2023 1608.84 816.64 184.66 7.82 1.79 0.07 0 67.16
2024 11028.33 3966.76 350.40 16.92 3.13 0.91 0.38 293.05
Average 1984-2024 2247.88 2603.78 198.32 40.46 12.81 6.08 1.54 137.94
Table 4. 8 . Northeast Arctic haddock. Consumption of Haddock by NEA Cod (mln. spec) age 0–6, and total biomass ages 0–6 consumed.
Survey Year\Age 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
RU-BTr-Q4 1991 62 9 3 6 18 17    
RU-BTr-Q4 1992 346 50 4 6 9 9    
RU-BTr-Q4 1993 1985 356 48 8 4 4    
RU-BTr-Q4 1994 442 1014 116 15 1 6    
RU-BTr-Q4 1995 31 123 370 40 5 4    
RU-BTr-Q4 1996 28 49 362 334 29 6    
RU-BTr-Q4 1997 32 32 10 27 10 8    
RU-BTr-Q4 1998 38 46 8 5 15 5    
RU-BTr-Q4 1999 196 39 37 8 3 14    
RU-BTr-Q4 2000 60 109 26 11 2 5    
RU-BTr-Q4 2001 334 40 65 11 4 4    
RU-BTr-Q4 2002 399 450 47 24 4 3    
RU-BTr-Q4 2003 221 299 231 34 16 3    
RU-BTr-Q4 2004 113 94 107 87 5 6    
RU-BTr-Q4 2005 240 86 48 57 24 3    
RU-BTr-Q4 2006 113 119 57 26 24 13    
RU-BTr-Q4 2007 838 73 137 38 14 15    
RU-BTr-Q4 2008 2557 1051 124 111 17 11    
RU-BTr-Q4 2009 1647 1704 631 57 32 9    
RU-BTr-Q4 2010 299 1697 1589 466 34 17    
RU-BTr-Q4 2011 47 268 1087 783 165 13    
RU-BTr-Q4 2012 209 49 160 720 480 70    
RU-BTr-Q4 2013 61 175 50 104 374 272    
RU-BTr-Q4 2014 250 46 175 56 142 416    
RU-BTr-Q4 2015 22 199 40 74 28 171    
RU-BTr-Q4 2016 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1    
RU-BTr-Q4 2017 71 99 9 38 6 27    
RU-BTr-Q4 2018 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1    
RU-BTr-Q4 2019 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1    
RU-BTr-Q4 2020 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1    
RU-BTr-Q4 2021 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1    
RU-BTr-Q4 2022 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1    
RU-BTr-Q4 2023 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1    
RU-BTr-Q4 2024 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1    
BS-NoRU-Q1(Aco) 1994 348.73 626.65 121.38 8.55 0.7 0.33 2.71  
BS-NoRU-Q1(Aco) 1995 41.47 121.49 395.37 47.61 2.8 0.05 0.83  
BS-NoRU-Q1(Aco) 1996 29.97 22.09 68.65 143.69 5.67 0.93 0.07  
BS-NoRU-Q1(Aco) 1997 57.27 22.22 15.47 56.13 62.77 4.68 0.19  
BS-NoRU-Q1(Aco) 1998 33.78 58.79 24.2 7.7 14.06 20.69 1.62  
BS-NoRU-Q1(Aco) 1999 83.67 21.64 22.1 6.17 1.55 3.88 2.77  
BS-NoRU-Q1(Aco) 2000 36.39 75.53 14.01 12.61 1.57 0.53 3.02  
BS-NoRU-Q1(Aco) 2001 233.45 40.2 41.38 2.2 1.61 0.15 0.71  
BS-NoRU-Q1(Aco) 2002 255.2 201.84 18.47 11.7 1.59 0.29 0.56  
BS-NoRU-Q1(Aco) 2003 203.68 184.57 136.04 12.26 6.01 0.26 0.9  
BS-NoRU-Q1(Aco) 2004 151.01 101.85 107.82 57.68 7.61 1.15 0.55  
BS-NoRU-Q1(Aco) 2005 221.33 115.67 57.43 56.71 12.69 0.38 0.33  
BS-NoRU-Q1(Aco) 2006 56.32 123.84 47.37 19.26 13.64 3.23 0.35  
BS-NoRU-Q1(Aco) 2007 209.28 46.14 80.57 28.92 10 5.05 2.79  
BS-NoRU-Q1(Aco) 2008 812.41 303.04 90.02 74.12 7.41 12.77 2.11  
BS-NoRU-Q1(Aco) 2009 883.68 629.98 266.65 38.87 14.57 1.26 1.05  
BS-NoRU-Q1(Aco) 2010 128.07 631.03 603.99 166.96 12.07 2.94 2.11  
BS-NoRU-Q1(Aco) 2011 54.16 84.23 313.02 292.21 54.91 1.71 1.46  
BS-NoRU-Q1(Aco) 2012 191.63 48.84 88.12 310.6 172.52 30.09 1.01  
BS-NoRU-Q1(Aco) 2013 67.29 146.77 35.41 53.03 223.77 102.68 14.37  
BS-NoRU-Q1(Aco) 2014 334.82 39.12 108.72 23.18 34.77 86.36 38.82  
BS-NoRU-Q1(Aco) 2015 24.35 189.4 26.63 46.13 9.22 22.45 31.99  
BS-NoRU-Q1(Aco) 2016 71.81 12.08 59.62 12.52 17.28 7.48 33.24  
BS-NoRU-Q1(Aco) 2017 81.15 65.05 4.81 34.81 6.24 7.93 17.72  
BS-NoRU-Q1(Aco) 2018 171.03 62.74 64.4 6.77 15.57 2.75 14.69  
BS-NoRU-Q1(Aco) 2019 507.61 146.22 31.73 21.88 4.72 3.46 4.19  
BS-NoRU-Q1(Aco) 2020 286.32 306.38 79.18 22.38 11.59 1.84 6.33  
BS-NoRU-Q1(Aco) 2021 50.76 130.37 181.8 19.35 5.44 0.94 1.77  
BS-NoRU-Q1(Aco) 2022 11.35 63.4 95.3 101.24 11.79 0.82 1.08  
BS-NoRU-Q1(Aco) 2023 76.99 9.02 51.28 53.25 38.07 2.69 0.49  
BS-NoRU-Q1(Aco) 2024 337.4 44 3.7 14.9 12.5 7.8 0.33  
BS-NoRU-Q1(Aco) 2025 369.4 173.1 22.8 3.7 10.1 7.51 3.65  
BS-NoRu-Q1 (BTr) 1994 314.533 436.251 46.176 3.54 0.163 0.13 0.2 0.651
BS-NoRu-Q1 (BTr) 1995 54.857 167.104 343.38 29.623 1.441 0.025 0.043 0.404
BS-NoRu-Q1 (BTr) 1996 55.843 31.334 150.768 238.108 16.131 1.15 0 0.069
BS-NoRu-Q1 (BTr) 1997 79.632 39.855 18.255 61.566 88.411 3.277 0.082 0.043
BS-NoRu-Q1 (BTr) 1998 21.681 36.749 11.844 1.294 9.203 7.212 0.648 0.092
BS-NoRu-Q1 (BTr) 1999 56.92 15.874 9.418 2.831 0.807 1.282 0.771 0.034
BS-NoRu-Q1 (BTr) 2000 24.08 35.241 6.789 4.134 0.684 0.083 0.802 0.288
BS-NoRu-Q1 (BTr) 2001 293.996 26.252 22.997 1.634 0.752 0.058 0.06 0.329
BS-NoRu-Q1 (BTr) 2002 312.87 185.453 12.417 8.04 0.846 0.218 0.009 0.325
BS-NoRu-Q1 (BTr) 2003 352.236 174.452 72.708 5.104 1.682 0.119 0.104 0.217
BS-NoRu-Q1 (BTr) 2004 173.132 100.516 77.021 51.281 7.409 0.912 0.133 0.228
BS-NoRu-Q1 (BTr) 2005 317.889 141.058 50.664 61.191 10.082 0.249 0.08 0.009
BS-NoRu-Q1 (BTr) 2006 78.798 130.76 46.048 20.874 16.208 3.184 0.094 0.265
BS-NoRu-Q1 (BTr) 2007 443.266 81.784 84.667 26.279 5.411 2.197 1.376 0.896
BS-NoRu-Q1 (BTr) 2008 1591.031 583.606 53.079 54.732 6.794 10.248 0.23 0.167
BS-NoRu-Q1 (BTr) 2009 1230.426 751.012 368.33 25.414 12.437 0.851 0.09 0.363
BS-NoRu-Q1 (BTr) 2010 102.451 510.449 443.759 139.316 7.988 1.016 0.386 0.574
BS-NoRu-Q1 (BTr) 2011 52.883 123.634 469.482 290.036 65.236 1.416 1.121 0.184
BS-NoRu-Q1 (BTr) 2012 316.077 28.785 74.714 267.945 154.601 24.766 3.115 0.391
BS-NoRu-Q1 (BTr) 2013 57.444 143.984 22.019 33.624 191.145 69.385 6.114 0.076
BS-NoRu-Q1 (BTr) 2014 381.173 32.729 104.397 23.257 50.035 97.536 38.692 2.425
BS-NoRu-Q1 (BTr) 2015 30.615 187.035 43.601 39.44 14.668 18.735 30.744 10.2
BS-NoRu-Q1 (BTr) 2016 163.385 34.342 115.597 22.406 41.948 12.437 32.396 33.161
BS-NoRu-Q1 (BTr) 2017 134.9 105.5 7.553 55.338 9.692 15.6 2.527 23.861
BS-NoRu-Q1 (BTr) 2018 336.307 86.656 65.764 7.771 15.59 3.621 2.564 11.931
BS-NoRu-Q1 (BTr) 2019 1075.552 187.224 49.399 16.996 4.038 2.948 0.736 1.91
BS-NoRu-Q1 (BTr) 2020 424.225 586.985 99.123 22.08 6.057 2.605 1.042 2.827
BS-NoRu-Q1 (BTr) 2021 111.35 176.57 265.49 19.32 3.57 0.68 0.19 0.72
BS-NoRu-Q1 (BTr) 2022 12.226 86.54 121.699 113.566 9.099 0.617 0.113 0.44
BS-NoRu-Q1 (BTr) 2023 82.055 8.058 50.201 49.022 33.313 2.168 0.096 0.318
BS-NoRu-Q1 (BTr) 2024 346.712 40.855 3.345 15.762 12.595 7.724 0.355 0.119
BS-NoRu-Q1 (BTr) 2025 477.027 186.551 17.784 2.422 7.565 5.048 2.564 0.146
FLT007: Eco-NoRu-Q3 (Btr) 2004 123.368 70.303 69.118 31.482 2.989 1.721 0.22  
FLT007: Eco-NoRu-Q3 (Btr) 2005 324.56 89.531 30.44 32.246 15.035 0.472 1.116  
FLT007: Eco-NoRu-Q3 (Btr) 2006 107.467 124.64 41.597 18.98 17.482 7.289 1.384  
FLT007: Eco-NoRu-Q3 (Btr) 2007 1282.94 88.498 90.369 19.227 5.881 7.102 3.209  
FLT007: Eco-NoRu-Q3 (Btr) 2008 1154.869 405.999 43.133 35.517 4.94 2.514 2.539  
FLT007: Eco-NoRu-Q3 (Btr) 2009 650.742 619.088 305.883 21.045 6.549 0.87 0.576  
FLT007: Eco-NoRu-Q3 (Btr) 2010 184.001 865.318 666.439 147.72 15.84 2.73 0.589  
FLT007: Eco-NoRu-Q3 (Btr) 2011 40.446 73.802 392.93 301.368 37.357 2.972 0.514  
FLT007: Eco-NoRu-Q3 (Btr) 2012 92.468 20.348 67.607 214.052 152.03 12.739 2.003  
FLT007: Eco-NoRu-Q3 (Btr) 2013 25.779 65.228 19.575 50.846 150.131 76.427 7.561  
FLT007: Eco-NoRu-Q3 (Btr) 2014 261.631 40.768 70.161 25.781 60.452 85.771 19.646  
FLT007: Eco-NoRu-Q3 (Btr) 2015 42.148 213.636 25.132 37.111 20.577 47.868 42.903  
FLT007: Eco-NoRu-Q3 (Btr) 2016 209.303 34.43 184.09 47.965 56.787 40.367 125.907  
FLT007: Eco-NoRu-Q3 (Btr) 2017 70.313 70.306 11.47 20.537 3.963 4.025 15.265  
FLT007: Eco-NoRu-Q3 (Btr) 2018 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1  
FLT007: Eco-NoRu-Q3 (Btr) 2019 896.982 160.736 38.067 15.133 5.303 5.037 11.56  
FLT007: Eco-NoRu-Q3 (Btr) 2020 204.059 341.372 58.813 4.918 1.959 0.802 1.483  
FLT007: Eco-NoRu-Q3 (Btr) 2021 129.533 345.768 330.627 32.25 5.446 0.885 1.41  
FLT007: Eco-NoRu-Q3 (Btr) 2022 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1  
FLT007: Eco-NoRu-Q3 (Btr) 2023 182.62 13.345 37.289 36.344 12.06 0.456 0.341  
FLT007: Eco-NoRu-Q3 (Btr) 2024 213.83 26.90 19.47 17.33 13.40 3.17 0.97  
Table 4.9. Northeast Arctic haddock. Survey indices for SAM tuning (see section 4.4.6). The last age is a plus group.
#Configuration saved: Wed Feb 12 12:57:09 2020
# Where a matrix is specified rows corresponds to fleets and columns to ages.
# Same number indicates same parameter used
# Numbers (integers) starts from zero and must be consecutive
$minAge
# The minimum age class in the assessment
3
$maxAge
# The maximum age class in the assessment
13
$maxAgePlusGroup
# Is last age group considered a plus group for each fleet (1 yes, or 0 no).
1 1 1 1 1
$keyLogFsta
# Coupling of the fishing mortality states (nomally only first row is used).
0 1 2 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 5
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
$corFlag
# Correlation of fishing mortality across ages (0 independent, 1 compound symmetry, 2 AR(1), 3 separable AR(1).
2
$keyLogFpar
# Coupling of the survey catchability parameters (nomally first row is not used, as that is covered by fishing mortality).
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
0 1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
2 3 3 3 3 4 4 -1 -1 -1 -1
5 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 -1 -1 -1
8 9 9 9 9 9 9 -1 -1 -1 -1
$keyQpow
# Density dependent catchability power parameters (if any).
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
1 1 1 1 1 2 2 -1 -1 -1 -1
3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 -1 -1 -1
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 -1 -1 -1 -1
$keyVarF
# Coupling of process variance parameters for log(F)-process (nomally only first row is used)
0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
$keyVarLogN
# Coupling of process variance parameters for log(N)-process
0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
$keyVarObs
# Coupling of the variance parameters for the observations.
0 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 -1 -1 -1 -1
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 -1 -1 -1
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 -1 -1 -1 -1
$obsCorStruct
# Covariance structure for each fleet ("ID" independent, "AR" AR(1), or "US" for unstructured). | Possible values are: "ID" "AR" "US"
"ID" "AR" "AR" "AR" "AR"
$keyCorObs
# Coupling of correlation parameters can only be specified if the AR(1) structure is chosen above.
# NA's indicate where correlation parameters can be specified (-1 where they cannot).
#V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10
NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
0 1 1 1 2 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
3 3 3 3 3 4 -1 -1 -1 -1
5 5 5 5 5 6 6 -1 -1 -1
7 7 7 7 7 7 -1 -1 -1 -1
$stockRecruitmentModelCode
# Stock recruitment code (0 for plain random walk, 1 for Ricker, 2 for Beverton–Holt, and 3 piece-wise constant).
0
$noScaledYears
# Number of years where catch scaling is applied.
0
$keyScaledYears
# A vector of the years where catch scaling is applied.
$keyParScaledYA
# A matrix specifying the couplings of scale parameters (nrow = no scaled years, ncols = no ages).
$fbarRange
# lowest and higest age included in Fbar
4 7
$keyBiomassTreat
# To be defined only if a biomass survey is used (0 SSB index, 1 catch index, 2 FSB index, 3 total catch, 4 total landings and 5 TSB index).
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1
$obsLikelihoodFlag
# Option for observational likelihood | Possible values are: "LN" "ALN"
"LN" "LN" "LN" "LN" "LN"
$fixVarToWeight
# If weight attribute is supplied for observations this option sets the treatment (0 relative weight, 1 fix variance to weight).
0
$fracMixF
# The fraction of t(3) distribution used in logF increment distribution
0
$fracMixN
# The fraction of t(3) distribution used in logN increment distribution
0
$fracMixObs
# A vector with same length as number of fleets, where each element is the fraction of t(3) distribution used in the distribution of that fleet
0 0 0 0 0
$constRecBreaks
# This option is only used in combination with stock-recruitment code 3)
$predVarObsLink
# Coupling of parameters used in a mean-variance link for observations.
0 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 -1 -1 -1 -1
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 -1 -1 -1
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 -1 -1 -1 -1
Table 4.10 SAM model configuration used. Updated at WKDEM 2020.
Year R(age 3) Low High SSB Low High Fbar(4-7) Low High TSB Low High
 
1950 109205 69850 170733 213037 190711 237977 0.794 0.673 0.936 396433 355768 441746
1951 627326 417573 942440 124773 110703 140633 0.683 0.576 0.810 425468 340792 531184
1952 83903 54178 129937 100853 88165 115368 0.702 0.588 0.839 414379 331979 517232
1953 1175428 784414 1761354 120273 104016 139071 0.533 0.441 0.643 710782 550758 917301
1954 130455 84294 201893 173161 147274 203599 0.432 0.357 0.524 808235 643274 1015497
1955 58576 37390 91767 309089 264221 361577 0.448 0.373 0.539 836155 706490 989619
1956 221231 142492 343478 363732 310115 426617 0.474 0.395 0.569 680251 585441 790414
1957 60392 38608 94466 253141 217080 295193 0.428 0.357 0.513 432450 376133 497200
1958 73501 47508 113717 181369 157528 208818 0.517 0.430 0.622 314304 276817 356867
1959 382306 253852 575758 125449 109005 144374 0.446 0.369 0.540 331320 274259 400252
1960 312759 206179 474435 112805 99525 127858 0.541 0.452 0.647 414469 346875 495234
1961 141716 93577 214619 124378 110802 139617 0.664 0.562 0.784 398840 347573 457669
1962 288516 191930 433707 124539 110587 140251 0.793 0.674 0.932 372594 321945 431212
1963 310273 208224 462335 93925 82650 106737 0.760 0.638 0.905 349414 293699 415698
1964 349427 233167 523656 84228 74078 95769 0.634 0.528 0.762 383262 318904 460607
1965 125264 81812 191793 102863 89899 117696 0.527 0.437 0.636 384555 326205 453343
1966 308278 203489 467027 144655 126065 165986 0.559 0.466 0.670 446661 382712 521294
1967 336411 221609 510684 150640 130041 174503 0.444 0.368 0.536 460702 388958 545679
1968 18630 11587 29955 166970 144796 192540 0.485 0.401 0.586 423233 360117 497411
1969 20294 12601 32685 166741 143546 193685 0.416 0.340 0.508 314376 269840 366261
1970 204608 132949 314890 154465 131254 181780 0.386 0.313 0.477 283804 240016 335581
1971 110060 71679 168993 127035 107265 150449 0.329 0.264 0.410 261919 223270 307258
1972 1063159 699647 1615540 127920 111215 147135 0.654 0.537 0.797 603949 463099 787637
1973 309302 205800 464858 125158 107948 145113 0.539 0.442 0.657 637434 514771 789325
1974 64978 42349 99699 154044 134410 176547 0.503 0.416 0.608 464133 401371 536709
1975 58765 38294 90180 194620 166846 227016 0.497 0.415 0.594 378081 328453 435208
1976 59524 38039 93144 195464 167823 227657 0.718 0.606 0.851 294497 257819 336393
1977 120299 76136 190079 118892 100276 140964 0.734 0.607 0.889 200380 171891 233591
1978 211943 140914 318773 80839 67032 97489 0.628 0.511 0.770 197661 163877 238411
1979 159503 105599 240923 62230 52414 73885 0.584 0.472 0.722 204520 170694 245050
1980 23166 14478 37069 62493 53169 73453 0.476 0.383 0.591 211914 177477 253032
1981 10834 6488 18090 72359 61298 85417 0.437 0.351 0.543 167595 141696 198227
1982 16365 10014 26744 68355 56657 82469 0.383 0.305 0.481 122361 102660 145843
1983 8087 4722 13852 58470 48118 71048 0.350 0.274 0.446 87673 73543 104519
1984 13091 8028 21348 53097 43383 64986 0.315 0.245 0.406 71456 59753 85452
1985 357274 235746 541451 48966 40785 58788 0.399 0.314 0.507 190737 141173 257704
1986 476016 315391 718444 54557 46327 64250 0.536 0.428 0.672 372321 294507 470695
1987 91595 59489 141030 77165 66019 90192 0.630 0.508 0.782 354129 296609 422804
1988 39726 25023 63068 79572 67080 94390 0.512 0.411 0.637 253762 215637 298627
1989 27985 17392 45031 84270 69583 102057 0.371 0.295 0.467 192286 161430 229040
1990 36259 23363 56275 86046 70288 105337 0.212 0.167 0.270 153395 128592 182983
1991 108038 76133 153312 100226 84341 119104 0.240 0.191 0.300 184623 157973 215768
1992 317123 226311 444375 110154 95331 127283 0.296 0.239 0.366 285180 240189 338599
1993 807521 590108 1105035 123904 109396 140336 0.320 0.262 0.393 509250 423978 611671
1994 388099 316581 475773 156808 140427 175100 0.375 0.310 0.454 633752 557316 720671
1995 99893 78807 126622 191602 171330 214274 0.305 0.256 0.362 632711 561965 712364
1996 99365 78795 125305 222898 199541 248989 0.372 0.317 0.436 550974 493390 615279
1997 119217 94787 149943 194388 173628 217630 0.450 0.382 0.531 400918 361105 445121
1998 63007 49253 80602 134234 119187 151181 0.455 0.382 0.542 265960 239054 295894
1999 146615 118401 181552 96981 86161 109160 0.464 0.386 0.559 231721 207490 258782
2000 82744 65532 104476 80889 71779 91156 0.343 0.282 0.418 213204 189217 240233
2001 357393 295558 432164 94278 84250 105501 0.370 0.308 0.445 314791 279627 354376
2002 385143 317862 466665 111802 99993 125005 0.355 0.296 0.426 428762 380794 482773
2003 333954 271890 410184 141057 126864 156837 0.429 0.363 0.507 499309 446943 557810
2004 256154 211388 310400 160281 144197 178159 0.395 0.336 0.464 488503 440125 542199
2005 354219 294011 426756 171410 154221 190516 0.409 0.349 0.480 505054 455849 559569
2006 153964 125825 188397 156157 140474 173591 0.373 0.317 0.440 436241 393895 483140
2007 510371 422347 616740 157546 142097 174675 0.389 0.330 0.460 495715 446511 550342
2008 1048496 877115 1253363 165470 148295 184636 0.322 0.270 0.385 712535 632849 802255
2009 979985 821372 1169226 185526 166520 206700 0.269 0.226 0.321 961376 852223 1084510
2010 234126 192163 285253 249278 223638 277859 0.254 0.216 0.300 1091839 968367 1231055
2011 116753 93342 146037 361199 323994 402677 0.266 0.228 0.311 1143359 1021054 1280315
2012 332647 274160 403611 480135 427624 539095 0.229 0.195 0.268 1139697 1019203 1274436
2013 117381 94167 146318 526559 467084 593606 0.153 0.129 0.182 978860 874858 1095226
2014 402425 333405 485733 526163 469932 589124 0.158 0.132 0.189 962829 869017 1066767
2015 72042 56928 91169 503022 453702 557703 0.192 0.161 0.229 857782 778635 944974
2016 207043 168898 253803 494946 447283 547689 0.264 0.223 0.312 788822 716895 867966
2017 192788 157574 235870 415349 377738 456703 0.355 0.301 0.417 691950 631707 757938
2018 354062 290241 431917 305316 276968 336566 0.412 0.351 0.484 598656 544238 658516
2019 776087 645770 932701 232647 210882 256659 0.450 0.380 0.531 646597 582425 717839
2020 414649 342860 501469 191172 172921 211349 0.479 0.406 0.566 655246 587684 730576
2021 155855 125600 193399 174736 157928 193333 0.496 0.422 0.584 591402 531488 658071
2022 45328 34673 59258 172599 153861 193620 0.427 0.361 0.507 485024 433243 542994
2023 166467 134426 206146 177438 156774 200825 0.448 0.376 0.534 417283 372157 467882
2024 427761 351365 520767 163226 140567 189539 0.470 0.378 0.586 424313 372971 482722
2025 532133 426734 663565 149209 120565 184657 0.467 0.289 0.756 493213 418756 580910
 
Table 4.11. Northeast Arctic haddock. SAM model. Estimated recruitment, spawning-stock biomass (SSB), and average fishing mortality (Fbar ages 4.-7).
Year Age 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
 
1950 0.196 0.481 0.750 0.873 1.071 0.894 0.894 0.894 0.894 0.894 0.894
1951 0.132 0.373 0.615 0.767 0.977 0.881 0.881 0.881 0.881 0.881 0.881
1952 0.125 0.379 0.627 0.783 1.020 0.927 0.927 0.927 0.927 0.927 0.927
1953 0.081 0.280 0.468 0.583 0.800 0.738 0.738 0.738 0.738 0.738 0.738
1954 0.055 0.209 0.359 0.470 0.692 0.651 0.651 0.651 0.651 0.651 0.651
1955 0.051 0.202 0.372 0.506 0.714 0.603 0.603 0.603 0.603 0.603 0.603
1956 0.055 0.212 0.393 0.554 0.737 0.624 0.624 0.624 0.624 0.624 0.624
1957 0.050 0.200 0.370 0.495 0.647 0.551 0.551 0.551 0.551 0.551 0.551
1958 0.061 0.237 0.451 0.601 0.780 0.691 0.691 0.691 0.691 0.691 0.691
1959 0.062 0.231 0.411 0.522 0.621 0.569 0.569 0.569 0.569 0.569 0.569
1960 0.096 0.320 0.538 0.633 0.672 0.616 0.616 0.616 0.616 0.616 0.616
1961 0.127 0.408 0.684 0.782 0.782 0.692 0.692 0.692 0.692 0.692 0.692
1962 0.160 0.504 0.857 0.943 0.867 0.720 0.720 0.720 0.720 0.720 0.720
1963 0.140 0.471 0.809 0.913 0.847 0.681 0.681 0.681 0.681 0.681 0.681
1964 0.098 0.360 0.637 0.772 0.767 0.647 0.647 0.647 0.647 0.647 0.647
1965 0.077 0.294 0.516 0.639 0.659 0.568 0.568 0.568 0.568 0.568 0.568
1966 0.091 0.331 0.565 0.668 0.671 0.555 0.555 0.555 0.555 0.555 0.555
1967 0.072 0.271 0.449 0.518 0.538 0.466 0.466 0.466 0.466 0.466 0.466
1968 0.085 0.302 0.494 0.556 0.589 0.514 0.514 0.514 0.514 0.514 0.514
1969 0.081 0.273 0.433 0.472 0.484 0.418 0.418 0.418 0.418 0.418 0.418
1970 0.083 0.268 0.406 0.431 0.442 0.382 0.382 0.382 0.382 0.382 0.382
1971 0.072 0.238 0.354 0.357 0.368 0.326 0.326 0.326 0.326 0.326 0.326
1972 0.211 0.509 0.761 0.694 0.653 0.544 0.544 0.544 0.544 0.544 0.544
1973 0.218 0.494 0.647 0.534 0.480 0.384 0.384 0.384 0.384 0.384 0.384
1974 0.189 0.432 0.546 0.513 0.521 0.460 0.460 0.460 0.460 0.460 0.460
1975 0.208 0.459 0.547 0.494 0.487 0.419 0.419 0.419 0.419 0.419 0.419
1976 0.319 0.645 0.782 0.720 0.725 0.640 0.640 0.640 0.640 0.640 0.640
1977 0.361 0.712 0.852 0.717 0.657 0.559 0.559 0.559 0.559 0.559 0.559
1978 0.243 0.552 0.733 0.647 0.578 0.506 0.506 0.506 0.506 0.506 0.506
1979 0.167 0.447 0.675 0.654 0.558 0.503 0.503 0.503 0.503 0.503 0.503
1980 0.102 0.320 0.531 0.567 0.484 0.461 0.461 0.461 0.461 0.461 0.461
1981 0.085 0.279 0.477 0.542 0.448 0.430 0.430 0.430 0.430 0.430 0.430
1982 0.075 0.249 0.415 0.479 0.389 0.382 0.382 0.382 0.382 0.382 0.382
1983 0.076 0.247 0.386 0.425 0.341 0.340 0.340 0.340 0.340 0.340 0.340
1984 0.067 0.228 0.348 0.376 0.309 0.293 0.293 0.293 0.293 0.293 0.293
1985 0.075 0.261 0.417 0.485 0.433 0.414 0.414 0.414 0.414 0.414 0.414
1986 0.089 0.316 0.543 0.667 0.620 0.587 0.587 0.587 0.587 0.587 0.587
1987 0.100 0.360 0.647 0.789 0.726 0.659 0.659 0.659 0.659 0.659 0.659
1988 0.072 0.279 0.514 0.659 0.595 0.540 0.540 0.540 0.540 0.540 0.540
1989 0.055 0.218 0.386 0.466 0.414 0.363 0.363 0.363 0.363 0.363 0.363
1990 0.028 0.127 0.215 0.257 0.249 0.234 0.234 0.234 0.234 0.234 0.234
1991 0.030 0.137 0.244 0.292 0.286 0.263 0.263 0.263 0.263 0.263 0.263
1992 0.032 0.148 0.295 0.368 0.373 0.342 0.342 0.342 0.342 0.342 0.342
1993 0.025 0.132 0.297 0.412 0.441 0.402 0.402 0.402 0.402 0.402 0.402
1994 0.023 0.128 0.311 0.481 0.581 0.548 0.548 0.548 0.548 0.548 0.548
1995 0.018 0.103 0.238 0.375 0.503 0.496 0.496 0.496 0.496 0.496 0.496
1996 0.024 0.127 0.293 0.447 0.620 0.627 0.627 0.627 0.627 0.627 0.627
1997 0.033 0.161 0.379 0.540 0.721 0.689 0.689 0.689 0.689 0.689 0.689
1998 0.039 0.180 0.404 0.555 0.682 0.684 0.684 0.684 0.684 0.684 0.684
1999 0.047 0.205 0.434 0.562 0.656 0.630 0.630 0.630 0.630 0.630 0.630
2000 0.034 0.161 0.327 0.414 0.472 0.443 0.443 0.443 0.443 0.443 0.443
2001 0.035 0.166 0.359 0.458 0.496 0.453 0.453 0.453 0.453 0.453 0.453
2002 0.032 0.154 0.325 0.455 0.485 0.425 0.425 0.425 0.425 0.425 0.425
2003 0.037 0.173 0.372 0.536 0.635 0.571 0.571 0.571 0.571 0.571 0.571
2004 0.036 0.163 0.336 0.491 0.589 0.553 0.553 0.553 0.553 0.553 0.553
2005 0.038 0.167 0.339 0.500 0.631 0.605 0.605 0.605 0.605 0.605 0.605
2006 0.038 0.161 0.319 0.448 0.565 0.553 0.553 0.553 0.553 0.553 0.553
2007 0.039 0.162 0.324 0.472 0.600 0.581 0.581 0.581 0.581 0.581 0.581
2008 0.026 0.117 0.237 0.393 0.544 0.536 0.536 0.536 0.536 0.536 0.536
2009 0.021 0.094 0.187 0.319 0.478 0.491 0.491 0.491 0.491 0.491 0.491
2010 0.021 0.089 0.177 0.299 0.453 0.501 0.501 0.501 0.501 0.501 0.501
2011 0.022 0.093 0.192 0.317 0.463 0.506 0.506 0.506 0.506 0.506 0.506
2012 0.021 0.086 0.165 0.275 0.389 0.417 0.417 0.417 0.417 0.417 0.417
2013 0.015 0.064 0.111 0.176 0.262 0.326 0.326 0.326 0.326 0.326 0.326
2014 0.017 0.071 0.123 0.182 0.257 0.360 0.360 0.360 0.360 0.360 0.360
2015 0.022 0.091 0.161 0.224 0.293 0.409 0.409 0.409 0.409 0.409 0.409
2016 0.029 0.118 0.226 0.314 0.397 0.521 0.521 0.521 0.521 0.521 0.521
2017 0.039 0.153 0.307 0.441 0.518 0.598 0.598 0.598 0.598 0.598 0.598
2018 0.038 0.161 0.354 0.530 0.605 0.648 0.648 0.648 0.648 0.648 0.648
2019 0.036 0.163 0.385 0.616 0.634 0.613 0.613 0.613 0.613 0.613 0.613
2020 0.038 0.170 0.409 0.650 0.688 0.622 0.622 0.622 0.622 0.622 0.622
2021 0.039 0.174 0.413 0.665 0.732 0.676 0.676 0.676 0.676 0.676 0.676
2022 0.041 0.172 0.371 0.553 0.613 0.544 0.544 0.544 0.544 0.544 0.544
2023 0.052 0.203 0.411 0.579 0.601 0.498 0.498 0.498 0.498 0.498 0.498
2024 0.059 0.225 0.452 0.601 0.604 0.469 0.469 0.469 0.469 0.469 0.469
2025 0.058 0.224 0.450 0.596 0.598 0.464 0.464 0.464 0.464 0.464 0.464
 
Table 4.12. Northeast Arctic haddock. SAM model estimated fishing mortality-at-age. SAM model.
 
Year Age 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
 
1950 109205 99279 73820 36899 46521 16578 4932 2705 1377 1453 2049
1951 627326 56171 45134 26820 12672 12341 5388 1926 1004 444 1089
1952 83903 422960 32370 19056 9013 4292 3826 1645 730 355 509
1953 1175428 49840 209003 14438 6407 2662 1334 1062 537 251 308
1954 130455 885992 25851 91828 6986 2339 1092 548 391 200 226
1955 58576 84299 620245 14554 51512 3103 923 454 236 161 168
1956 221231 40861 55900 320224 7235 17614 1441 403 213 112 153
1957 60392 148229 27646 35753 111024 3088 6156 696 168 98 128
1958 73501 40295 91829 15503 20530 40272 1621 2518 347 84 117
1959 382306 51838 26170 40063 7328 7272 14936 717 907 145 86
1960 312759 263706 35713 15594 17157 3465 3632 6212 355 374 107
1961 141716 190100 144793 17668 6951 8007 1590 1505 2808 154 205
1962 288516 85170 91652 59390 6769 2697 3273 658 610 1166 139
1963 310273 174590 37685 26427 17517 2637 1085 1230 273 244 538
1964 349427 198074 75335 12243 7708 5819 1213 440 509 122 346
1965 125264 239043 114569 30255 4176 2799 2268 531 198 218 210
1966 308278 82034 157882 61677 12336 1706 1279 949 268 91 187
1967 336411 199088 43520 72304 24748 4866 791 602 452 130 132
1968 18630 244826 117376 21901 35935 12409 2357 409 313 233 136
1969 20294 12119 140694 54866 10670 15727 5738 1166 197 156 175
1970 204608 12577 7579 69889 25063 5867 8055 3006 643 106 185
1971 110060 132966 7129 4520 33307 12256 3334 4541 1689 370 162
1972 1063159 80128 81165 4488 3089 17547 6729 1999 2769 1022 314
1973 309302 613376 45603 23373 1692 1533 7663 2914 921 1373 610
1974 64978 168222 252478 16442 10694 878 995 4442 1679 542 1211
1975 58765 37015 90272 140233 6825 4973 445 551 2143 816 924
1976 59524 33587 16601 44241 78693 3171 2769 244 325 1145 961
1977 120299 30288 13748 6470 17671 30362 1295 1183 102 145 810
1978 211943 54625 9624 4462 2893 7755 15022 631 562 44 430
1979 159503 116393 23102 3225 2035 1398 4090 7070 337 272 226
1980 23166 101991 58069 8297 1152 1040 712 2151 3476 174 240
1981 10834 16190 62866 26080 3458 550 553 377 1132 1715 213
1982 16365 7133 11192 31460 10527 1724 277 304 215 618 959
1983 8087 11159 4767 6820 13608 5594 982 146 175 125 805
1984 13091 4944 6647 2795 3887 8775 2898 576 80 103 520
1985 357274 8968 2849 3596 1796 2555 5336 1843 367 51 397
1986 476016 275369 5239 1567 1837 992 1461 2782 1024 204 260
1987 91595 250107 154890 2556 642 787 468 674 1205 469 207
1988 39726 70401 135599 46132 1068 230 318 203 298 506 279
1989 27985 26102 49084 70494 12249 546 95 151 98 143 363
1990 36259 20597 17341 26283 32727 5522 351 58 87 56 275
1991 108038 24515 13589 14116 20140 20216 3159 246 39 57 204
1992 317123 82171 15797 10061 10364 12560 12587 1895 162 25 157
1993 807521 218975 56427 10503 5909 6207 7598 7239 1053 99 106
1994 388099 563086 151472 31131 4652 3142 3715 4689 4272 593 114
1995 99893 222155 422904 77675 14540 2077 1428 1842 2163 2108 337
1996 99365 61536 166063 244574 32069 7203 1073 706 920 1081 1240
1997 119217 55574 37872 95308 102850 13927 2518 486 310 407 1071
1998 63007 79976 35390 17934 36956 38440 5228 991 206 130 688
1999 146615 48525 47265 17553 8858 15746 13696 1911 409 91 374
2000 82744 116962 30976 21563 6924 4249 6576 5387 809 186 222
2001 357393 69177 92018 16824 10264 3495 2544 3500 2656 435 229
2002 385143 290591 51908 47075 9190 5484 1875 1426 1920 1397 349
2003 333954 255179 191564 34423 24302 4598 3448 1205 817 1086 991
2004 256154 169937 162939 110293 16475 10591 2158 1646 606 388 1061
2005 354219 170232 94610 109331 50127 6687 5427 1137 730 303 774
2006 153964 215189 108565 52291 44926 20509 3226 2779 553 344 525
2007 510371 120816 163638 61527 27035 19068 8193 1752 1456 282 436
2008 1048496 443192 96502 102061 21706 14226 7133 3315 887 706 351
2009 979985 688572 364960 61588 39909 10217 5372 3154 1467 485 577
2010 234126 654904 582499 229779 31969 15032 4823 2751 1612 782 622
2011 116753 189388 532448 413472 121997 13937 6246 2135 1348 826 800
2012 332647 72969 134925 386010 260450 54631 6090 2578 1032 693 912
2013 117381 197582 57715 93465 269090 124646 23777 3123 1398 582 951
2014 402425 73108 145650 49704 86625 142262 61280 10866 1835 869 963
2015 72042 278986 66129 92741 40543 67844 72638 25704 5344 997 1002
2016 207043 49951 166172 46355 62202 33028 48476 37708 12801 2565 983
2017 192788 173668 33632 109626 28253 36537 18427 21644 17865 5607 1477
2018 354062 134181 123682 24687 43504 14635 17673 8777 9200 8414 3120
2019 776087 234755 87101 61980 16278 17293 6891 7511 3638 3837 4236
2020 414649 495082 152514 44895 22074 8369 7086 3393 3194 1720 3332
2021 155855 256157 331207 65513 18003 7903 3830 2891 1604 1460 2194
2022 45328 138208 178235 158707 26355 6318 2937 1561 1149 693 1484
2023 166467 33367 102157 109411 69824 9908 2707 1277 723 556 1016
2024 427761 100331 25683 57426 51877 30239 4196 1301 610 367 778
2025 532133 282978 58948 13390 27447 24704 15639 2125 664 312 585
 
Table 4.13. Northeast Arctic haddock. SAM model. Estimated stock numbers-at-age.
Year 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
 
1950 0.338 0.253 0.24 0.238 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1951 0.338 0.253 0.24 0.238 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1952 0.338 0.253 0.24 0.238 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1953 0.338 0.253 0.24 0.238 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1954 0.338 0.253 0.24 0.238 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1955 0.338 0.253 0.24 0.238 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1956 0.338 0.253 0.24 0.238 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1957 0.338 0.253 0.24 0.238 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1958 0.338 0.253 0.24 0.238 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1959 0.338 0.253 0.24 0.238 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1960 0.338 0.253 0.24 0.238 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1961 0.338 0.253 0.24 0.238 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1962 0.338 0.253 0.24 0.238 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1963 0.338 0.253 0.24 0.238 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1964 0.338 0.253 0.24 0.238 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1965 0.338 0.253 0.24 0.238 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1966 0.338 0.253 0.24 0.238 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1967 0.338 0.253 0.24 0.238 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1968 0.338 0.253 0.24 0.238 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1969 0.338 0.253 0.24 0.238 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1970 0.338 0.253 0.24 0.238 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1971 0.338 0.253 0.24 0.238 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1972 0.338 0.253 0.24 0.238 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1973 0.338 0.253 0.24 0.238 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1974 0.338 0.253 0.24 0.238 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1975 0.338 0.253 0.24 0.238 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1976 0.338 0.253 0.24 0.238 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1977 0.338 0.253 0.24 0.238 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1978 0.338 0.253 0.24 0.238 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1979 0.338 0.253 0.24 0.238 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1980 0.338 0.253 0.24 0.238 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1981 0.338 0.253 0.24 0.238 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1982 0.338 0.253 0.24 0.238 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1983 0.338 0.253 0.24 0.238 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1984 0.215 0.22 0.213 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1985 0.209 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1986 0.636 0.262 0.2 0.21 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1987 0.2 0.207 0.415 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1988 0.38 0.2 0.2 0.385 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1989 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.231 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1990 0.33 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1991 0.202 0.214 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1992 0.215 0.204 0.202 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1993 0.252 0.246 0.273 0.257 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1994 0.288 0.211 0.289 0.223 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1995 0.379 0.339 0.313 0.29 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1996 0.72 0.32 0.247 0.278 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1997 0.501 0.265 0.256 0.277 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1998 0.231 0.29 0.268 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1999 0.2 0.208 0.272 0.263 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2000 0.213 0.2 0.215 0.244 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2001 0.21 0.2 0.225 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2002 0.322 0.211 0.2 0.203 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2003 0.415 0.247 0.206 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2004 0.413 0.298 0.2 0.228 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2005 0.395 0.302 0.229 0.268 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2006 0.222 0.214 0.275 0.209 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2007 0.295 0.2 0.235 0.326 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2008 0.374 0.272 0.263 0.333 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2009 0.404 0.246 0.277 0.255 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2010 0.357 0.246 0.27 0.279 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2011 0.526 0.465 0.303 0.224 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2012 0.589 0.31 0.202 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2013 0.453 0.333 0.244 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2014 0.282 0.205 0.218 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2015 0.338 0.392 0.209 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2016 0.301 0.2 0.243 0.226 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2017 0.339 0.294 0.231 0.407 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2018 0.435 0.266 0.268 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2019 0.372 0.263 0.223 0.282 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2020 0.348 0.357 0.293 0.224 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2021 0.215 0.2 0.243 0.218 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2022 0.345 0.2 0.2 0.221 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2023 0.279 0.214 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2024 0.257 0.255 0.23 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2025 0.257 0.255 0.23 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
 
Table 4.14. Northeast Arctic haddock. SAM model. Natural mortality estimated age 3-6 from 0.20 + consumption from cod, ages 7-13+ natural mortality set to 0.2.
YEAR RECR_a3 TOTBIO TOTSPB LANDINGS YIELDSSB SOPCOFAC FBAR 4–7
1950 81677 242242 134529 132125 0.9821 1.5897 0.8315
1951 663622 354239 101024 120077 1.1886 1.2272 0.6242
1952 76240 234936 57440 127660 2.2225 1.7404 0.7248
1953 1264003 508893 82405 123920 1.5038 1.4279 0.5162
1954 151250 536523 117188 156788 1.3379 1.474 0.3805
1955 68041 484886 178637 202286 1.1324 1.536 0.512
1956 206957 474081 243486 213924 0.8786 1.2623 0.4335
1957 65596 325912 186222 123583 0.6636 1.2455 0.4328
1958 86292 276560 156921 112672 0.718 1.1252 0.519
1959 395168 363527 133216 88211 0.6622 0.9405 0.3672
1960 287477 399949 114568 154651 1.3499 1.0411 0.4845
1961 129789 390654 129899 193224 1.4875 0.9942 0.637
1962 288717 345543 118812 187408 1.5773 1.0518 0.801
1963 338192 309650 82597 146224 1.7703 1.1458 0.8655
1964 394864 300687 63783 99158 1.5546 1.3572 0.6528
1965 123280 357098 95353 118578 1.2436 1.1507 0.4938
1966 291448 386593 127441 161778 1.2694 1.1621 0.5838
1967 359235 466398 154432 136397 0.8832 0.9984 0.4152
1968 23722 420706 169413 181726 1.0727 0.9976 0.5035
1969 21252 342151 184036 130820 0.7108 0.882 0.3975
1970 200821 285972 156039 88257 0.5656 0.9762 0.358
1971 121458 344845 168534 78905 0.4682 0.7638 0.2468
1972 1242369 616109 122911 266153 2.1654 1.0883 0.6925
1973 339326 601872 114569 322226 2.8125 1.1656 0.537
1974 68685 602582 200548 221157 1.1028 0.8946 0.4322
1975 59735 492450 256090 175758 0.6863 0.8957 0.4275
1976 66435 307132 206675 137264 0.6642 1.12 0.5712
1977 133592 228676 141794 110158 0.7769 1.09 0.6845
1978 211904 255336 130559 95422 0.7309 0.9219 0.512
1979 174603 317372 129485 103623 0.8003 0.7684 0.552
1980 34438 342532 133155 87889 0.6601 0.7568 0.3982
1981 13306 292519 148158 77153 0.5207 0.7174 0.4018
1982 17254 211659 127181 46955 0.3692 0.7224 0.3093
1983 9509 104296 71460 24600 0.3442 1.0373 0.2715
1984 13434 83502 64118 20945 0.3267 1.0547 0.2498
1985 288301 182801 62013 45052 0.7265 0.9761 0.32
1986 527812 343187 62296 100563 1.6143 1.0484 0.4388
1987 109761 333920 75055 154916 2.064 0.992 0.5958
1988 54817 260031 78423 95255 1.2146 0.9955 0.499
1989 26591 212726 91989 58518 0.6361 0.9774 0.3892
1990 36934 170801 95308 27182 0.2852 1.0159 0.1562
1991 104276 195370 110525 36216 0.3277 1.0374 0.2082
1992 207548 269163 125748 59922 0.4765 0.9797 0.2838
1993 661420 442058 130406 82379 0.6317 1.0031 0.359
1994 292013 545112 150591 135186 0.8977 1.0056 0.425
1995 97769 541424 166124 142448 0.8575 1.0247 0.3828
1996 102109 474111 193160 178128 0.9222 1.0175 0.4235
1997 115462 351358 170081 154359 0.9076 1.0519 0.4862
1998 58315 250670 128542 100630 0.7829 1.0113 0.4235
1999 230844 253844 96266 83195 0.8642 1.021 0.4212
2000 89291 252459 89291 68944 0.7721 1.026 0.2802
2001 365849 359747 115898 89640 0.7734 0.9903 0.2792
2002 341859 445830 135007 114798 0.8503 1.011 0.317
2003 222966 476398 158105 138926 0.8787 1.019 0.4298
2004 223988 457207 164946 158279 0.9596 1.0192 0.3812
2005 345084 471750 174290 158298 0.9082 1.0029 0.493
2006 155170 415444 147917 153157 1.0354 0.9938 0.4088
2007 662178 496229 144142 161525 1.1206 0.9916 0.4288
2008 1330118 736982 149335 155604 1.042 0.9928 0.3955
2009 1447015 1075967 172388 200061 1.1605 1.0019 0.3585
2010 523446 1255703 238160 249200 1.0464 0.9994 0.2985
2011 243968 1282531 350009 309785 0.8851 0.9978 0.32
2012 382118 1164362 437237 315627 0.7219 0.9994 0.2652
2013 150303 991705 485092 193744 0.3994 0.9967 0.133
2014 374732 993346 532091 177522 0.3336 0.9968 0.1108
2015 100817 932603 546389 194756 0.3564 0.9953 0.158
2016 252599 839082 513257 233183 0.4543 1.0006 0.2248
2017 172395 710594 426046 227588 0.5342 0.994 0.3512
2018 315402 574608 308100 191276 0.6208 0.9943 0.426
2019 712887 593297 224182 175402 0.7824 0.9963 0.5128
2020 397126 605020 176880 182468 1.0316 0.9962 0.5825
2021 181783 545520 158732 204743 1.2899 0.9981 0.585
2022 65914 460587 154516 176906 1.1449 0.998 0.5145
2023 157194 397908 161601 178898 1.107 0.9854 0.4992
2024 413932 400606 143462 139992 0.9758 0.9956 0.562
Table 4.15. Northeast Arctic haddock. Summary XSA (p-shrinkage not applied, F shrinkage= 0.5). FLR Tue Jun 03 19:01:02 2025.
YC recruitment NT1 NT2 NT3 NAK1 NAK2 NAK3 EC01 ECO2
1990 807521 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
1991 388099 NA NA 314.50 NA NA 348.73 NA NA
1992 99893 NA 224.79 54.90 NA 187.96 41.47 NA NA
1993 99365 604.2 199.52 55.80 887.82 88.59 29.97 NA NA
1994 119217 1429.0 265.08 79.60 1198.18 94.52 57.27 NA NA
1995 63007 300.8 90.81 21.70 132.6 26.51 33.78 NA NA
1996 146615 1117.8 196.70 56.90 508.87 150.99 83.67 NA NA
1997 82744 248.3 83.20 24.10 210.96 30.11 36.39 NA NA
1998 357393 1208.0 437.22 294.00 653.4 404.77 233.45 NA NA
1999 385143 832.3 446.84 312.90 1063.01 266.12 255.2 NA NA
2000 333954 1231.0 475.31 352.20 753.01 267.9 203.68 NA NA
2001 256154 1700.2 471.68 173.10 1315.15 362.35 151.01 NA NA
2002 354219 3327.3 706.61 317.90 2743.74 466.54 221.33 NA 268.46
2003 153964 700.9 386.39 78.80 528.97 143.98 56.32 188.99 114.24
2004 510371 4473.2 1310.22 443.30 2276.46 624.78 209.28 603.79 929.12
2005 1048496 4944.6 1684.83 1591.00 2091.11 953.5 812.41 2270.19 1818.93
2006 979985 3731.2 2042.01 1230.40 2015.71 1753.54 883.68 988.39 1291.86
2007 234126 853.1 317.05 102.50 778.39 209.05 128.07 322.02 143.82
2008 116753 562.6 79.90 52.90 443.93 86.03 54.16 134.83 65.09
2009 332647 1634.8 353.87 316.10 1559.42 288.27 191.63 274.35 113.56
2010 117381 676.3 137.38 57.40 428.46 94.54 67.29 105.26 41.53
2011 402425 1867.0 490.28 381.20 1583.44 407.16 334.82 591.10 222.99
2012 72042 344.6 123.95 30.60 292.71 109.92 24.35 155.94 75.05
2013 207043 1281.4 342.02 163.40 1838.71 246.59 71.81 264.81 145.25
2014 192788 1134.0 561.96 134.94 1593.12 107.18 81.15 319.96 144.86
2015 354062 2299.4 770.00 336.31 1276 331.42 171.03 793.77 189.25
2016 776087 5065.4 1675.64 1075.55 3343.93 810.16 507.61 935.79 NA
2017 414649 3823.3 1125.27 424.22 2925.9 687.8 286.32 NA 585.30
2018 155855 1898.2 267.79 109.80 1544.96 260.72 50.76 379.39 57.78
2019 45328 110.6 25.12 12.20 272.94 15.69 11.4 26.82 35.88
2020 166467 406.3 110.30 82.50 431.68 70.15 77 107.62 106.65
2021 427761 1662.1 583.90 346.71 1797.1 511.1 337.4 691.82 964.83
2022 532133 1343.8 650.98 477.03 1032.7 634 369.4 648.48 174.85
2023 NA 2179.5 843.01 NA 1690.2 529.2 NA 322.44 NA
2024 NA 4369.7 NA NA 4070.5 NA NA NA NA
Table 4.16. Northeast Arctic haddock. Input data for recruitment prediction (RCT3)- recruits as 3 year-olds. R3: recruitment estimate from SAM 2024. NT1: Norwegian Russian winter bottom trawl survey age 1 NT2: Norwegian Russian winter bottom trawl survey age. NAK1: Norwegian Russian winter acoustic survey age 1 NAK2: Norwegian Russian winter acoustic survey age 2. ECO1: Ecosystem survey age 1. ECO2: Ecosystem survey age 2. The Russian survey (RT) was discontinued in 2017 and has not been used for recruitment forecast since.
yearclass: 2022                  
index slope intercept se rsquare n indices prediction se.pred WAP.weights
NT1 0.8353 6.421 0.3887 0.8343 20 7.204 12.44 0.4431 0.06452
NT2 0.7431 8.017 0.3372 0.8700 20 6.480 12.83 0.3894 0.08354
NT3 0.6644 8.956 0.1028 0.9863 20 6.170 13.06 0.1207 0.31667
NAK1 1.1245 4.441 0.5070 0.7474 20 6.941 12.25 0.5778 0.03795
NAK2 0.7854 8.129 0.3696 0.8478 20 6.454 13.20 0.4373 0.06625
NAK3 0.7393 8.838 0.1612 0.9669 20 5.915 13.21 0.1919 0.31667
ECO1 0.8651 7.399 0.4125 0.8296 18 6.476 13.00 0.4889 0.05300
ECO2 0.8289 8.056 0.4695 0.7636 19 5.170 12.34 0.5418 0.04315
yearclass: 2023                  
index slope intercept se rsquare n indices prediction se.pred WAP.weights
NT1 0.8917 6.082 0.4685 0.7771 20 7.687 12.94 0.5414 0.14719
NT2 0.7636 7.925 0.3503 0.8621 20 6.738 13.07 0.4087 0.25824
NT3 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
NAK1 1.2305 3.761 0.6117 0.6716 20 7.433 12.9 0.7045 0.08690
NAK2 0.7766 8.178 0.3564 0.8580 20 6.273 13.05 0.4152 0.25019
NAK3 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
ECO1 0.8728 7.369 0.4074 0.8336 19 5.779 12.41 0.4698 0.19547
ECO2 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
yearclass: 2024                  
index slope intercept se rsquare n indices prediction se.pred WAP.weights
NT1 0.8847 6.137 0.4824 0.7709 19 8.383 13.55 0.5933 0.4869
NT2 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
NT3 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
NAK1 1.2314 3.747 0.6250 0.6671 19 8.312 13.98 0.7968 0.2700
NAK2 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
NAK3 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
ECO1 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
ECO2 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
  WAP logWAP int.se            
yearclass: 2022 432712 12.98 0.08956            
yearclass: 2023 384665 12.86 0.20770            
yearclass: 2024 649065 13.38 0.41401            
Table 4.17. Northeast Arctic haddock Analysis by RCT3 ver3.1 - R translation. Data for 6 surveys over 32 year classes : 1990 – 2024 Regression type = C, Tapered time weighting applied, power = 3 over 20 years, Survey weighting not applied, Final estimates shrunk towards mean, Estimates with S.E.'S greater than that of mean included, Minimum S.E. for any survey taken as 0.2, Minimum of 3 points used for regression, Forecast/Hindcast variance correction used.
2025                  
  Age N M Mat PF PM SWt Sel CWt
  3 532133 0.294 0.028 0 0 0.258 0.0530 0.680
  4 282978 0.223 0.099 0 0 0.549 0.2100 0.963
  5 58948 0.21 0.215 0 0 0.798 0.4310 1.153
  6 13390 0.207 0.531 0 0 1.341 0.6060 1.578
  7 27447 0.2 0.7 0 0 1.597 0.6350 1.734
  8 24704 0.2 0.82 0 0 1.87 0.5280 1.986
  9 15639 0.2 0.897 0 0 2.178 0.5280 2.207
  10 2125 0.2 0.954 0 0 2.677 0.5280 2.540
  11 664 0.2 1.000 0 0 3.486 0.5280 2.882
  12 312 0.2 1.000 0 0 3.699 0.5280 3.118
  13 585 0.2 1.000 0 0 3.966 0.5280 3.861
2026                  
  Age N M Mat PF PM SWt Sel CWt
  3 384665 0.294 0.031 0 0 0.276 0.053 0.699
  4 - 0.223 0.08 0 0 0.48 0.210 0.889
  5 - 0.21 0.245 0 0 0.865 0.431 1.214
  6 - 0.207 0.427 0 0 1.13 0.606 1.386
  7 - 0.2 0.755 0 0 1.75 0.635 1.825
  8 - 0.2 0.851 0 0 1.997 0.528 1.999
  9 - 0.2 0.909 0 0 2.26 0.528 2.234
  10 - 0.2 0.947 0 0 2.573 0.528 2.496
  11 - 0.2 1.000 0 0 3.075 0.528 2.75
  12 - 0.2 1.000 0 0 3.65 0.528 3.074
  13 - 0.2 1.000 0 0 4 0.528 3.527
2027                  
  Age N M Mat PF PM SWt Sel CWt
  3 649065 0.294 0.031 0 0 0.269 0.053 0.692
  4 - 0.223 0.088 0 0 0.51 0.21 0.921
  5 - 0.21 0.2 0 0 0.764 0.431 1.122
  6 - 0.207 0.473 0 0 1.22 0.606 1.468
  7 - 0.2 0.657 0 0 1.487 0.635 1.669
  8 - 0.2 0.884 0 0 2.164 0.528 2.075
  9 - 0.2 0.926 0 0 2.391 0.528 2.245
  10 - 0.2 0.952 0 0 2.651 0.528 2.517
  11 - 0.2 1.000 0 0 2.944 0.528 2.712
  12 - 0.2 1.000 0 0 3.261 0.528 2.986
  13 - 0.2 1.000 0 0 3.966 0.528 3.491
Table 4.18. Northeast Arctic haddock. Prediction with management option table: Input data (based on SAM estimates and forecast estimates according to stock annex).
2025            
Biomass SSB FMult FBar Landings  
493210 149206 0.8516 0.4007 130000    
2026         2027  
Biomass SSB FMult FBar Landings Biomass SSB
583540 157726 0 0 0 870223 265334
. . 0.1 0.047 23151 849616 254503
. . 0.2 0.0941 45447 829837 244179
. . 0.3 0.1412 66927 810848 234338
. . 0.4 0.1882 87625 792613 224955
. . 0.5 0.2352 107575 775099 216009
. . 0.6 0.2823 126810 758273 207477
. . 0.7 0.3294 145360 742104 199339
. . 0.8 0.3764 163255 726562 191577
. . 0.9 0.4234 180522 711620 184171
. . 1 0.4705 197189 697250 177105
. . 1.1 0.5176 213279 683428 170361
. . 1.2 0.5646 228818 670129 163924
. . 1.3 0.6116 243829 657330 157780
. . 1.4 0.6587 258333 645010 151913
. . 1.5 0.7058 272353 633147 146311
. . 1.6 0.7528 285906 621721 140961
. . 1.7 0.7999 299014 610714 135850
. . 1.8 0.8469 311693 600107 130968
. . 1.9 0.894 323962 589883 126303
. . 2 0.941 335837 580026 121844
Table 4.19. Northeast Arctic haddock. Prediction with management option table for 2025-2027
Year: 2025 F multiplier: 1.0962 Fbar: 0.4007  
age CatchN CatchYield F SSB (Jan) StockBiomass (Jan) StockN (Jan)
3 20368 13850 0.0451 3844 137290 532133
4 41673 40131 0.1788 15380 155355 282978
5 16439 18954 0.367 10114 47040.5 58948
6 4919 7762 0.5161 9535 17956 13390
7 10484 18179 0.5407 30683 43832.9 27447
8 8169 16224 0.4496 37881 46196.5 24704
9 5171 11413 0.4496 30553 34061.7 15639
10 703 1785 0.4496 5427 5688.63 2125
11 220 633 0.4496 2315 2314.7 664
12 103 322 0.4496 1154 1154.09 312
13 193 747 0.4496 2320 2320.11 585
TOTAL 108442 130000   149206 493210 958925
Year: 2026 F multiplier: 0.7439 Fbar: 0.35  
age CatchN CatchYield F SSB (Jan) StockBiomass (Jan) StockN (Jan)
3 12897 9015 0.0394 3291 106168 384665
4 49285 43815 0.1562 14557 181961 379085
5 47107 57188 0.3206 40126 163778 189339
6 10935 15156 0.4508 15973 37406.6 33103.2
7 2235 4078 0.4724 8585 11371.1 6497.76
8 3878 7751 0.3928 22238 26131.9 13085.6
9 3823 8540 0.3928 26504 29157.2 12901.4
10 2420 6041 0.3928 19901 21014.5 8167.3
11 329 904 0.3928 3413 3412.51 1109.76
12 103 316 0.3928 1266 1265.7 346.767
13 139 490 0.3928 1874 1873.8 468.449
TOTAL 133149 153293   157726 583540 1028769
Year: 2027 F multiplier: 0.82551 Fbar: 0.33  
age CatchN CatchYield F SSB (Jan) StockBiomass (Jan) StockN (Jan)
3 20587 14246 0.0373 5413 174598 649065
4 34000 31314 0.1476 12369 140555 275599
5 61497 69000 0.3030 39643 198216 259445
6 35157 51610 0.4260 64271 135880 111377
7 5638 9409 0.4464 16752 25498 17147
8 938 1946 0.3712 6346 7178 3317
9 2046 4592 0.3712 16016 17296 7234
10 2017 5076 0.3712 17999 18906 7132
11 1277 3463 0.3712 13292 13292 4515
12 173 518 0.3712 2001 2001 613
13 127 445 0.3712 1787 1787 451
TOTAL 163457 191620   195888 735208 1335895
Table 4.20. Northeast Arctic haddock. Prediction single option table for 2023-2025 based on HCR. MFDP R version data from file fhcr_fmgmt.xls. Fbar age range: 4-7. Input units are thousands and kg - output in tonnes.
Northeast Arctic haddock landings (top left 1950-2024), fishing mortality (top right 1950-2024), recruitment (bottom left 1950-2024), and total stock biomass for ages 3+ (TSB) and spawning-stock biomass (SSB) (bottom right 1950–2024). The reference points in the SSB and TSB plot refers to the spawning stock biomass. Fishing mortality and total and spawning stock biomass are given with point wise 95% confidence intervals (shaded areas), recruitment is given with upper 95% confidence interval (bar).
Figure 4.1. Northeast Arctic haddock landings (top left 1950-2024), fishing mortality (top right 1950-2024), recruitment (bottom left 1950-2024), and total stock biomass for ages 3+ (TSB) and spawning-stock biomass (SSB) (bottom right 1950–2024). The reference points in the SSB and TSB plot refers to the spawning stock biomass. Fishing mortality and total and spawning stock biomass are given with point wise 95% confidence intervals (shaded areas), recruitment is given with upper 95% confidence interval (bar).
Figure 3.8. Medium term prediction of NEA cod stock dynamics and TAC according to HCR based on assessments of current year and previous year.
Figure 4.2. Northeast Arctic haddock; one step ahead residuals for the final SAM run 2025. Blue circles indicate positive residuals (observations larger than predicted) and red circles indicate negative residuals.

 

 

Figure 4.3 Northeast Arctic haddock. 5 year retrospective plots of Recruitment (top left), catch (top middle) and TSB (top right), SSB (bottom left), and fishing mortality TSB (bottom right) for years 1950–2024 (2023 catches and F) (SAM with 95% confidence interval.
Figure 4.3 Northeast Arctic haddock. 5 year retrospective plots of Recruitment (top left), catch (top middle) and TSB (top right), SSB (bottom left), and fishing mortality TSB (bottom right) for years 1950–2024 (2023 catches and F) (SAM with 95% confidence interval.

 

 

Figure 4.4. Results of assessment of NEA haddock. Fbar(4-7), TSB, recruits and SSB from AFWG 2023 (black), JRN-AFWG 2024 (blue) and this year’s (2025) assessment (red) from 2014 and onwards.
Figure 4.4. Results of assessment of NEA haddock. Fbar(4-7), TSB, recruits and SSB from AFWG 2023 (black), JRN-AFWG 2024 (blue) and this year’s (2025) assessment (red) from 2014 and onwards.

 

 

Figure 4.5. Northeast Arctic haddock. Retrospective plots of SSB, fishing mortality and recruitment for assessment years 1950–2024 (left - XSA without P shrinkage, F shrinkage= 0.5) and right - for assessment years 1990–2025 from the TSVPA model.
Figure 4.5. Northeast Arctic haddock. Retrospective plots of SSB, fishing mortality and recruitment for assessment years 1950–2024 (left - XSA without P shrinkage, F shrinkage= 0.5) and right - for assessment years 1990–2025 from the TSVPA model.
   

 

Figure 4.6. Comparison of results of assessment of NEA haddock. Recruits, biomass, spawning biomass and F in 1990–2025 by different models: median SAM estimates, XSA with setting mentioned at section 4.9 and TISVPA with settings established in WKDEM 2020.
Figure 4.6. Comparison of results of assessment of NEA haddock. Recruits, biomass, spawning biomass and F in 1990–2025 by different models: median SAM estimates, XSA with setting mentioned at section 4.9 and TISVPA with settings established in WKDEM 2020.

 

 

 Figure 4.7 Standard selection pattern model (red) used for short-term forecasts at the current meeting.
Figure 4.7 Standard selection pattern model (red) used for short-term forecasts at the current meeting.

 

 

Figure 4.8 Top left: proportion of the stock (number of individuals) by age in 2025, output from SAM (Table 4.13).  Top right: proportion of yield in biomass by age forecasted for 2025, using TAC constraint for 2025, taken from Table 4.20. Bottom left: proportion of the stock (number of individuals) by age in 2026, taken from Table 4.20. Bottom right: proportion of yield in biomass by age forecasted for 2026 applying Fbar=0.35, taken from Table 4.20.
Figure 4.8 Top left: proportion of the stock (number of individuals) by age in 2025, output from SAM (Table 4.13). Top right: proportion of yield in biomass by age forecasted for 2025, using TAC constraint for 2025, taken from Table 4.20. Bottom left: proportion of the stock (number of individuals) by age in 2026, taken from Table 4.20. Bottom right: proportion of yield in biomass by age forecasted for 2026 applying Fbar=0.35, taken from Table 4.20.

 

Chapter 6. Beaked redfish in subareas 1 and 2 (Northeast Arctic)

 Status of the fisheries

Development of the fishery

A description of the historical development of the fishery in subareas 1 and 2 is found in the ICES stock annex (ICES 2018c) for this stock (Figure 6.1). An international pelagic fishery for S. mentella in the Norwegian Sea outside EEZs has developed since 2004 (Figure 6.2, left panel). This pelagic fishery, which is further described in the stock annex, is managed by the Northeast Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC). Since 2014 the directed demersal and pelagic fisheries are reopened in the Norwegian Economic Zone, the Fisheries Protection Zone around Svalbard and, for pelagic fisheries only, in the Fishing Zone around Jan Mayen. The spatial regulation for this fishery is illustrated in Figures 6.2 and 6.3. In 2024, most of the catches of S. mentella from the Norwegian fisheries were taken in the Norwegian Exclusive Economic Zone and from the Russian fisheries in the Fisheries Protection Zone around Svalbard.

Figure 6.2 (right panel) shows the location of Norwegian S. mentella catches in the Norwegian EEZ in 2024 as well as bycatch in other areas. The 44th Session of the Joint Norwegian-Russian Fisheries Commission decided to split the total TAC among countries as follows: Norway: 72%, Russia: 18%, Third countries: 10% (as bycatch in the fishery protection zone at Svalbard (Spitsbergen): 4.1%, and international waters of the Norwegian Sea (NEAFC-area): 5.9%). This split was confirmed at the 51 st session of the commission in 2021.

Bycatch in other fisheries

During 2003–2013, all catches of S. mentella, except the pelagic fishery in the Norwegian Sea outside EEZ, were taken as bycatches in other fisheries. Some of the pelagic catches are taken as bycatches in the blue whiting and herring fisheries. From 2014 onwards most of the catch is taken as targeted catch and no longer as bycatch, following the opening of a targeted fishery in the Norwegian EEZ, Svalbard Fisheries Protection Zone and around Jan Mayen. When fishing for other species it has since 2013 been allowed to have up to 20% redfish (both species together) in round weight as bycatch outside 12 nautical miles and only 10% bycatch inside 12 nautical miles to better protect S. norvegicus.

Landings prior to 2025 (Tables 6.1–6.7, Figure 6.1)

Nominal catches of S. mentella by country for subareas 1 and 2 combined are presented in Table 6.1, while they are presented separately for Subarea 1 and divisions 2.a and 2.b in Tables 6.2–6.4. The pelagic catch of S. mentella in the Norwegian Sea outside EEZs reported to NEAFC and/or ICES amounted to 7 739 t in 2018, 6060 t in 2019, 5469 t in 2020, 2 872 t in 2021, 2 680t in 2022, 5t in 2023 and 1693t in 2024, as shown by country in Table 6.5. Nominal catches for both redfish species combined (i.e. S. mentella and S. norvegicus) by country are presented in Table 6.6. The sources of information used are catches reported to ICES, NEAFC, Norwegian and Russian authorities (foreign vessels fishing in the Norwegian and Russian economic zones) or direct reporting to the AFWG. Where catches are reported as Sebastes sp., they are split into S. norvegicus and S. mentella by AFWG experts based on available correlation between official catches of these two species in the considered areas. All tables have been updated with 2024 data. Total international landings in 1952–2024 are also shown in Figure 6.1.

JRN-AFWG advised an annual catch of no more than 66 779 t in 2023 and 70 164 t in 2024, corresponding to F = 0.097. In 2023, the catch was 60 466 t, of which only 5 t were reported from the pelagic fishery in international waters of the Norwegian Sea. As such, the catch was 6 313 t below the TAC advised by the JRN-AFWG in 2023, whereas in 2024, the total landings were 3 399 t below the advised TAC. Finally, JRN-AFWG 2024 advised an annual catch of no more than 67 191 t in 2025 and 69 177 t in 2026, corresponding to F = 0.077.

The redfish population in Subarea 4 (North Sea) is believed to belong to the Northeast Arctic stock. Since this area is outside the traditional areas handled by this Working Group, the catches are not included in the assessment. The total redfish landings (golden and beaked redfish combined) from Subarea 4 were up to 2003 between 1000–3000 t per year. Since 2005 the annual landings from this area have varied between 77 t (2024) and 341 t (2006) (Table 6.7).

Expected landings in 2025

JRN-AFWG has advised on the basis of precautionary considerations that the annual catch should be set at no more than 67 191 t in 2025. The 534st sessions of the Joint Norwegian-Russian Fisheries Commission decided to follow this advice.

In 2025, Norwegian fishing vessels can catch and land up to 486 3778 t of redfish in the Norwegian economic zone (NEZ) in a limited area north of 65°20’N (see map in Figure 6.3), in international waters and the fisheries zone around Jan Mayen. Only vessels with cod and saithe trawl permits can participate in the directed fishery for redfish. Each vessel which has the right to participate is assigned a maximum quota, which can be adjusted during the year, per how much of the national quota is exploited. The fishery may be stopped if the total quota is reached. This quota must also cover catches of redfish (both species) in other fisheries. It is prohibited to fish for redfish with bottom trawls in the period from 1 March until 10 May. Investigations were conducted in 2015–2016 to see if the protection of females during the main time of larvae release should be improved by extending the period of prohibited fishing until later in May, and to see if the area south of Bear Island (Area 20 in Figure 6.3) can be opened for directed fishing, either with or without sorting grid, and permissions were granted to a small number of vessels of the Norwegian reference fleet for an earlier onset of fishing to gain further data. The hitherto conclusion is that males dominated the catches (more than 70%) in the main fishing areas south and southwest of Bear Island during the investigations from late April until the directed fishery started on 10 May, and that the area south of Bear Island should stay closed during January-February due to smaller S. mentella inhabiting this area at the beginning of the year.

Since 2015, Russia has had access to the NEZ when fishing their quota share. In 2025 Russia may fish 12 094 t (18%) plus 2000 t transferred from Norway to Russia. Apart from this an additional 2200 t were transferred from Norway to Russia to cover bycatch of redfish (both species) in Russian fisheries targeting other species. The remaining 6 719 t are divided between third countries in the NEZ and Svalbard Zone and the NEAFC areas.

The Joint Russian-Norwegian Fisheries Commission agreed the possibility of transferring uo 10 % of national quotas for redfish (S. Mentella) from 2024 to 2025 (paragraph 8 of the Prptocol of the 54-st session).

Catch in the NEAFC areas in 2024 amounted to 1 693 t. In 2024, the total landings were 3 399 t below the advised TAC.

Data used in the assessment

Analytical assessment was conducted for this stock following recommendation from the benchmark assessment working group (WKREDFISH, ICES 2018a). Input datasets were updated with the most recently available data. The analytical assessment, based on a statistical catch-at-age model (SCAA), covers the period 1992–2023. The input data consists of the following tables:

  • Total catch in tonnes (Table 6.1)

  • Catch in tonnes in the pelagic fishery Norwegian Sea outside EEZs (Table 6.5)

  • Total catch numbers-at-age 6–19+ (Table 6.8)

  • Catch numbers-at-age 7–19+ in the pelagic fishery (Table 6.9)

  • Weight-at-age 2–19+ in the population (Table 6.12)

  • Maturity-at-age 2–19+ in the population (Table 6.14)

  • Russian autumn survey numbers-at-age 0–11 (Table 6.15)

  • Ecosystem survey numbers-at-age 2–15 (Table 6.17)

  • Winter survey numbers-at-age 2–15 (Table 6.18b)

  • Deep pelagic ecosystem survey proportions-at-age (Table 6.19)

There was no direct observation of catch numbers-at-age for the pelagic fishery in the Norwegian Sea outside EEZs in 2012–2023. Instead, numbers-at-age were estimated based on catch-at-age from previous or following year, and weight-at-age and fleet selectivities (section 6.2.2 in AFWG report 2013). In 2013, 2016, 2019 and 2022, observations from the scientific survey in the Norwegian Sea were used to derive numbers-at-age in the pelagic fishery. This was considered appropriate given that the survey operates in the area of the fishery, with a commercial pelagic trawl and at the time of the start of the fishery.

Length- composition from the fishery (Figure 6.4)

Comparison of length distributions of the Norwegian and Russian catches of S. mentella in 2022–2023 are shown in Figure 6.4. In 2022, the length distributions from Russian and Norwegian fleets were almost identical, with maximum catches around 38 cm length. In 2023, length of beaked redfish in Norwegian catches was slightly larger than in Russian catches. This may be due to differences in the fishing areas. The Russian fleet largely operated in area 2b, and the Norwegian fleet in area 2a. No Norwegian data were available for such comparison 2024.

Catch-at-age (Tables 6.8–6.11, Figure 6.5)

For JRN-AFWG 2022, catch-at-age in the Norwegian fishery was estimated using StoX-Reca for 2014 and 2020. For 2015, 2016 and 2018, running StoX-Reca failed and catch-at-age for the Norwegian Fishery was estimated using the older Biomass program in SAS (Table 6.8).

Not enough age readings were available to estimate catch-at-age in 2017, 2019 and 2021. For the pelagic fisheries 2017, 2018, 2020 and 2021 (Table 6.9) proportions-at-age in the catch were derived from proportions at-age in earlier years, weight-at-age and fleet selectivity (section 6.2.2 in AFWG report 2013). This procedure for estimating catch-at-age for recent years in which age data are not available is somewhat problematic. This is because the last year of observation has a large effect on the estimated catch-at-age for several years. At the assessment working group in 2017 and at the benchmark assessment in January 2018, the last year of observations for the catch-at-age was 2014 and the values for the years 2015 and 2016 were extrapolated. Once available, the data for 2015 (demersal) and 2016 (pelagic) were substantially different from these earlier extrapolations. In the 2022 assessment the catch-at-age observations in 2018, had a large effect on the years around it, producing a very large proportion of the 19+ class in the catch and a correspondingly high F. As the age structure in 2018 was based on less than 1000 aged fish it was decided to use a time-averaged age-length-key (ALK) to convert the length distribution in 2017-2019 and in 2021 to an age distribution. The time averaged ALK is based on the Norwegian age-length data back to 2009, excluding the years 2017, 2019 and 2021 and on commercial catches with demersal gears. The conversion still produced a fraction of the 19+-group of >60% but F was lower than in the standard method.

Several other options were considered. Firstly, extrapolation as in the standard method but extrapolating also the 19+-group and then rescaling to sum up to 100%, rather than calculating the 19+ as the difference between other ages and 100%. Secondly, calculating the fraction of each age-class as an average of the same cohort’s fraction in the year before and after. Thirdly, as an average of the fraction of the same age-class in the last 3 years with data or last 3 calendar years. Finally, using a combined Russian-Norwegian ALK for individual years. Whilst some of these options produced lower fishing mortalities for the 19+-group, the change in observed selectivity for the demersal catches since 2017 remained largely the same. Therefore, the option of a common ALK across years was chosen because a as the option with the most sensible underlying reasoning.

Age composition of the Russian and Norwegian catches in 2021 was calculated using the age–length key, based on Russian age readings. The joint age–length key for the last three years (2019–2021) was applied. In general, the age distribution in the Norwegian fishery was shifted towards older fish compared to the Russian fishery. In the Russian catches fish at age 15–16 dominated, while in the Norwegian catches 16–17 years old made up the majority of the catches (Figure 6.5). The proportion (by numbers) of individuals at age 18 and older in the Norwegian catches was almost twice as large as in the Russian ones.

For JRN-AFWG 2024, StoX-Reca again failed in producing catch-at-age data for Norwegian catch in 2022. In addition, the older Biomass program could not be run. A simplified method was therefore used. Catch-at-length was calculated (by gear “bottom trawl” and “pelagic trawl”, and by stratum “Norwegian statistical area 12/20” and “other areas”) through a length-weight relationship and length distributions from the Norwegian reference fleet. An age-length-key was used to convert catch-at-length to catch-at-age. Ages were not available for 2023, and proportions-at-age in the catch were derived from proportions at-age in earlier years, similar to earlier years.

Catch-at-age for the pelagic fleet in 2022 was derived from proportion-at-age in the scientific survey in the Norwegian Sea. Catch-at-age for the 2023 pelagic catches (only 5 tonnes) were extrapolated for 2023 like earlier years.

Age–length-keys for S. mentella are uncertain because of the slow growth rate of individuals and therefore these data should be used with caution. Given that age is difficult to derive from length it is important that age readings are available for the most recent years, at the time of the working group.

Weight-at-age (Tables 6.12, 6.13, Figures 6.6, 6.7)

In earlier assessment, weight-at-age in the stock was set equal to the weight-at-age in the catch. This turned out to be problematic because of important fluctuations in reported weight-at-age in the catch that cannot be xplained biologically (i.e. these are noisy data). In 2015, it was advised to either use a fixed weight-at-age for the 19+ group, or use a modelled weight-at-age based on catch and survey records (Planque, 2015). The second option was chosen. Weight-at-age in the population was modelled for each year using mixed-effect models of a von Bertalanffy growth function (in weight). In 2018 an attempt was made to model weight-at-age for each cohort (rather than each year of observation). This showed that the growth function is nearly invariant between cohorts. Therefore, it was decided to use a fixed (i.e. common to all years) weight-at-age as input to the Statistical Catch-at-age model. The observed and modelled weight-at-age are presented in Table 6.12 as well as Figures 6.6 and 6.7 (not updated after 2019).

Maturity-at-age (Table 6.14, Figure 6.8)

The proportion maturity-at-age was estimated for individual years using a mixed-effect statistical model (Table 6.14, Figure 6.8). Since JRN-AFWG 2024 maturity-at-age used in the statistical catch-at-age model are identical for every year, based on average values from the previous years.

Natural mortality

In previous years, natural mortality for S. mentella was set to 0.05 for all ages and all years. This was based on life-history correlates presented in Hoenig (1983). Thirty-nine alternative mortality estimates were explored during the 2018 benchmark workshop, based on the review work by Kenchington (2014) and several additional recent papers (Then et al., 2014; Hamel, 2014; Charnov et al., 2013). Overall, the mode of these natural mortality estimates is 0.058 which departs only slightly from the original estimate of 0.050 (Figure 6.9). WKREDFISH (ICES, 2018a) decided to continue using 0.050 as the value of M in the assessment model. These estimates were updated for a peer-reviewed paper submitted in 2022 (Höffle and Planque, 2023) with 44 estimators resulting in a mode of the distribution of 0.07.

Figure 6.10 shows cod’s predation on juvenile (5–14 cm) redfish during 1984–2020. This time-series confirms the presence of redfish juveniles and may be used as an indicator of redfish abundance. A clear difference is seen between the abundance/consumption ratio in the 1980s and at present. A change in survey trawl catchability (smaller meshes) from 1993 onwards (Jakobsen et al., 1997) and/or a change in the cod’s prey preference may cause this difference. As long as the trawl survey time-series has not been corrected for the change in catchability, the abundance index of juvenile redfish less than 15 cm during the 1980s might have been considerably higher, if this change in catchability had been corrected for. The decrease in the abundance of young redfish in the surveys during the 1990s is consistent with the decline in the consumption of redfish by cod. It is important that the estimation of the consumption of redfish by cod is being continued.

Scientific surveys

Following a dedicated review, ICES AFWG approved the use of the new SToX versions of winter and ecosystem surveys for use in the S. mentella assessment (WD 17 and WD 18 in ICES AFWG 2020). The group recommended that the data be monitored annually to identify if a significant portion of the mentella stock moves east of the strata system. The group further recommended that work continues to investigate redfish-specific strata systems for the winter survey.

The results from the following research vessel survey series were evaluated by the Working Group:

Surveys in the Barents Sea and Svalbard area (Tables 6.15–6.18, Figures 6.11, 6.12)

Russian bottom-trawl survey in the Svalbard and Barents Sea areas in October-December for 1978–2015 in fishing depths of 100–900 m (Table 6.15, Figure 6.11). ICES acronym: RU-BTr-Q4.

Russian-Norwegian Barents Sea ‘Ecosystem survey’ (bottom-trawl survey, August-September) from 1996–2024 in fishing depths of 100–500 m (Figures 6.11–6.12). Data disaggregated by age for the entire period 1996–2024 apart from 2010 (Tables 6.16b-6.17). ICES acronym: Since 2003 part of Eco-NoRu-Q3 (BTr), survey code: A5216.

Winter Barents Sea seabed-trawl survey (February) from 1986–2025 (jointly with Russia since 2000, except 2006 and 2007) in fishing depths of 100–500 m (Figures 6.11–6.12). Data disaggregated by age for the period 1992–2011, 2013, 2018 and 2020 (Table 6.18b). ICES acronym: BS-NoRu-Q1 (BTr), survey code: A6996.

The Norwegian survey initially designed for redfish and Greenland halibut is now part of the ecosystem survey and covers the Norwegian Economic Zone (NEZ) and Svalbard Fisheries Protection Zone incl. north and east of Spitsbergen during August 1996–2012 from less than 100 m to 800 m depth. This survey includes survey no. 2 above, and has been a joint survey with Russia since 2003, and since then called the Ecosystem survey. ICES acronym: Eco-NoRu-Q3 (Btr), survey code: A5216.

Pelagic survey in the Norwegian Sea (Table 6.19, Figures 6.13, 6.14)

The international deep pelagic ecosystem survey in the Norwegian Sea (WGIDEEPS, ICES 2016, survey code: A3357) monitors deep pelagic ecosystems, focusing on beaked redfish (S. mentella). The latest survey was conducted in the open Norwegian Sea from 22 July until 12 August 2022, following similar surveys in 2008, 2009, 2013, 2016 and 2019. The spatial coverage of the 2022 survey and the catch rates of beaked redfish in the 2019 survey are presented in Figure 6.13. The survey is scheduled every third year, but the 2025 survey has been postponed until 2026 Estimated numbers-at-age from this survey were presented at the benchmark assessment in 2018 and used in the SCAA model. Data for 2016 was updated in 2019, using additional age readings and numbers-at-age for the 2019 survey were presented during AFWG 2020, used in the assessment and updated for AFWG 2021. The details of the data preparation, using StoX, are available from WD7 of AFWG 2018 (Planque et al., 2018). The data used as input to the analytical assessment consists of proportions-at-age from age 2 to 75 years (Figure 6.14).

Additional surveys (Figures 6.15–6.17)

The international 0-group survey in the Svalbard and Barents Sea areas in August-September 1980–2024, is now part of the Ecosystem survey (Figures 6.15 and 6.16). ICES acronym: Eco-NoRu-Q3 (Btr), survey code: A5216.

A slope survey, “Egga-sør survey” was carried out by IMR from 29 February to 23 March 2024, following similar surveys in 2009, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2018, 2020 and 2022. The spatial coverage of the 2022 survey and the distribution of beaked redfish registered by acoustic is presented in Figure 6.17. Egga-Sør and Egga-Nord surveys operate on a biennial basis. The length and age distributions of beaked redfish from these surveys show consistent ageing in the population and gradual incoming of new cohorts after the recruitment failure period. These surveys are considered as candidates for data input to the analytical assessment of S. mentella (see also Planque, 2016).

Assessment

The group performed the analytical assessment using the statistical catch-at-age (SCAA) model reviewed at the benchmark in January 2018 (WKREDFISH, ICES 2018a). The model was configured as the benchmark baseline model which includes 53 parameters to be estimated and the model converged correctly.

Results of the assessment (Tables 6.20, 6.21, Figures 6.18–6.24)

Stock trends

The temporal patterns in recruitment-at-age 2 (Figures 6.18, 6.21) imply recruitment failure for the year classes 1996 to 2003 and indicate a return to high levels of recruitment. The estimates of year-class strength for recent years are uncertain due to limited age data from the winter and ecosystem surveys. Modelled spawning-stock biomass (SSB) increased from 1992 to 2007 (Table 6.21). In the late 2000s the total-stock biomass (TSB) consisted of a larger proportion of mature fish than in the 1990s. This is reversing as individuals from new successful year classes, but still immature, are growing. TSB has increased from about 1.0 to slightly below 1.5 million tonnes in the last 10 years (Table 6.21 and Figures 6.21–6.22). The concurrent decline in SSB from 2007 to 2014 can be attributed to the weak year classes (1996–2003) entering the mature stock. This trend has levelled off, and SSB has increased every year after 2017. SSB at the start of 2022 is estimated at 1 074 827 t.

Fishing mortality (Tables 6.20a,b–6.21, Figure 6.19)

The patterns of fleet selectivity-at-age indicate that most of the fish captured by the demersal fleet as well as the pelagic fleet in 2023 are of age 15 and older (Tables 6.20a,b and Figure 6.19). Model results at the benchmark workshop did show a gradual shift in the demersal selectivity towards older ages, a shift that was not observed after the 2015 catch-at-age data were incorporated in the model. This shift towards older ages is now again visible in the data from 2017 onwards, similar to what was observed in 2014. In 2023 F19+ is estimated at 0.08 (Table 6.21), with 0.077 for the demersal and 0.0002 for the pelagic fleets (Table 6.20a), respectively.

Survey selectivity patterns (Figure 6.20)

Winter and ecosystem surveys selectivity at age are very similar and show reduced selectivity for age 8 years and older, which is consistent with the known geographical distribution of different life stages of S. mentella (Figure 6.20). Conversely, the Russian survey shows a reduced selectivity for age 7 years and younger. This is believed to result from gear selectivity.

Residual patterns (Figure 6.23)

Residual patterns in catch and survey indices are presented in Figure 6.23a-e. There is generally no visible trend in the residuals for the Russian groundfish survey neither by age nor by year. Trends in residuals are visible in recent years for winter and ecosystem surveys and will need to be investigated further. Alternative methods for the estimation of the survey selectivity patterns will be investigated in the benchmark assessment planned for 2026 and could resolve the issue. Residual patterns for the demersal fleet indicate a similar fit of the model compared to AFWG 2018, when a time varying selectivity-at-age for this fleet was introduced.

Retrospective patterns (Figure 6.24)

The historical and analytical retrospective patterns for the years 2007 to 2016 are presented in Figures 6.24 and 6.25. All model parameters were estimated in each individual run. The most recent model run (last year of data 2023) is consistent with previous runs. As observed in previous assessments, the SSB time-series is smoother than before, due to fixed weight-at-age for every year. New data led to an increase in estimated SSB, up to >26% in the early years and around 2% to 4% in later years. The benchmark run stands out and this is due to the unavailability of recent catch-at-age data during the benchmark assessment (see section 6.2.2). The analytical retrospectives back to 2022 showed similar or up to ca. 7% upwards revision in SSB. The analytical retrospectives showed a consistent pattern for F12-18 until 2018 after which it started to deviate. Likewise, the pattern for F19+ was very similar in the analytical retrospectives, with small deviations from 2018 onwards.

Projections

FMSY at age 19+ is approximated using F0.1 and estimated at 0.084 (section 1.4 of the WKREBMSE report, ICES 2018b).

The estimated fishing mortality in 2023 is: F19+ = 0.077.

If the fishing mortality is maintained, this is expected to lead to a catch of 64 029 t in 2024, more than 6 000 t less than the advised TAC for 2024. This would lead to a SSB of 1 094 860 t in early 2025, catches of 67 191 t in 2025 and a SSB of 1 105 628 t in 2026. Zero catch in 2025 and 2026 would lead to SSB values of 1 168 451 t in 2026 and 1 246 963 t in 2027.

These projections assume that the selectivity patterns of the demersal and pelagic fleets are identical with those estimated for 2023. It is also assumed that the ratio of fishing mortality between these two fleets remains unchanged.

Additional considerations

Historical fluctuations in the recruitment-at-age 2 (Figures 6.18 and 6.21) are consistent with the 0-group survey index (Figure 6.16), although the 0-group survey index is not used as an input to the SCAA.

The population age structure derived from the model outputs for the old individuals (beyond 19+, Figure 6.22) is consistent with the age structure reported from the slope surveys although these are not yet used as input to the model.

Recent recruitment levels estimated with SCAA are highly uncertain since they rely on only a few years of observations and since the age readings from winter survey were not available for most of the recent years (i.e., not available in 2012, 2014-2017, 2019 or 2021-2023). The use of the autoregressive model for recruitment (random effects in the SCAA) which was introduced in 2018 allows for a projection of the recruitment in recent years, despite the current lack of age data.

Assessment summary (Table 6.21, Figure 6.21)

The history of the stock as described by the SCAA model for the period 1992–2023 is summarized in Table 6.21 and Figure 6.21. The key elements are as follows:

  • upward trend in Total-stock biomass from 1992 to 2006 followed by stabilization until 2011 and a new upward trend until the present,

  • upward trend in spawning-stock biomass from 1992 to 2007 followed by stabilization (or slight decline) until 2014 and subsequent increase,

  • recruitment failure for year classes 1996–2003 (2y old fish in 1998–2005),

  • good (although uncertain) recruitment for year classes born after 2005. Age data for recruits (at age 2y) after 2014 is limited.

  • Annual fishing mortality for the 19+ group throughout the assessment period varied between 0.002 and 0.085.

Comments to the assessment

Currently, the survey series used in the SCAA do not appropriately cover the geographical distribution of the adult population. Data from the pelagic survey in the Norwegian Sea has been reviewed in the last benchmark and is now included in the assessment model. Priority should be given to including additional data from the slope surveys that include older age groups, in analytical assessments in future (WD 5 in 2016).

The SCAA model relies on the availability of reliable age data in surveys and in the catch, and it requires a continuous effort to keep these data at an appropriate level.

Biological reference points

The proposed reference points estimated during the workshop on the management plan for S. mentella in (ICES 2018b) were:

Reference point Value
Blim 227 000 t
Bpa 315 000 t
FMSY19+= F0.1 0.084

Which are revised from those set during the benchmark in the same year (ICES 2018a) which were Bpa = 450 kt, Blim = 324 kt and FMSY19+ = F0.1 = 0.08.

Management advice

The present report updates the assessment and advises that when the status quo approach is applied, catches in 2025 should be no more than 67 191 tonnes, and catches in 2026 should be no more than 69 177 tonnes. This would correspond to a fishing mortality of F19+ = 0.077, whilst fishing pressure across the fishable age-classes would remain nearly constant.

Possible future development of the assessment

Many developments suggested in earlier years were presented and evaluated at the benchmark in January 2018. These include integrating a stochastic process model i) for recruitment-at-age 2, ii) for the annual component of fishing mortalities, and iii) to account for annual changes in fleet selectivities-at-age. In addition, iv) a right trapezoid population matrix, v) coding of older ages into flexible predefined age-blocks, and vi) integrating of data from pelagic surveys in the Norwegian Sea were implemented. The purpose of these new features was to reduce the number of parameters to estimate (i, ii), include new data on the older age fraction of the population (iv, v, vi) and account for possible temporal changes in selectivity linked to changes in the national and international fisheries and their regulations (iii).

A new benchmark on S. mentella will be conducted early 2026, where a new assessment model will be implemented. In preparation of this benchmark, age reading of S. mentella has been prioritized. A key feature of the new model should be a flexible index combining the partial coverage of the surveyed during current bottom trawl survey programs (Vihtakari et al., in prep). Also, the model should support the possibility to combine age and length data in catches, to mitigate the challenge of reading a sufficiently high number of otoliths. A pre-screening suggests that the new version of GADGET (GADGET 3) would constitute an appropriate choice of model system.

References

Charnov, E.L., Gislason, H., and Pope, J.G. 2013. Evolutionary assembly rules for fish life histories. Fish Fish. 14(2): 213-224.

Hamel, O.S. 2014. A method for calculating a meta-analytical prior for the natural mortality rate using multiple life history correlates. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 72(1): 62-69.

Höffle H. and Tranang C. A. 2020. Use of RstoX for recalculating numbers at age of Sebastes mentella from the joint NOR-RUS Barents Sea Ecosystem Survey in summer and autumn. WD18 - ICES AFWG2020.

Höffle H. and Planque B. (2023). Natural mortality estimations for beaked redfish (Sebastes mentella) - a long-lived ovoviviparous species of the Northeast Arctic. Fisheries Research 260: 106581.

Hoenig, J. M. 1983. Empirical use of longevity data to estimate mortality rates. Fisheries Bulletin U.S. 81:898-903.

ICES 2013. Report of the Arctic Fisheries Working Group, Copenhagen, 18-24 April 2013. ICES C.M. 2013/ACOM:05, 726 pp.

ICES 2016. Final Report of the Working Group on International Deep Pelagic Ecosystem Surveys (WGIDEEPS). ICES CM, ICES CM 2016/SSGIEOM:02: 21pp.

ICES. 2018a. Report of the Benchmark Workshop on Redfish Stocks (WKREDFISH), 29 January-2 February 2018, Copenhagen, Denmark. ICES CM 2018/ACOM:34. 174 pp.

ICES. 2018b. Report of the Workshop on the evaluation of harvest control rules for Sebastes mentella in ICES areas 1 and 2 (WKREBMSE), June–August 2018, by correspondence. ICES CM 2018/ACOM:52. 32 pp.

ICES. 2018c. Stock Annex: Beaked redfish ( Sebastes mentella ) in subareas 1 and 2 (Northeast Arctic). Stock Annex: Beaked redfish ( Sebastes mentella ) in subareas 1 and 2 (Northeast Arctic) (figshare.com)

Jakobsen, T., Korsbrekke, K., Mehl, S., and Nakken, O. 1997. Norwegian combined acoustic and bottom trawl surveys for demersal fish in the Barents Sea during winter. ICES CM 1997/Y:17.

Kenchington, T.J. Natural mortality estimators for information‐limited fisheries. Fish and Fisheries, 2014, 15.4: 533-562.

Planque, B. 2015. S. mentella assessment - handling the +group.: WD03 - ICES AFWG2015. 8 pp.

Planque, B. 2016. Possible use of the Pelagic and slope surveys in the analytical assessment of Sebastes mentella in ICES areas 1 and 2.: WD05 - ICES AFWG2016. 6 pp.

Planque, B., Vollen, T., Höffle, H., Harbitz A., 2018. Use of StoX for estimating numbers@age of Sebastes mentella from the international deep pelagic ecosystem survey in the Norwegian Sea.: WD07 - ICES AFWG2018. 38 pp.

Then, A. Y., Hoenig, J. M., Hall, N. G., and Hewitt, D. A. 2018. Evaluating the predictive performance of empirical estimators of natural mortality rate using information on over 200 fish species. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 75: 1509–1509. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsx199 (Accessed 18 January 2021).

Tranang C. A., Vollen T. and Höffle H. 2020. Use of StoX for recalculating numbers at age and numbers at length of Sebastes norvegicus from the Barents Sea NOR-RUS demersal fish cruise in winter.: WD17 - ICES AFWG2020. 60 pp.

Tables and figures

Year Faroe Islands France Germany2 Greenland Latvia Lithuania Norway Portugal Russia3 Spain UK4 Others Total
1993 13 50 35 1 - - 5182 963 6260 5 293 12 12 814
1994 4 74 18 1 - - 6511 895 5021 30 136 31 12 721
1995 3 16 176 2 - - 2646 927 6346 67 97 4 10 284
1996 4 75 119 3 - - 6053 467 925 328 99 2 8 075
1997 4 37 81 16 - - 4657 474 2972 272 78 7 8 598
1998 20 73 100 14 - - 9733 125 3646 177 134 22 14 044
1999 73 26 202 50 - - 7884 65 2731 29 140 9 11 209
2000 50 12 62 29 - - 6020 115 3519 87 130 51 10 075
2001 74 16 198 17 - - 13 937 179 3775 90 120 12 18 418
2002 75 58 99 18 - - 2152 242 3904 190 188 68 6 994
2003 64 22 32 8 - - 1210 44 952 47 124 17 2 520
2004 588 13 10 4 - - 1375 235 2879 257 76 56 5 493
2005 1147 46 33 39 - - 1760 140 5023 163 95 20 8 466
2006 3808 215 2483 63 341 845 4710 1804 11 413 710 1027 5842 33 261
2007 2197 234 520 29 349 785 3209 1483 5660 2181 202 3369 20 218
2008 1849 187 16 25 267 117 2220 713 7117 463 83 39 13 096
2009 1343 15 42 - - - 2677 806 3843 177 80 1263 10 246
2010 979 175 21 12 243 457 2065 293 6414 1184 79 2 11 924
2011 984 175 835 - 536 565 2471 613 5037 1678 55 13 12 962
2012 259 - 517 - 447 449 2114 1038 4101 1780 - 354 11 059
2013 697 - 80 21 280 262 1750 1078 3677 1459 - 85 9389
2014 743 215 446 15 215 167 13 149 505 1704 1162 - 106 18 427
2015 657 49 242 48 537 192 19 433 678 1142 2529 52 11 25 570
2016 502 134 493 74 1243 1065 18 191 1066 8419 3213 122 232 34 754
2017 443 45 763 66 562 790 17 077 1060 6593 2838 436 109 30 782
2018 425 67 2473 82 1020 1010 18 594 699 10 497 2457 63 659 38 046
2019 156 370 1599 615 - 653 23 844 1422 13 444 2222 590 725 45 640
2020 149 163 1807 67 - 1081 32 950 889 13 874 744 437 1496 53 657
2021 290 218 1166 85 - 1379 43 794 381 14 887 615 655 9 63 479
2022 235 221 1758 39 - 990 40 715 464 16717 278 114 663 62 194
20231 154 128 626 109 - - 44 544 358 13976 295 152 45 60 387
20241 2038 4 458 149 1 - 47 224 467 16235 105 - 84 66 765
Table 6.1. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Nominal catch (t) by countries in Subarea 1, divisions 2.a and 2.b combined.

1 - Provisional figures.

2 - Includes former GDR prior to 1991.

3 - USSR prior to 1991.

4 - UK(E&W) + UK(Scot.)

Year Faroe Islands France Germany Greenland Norway Russia Spain Others Total
1993 2 - - - 16 588 - - 606
1994 2 - 2 - 36 308 - - 348
1995 2 - - - 20 203 - - 225
1996 - - - - 5 101 - - 106
1997 - - - 3 12 174 - 1 190
1998 20 - - - 26 378 - - 424
1999 69 - - - 69 489 - - 627
2000 - - - - 47 406 - 48 501
2001 - - - - 8 296 - 3 307
2002 - - - - 4 587 - - 591
2003 - - - - 6 292 - - 298
2004 - - - - 2 355 - - 357
2005 - - - - 3 327 - - 330
2006 2 - - - 12 460 - 2 476
2007 - - - - 11 210 - 28 249
2008 - - - - 5 155 - 2 162
2009 - - - - 3 80 - 8 91
2010 - - - - 20 10 - - 30
2011 - - - - 48 13 - - 61
2012 - - - - 34 17 - - 51
2013 - - - - 64 27 - - 91
2014 - - - - 159 63 - - 222
2015 - - - 18 138 125 - 1 282
2016 - - - - 225 229 342 1 797
2017 - - - 12 207 196 - 3 418
2018 - - 19 26 255 376 - 3 679
2019 83 4 - 13 369 206 19 22 716
2020 35 12 6 21 335 118 1 12 540
2021 87 31 - 14 195 367 1 4 699
2022 91 2 3 20 508 88 1 - 713
20231 56 8 31 17 1 333 145 69 5 1 664
20241 125 4 33 4 1023 327 6 11 1 533
Table 6. 2 . S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Nominal catch (t) by countries in Subarea 1.

1 - Provisional figures.

Year  Faroe Islands  France  Germany  Greenland  Latvia  Lithuania  Norway  Portugal  Russia  Spain  UK  Others  Total 
1993 11 15 35 1 - - 5029 648 5328 - 2 - 11 069
1994 2 33 16 1 - - 6119 687 4692 8 4 2 11 564
1995 1 16 176 2 - - 2251 715 5916 65 43 2 9 187
1996 - 75 119 3 - - 5895 429 677 5 61 - 7 264
1997 - 37 77 12 - - 4422 410 2341 9 55 2 7 365
1998 - 73 58 14 - - 9186 118 2626 55 106 6 12 242
1999 - 16 160 50 - - 7358 56 1340 14 120 3 9 117
2000 50 11 35 29 - - 5892 98 2167 18 103 - 8 403
2001 63 12 161 17 - - 13 636 105 2716 18 95 4 16 827
2002 37 54 59 18 - - 1937 124 2615 8 157 45 5 054
2003 58 18 17 8 - - 1014 17 448 8 102 10 1 700
2004 555 8 4 4 - - 987 86 2081 7 18 14 3 764
2005 1101 36 17 38 - - 1083 71 3307 20 15 6 5 694
2006 3793 199 2475 52 - 845 4010 1731 10 110 589 958 5 812 30 574
2007 2157 226 519 29 349 785 3043 1395 5061 2159 120 3 358 19 201
2008 1821 179 9 24 267 117 1952 666 6442 430 62 32 12 001
2009 1316 7 23 - - - 2208 764 3305 137 62 1 252 9 074
2010 961 175 13 12 243 457 1705 246 5903 1183 55 2 10 955
2011 932 175 697 - 536 561 1682 599 4326 1656 19 2 11 185
2012 259 - 469 - 447 449 1500 1038 3478 1770 - 343 9 753
2013 675 - 24 21 280 262 871 1055 3293 1435 - 69 7 985
2014 728 209 411 15 215 167 4089 505 1334 1159 - 102 8 934
2015 657 49 236 25 537 192 11 410 678 480 2508 47 9 16 828
2016 495 107 493 61 1243 1065 8887 1052 3949 2862 71 207 20 492
2017 425 38 763 44 562 790 7348 1059 3922 2813 429 97 18 290
2018 400 47 2440 51 876 1010 14 057 699 4721 2435 62 653 27 451
2019 73 363 1599 59 - 652 17 741 1421 7366 2184 569 709 32 736
2020 112 146 1797 42 - 1081 22 854 880 6085 737 403 1490 35 627
2021 151 182 1128 70 - 1379 35 798 377 6008 535 552 6 46 186
2022 112 187 1693 16 - 990 28 666 441 7793 92 11 663 40 664
20231 73 37 518 92 - - 37 437 329 2089 213 62 11 40 861
20241 1906 - 382 8 - - 38635 461 4357 50   76 45 875
Table 6. 3 . S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Nominal catch (t) by countries in Division 2.a (including landings from the pelagic trawl fishery in the international waters).

1 - Provisional figures.

Year Faroe Islands France Germany Greenland Norway Poland Portugal Russia Spain UK Others Total
1993 - 35 - - 137 - 315 344 57 291 12 1 191
1994 - 41 - - 356 - 208 21 22 132 29 809
1995 - - - - 375 - 212 227 2 54 2 872
1996 4 - - - 153 - 38 147 323 38 2 705
1997 4 - 3 1 223 1 64 457 263 22 4 1 042
1998 - - 42 - 521 13 7 642 122 29 3 1 379
1999 4 10 42 - 457 6 9 902 15 20 - 1 465
2000 - 1 27 - 82 2 17 946 69 27 1 1 172
2001 11 4 37 - 293 5 74 763 72 25 - 1 284
2002 38 4 40 - 210 8 118 702 182 31 15 1 348
2003 6 4 15 - 190 7 27 212 39 22 - 522
2004 33 5 6 - 386 42 149 443 250 58 - 1 372
2005 46 10 17 1 673 - 69 1389 143 80 14 2 442
2006 13 16 8 11 688 29 73 843 121 67 1 1 870
2007 40 8 1 - 155 2 88 389 22 62 1 768
2008 28 8 7 1 263 6 47 520 33 19 - 932
2009 27 8 19 - 466 1 42 458 41 17 6 1 085
2010 18 0 8 - 339 - 47 501 1 24 - 938
2011 52 0 139 - 741 11 14 698 23 36 4 1 718
2012 0 0 48 - 581 7 - 606 10 - 4 1 256
2013 22 0 56 - 815 16 23 357 23 - - 1 312
2014 15 6 34 - 8901 3 - 307 3 - 1 9 270
2015 - - 6 5 7885 1 - 536 21 5 - 8 459
2016 7 27 0 14 9078 24 14 4241 9 50 - 13 464
2017 18 7 1 10 9522 5 1 2476 25 7 4 12 076
2018 25 20 14 6 4281 3 - 5400 22 1 144 9 916
2019 - 4 - 543 5734 - - 5873 19 17 - 12 190
2020 2 5 4 4 9760 - - 7671 6 34 - 17 486
2021 52 6 38 1 7801 2 - 8512 79 103 1 16 595
2022 32 32 62 3 11 541 - 23 8836 185 104 - 20 818
20231 25 83 78 - 5774 - 24 11 742 12 89 33 17 860
20241 7 - 43 137 7566 - 3 11 551 48 - 1 19 356
Table 6. 4 . S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Nominal catch (t) by countries in Division 2.b.

1 - Provisional figures.

Year Faroe Islands Germany Iceland Latvia Lithuania Netherland Norway Poland Portugal Russia Spain Other Total
2002 - 9 - - - - - - - - - - 9
2003 - 40 - - - - - - - - - - 40
2004 500 2 - - - - - - - 1510 - - 2 012
2005 1083 20 - - - - - - - 3299 - - 4 402
2006 3766 2475 2510 341 845 - 2862 2447 1697 9390 575 1862 28 770
2007 1968 497 1579 349 785 - 1813 1079 1377 3645 2155 910 16 157
2008 1797 - - 267 117 - 330 - 641 4901 390 - 8 443
2009 1253 - - -   - - 337 701 1975 135 889 5 290
2010 912 - - 243 457 - 450 - 244 5103 820 - 8 229
2011 740 693 - 536 561 - 342 - 595 3621 1648 175 8 911
2012 259 469 31 447 449 - - 311 1038 2714 1768 - 7 486
2013 675 - - 280 262 - 1 68 1078 2720 1435 8 6 527
2014 697 409 - 215 167 - - 100 505 795 1146 - 4 034
2015 606 231 - 537 192 - - - 678 0 2508 - 4 752
2016 393 493 - 1243 1065 - 9 - 821 512 2862 - 7 398
2017 296 761 - 562 790 - - 14 791 1014 2624 - 6 852
2018 400 2192 - 876 1010 374 - 116 372 - 2399 - 7 739
2019 - 1157 - - 652 244 1 364 1096 117 1908 521 6 060
2020 - 1380 - - 1081 1366 - - 480 25 737 400 5 469
2021 - 514 - - 1379 - - - 84 498 280 117 2 872
2022 - 938 - - 990 586 - - 88 - - 78 2 680
20231 - - - - - - - - - - - 5 5
20241 1682 - - - - - - - - - - 11 1 693
Table 6. 5 . S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Nominal catch (t) by countries of the pelagic fishery in international waters of the Norwegian Sea (see text for further details).

1 - Provisional figures.

Year Faroe Islands France Germany2 Greenland Latvia Lithuania Norway Portugal Russia3 Spain UK Others Total
1984 - 2 970 7 457 - - - 18 650 1806 69 689 25 716 - 101 313
1985 - 3 326 6 566 - - - 20 456 2056 59 943 38 167 - 92 552
1986 29 2 719 4 884 - - - 23 255 1591 20 694 - 143 - 53 315
1987 450 1 611 5 829 - - - 18 051 1175 7 215 25 239 - 34 595
1988 973 3 349 2 355 - - - 24 662 500 9 139 26 470 - 41 474
1989 338 1 849 4 245 - - - 25 295 340 14 344 5 272 - 46 688
1990 386 1 821 6 741 - - - 34 090 830 18 918 - 333 37 63 156
1991 639 791 981 - - - 49 463 166 15 354 1 349 23 67 767
1992 58 1 301 530 614 - - 23 451 977 4 335 16 482 9 31 773
1993 152 921 685 15 - - 18 319 1 040 7 573 13 735 12 29 465
1994 26 771 1 026 6 - - 21 466 985 6 220 34 272 35 30 841
1995 30 748 693 7 - - 16 162 936 6 985 67 265 7 25 900
1996 42 746 618 37 - - 21 675 522 1 641 409 426 2 26 118
1997 7 1 011 538 39 - - 18 839 535 4 556 308 264 12 26 109
1998 98 567 231 47 - - 26 273 131 5 278 228 305 41 33 199
1999 108 61 430 97 - - 24 634 68 4 422 36 309 30 30 195
2000 67 25 222 51 - - 19 052 131 4 631 87 203 67 24 536
2001 111 46 436 34 - - 23 071 186 4 738 91 239 13 28 965
2002 135 89 141 49 - - 10 713 276 4 736 193 234 71 16 637
2003 173 30 154 44 - - 8 063 50 1 431 47 258 110 10 360
2004 607 17 78 24 - - 7 608 240 3 601 260 145 119 12 699
2005 1 194 56 105 75 - - 7 845 196 5 637 171 147 76 15 502
2006 3 919 223 2 518 107 341 845 11 015 1 873 12 126 719 1 066 5 897 40 649
2007 2 343 249 587 113 349 785 8 993 1 708 6 550 2 186 257 3 470 27 590
2008 2 123 250 46 96 267 117 7 436 785 7 866 467 168 74 19 695
2009 1 413 16 100 81 - - 8 128 836 4 541 177 111 1 330 16 733
2010 1 150 226 52 84 243 457 8 059 321 6 979 1 187 123 25 18 906
2011 1 008 228 844 51 536 565 7 152 638 5 956 1 684 68 84 18 814
2012 346 182 588 58 447 449 6 361 1 055 4 782 1 780 100 428 16 576
2013 780 353 81 66 280 262 5 586 1 114 4 474 1 459 493 114 15 062
2014 810 434 452 35 215 167 16 589 510 2 510 1 162 211 157 23 252
2015 733 102 266 259 537 192 22 166 678 1 806 2 531 109 64 29 443
2016 685 164 497 161 1243 1065 22 322 1 066 9 283 3 213 198 320 40 217
2017 566 62 782 127 562 790 20 644 1 150 7 890 2 882 596 203 36 254
2018 571 104 2 539 159 1 020 1 010 23 555 766 12 331 2 469 100 763 45 387
2019 392 395 1 692 671 - 656 29 795 1 495 15 373 2 287 615 828 54 199
2020 315 164 1 895 166 - 1 081 39 453 969 16 489 750 456 1 558 63 296
2021 613 224 1 242 177 - 1 379 51 497 441 16 624 623 751 103 73 674
2022 546 241 1 818 200 - 990 48 268 537 19 257 282 122 883 73 144
20231 345 164 744 255 - - 52 226 459 16 248 325 168 233 71 167
20241 2 228 8 532 320 1 - 54 859 496 18 304 117 - 271 77 136
Table 6. 6 . REDFISH in subareas 1 and 2. Nominal catch (t) by countries in Subarea 1, divisions 2.a and 2.b combined for both S. mentella and S. norvegicus.

1 - Provisional figures.

2 - Includes former GDR prior to 1991.

3 - USSR prior to 1991.

Year Belgium Denmark Faroe Islands France Germany Ireland Netherlands Norway Portugal UK Others Total
1998 2 27 12 570 370 4 21 1 113   749 0 2 868
1999 3 52 1 0 58 39 16 862   532 0 1 563
2000 5 41 0 224 19 28 19 443   618 0 1 397
2001 4 96 - 272 13 19 - 421 - 538 - 1 363
2002 2 40 2 98 11 7 - 241 - 524 - 925
2003 1 71 2 26 2 - - 474 - 463 - 1 039
2004 - 42 3 26 1 - - 287 - 214 - 573
2005 2 34 - 10 1 - - 84 - 28 - 159
2006 1 49 1 12 3 - - 163 33 79 - 341
2007 - 27 - 8 1 - - 116 - 77 1 230
2008 - 3 - 8 1 - - 77 - 54 1 144
2009 - 4 1 38 - - - 119 - 86 - 248
2010 - 5 - 3 - - - 62 - 150 - 220
2011 - 9 - 90 1 - - 66 - 71 - 237
2012 - 10 - 19 - - - 71 - 87 - 187
2013 - 7 - 40 - - - 54 - 176 - 277
2014 - - - 32 1 - - 146 - 93 - 272
2015 - 1 - 14 1 - - 157 - 61 - 234
2016 - 3 - 11 - - - 180 - 22 - 216
2017 - 3 - 10 - - - 168 - 38 - 219
2018 - 10 - 4 - - - 71 - 29 - 114
2019 - 7 - 10 - - - 62 - 10 - 89
2020 - 9 - 4 - - - 54 - 28 - 95
2020 - 9 - 4 - - - 54 - 28 - 95
2021 - 4 - 11 - - - 30 - 123 - 168
2022 - 3 3 11 - - - 40 - 24 - 85
20231 0 1 0 5 0 0 0 57 0 51 0 114
20241 0 6 1 4 0 0 0 44 0 22 0 77
Table 6. 7 . REDFISH in Subarea 4 (North Sea). Nominal catch (t) by countries as officially reported to ICES.

1 - Provisional figures.

Year/Age 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 +gp Total No. Tonnes Land.
1992 1 873 2 498 1 898 1 622 1 780 1 531 2 108 2 288 2 258 2 506 2 137 1 512 677 9 258 33 946 15 590
1993 159 159 174 512 2 094 3 139 2 631 2 308 2 987 1 875 1 514 1 053 527 6 022 25 154 12 814
1994 738 730 722 992 2 561 2 734 3 060 1 535 2 253 2 182 3 336 1 284 734 3 257 26 118 12 721
1995 662 941 1 279 719 740 1 230 2 013 4 297 3 300 2 162 1 454 757 794 2 404 22 752 10 284
1996 223 634 1 699 1 554 1 236 1 078 1 146 1 413 1 865 880 621 498 700 2 247 15 794 8 075
1997 125 533 1 287 1 247 1 297 1 244 876 1 416 1 784 1 217 537 1 177 342 3 568 16 650 8 598
1998 37 882 2 904 4 236 3 995 2 741 1 877 1 373 1 277 1 595 1 117 784 786 6 241 29 845 14 044
1999 9 83 441 1 511 2 250 3 262 1 867 1 454 1 447 1 557 1 418 1 317 658 3 919 21 193 11 209
2000 1 24 390 1 235 2 460 2 149 1 816 1 205 1 001 993 932 505 596 5 705 19 012 10 075
2001 117 372 542 976 925 1 712 2 651 2 660 1 911 1 773 1 220 714 814 16 234 32 621 18 418
2002 2 40 252 572 709 532 1 382 1 893 1 617 855 629 163 237 4 082 12 965 6 994
2003 6 37 103 93 132 220 384 391 434 466 513 199 231 1 193 4 402 2 520
2004 7 16 70 96 278 429 611 433 1 063 813 830 841 607 3 076 9 170 5 493
2005 2 20 57 155 244 262 295 754 783 1 896 817 1 087 1 023 6 065 13 460 8 466
2006 0 4 3 38 64 121 423 1 461 1 356 2 835 4 271 3 487 3 969 32 084 50 116 33 261
2007 0 1 3 22 33 86 235 631 2 194 2 825 3 657 4 359 3 540 15 824 33 410 20 218
2008 0 0 1 10 46 100 197 469 612 1 502 1 384 894 1 886 11 906 19 007 13 096
2009 0 1 16 22 42 39 254 258 577 364 823 692 1 856 11 706 16 650 10 246
2010 10 4 6 19 34 55 61 241 267 390 566 655 667 13 879 16 854 11 924
2011 4 4 4 25 55 114 11 103 286 394 408 479 567 15 223 17 677 12 962
2012 4 24 29 24 26 66 69 78 80 279 387 365 409 13 332 15 172 11 059
2013 0 3 19 101 90 44 41 42 9 177 146 185 317 12 826 14 000 9 389
2014 14 27 338 95 114 92 147 54 108 68 248 287 193 23 101 24 886 18 427
2015 43 41 134 565 843 1 355 1 245 717 385 945 289 595 871 29 441 37 469 25 570
2016 40 0 977 667 3 350 2 579 2 983 1 995 1 964 1 269 1 342 1 256 1 108 36 719 56 249 34 754
2017 36 187 403 461 1 042 1 431 1 226 1 370 1 222 1 648 1 462 1 272 1 786 32 989 46 535 30 782
2018 50 319 611 822 1 363 2 481 2 663 2 825 2 816 2 872 2 623 1 804 2 353 41 030 64 632 38 046
2019 129 447 809 1 257 2 122 2 225 2 024 2 238 2 394 3 141 2 814 1 982 2 511 45 497 69 590 45 640
2020 5 14 616 239 2 368 1 948 2 085 3 541 2 861 2 882 3 974 3 454 3 136 53 208 80 331 53 657
2021 79 470 1 007 1 325 2 294 3 165 2 878 3 137 3 417 4 492 4 266 3 007 3 752 62 816 96 105 63 479
2022 0 0 0 263 667 1 600 4 071 6 377 7 329 7 367 8 715 4 173 4 529 51 317 96 408 62 194
2023 0 0 0 0 270 656 1 573 3 967 6 119 7 083 7 140 8 388 3 955 51 956 91 107 60 466
2024 Not available
Table 6. 8 . S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Catch numbers-at-age 6 to 18 and 19+ (in thousands) and total landings (in tonnes). For the periods 2014–2015, 2017-2018, 2020-2021 and 2023, age data are missing from the pelagic fishery. For the years 2017, 2019 and 2021, age data are missing from the demersal fishery fisheries. The numbers-at-age have been estimated following the method outlined in section 6.2.2.
  Age
YEAR 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19+
2006 0 0 0 0 23 93 1 083 323 1 563 3 628 2 514 3 756 29 704
2007 0 0 9 18 25 154 444 1 642 2 302 3 021 3 394 3 156 12 684
2008 0 0 0 0 28 146 115 143 214 594 752 753 13 258
2009 0 0 0 0 9 1 314 294 471 889 999 869 1 150 2 981
2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 155 74 135 224 356 458 12 497
2011 0 0 0 0 0 223 83 83 168 136 166 136 13 182
20121 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 227 90 139 206 10 087
20132 0 0 78 27 28 0 0 0 94 28 104 168 9 473
20143 0 0 0 74 24 25 0 0 0 58 16 57 4 920
20153 0 0 0 0 170 54 51 0 0 0 84 22 6 343
20163 0 0 154 307 271 276 134 90 107 239 445 229 10 499
20173 0 0 0 238 462 390 370 165 100 109 226 402 8 349
20183 0 0 0 0 691 1 281 1 008 874 352 195 198 393 12 659
2019 25 5 200 400 220 242 197 279 183 155 135 161 6 696
20203 0 44 8 345 672 353 362 270 345 206 163 136 5 496
20213 0 0 45 8 339 631 309 290 195 228 127 96 2 380
2022 0 0 7 14 12 48 165 135 114 194 155 84 2 931
20233 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
2024 Not available
Table 6.9. Pelagic S. mentella in the Norwegian Sea (outside the EEZ). Catch numbers-at-age in thousands.

1 - No age data in 2012, catch numbers-at-age are estimated from proportions at age in 2011 and in 2013.

2 - No age data from the catches in 2013. Age readings from the research survey conducted in September 2013 are used to derive catch numbers-at-age.

3 - No age data in 2014 – 2018, 2020-2021 and 2023, catch numbers-at-age are estimated from previous year according to protocol described in section 6.2.2.

Year Length group
  18–20 20–22 22–24 24–26 26–28 28–30 30–32 32–34 34–36 36–38 38–40 40–42 42–44 44–46 46–48 48–50 50–52
2011 0 12 0 0 1 8 249 2544 6481 6528 3620 829 95 18 1 0 0
2012 0 0 23 19 26 28 41 287 1898 5030 5385 1911 451 197 43 23 0
2013 0 0 4 32 154 137 90 69 1382 4214 4480 1633 497 197 0 0 0
2014 0 5 0 25 29 235 660 697 3358 7667 8544 3808 787 34 0 0 0
2015-2024 Data not available at the time of the working group
Table 6. 10 . S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Total catch numbers-at-length, in thousands, for 2011–2014.
Length group
Year 18–20 20–22 22–24 24–26 26–28 28–30 30–32 32–34 34–36 36–38 38–40 40–42 42–44 44–46 46–48 48–50 50–52
2011 0 0 0 0 1 8 244 2562 5887 4425 1537 287 13 0 1 0 0
2012 0 0 0 0 0 0 106 2014 5092 3681 952 48 0 0 0 0 0
2013 0 0 0 0 0 0 75 1352 4791 2967 730 87 6 0 0 0 0
2014 0 0 0 0 0 3 14 349 2408 2454 827 80 6 1 0 0 0
2015-2024 Data not available at the time of the working group
Table 6.11. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Catch numbers-at-length, in thousands, in the pelagic fishery for 2011–2021.
Year/Age 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19+
1992 0.167 0.164 0.211 0.241 0.309 0.324 0.378 0.366 0.428 0.454 0.487 0.529 0.571 0.805
1993 0.141 0.181 0.217 0.254 0.306 0.357 0.349 0.4 0.45 0.436 0.46 0.499 0.462 0.846
1994 0.174 0.188 0.235 0.298 0.361 0.396 0.415 0.48 0.492 0.562 0.642 0.636 0.72 0.846
1995 0.158 0.185 0.226 0.261 0.324 0.36 0.432 0.468 0.496 0.519 0.566 0.573 0.621 0.758
1996 0.175 0.189 0.224 0.272 0.323 0.337 0.377 0.518 0.536 0.603 0.69 0.8 0.683 0.958
1997 0.152 0.191 0.228 0.28 0.324 0.367 0.435 0.492 0.521 0.615 0.601 0.611 0.671 0.911
1998 0.12 0.148 0.192 0.261 0.326 0.373 0.427 0.496 0.537 0.566 0.587 0.625 0.658 0.809
1999 0.133 0.17 0.226 0.286 0.343 0.382 0.441 0.483 0.537 0.565 0.62 0.644 0.672 0.757
2000 0.109 0.144 0.199 0.276 0.332 0.392 0.437 0.49 0.54 0.585 0.631 0.65 0.671 0.872
2001 0.115 0.137 0.183 0.262 0.31 0.356 0.4 0.434 0.484 0.534 0.581 0.615 0.624 0.819
2002 0.114 0.139 0.182 0.253 0.329 0.372 0.392 0.434 0.476 0.52 0.545 0.587 0.601 0.833
2003 0.109 0.124 0.196 0.245 0.312 0.371 0.422 0.434 0.477 0.516 0.551 0.591 0.623 0.817
2004 0.104 0.129 0.18 0.264 0.308 0.376 0.413 0.444 0.478 0.521 0.579 0.614 0.688 0.835
2005 0.104 0.136 0.196 0.263 0.322 0.37 0.408 0.451 0.478 0.523 0.55 0.551 0.64 0.797
2006 0.107 0.143 0.2 0.266 0.314 0.374 0.419 0.462 0.489 0.527 0.57 0.602 0.59 0.796
2007 0.115 0.131 0.18 0.252 0.305 0.364 0.409 0.449 0.485 0.513 0.523 0.554 0.569 0.737
2008 0 0.158 0.177 0.242 0.304 0.402 0.465 0.486 0.511 0.546 0.6 0.596 0.635 0.803
2009 0.129 0.179 0.206 0.249 0.326 0.394 0.51 0.55 0.542 0.583 0.609 0.594 0.595 0.809
2010 0.129 0.128 0.175 0.263 0.375 0.447 0.501 0.541 0.582 0.602 0.593 0.608 0.592 0.706
2011 0.136 0.156 0.183 0.261 0.316 0.435 0.512 0.604 0.655 0.609 0.671 0.647 0.677 0.795
2012 0.135 0.178 0.225 0.246 0.249 0.356 0.474 0.582 0.53 0.626 0.654 0.73 0.699 0.833
2013 0.129 0.145 0.189 0.23 0.27 0.282 0.345 0.384 0.534 0.559 0.634 0.627 0.661 0.72
2014 0.193 0.172 0.221 0.167 0.192 0.239 0.333 0.277 0.364 0.516 0.713 0.78 0.797 0.882
2015 0.167 0.168 0.232 0.294 0.346 0.383 0.457 0.436 0.474 0.538 0.665 0.69 0.724 0.824
2016 0.11 0 0.331 0.356 0.401 0.392 0.434 0.486 0.543 0.579 0.74 0.591 0.598 0.776
2017 0.154 0.196 0.254 0.27 0.306 0.413 0.425 0.458 0.533 0.472 0.562 0.65 0.692 0.796
2018 0 0.233 0.135 0.371 0.323 0.28 0.379 0.452 0.524 0.633 0.483 0.589 0.457 0.821
2019 0.118 0.38 0.341 0.47 0.538 0.523 0.539 0.565 0.572 0.62 0.656 0.601 0.633 0.744
Modelled 0.141 0.188 0.237 0.286 0.334 0.381 0.424 0.465 0.503 0.537 0.569 0.597 0.623 0.755
Table 6. 12 . S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Observed mean weights-at-age (kg) from the Norwegian data (Catches and surveys combined). Weights-at-age used in the statistical catch-at-age model are identical for every year and given at the bottom line of the table.
Year/ Age 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19+
2006 0.44 0.44 0.52 0.44 0.49 0.55 0.53 0.56 0.61
2007 0.39 0.43 0.41 0.48 0.50 0.52 0.55 0.57 0.64
2008 0.36 0.47 0.56 0.50 0.56 0.54 0.56 0.55 0.64
2009 0.38 0.44 0.45 0.48 0.54 0.59 0.64 0.58 0.69
2010 - - 0.62 0.56 0.54 0.59 0.59 0.56 0.61
2011 - 0.48 0.54 0.54 0.64 0.59 0.54 0.59 0.59
2012 No data - - - - - - - -
20131 0.31 - - - 0.56 0.62 0.60 0.62 0.68
2014-2024 No data - - - - - - - -
Table 6. 13 . Pelagic S. mentella in the Norwegian Sea (outside the EEZ). Catch weights-at-age (kg).

1 - As observed in the research survey in the Norwegian Sea in September 2013.

year/Age 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19+
1992 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.14 0.26 0.42 0.53 0.59 0.65 0.70 0.75 1.00
1993 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.15 0.28 0.44 0.55 0.61 0.67 0.72 0.77 0.82 1.00
1994 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.15 0.28 0.44 0.59 0.72 0.81 0.88 0.93 0.96 0.98 1.00
1995 0.03 0.07 0.13 0.24 0.39 0.57 0.71 0.83 0.90 0.95 0.97 0.98 0.99 1.00
1996 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.10 0.19 0.33 0.50 0.59 0.66 0.73 0.79 0.84 1.00
1997 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.16 0.29 0.46 0.55 0.61 0.66 0.71 0.76 0.80 0.84 1.00
1998 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.15 0.26 0.43 0.56 0.65 0.73 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.93 1.00
1999 0.03 0.05 0.10 0.20 0.34 0.51 0.57 0.64 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.84 0.87 1.00
2000 0.03 0.06 0.11 0.21 0.36 0.52 0.63 0.73 0.81 0.87 0.91 0.94 0.96 1.00
2001 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.09 0.17 0.30 0.47 0.56 0.62 0.68 0.74 0.79 0.83 1.00
2002 0.02 0.05 0.10 0.19 0.33 0.50 0.54 0.59 0.63 0.67 0.70 0.74 0.77 1.00
2003 0.03 0.06 0.12 0.21 0.36 0.51 0.57 0.63 0.69 0.73 0.78 0.82 0.85 1.00
2004 0.03 0.06 0.12 0.22 0.37 0.51 0.55 0.59 0.63 0.67 0.70 0.73 0.76 1.00
2005 0.02 0.05 0.09 0.18 0.31 0.49 0.55 0.61 0.66 0.71 0.75 0.79 0.83 1.00
2006 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.07 0.13 0.24 0.39 0.53 0.59 0.64 0.70 0.75 0.79 1.00
2007 0.02 0.04 0.09 0.17 0.30 0.47 0.64 0.77 0.87 0.93 0.96 0.98 0.99 1.00
20081 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.15 0.27 0.43 0.55 0.62 0.68 0.74 0.79 0.83 0.87 1.00
2009 0.02 0.04 0.09 0.17 0.30 0.47 0.60 0.71 0.80 0.87 0.92 0.95 0.97 1.00
2010 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.16 0.28 0.45 0.54 0.60 0.66 0.71 0.76 0.80 0.83 1.00
20111 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.15 0.27 0.43 0.55 0.62 0.68 0.74 0.79 0.83 0.87 1.00
2012 0.02 0.05 0.10 0.19 0.32 0.50 0.59 0.68 0.75 0.81 0.86 0.90 0.93 1.00
2013 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.15 0.28 0.45 0.62 0.77 0.87 0.93 0.97 1.00
2014 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.06 0.12 0.23 0.38 0.53 0.61 0.68 0.74 1.00
2015 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.09 0.17 0.31 0.48 0.54 0.58 0.63 0.67 0.71 0.74 1.00
2016 0.03 0.06 0.12 0.22 0.38 0.52 0.56 0.61 0.66 0.70 0.74 0.77 0.81 1.00
20171 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.15 0.27 0.43 0.55 0.62 0.68 0.74 0.79 0.83 0.87 1.00
20181 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.15 0.27 0.43 0.55 0.62 0.68 0.74 0.79 0.83 0.87 1.00
20191 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.15 0.27 0.43 0.55 0.62 0.68 0.74 0.79 0.83 0.87 1.00
20201 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.15 0.27 0.43 0.55 0.62 0.68 0.74 0.79 0.83 0.87 1.00
20211 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.15 0.27 0.43 0.55 0.62 0.68 0.74 0.79 0.83 0.87 1.00
20221 0.02 0.05 0.09 0.17 0.30 0.46 0.80 0.96 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
20231 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.14 0.22 0.30 0.45 0.56 0.63 0.69 0.73 0.76 0.79 1.00
Model input 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.14 0.24 0.37 0.49 0.58 0.66 0.73 0.77 0.81 0.85 1.00
Table 6. 14 . Proportion of maturity-at-age 6–19+ in S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2 derived from Norwegian commercial and survey data. The proportions were derived from samples with at least 5 individuals. a50 w1 and w2 are the annual coefficients for modelled maturity ogives using a double half sigmoid of the form 0.5 ((1+tanh(age- a50)/w1)) for age < a50 and 0.5 (1+tanh((age- a50)/w2) for age > a50. a50 equals the age at 50% maturity. Since JRN-AFWG 2024 maturity-at-age used in the statistical catch-at-age model are identical for every year and given at the bottom line of the table.

1 - Model parameter estimates were unrealistic and replaced by average parameter values.

Year class 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
1974 - - 4.8 - 4.9 22.8 4.8 4.8 - - - 3
1975 - 7.4 - 1.7 6.4 2.4 3.5 5 - - 4 -
1976 7 - 8.1 1.2 2.5 6.8 4.9 5 1 13 - -
1977 - 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.9 5.1 3.7 1 19 2 - -
1978 0.8 0.02 0.9 1 5 3.8 2 20 6 - - -
1979 - 1.9 1.4 3.6 2.3 9 11 16 1 - - 0.1
1980 0.3 0.4 2 2.5 16 6 11 25 2 - 1.5 2
1981 - 2.2 3.9 20 6 12 47 18 6.3 1.6 0.5 1
1982 19.8 13.2 13 15 34 44 39 32.6 4.3 3.1 4.9 +
1983 12.5 3 5 6 31 34 32.3 13.3 4 4.2 0.6 1.1
1984 - 10 2 - 5 18.3 19 2.2 2.4 0.2 1.7 2.4
1985 107 7 - 1 5.2 16.2 1.7 1.7 0.6 2.8 3.8 0.3
1986 2 - 1 1.8 8.4 3.6 2.1 1.2 5.6 8.2 0.9 0.7
1987 - 3 37.9 1.3 8 4.1 2 10.6 9.6 1.4 2 1.3
1988 4 58.1 4.3 13.3 25.8 3.9 8.6 11.2 2.8 4.2 3 4.7
1989 8.7 9 17 23.4 4.6 5.4 4 6.6 6.6 4.1 7.7 5.3
1990 2.5 6.3 6.1 1 4.3 1.7 11.5 6.5 5.5 6.7 7.4 3.6
1991 0.3 1 0.5 1.5 1.2 11.3 3.9 3.3 4.6 5.8 2.7 1.9
1992 0.6 + 0.2 0.1 4.3 1.3 2 2.3 4.9 2.3 1 4.1
19931 - + 1.5 1.8 1 1.2 3 4.2 2.6 2 3.2 2.1
1994 0.3 3.5 1.7 1.7 0.9 3.6 5.2 4.3 3.1 3.3 1.8 1.2
1995 2.8 1 1.1 0.4 2.2 2.6 3.5 3.4 2.9 1.2 1 8.5
19962 + 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.7 1.1 1 1.4 1 0.8 3.7 0.6
1997 - - + 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.9 0.6 1 1.1 0.5 0.4
1998 - 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 1.1 0.5 0.7 1 0.4 0.4 0.7
1999 0.1 - 0.1 + 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.6
2000 - 0.6 0.1 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.3
2001 - 0.1 0.4 - 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.8 0.1 1
20023 0.1 0.5 0.1 - - 0.1 0.5 0.4 1.5 0.5 1 1.1
2003 - - 0.1 - 0.3 1.0 0.5 4.8 2.1 3.7 1.3 1.9
2004 - 0.2 0.3 0.5 1.5 0.9 4.4 3.7 7.5 4.1 3.1 3.3
2005 - - 1.4 1.9 1.4 2.3 3.9 7.2 6.1 6.8 3.1  
20064 0.1 1.8 1.2 1.1 0.8 2.1 4.1 3.0 6.1 5.9    
2007 2.5 0.4 0.1 1.2 1.7 2.4 3.6 4.3 7.4      
2008 0.1 0.1 1.6 1.8 4.1 2.9 5.8 5.5        
2009 1.6 1.9 1.1 4.4 4.8 2.9 4.8          
2010 7.5 0.7 1.2 1.5 1.9 1.6            
2011 0.1 0.3 0.6 1.6 1.6              
2012 0.2 0.7 0.5 0.3                
2013 0.1 0.1 0.4                  
2014 3.6 1.0                    
2015 6.6                      
Table 6. 15 . S. mentella. Average catch (numbers of specimens) per hour trawling of different ages of S. mentella in the Russian groundfish survey in the Barents Sea and Svalbard areas (1976–1983 published in Annales Biologiques). The survey was not conducted in 2016 took place in 2017 with insufficient coverage and was terminated after that year.

1 - Not complete area coverage of Division 2.b.

2 - Area surveyed restricted to Subarea 1 and Division 2.a only.

3 - Area surveyed restricted to Subarea 1 and Division 2.b only.

4 - Area surveyed restricted to divisions 2.a and 2.b onl

Year Length group (cm)
  5.0-9.9 10.0-14.9 15.0-19.9 20.0-24.9 25.0-29.9 30.0-34.9 35.0-39.9 40.0-44.5 >45 Tot
19862 6 101 192 17 10 5 2 4 0 337
19872 20 14 140 19 6 2 1 2 0 204
19882 33 23 82 77 7 3 2 2 0 229
1989 556 225 24 72 17 2 2 8 4 910
1990 184 820 59 65 111 23 15 7 3 1287
1991 1 533 1 426 563 55 138 38 30 7 1 3791
1992 149 446 268 43 22 15 4 7 4 958
1993 9 320 272 89 16 13 3 1 0 723
1994 4 284 613 242 10 9 2 2 1 1167
1995 33 33 417 349 77 18 5 1 0 933
1996 56 69 139 310 97 8 4 1 1 685
1997 3 44 13 65 57 9 5 0 0 195
1998 0 37 35 28 132 73 45 2 0 352
1999 3 3 124 62 260 169 42 1 0 664
2000 0 10 30 59 126 143 21 1 0 391
2001 1 5 3 32 57 227 50 3 0 378
2002 1 4 6 21 62 266 47 4 0 410
2003 1 5 7 10 49 243 45 1   361
2004 0 2 8 7 14 81 52 2 0 166
2005 22 1 4 4 10 68 46 1 0 156
2006 84 6 5 7 43 198 107 3 0 453
2007 73 39 1 4 9 91 102 3 0 322
2008 125 46 22 3 8 24 78 3 - 309
2009 9 122 88 14 3 27 219 5 - 487
2010 96 18 44 37 2 20 91 7 - 315
2011 126 91 81 48 10 7 67 5 1 436
2012 28 74 68 81 47 8 94 10 - 410
2013 33 43 127 106 67 19 85 13 - 493
20143 3 10 59 49 38 24 66 20 0 269
2015 89 8 29 159 116 66 69 25 - 561
2016 244 33 44 205 138 139 142 48 0 993
2017 41 38 8 20 59 76 57 17 0 316
2018 66 62 55 35 100 65 80 26 - 489
2019 3 27 89 32 59 83 74 26 1 394
2020 107 8 58 40 40 115 98 17 - 483
2021 498 136 15 39 16 58 88 18 - 868
2022 15 102 6 23 27 51 109 24 0 357
2023 5 65 90 20 68 42 87 23 0 400
2024 5 79 642 102 76 52 83 16 0 1055
Table 6.16a. S. mentella1 in Division 2.b. Abundance indices (on length) from the bottom-trawl survey in the Svalbard area (Division 2.b) in summer/fall 1986–2024 (numbers in millions).

1 Includes some unidentified Sebastes specimens mostly less than 15 cm.

2 Old trawl equipment (bobbins gear and 80 m sweep length).

3 Poor survey coverage in 2014.

Age
Year 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Total
1992 283 419 484 131 58 45 14 8 5 2 7 2 1 3 1 462
1993 2 527 117 202 142 8 23 6 13 1 7 1 1 0 1 050
1994 7 280 290 202 235 42 94 1 1 3 4 1 1 0 1 161
1995 4 50 365 237 132 61 19 17 11 0 1 3 0 0 900
1996 13 32 10 36 103 135 78 16 50 28 32 8 21 2 565
1997 8 43 6 7 38 18 29 19 6 2 0 2 1 1 181
1998 0 25 27 13 10 12 61 52 41 15 0 5 13 0 276
1999 3 16 108 25 28 39 106 59 54 26 35 14 18 12 543
2000 4 6 5 13 30 21 28 44 66 48 21 19 9 6 321
2001 1 4 2 0 12 15 18 36 28 46 45 80 53 14 354
2002 3 2 4 1 5 22 34 23 90 35 54 65 17 22 377
2003 0 3 4 3 5 4 27 26 26 28 13 132 50 21 342
2004 1 1 4 4 2 4 2 10 4 15 18 18 19 15 117
2005 18 1 1 3 1 3 3 8 5 5 14 8 29 21 120
2006 35 1 3 3 2 6 5 36 3 19 46 68 8 19 254
2007 23 24 1 0 2 1 4 4 5 3 3 8 28 17 123
2008 8 25 19 11 2 2 2 4 3 3 3 3 7 8 100
2009 11 74 54 30 25 30 8 1 1 1 4 19 10 8 276
2010 No age reading
2011 119 43 58 42 12 47 35 4 1 0 2 0 0 1 364
2012 27 52 31 23 32 50 27 33 17 9 0 1 0 - 302
2013 30 4 30 37 7 102 75 44 41 8 8 3 3 3 395
20142 0 3 2 6 23 41 12 23 5 30 13 11 3 1 173
2015 72 5 11 58 34 60 35 102 34 23 13 3 6 3 459
2016 102 13 11 88 34 102 66 31 13 80 37 2 12 30 621
2017 38 28 10 15 15 20 39 16 28 8 6 19 1 23 266
2018 44 52 14 23 88 14 4 20 27 18 16 9 14 1 344
2019 25 50 56 4 17 44 13 17 13 1 3 16 23 0 282
2020 43 9 23 27 30 13 17 20 39 7 13 17 11 8 277
2021 393 68 24 29 7 26 12 22 5 9 8 16 15 5 639
2022 12 55 35 5 6 10 7 19 12 6 5 16 5 16 209
2023 24 88 33 20 29 13 21 18 4 5 4 6 22 25 312
2024 64 15 324 263 143 2 24 54 25 10 3 31 16 3 977
Table 6.16b. S. mentella1 in Division 2.b. Norwegian bottom-trawl survey indices (on age) in the Svalbard area (Division 2.b) in summer/fall 1992–2024 (numbers in millions).

1 Includes some unidentified Sebastes specimens mostly less than 15 cm.

2 Poor survey coverage in 2014.

Age
year 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16+ Tot N Tot B3
1996 146 113 22 54 166 182 109 43 65 41 38 20 29 11 17 1056 171
1997 63 131 12 23 74 56 77 83 18 14 1 2 2 1 9 565 73
1998 0 79 86 40 26 23 85 100 54 24 11 7 15 1 25 577 105
1999 5 23 117 48 42 77 129 73 58 65 50 14 18 12 25 756 155
2000 6 23 14 20 53 68 84 78 100 72 71 37 17 21 27 690 178
2001 5 7 11 1 20 26 37 52 44 62 50 86 54 16 32 501 162
2002 9 7 7 4 9 28 47 64 103 50 76 72 25 37 35 574 181
2003 3 7 8 3 8 8 42 62 55 38 61 137 98 37 28 595 257
2004 8 16 11 8 4 8 7 16 11 54 27 23 27 28 65 312 91
2005 32 5 5 5 4 6 7 13 6 6 17 29 34 31 49 250 101
2006 125 5 7 7 4 8 7 38 4 23 50 69 15 37 160 560 199
2007 264 147 13 4 10 3 7 9 12 5 4 9 56 19 221 783 199
2008 56 209 137 31 7 3 3 6 6 3 3 6 8 10 108 598 84
2009 116 186 237 82 105 48 17 3 6 3 5 22 11 9 324 1173 260
2010 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
2011 387 320 206 61 57 75 51 13 3 2 3 1 0 3 100 1282 120
2012 335 239 365 169 127 78 60 41 20 12 4 1 2 3 145 1599 184
2013 286 173 174 181 149 178 115 95 88 15 12 9 3 3 137 1618 271
20142 2 21 35 81 55 96 99 62 36 55 42 18 19 3 166 790 239
2015 414 81 55 99 54 115 49 135 77 27 20 6 6 3 121 1262 207
2016 715 136 56 133 93 129 88 61 19 92 39 13 28 31 235 1866 not updated
2017 540 251 211 210 36 46 61 63 35 34 40 38 11 34 77 1687 213
2018 162 234 153 64 124 34 29 25 86 64 31 35 24 1 129 1197 not updated
2019 85 109 114 89 38 69 28 24 22 129 33 20 40 3 189 993 211
2020 157 42 46 70 51 33 49 44 62 15 30 37 29 22 231 920 not updated
2021 957 209 108 64 25 42 28 35 21 22 10 23 23 14 154 1734 not updated
2022 55 187 220 64 16 17 35 55 16 13 24 26 10 20 237 994 not updated
2023 197 333 152 44 44 39 37 23 11 20 10 22 42 35 161 1170 not updated
2024 132 88 492 347 162 27 55 79 36 47 11 57 21 22 84 1659 not updated
Table 6.17. S. mentella1 in subareas 1 and 2. Abundance indices (on age) from the Ecosystem survey in August-September 1996–2024 covering the Norwegian Economic Zone (NEZ) and Svalbard incl. the area north and east of Spitsbergen (numbers in millions and total biomass in thousand tonnes) and the continental slope down to 1000 m.

1 Includes some unidentified Sebastes specimens mostly less than 15 cm.

2 Poor survey coverage in 2014.

3 Calculated using modelled weight-at-age.

Year Length group (cm)  
  5.0–9.9 10.0–14.9 15.0–19.9 20.0–24.9 25.0–29.9 30.0–34.9 35.0–39.9 40.0–44.9 >45 Total
1986 81 152 205 88 169 130 88 24 14 950
1987 72 25 227 56 35 11 5 1 0 433
1988 587 25 133 182 40 50 48 4 0 1068
1989 623 55 28 177 58 9 8 2 0 961
1990 324 305 36 56 80 13 13 2 0 828
1991 395 449 86 39 96 35 24 3 0 1127
1992 139 367 227 35 55 34 8 2 1 867
1993 31 593 320 116 24 25 6 1 0 1117
1994 5 191 345 366 55 69 23 3 0 1057
1995 301 83 516 345 75 50 22 2 0 1394
1996 211 103 197 342 136 42 18 0 0 1049
19972 59 130 27 273 254 63 37 4 0 847
19982 0 85 62 101 200 40 12 1 0 501
1999 0 6 68 36 172 73 21 3 0 379
2000 7 12 39 77 143 96 27 6 1 408
2001 9 21 7 55 79 75 9 0 0 255
2002 15 6 17 36 95 116 24 1 0 310
2003 4 4 10 12 76 221 51 6 0 384
2004 0 1 8 17 32 85 31 1 0 175
2005 0 5 8 10 27 153 86 2 0 291
20063 98 1 8 13 23 103 81 1 1 329
20072 372 121 1 5 12 132 139 6 0 788
2008 857 359 26 3 10 105 166 5 0 1531
2009 95 323 135 5 9 67 163 5 0 802
2010 652 276 217 64 7 72 190 6 0 1484
2011 501 237 219 152 13 44 156 6 0 1328
20122 127 279 86 124 47 13 154 17 0 847
2013 249 225 243 157 142 35 194 26 0 1271
2014 109 182 261 119 127 53 117 14 0 982
2015 185 114 222 312 303 220 172 19 0 1547
2016 670 108 150 336 215 167 125 13 0 1784
20172 646 197 70 212 294 319 236 11 0 1985
2018 239 328 85 110 195 277 223 23 1 1481
2019 52 304 276 92 157 256 213 18 0 1368
20202 206 122 207 93 120 236 213 24 0 1221
20212 995 129 143 130 84 201 182 22 0 1886
2022 637 1035 53 112 76 92 163 20 0 2188
2023 51 1104 369 105 152 132 196 31 1 2141
2024 34 199 689 69 205 134 156 27 0 1513
2025 47 76 554 331 122 139 198 27 0 1494
Table 6.18a. S. mentella1. Abundance indices (on length) from the bottom-trawl survey in the Barents Sea in winter 1986–2025 (numbers in millions). The area coverage was extended from 1993 onwards and from 2014 and onwards. Numbers from 1994 onwards were recalculated while numbers for 1986–1993 are as in previous reports.

1 Includes some unidentified Sebastes specimens mostly less than 15 cm.

2 Indices not raised to represent uncovered parts of the Russian EEZ

3 Not complete coverage in southeast due to restrictions, strata 7 area set to default and strata 13 as in 2005.

Year Age
  2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Total
1992 351 252 132 56 14 11 3 9 18 16 12 11 2 5 892
1993 38 473 192 242 62 45 19 22 13 11 10 4 2 3 1 136
1994 5 96 315 160 342 269 97 55 4 28 13 14 26 5 1 430
1995 312 66 178 255 329 223 73 21 7 13 20 9 10 9 1 525
1996 205 124 136 236 199 189 144 71 24 27 13 6 10 4 1 388
19972 66 158 33 58 112 95 125 103 38 46 26 24 7 7 898
19982 0 74 48 26 10 53 109 110 37 18 6 6 3 3 503
1999 0 0 35 41 29 28 52 62 53 32 14 5 6 1 358
2000 19 0 5 31 36 22 29 72 77 50 24 14 10 3 392
2001 0 19 9 2 6 26 37 31 42 18 21 29 5 2 247
2002 18 4 11 6 1 10 45 60 28 17 37 20 40 14 311
2003 0 3 2 3 5 5 15 39 27 23 58 39 68 36 323
2004 0 0 5 2 5 11 11 13 15 13 14 23 24 14 150
2005 0 3 3 2 6 5 6 15 21 9 18 30 41 60 219
2006 77 25 5 3 6 6 11 12 6 15 15 10 43 29 263
2007 285 73 3 0 2 1 3 7 9 5 7 21 43 71 530
2008 746 190 103 13 0 1 4 7 2 5 3 24 23 33 1 154
2009 109 112 96 89 66 32 20 13 4 5 21 0 24 7 598
2010 162 265 179 172 92 71 26 21 2 9 4 7 11 17 1 038
2011 377 233 135 130 107 70 40 22 2 5 1 1 1 23 1 147
20122 No age reading
2013 0 178 252 144 143 122 117 13 31 12 4 24 38 12 1 090
2014-2017 No age reading
2018 195 270 126 39 25 38 44 53 48 56 61 62 87 50 1 154
2019 No age reading
20202 17 123 108 111 22 44 92 129 64 80 64 7 0 5 866
2021-2025 No age reading
Table 6.18b. S. mentella 1 in subareas 1 and 2. Norwegian bottom-trawl indices (on age) from the annual Barents Sea survey in February 1992–2024 (numbers in millions). The area coverage was extended from 1993 onwards and from 2014 and onwards. Numbers recalculated.

1 Includes some unidentified Sebastes specimens mostly less than 15 cm.

2 Indices not raised to represent uncovered parts of the Russian EEZ

  2008 2009 2013 2016 2019 2022
mean length (cm) All/M/F1 37.0/36.4/37.5 36.6/36.0/37.1 37.5/37.0/38.1 37.7/37.0/38.3 37.6/37.2/38.0 37.4/37.2/38.5
mean length (cm) S/DSL/D2 37.2/36.8/39.1 37.2/36.5/38.3 37.1/37.4/38.9 38.1/37.6/38.4 37.4/37.6/37.7 -
mean weight (g) All/M/F 619/585/648 625/609/666 659/625/706 656/619/694 683/644/724 687/673/743
Mean age (y) All/M/F 25 / 25 / 25 25 / 25 / 24 28 / 29 / 28 27 / 27 / 26 - / - / - 30/31/31
Sex ratio (M/F) 45% / 55% 45% / 55% 59% / 41% 50% / 50% 51% / 49% 53%/47%
Occurrence 96% 100% 95% 80% 99% 89%
Catch rates 3.80 t/NM2 3.94 t/NM2 3.47 t/NM2 1.01 t/NM2 3.40 t/NM2 -
mean sA 33 m2/NM2 34 m2/NM2 19 m2/NM2 5.2 m2/NM2 - -
Total Area 53 720 NM2 69 520 NM2 69 520 NM2 67 150 NM2 73 364 NM2 -
Abundance (Acoustics)3 395 000 t 532 000 t 297 000 t 136 000 t - -
Abundance (Trawl)4 406 000 t 548 000 t 482 000 t 116 000 t 499 000 t -
Table 6.19. Comparison of results on S. mentella from the Norwegian Sea pelagic surveys in 2008, 2009, 2013, 2016, and 2019. Acoustic results for the 2019 and 2022 survey were not available at the time of JRN-AFWG 2025.

1 - M = males only, F = females only.

2 - S = shallower than DSL, DSL = deep scattering layer, D = deeper than DSL.

3 - The abundance derived from hydroacoustics is calculated assuming a Length-dependent target strength equation of TS=20log(L)-68.0. In 2016 the TS equation used was TS=20log(L)-69.6 following recommendation from ICES-WKTAR (2010).

4 - Trawls: Gloria 2048 in 2008 and 2009 Gloria 2560 HO helix in 2013 and Gloria 1024 in 2016. Trawl catchability for redfish set to 0.5 for all trawls based on results from Bethke et al. (2010).

sa (demersal) Varies over time              
sa (pelagic) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.014 0.024 0.039 0.063 0.100 0.155 0.234 0.337 0.458 0.584 0.699 0.795 1.000
Table 6.20a. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Population matrix with numbers-at-age (in thousands) for each year and separable fishing mortality coefficients for the demersal and pelagic fleet by year (Fy) and selectivity at age for the pelagic fleet (Sa). Numbers are estimated from the statistical catch-at-age model.
Fy (deereral) Fy (pelagic) Year/ Age 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19+
0.042 0 1992 429 977 415 175 375 788 242 932 149 082 102 443 97 930 107 160 130 282 91 119 102 382 75 533 77 953 65 441 46 307 30 041 19 657 207 239
0.031 0 1993 289 490 409 094 395 010 357 537 229 100 140 310 96 194 91 724 100 097 121 356 84 641 94 849 69 802 71 879 60 224 42 545 27 562 207 147
0.027 0 1994 209 655 275 430 389 225 375 825 340 094 217 847 133 302 91 205 86 611 93 909 113 067 78 467 87 700 64 464 66 350 55 581 39 262 216 588
0.020 0 1995 200 014 199 472 262 053 370 321 357 293 323 028 206 534 125 963 85 766 81 007 87 447 104 994 72 756 81 258 59 709 61 447 51 470 236 914
0.014 0 1996 159 840 190 300 189 784 249 325 352 084 339 424 306 393 195 374 118 715 80 518 75 820 81 695 97 990 67 870 75 784 55 681 57 298 268 907
0.013 0 1997 111 468 152 077 181 057 180 567 237 151 334 736 322 328 290 270 184 453 111 726 75 637 71 165 76 655 91 934 63 673 71 096 52 236 306 023
0.019 0 1998 57 486 106 055 144 691 172 264 171 764 225 507 317 976 305 482 274 120 173 637 104 993 71 029 66 814 71 962 86 303 59 772 66 741 336 313
0.014 0 1999 46 459 54 694 100 904 137 664 163 884 163 356 214 155 300 527 286 693 256 314 162 197 98 055 66 333 62 395 67 203 80 596 55 820 376 399
0.011 0 2000 36 893 44 203 52 037 96 003 130 976 155 913 155 358 203 324 283 878 269 463 240 519 152 154 91 978 62 221 58 528 63 037 75 600 405 428
0.020 0 2001 35 692 35 101 42 056 49 510 91 340 124 613 148 320 147 606 192 108 267 188 253 477 226 238 143 119 86 516 58 527 55 052 59 294 452 464
0.007 0 2002 42 423 33 958 33 397 40 014 47 087 86 817 118 273 140 366 139 075 180 187 249 838 236 648 211 076 133 491 80 688 54 582 51 341 477 252
0.003 0 2003 45 546 40 363 32 309 31 775 38 069 44 796 82 571 112 379 133 073 131 549 170 266 236 016 223 541 199 383 126 095 76 217 51 558 499 306
0.006 0 2004 61 313 43 334 38 402 30 740 30 228 36 213 42 602 78 502 106 794 126 400 124 904 161 623 224 002 212 145 189 211 119 660 72 327 522 741
0.008 0 2005 117 600 58 335 41 229 36 537 29 244 28 753 34 436 40 491 74 546 101 302 119 777 118 275 152 984 211 986 200 748 179 037 113 224 563 055
0.005 0.037 2006 228 265 111 888 55 502 39 227 34 760 27 819 27 345 32 730 38 440 70 642 95 818 113 149 111 658 144 385 200 048 189 434 168 944 638 148
0.004 0.020 2007 341 155 217 179 106 454 52 806 37 321 33 071 26 451 25 987 31 075 36 434 66 788 90 308 106 262 104 428 134 410 185 341 174 743 737 346
0.005 0.013 2008 379 932 324 586 206 631 101 284 50 241 35 508 31 454 25 151 24 698 29 505 34 537 63 174 85 222 100 031 98 049 125 870 173 152 847 570
0.003 0.009 2009 381 522 361 480 308 821 196 595 96 365 47 801 33 776 29 915 23 910 23 452 27 954 32 655 59 643 80 340 94 145 92 123 118 077 954 101
0.004 0.010 2010 484 675 362 993 343 923 293 822 187 046 91 683 45 471 32 123 28 436 22 703 22 238 26 479 30 904 56 389 75 871 88 806 86 806 1 007 725
0.005 0.010 2011 585 041 461 135 345 363 327 220 279 549 177 957 87 211 43 244 30 535 27 005 21 532 21 063 25 050 29 202 53 217 71 514 83 612 1 027 695
0.005 0.008 2012 514 156 556 626 438 739 328 589 311 326 265 970 169 284 82 947 41 112 29 000 25 602 20 376 19 904 23 642 27 526 50 100 67 248 1 042 065
0.004 0.007 2013 277 390 489 184 529 592 417 430 312 628 296 200 253 008 161 008 78 865 39 063 27 523 24 261 19 278 18 805 22 309 25 944 47 172 1 041 939
0.015 0.008 2014 301 447 263 918 465 425 503 871 397 155 297 441 281 777 240 664 153 125 74 979 37 115 26 125 22 997 18 245 17 771 21 056 24 461 1 024 513
0.025 0.008 2015 287 730 286 806 251 100 442 821 479 386 377 845 282 934 267 988 228 814 145 502 71 175 35 174 24 697 21 669 17 132 16 636 19 665 975 718
0.035 0.009 2016 261 768 273 756 272 876 238 905 421 301 456 067 359 382 269 005 254 567 216 926 137 410 66 825 32 823 22 941 20 072 15 841 15 363 916 904
0.033 0.010 2017 267 611 249 055 260 460 259 623 227 286 400 768 433 666 341 476 255 168 240 609 203 731 127 978 61 766 30 181 21 027 18 359 14 468 848 894
0.044 0.010 2018 273 985 254 614 236 958 247 810 246 992 216 208 381 114 412 212 324 304 241 952 227 513 191 794 119 756 57 411 27 883 19 337 16 829 787 387
0.058 0.008 2019 277 225 260 678 242 247 225 450 235 726 234 909 205 540 362 080 391 193 307 191 228 487 213 861 179 152 111 032 52 830 25 493 17 593 725 368
0.078 0.007 2020 271 416 263 761 248 017 230 482 214 406 224 115 223 212 195 148 343 330 370 190 289 814 214 617 199 691 166 063 102 091 48 193 23 095 662 166
0.091 0.006 2021 265 735 258 234 250 951 235 971 219 279 203 975 213 173 212 261 185 485 326 027 350 907 273 802 201 556 185 740 152 417 92 321 43 018 599 005
Year/ Age 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
1992 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.212 0.261 0.316 0.377 0.442 0.509 0.576 0.640 0.699 0.753 0.799 0.839 0.872 0.899 1.000
1993 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.007 0.019 0.047 0.114 0.248 0.459 0.686 0.849 0.935 0.974 0.990 0.996 0.998 0.999 1.000
1994 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.029 0.063 0.131 0.252 0.432 0.631 0.793 0.896 0.951 0.978 0.990 0.995 0.998 0.999 1.000
1995 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.035 0.075 0.153 0.286 0.470 0.663 0.814 0.906 0.955 0.979 0.991 0.996 0.998 0.999 1.000
1996 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.019 0.053 0.135 0.303 0.549 0.773 0.905 0.964 0.987 0.995 0.998 0.999 1.000 1.000 1.000
1997 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.014 0.042 0.118 0.290 0.555 0.793 0.921 0.973 0.991 0.997 0.999 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
1998 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.022 0.100 0.357 0.735 0.933 0.986 0.997 0.999 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
1999 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.005 0.029 0.149 0.507 0.859 0.973 0.995 0.999 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
2000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.012 0.123 0.609 0.945 0.995 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
2001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.020 0.050 0.122 0.266 0.487 0.713 0.867 0.945 0.978 0.992 0.997 0.999 1.000 1.000 1.000
2002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.012 0.049 0.184 0.495 0.810 0.949 0.988 0.997 0.999 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
2003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.042 0.084 0.161 0.286 0.455 0.635 0.784 0.883 0.940 0.970 0.986 0.993 0.997 0.998 1.000
2004 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.020 0.044 0.094 0.190 0.348 0.547 0.732 0.861 0.934 0.970 0.986 0.994 0.997 0.999 1.000
2005 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.008 0.020 0.051 0.123 0.267 0.486 0.711 0.865 0.943 0.977 0.991 0.997 0.999 0.999 1.000
2006 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.008 0.022 0.057 0.140 0.306 0.543 0.763 0.897 0.959 0.985 0.994 0.998 0.999 1.000
2007 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.003 0.010 0.027 0.076 0.194 0.414 0.674 0.858 0.946 0.981 0.993 0.998 0.999 1.000
2008 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.003 0.013 0.060 0.241 0.613 0.887 0.975 0.995 0.999 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
2009 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.004 0.015 0.055 0.180 0.452 0.756 0.921 0.978 0.994 0.998 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
2010 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.007 0.020 0.056 0.146 0.328 0.582 0.800 0.919 0.970 0.989 0.996 0.999 1.000 1.000
2011 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.002 0.007 0.024 0.082 0.242 0.535 0.805 0.937 0.982 0.995 0.999 1.000 1.000 1.000
2012 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.005 0.012 0.031 0.076 0.178 0.363 0.599 0.797 0.911 0.964 0.986 0.995 0.998 1.000
2013 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.003 0.006 0.014 0.032 0.071 0.151 0.294 0.493 0.694 0.841 0.925 0.967 0.985 1.000
2014 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.004 0.007 0.014 0.027 0.053 0.101 0.183 0.308 0.471 0.639 0.780 0.876 0.934 1.000
2015 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.003 0.008 0.021 0.052 0.125 0.270 0.489 0.712 0.865 0.943 0.977 0.991 0.997 1.000
2016 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.005 0.013 0.032 0.077 0.174 0.348 0.575 0.774 0.897 0.956 0.982 0.993 0.997 1.000
2017 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.005 0.011 0.022 0.044 0.085 0.159 0.278 0.439 0.614 0.764 0.868 0.930 0.964 1.000
2018 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.008 0.015 0.028 0.050 0.087 0.149 0.242 0.368 0.516 0.661 0.781 0.867 0.922 1.000
2019 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.008 0.012 0.020 0.033 0.053 0.085 0.132 0.201 0.293 0.405 0.529 0.649 0.753 0.834 1.000
2020 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.005 0.009 0.019 0.039 0.077 0.146 0.260 0.419 0.598 0.754 0.863 1.000
2021 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.007 0.010 0.016 0.025 0.040 0.062 0.094 0.141 0.207 0.293 0.396 0.509 0.622 0.723 1.000
Table 6.20b. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Fisheries selectivity at age for the demersal fleet by age (Sa). Numbers are estimated from the statistical catch-at-age model.
Year Rec (age 2) in millions Rec (age 6) in millions Stock Biomass (tonnes) SSB (tonnes) F (12–18) F(19+)
1992 430 149 578 519 272 832 0.033 0.042
1993 289 229 625 410 323 633 0.029 0.031
1994 210 340 683 984 408 052 0.026 0.027
1995 200 357 749 346 469 927 0.020 0.020
1996 160 352 815 427 388 973 0.014 0.014
1997 111 237 879 903 478 373 0.013 0.013
1998 57 172 939 166 540 768 0.019 0.019
1999 46 164 987 329 608 797 0.014 0.014
2000 37 131 1 028 157 705 479 0.011 0.011
2001 36 91 1 061 896 655 042 0.020 0.020
2002 42 47 1 076 158 738 944 0.007 0.007
2003 46 38 1 092 380 815 196 0.003 0.003
2004 61 30 1 105 589 821 177 0.005 0.006
2005 118 29 1 111 783 876 777 0.008 0.008
2006 228 35 1 114 129 863 053 0.022 0.042
2007 341 37 1 093 928 1 006 505 0.013 0.024
2008 380 50 1 087 883 943 961 0.011 0.018
2009 382 96 1 091 599 981 572 0.007 0.012
2010 485 187 1 104 151 934 873 0.008 0.013
2011 585 280 1 123 427 924 087 0.009 0.015
2012 514 311 1 151 950 918 287 0.008 0.013
2013 277 313 1 194 986 870 554 0.006 0.011
2014 301 397 1 253 060 818 776 0.013 0.023
2015 288 479 1 307 703 839 740 0.025 0.032
2016 262 421 1 350 509 896 320 0.035 0.044
2017 268 227 1 386 933 872 141 0.027 0.042
2018 274 247 1 427 869 892 107 0.032 0.054
2019 277 236 1 459 921 919 610 0.034 0.066
2020 271 214 1 483 445 950 770 0.038 0.085
2021 266 219 1 498 423 976 956 0.041 0.097
Table 6.21. Stock summary for S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2 as estimated by the statistical catch-at-age model. Stock biomass is for age 2 y+.

 

Figure 6. 1. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Total international landings 1952–2024 (thousand tonnes).
Figure 6. 1. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Total international landings 1952–2024 (thousand tonnes).
S.mentella. Total international landings
Figure 6.2. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Left panel: Catch in tonnes reported by national fleets for the subareas 27.1 and 27.2 and in the NEAFC regulatory area. Right panel: Geographical location of the directed Norwegian fishery in 2021 within Norwegian Exclusive Economic Zone and bycatches by Norwegian vessels in all areas. Directed fishing with bottom trawl is not permitted to the east of the red line. Directed fishing with pelagic trawl is not permitted to the east of the blue line. Directed fishing is not permitted in the Fishery Protection Zone around Svalbard.
Delineation of the geographical limits for directed fishing in the Norwegian Economic Zone in 2014–2024. Directed pelagic trawling is only allowed west of the blue line. Directed demersal trawling is only allowed between the blue and the red line. The area east of the stippled line inside NEZ south of Bear Island is only open for directed demersal trawling after 10 May. The other areas for directed fishing are also open during 1 January to last February. Due to high bycatch ratios of golden redfish 72°N was suggested as southern limit for directed demersal fishing marked by the red line along that latitude to the Norwegian directorate of fisheries in November 2018.
Figure 6.3. Delineation of the geographical limits for directed fishing in the Norwegian Economic Zone in 2014–2024. Directed pelagic trawling is only allowed west of the blue line. Directed demersal trawling is only allowed between the blue and the red line. The area east of the stippled line inside NEZ south of Bear Island is only open for directed demersal trawling after 10 May. The other areas for directed fishing are also open during 1 January to last February. Due to high bycatch ratios of golden redfish 72°N was suggested as southern limit for directed demersal fishing marked by the red line along that latitude to the Norwegian directorate of fisheries in November 2018.
 S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Length-distributions of the commercial demersal catches by Norway ​​​​​​ and Russia in 2019–2024. Norwegian data not available for 2024.
Figure 6.4. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Length-distributions of the commercial demersal catches by Norway
​​​​​​ and Russia in 2019–2024. Norwegian data not available for 2024.
Figure 6.5. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Upper panels: Catch numbers-at-age for the demersal and pelagic fleets 1992–2021. Lower panel: Age composition of the commercial demersal catches by Norway and Russia in 2021 (calculated using ALK).
Figure 6.5. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Upper panels: Catch numbers-at-age for the demersal and pelagic fleets 1992–2021. Lower panel: Age composition of the commercial demersal catches by Norway and Russia in 2021 (calculated using ALK).
Figure 6.6. Weight-at-age of S. mentella per year class in subareas 1 and 2 derived from Norwegian commercial and survey data (Table 6.7). The weights were derived from samples with at least five individuals and are expressed in grammes. The blue and purple lines show the fitted mixed-effect models.
Figure 6.6. Weight-at-age of S. mentella per year class in subareas 1 and 2 derived from Norwegian commercial and survey data (Table 6.7). The weights were derived from samples with at least five individuals and are expressed in grammes. The blue and purple lines show the fitted mixed-effect models.
Figure 6.7. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. The upper panel shows weight-at-age 19+ as reported from catches (blue) or modelled from catches and survey observations (red) using a mixed effect model (Figure 6.5). AFWG 2017 was the last working group using the annual mixed effect model. The weights-at-age used in the assessment were based on the fixed effects model and are therefore the same for every year. These weights were updated in 2022 and differ only slightly from those estimated in the assessments since 2018. The bottom panel shows comparison of the observed Norwegian and Russian weight by age with the modelled one up to 2020.
Figure 6.7. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. The upper panel shows weight-at-age 19+ as reported from catches (blue) or modelled from catches and survey observations (red) using a mixed effect model (Figure 6.5). AFWG 2017 was the last working group using the annual mixed effect model. The weights-at-age used in the assessment were based on the fixed effects model and are therefore the same for every year. These weights were updated in 2022 and differ only slightly from those estimated in the assessments since 2018. The bottom panel shows comparison of the observed Norwegian and Russian weight by age with the modelled one up to 2020.
Figure 6.8. Proportion maturity-at-age of S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2 derived from Norwegian commercial and survey data (Table D7). The proportions were derived from samples with at least five individuals. The blue and purple lines show the fitted mixed-effect models. For 2008, 2011 and 2016–2019 the common model (fixed effects blue) was used for other years the annual models (random effects purple) were used. Available data for 2019 was insufficient at the time of the meeting and the fixed effect model was used and there was no age data available for 2020 or 2021.
Figure 6.8. Proportion maturity-at-age of S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2 derived from Norwegian commercial and survey data (Table D7). The proportions were derived from samples with at least five individuals. The blue and purple lines show the fitted mixed-effect models. For 2008, 2011 and 2016–2019 the common model (fixed effects blue) was used for other years the annual models (random effects purple) were used. Available data for 2019 was insufficient at the time of the meeting and the fixed effect model was used and there was no age data available for 2020 or 2021.

 

Figure 6.10. Abundance of S. mentella (5–14 cm) during the winter survey (February) in the Barents Sea compared with the consumption of redfish (mainly S. mentella) by cod (See Section 1 Table 1.1).
Figure 6.10. Abundance of S. mentella (5–14 cm) during the winter survey (February) in the Barents Sea compared with the consumption of redfish (mainly S. mentella) by cod (See Section 1 Table 1.1).

 

 

Figure 6.9. Density distribution of natural mortality rates calculated with 30 of the 39 compared methods at the 2018 benchmark. The excluded methods are those based on certain taxa or areas. The broken red line indicates the currently used value; the broken red line indicates the currently used value; the broken green line the most frequent one and the black dotted lines indicate the beginning and end of the distribution’s peak.
Figure 6.9. Density distribution of natural mortality rates calculated with 30 of the 39 compared methods at the 2018 benchmark. The excluded methods are those based on certain taxa or areas. The broken red line indicates the currently used value; the broken red line indicates the currently used value; the broken green line the most frequent one and the black dotted lines indicate the beginning and end of the distribution’s peak.
Figure 6.11. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Age disaggregated abundance indices for bottom-trawl surveys 1992–2024 in the Barents Sea in winter (winter survey top) in summer (Ecosystem survey middle) and in autumn (Russian groundfish survey bottom).
Figure 6.11. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Age disaggregated abundance indices for bottom-trawl surveys 1992–2024 in the Barents Sea in winter (winter survey top) in summer (Ecosystem survey middle) and in autumn (Russian groundfish survey bottom).
Figure 6.12. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Abundance indices for individual trawl stations during the ecosystem survey in autumn 2024 (top) and winter survey 2024 bottom).
Figure 6.12. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Abundance indices for individual trawl stations during the ecosystem survey in autumn 2024 (top) and winter survey 2024 bottom).

 

Figure 6.13. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Left panel: Survey track of the Deep Pelagic Ecosystem Survey in 2022 and categorized trawls. Potential failures need further examination to determine their usability, whilst successful trawls can be used for the survey index without further consideration. Right panel: Catch rates in tonnes per square nautical mile for the surveyed depth layers (< = 300 m, 301–600 m and > 600 m) from the 2019 survey. The corresponding results for the 2022 survey are not available.
Figure 6.13. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Left panel: Survey track of the Deep Pelagic Ecosystem Survey in 2022 and categorized trawls. Potential failures need further examination to determine their usability, whilst successful trawls can be used for the survey index without further consideration. Right panel: Catch rates in tonnes per square nautical mile for the surveyed depth layers (< = 300 m, 301–600 m and > 600 m) from the 2019 survey. The corresponding results for the 2022 survey are not available.

 

Figure 6.14. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Proportions at age during the International Deep Pelagic Ecosystem Survey (WGIDEEPS) in the Norwegian Sea. Bars show proportions at age and dots shows the coefficient of variation for each age. Estimated with StoX
Figure 6.14. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Proportions at age during the International Deep Pelagic Ecosystem Survey (WGIDEEPS) in the Norwegian Sea. Bars show proportions at age and dots shows the coefficient of variation for each age. Estimated with StoX

 

Figure 6.16. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Abundance indices (in billions) of 0-group redfish (believed to be mostly S. mentella) in the international 0-group survey in the Barents Sea and Svalbard areas in August-September 1980–2023. Data not available from 2024-survey.
Figure 6.16. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Abundance indices (in billions) of 0-group redfish (believed to be mostly S. mentella) in the international 0-group survey in the Barents Sea and Svalbard areas in August-September 1980–2023. Data not available from 2024-survey.

 

 

Figure 6.15. Map showing the specific pelagic 0-group trawl stations and the abundance of 0-group S. mentella during the joint Norwegian- Russian Ecosystem survey in the Barents Sea and Svalbard in 2023. Not updated in 2024.
Figure 6.15. Map showing the specific pelagic 0-group trawl stations and the abundance of 0-group S. mentella during the joint Norwegian- Russian Ecosystem survey in the Barents Sea and Svalbard in 2023. Not updated in 2024.

 

 

Figure 6.17. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Horizontal distribution of S. mentella hydroacoustic backscattering (sA) during the Norwegian slope survey in spring 2024. The circles are proportional to the sA assigned to redfish along the vessel track.
Figure 6.17. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Horizontal distribution of S. mentella hydroacoustic backscattering (sA) during the Norwegian slope survey in spring 2024. The circles are proportional to the sA assigned to redfish along the vessel track.

 

Figure 6.18. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Results from the statistical catch-at-age assessment run showing the estimated recruitment-at-age 2 spawning-stock biomass from 1992 to 2023 and annual fishing mortality coefficients by year (Fy) from the demersal (blue) and pelagic (red) fleets. Error bars (top) and the coloured envelope (bottom) indicate 95% confidence limits.
Figure 6.18. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Results from the statistical catch-at-age assessment run showing the estimated recruitment-at-age 2 spawning-stock biomass from 1992 to 2023 and annual fishing mortality coefficients by year (Fy) from the demersal (blue) and pelagic (red) fleets. Error bars (top) and the coloured envelope (bottom) indicate 95% confidence limits.
Figure 6.19. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Results from the statistical catch-at-age assessment run showing the estimated annual fleet selectivity by age (Fa) from the pelagic (top panel) and demersal (lower panels) fleets. Colored envelopes indicate 95% confidence limits.
Figure 6.19. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Results from the statistical catch-at-age assessment run showing the estimated annual fleet selectivity by age (Fa) from the pelagic (top panel) and demersal (lower panels) fleets. Colored envelopes indicate 95% confidence limits.

 

Figure 6.20. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Results from the statistical catch-at-age assessment run showing the selectivity-at-age for winter (blue) ecosystem (grey) and Russian groundfish (red) surveys.
Figure 6.20. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Results from the statistical catch-at-age assessment run showing the selectivity-at-age for winter (blue) ecosystem (grey) and Russian groundfish (red) surveys.

 

 

Figure 6.22. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Modelled distribution of numbers (yellow bars right y-axis) biomass (light blue left y-axis) and spawning-stock-biomass (dark blue left y-axis) at age 2–45+ in 2023.
Figure 6.21. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Results from the statistical catch-at-age model showing the evolution of total biomass (in tonnes light blue left axis) spawning-stock-biomass (in tonnes dark blue, left axis) and recruitment-at-age 2 (in numbers yellow, right axis) for the period 1992–2023 for S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2.

 

Figure 6.22. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Modelled distribution of numbers (yellow bars right y-axis) biomass (light blue left y-axis) and spawning-stock-biomass (dark blue left y-axis) at age 2–45+ in 2023.
Figure 6.22. S. mentella in subareas 1 and 2. Modelled distribution of numbers (yellow bars right y-axis) biomass (light blue left y-axis) and spawning-stock-biomass (dark blue left y-axis) at age 2–45+ in 2023.

 

Figure 6.23a. Diagnostic plots for the demersal fleet catch-at-age data. Top-left: scatterplot of observed vs. fitted indices the dotted red line indicates 1:1 relationship. Top right: boxplot of residuals (observed-fitted) for each age. Bottom left: boxplot of residuals for each year. Bottom right: bubble plot of residuals for each age/year combination bubble size is proportional to mean residuals blue are positive and red are negative residuals.
Figure 6.23a. Diagnostic plots for the demersal fleet catch-at-age data. Top-left: scatterplot of observed vs. fitted indices the dotted red line indicates 1:1 relationship. Top right: boxplot of residuals (observed-fitted) for each age. Bottom left: boxplot of residuals for each year. Bottom right: bubble plot of residuals for each age/year combination bubble size is proportional to mean residuals blue are positive and red are negative residuals.

 

 

Figure 6.23a. Diagnostic plots for the demersal fleet catch-at-age data. Top-left: scatterplot of observed vs. fitted indices the dotted red line indicates 1:1 relationship. Top right: boxplot of residuals (observed-fitted) for each age. Bottom left: boxplot of residuals for each year. Bottom right: bubble plot of residuals for each age/year combination bubble size is proportional to mean residuals blue are positive and red are negative residuals.
Figure 6.23b. Diagnostic plots for the pelagic fleet catch-at-age data. See legend from Figure 6.23a.

 

 

Figure 6.23a. Diagnostic plots for the demersal fleet catch-at-age data. Top-left: scatterplot of observed vs. fitted indices the dotted red line indicates 1:1 relationship. Top right: boxplot of residuals (observed-fitted) for each age. Bottom left: boxplot of residuals for each year. Bottom right: bubble plot of residuals for each age/year combination bubble size is proportional to mean residuals blue are positive and red are negative residuals.
Figure 6.23c. Diagnostic plots for winter survey data. See legend from Figure 6.23a.

 

 

Figure 6.23b. Diagnostic plots for the pelagic fleet catch-at-age data. See legend from Figure 6.23a.
Figure 6.23d. Diagnostic plots for Ecosystem survey data. See legend from Figure 6.23a.

 

 

Figure 6.23a. Diagnostic plots for the demersal fleet catch-at-age data. Top-left: scatterplot of observed vs. fitted indices the dotted red line indicates 1:1 relationship. Top right: boxplot of residuals (observed-fitted) for each age. Bottom left: boxplot of residuals for each year. Bottom right: bubble plot of residuals for each age/year combination bubble size is proportional to mean residuals blue are positive and red are negative residuals.
Figure 6.23e. Diagnostic plots for the Russian groundfish survey data. See legend from Figure 6.23a.

 

Figure 6.24. The upper panel shows the retrospective patterns of the spawning-stock biomass of S. mentella estimated by the SCAA model for runs up to years 2007–2017 and the baseline model of the 2018 benchmark. The lower panel presents the analytical retrospectives for the current assessment and back to 2018. Confidence Intervals are shown for the latest assessment.
Figure 6.24. The upper panel shows the retrospective patterns of the spawning-stock biomass of S. mentella estimated by the SCAA model for runs up to years 2007–2017 and the baseline model of the 2018 benchmark. The lower panel presents the analytical retrospectives for the current assessment and back to 2018. Confidence Intervals are shown for the latest assessment.

 

Figure 6.25. The upper panel shows the retrospective patterns of the fishing mortality for the age classes 12-18, estimated by the SCAA model for runs up to years 2018-2022. The lower panel presents fishing mortality for the age-19+ group for the same time period. Broken lines indicate the confidence intervals for the 2022 assessments.
Figure 6.25. The upper panel shows the retrospective patterns of the fishing mortality for the age classes 12-18, estimated by the SCAA model for runs up to years 2018-2022. The lower panel presents fishing mortality for the age-19+ group for the same time period. Broken lines indicate the confidence intervals for the 2022 assessments.

 

Chapter 8. Greenland halibut in subareas 1 and 2 (Northeast Arctic)

Status of the fisheries

Landings prior to 2025 (Tables 8.1–8.8, Figures 8.1–8.3)

Nominal landings by country for subareas 1 and 2 combined are presented in Table 8.1. Tables 8.2 to 8.4 give the landings for subarea 1 and divisions 2.a and 2.b separately. Landings by gear type are presented in Table 8.5. Catch per unit effort is presented in Table 8.6 and total catch from 1935 to 2024 is presented in Table 8.7 and Figure 8.1.

The preliminary estimate of the total landings for 2024 is 22422 tonnes. This is 4814 tonnes less than the landings in 2023 and 6862 tonnes more than the JRN-AFWG advised maximum catch for 2024 (15560 tonnes). Compared to 2023, the catches from 3rd part countries remained stable, while catches from Norway and Russia were lower due to reduced quota. Commercial landings exceeded the quotas set by the Joint Norwegian-Russian Fisheries Commission for 2024 by 1172 tonnes (total TAC 21250 tonnes). Catches in the report include all landings in ICES 1 and 2 and thus include catches in UK waters in the southern part of ICES area 2.

Some fishing for Greenland halibut has taken place in the northern part of Division 4.a during the past 20–30 years, varying between a few tonnes and up to 2577 in 1999. Since 2000, total catch has ranged from 64 to 1330 tonnes, primarily taken by Norway, France, and the UK. Preliminary numbers show 966 tonnes in 2024 (Table 8.8, Figures 8.2 and 8.3). Although there is a continuous distribution of this species from the southern part of Division 2a along the continental slope towards the Shetland area, the stock structure is unclear in this area and these landings have therefore not been added to the total from subareas 1 and 2. Recent mark-recapture and genetic investigations indicate that the stock might have a more south and westward distribution than the current ICES definition of the stock boundaries (Albert and Vollen, 2015; Vihtakari et al. 2022; Lindegren et al. 2025; Westgaard et al., 2016).

JRN-AFWG advice applicable to 2025-2026

JRN-AFWG advised that when the precautionary approach is applied, catches in 2025 should be no more than 12431 tonnes. Catches in 2026 should be no more than 14891 tonnes. This corresponds to a harvest rate of 0.117 and 0.123, respectively. All catches are assumed to be landed.

Additional considerations

An ICES benchmark and data workshop process led to an agreed analytic assessment in 2023. The JRN-AFWG approved the use of this assessment method to generate advice in June the same year. The Greenland halibut is a long-lived species, and it is sufficient to give advice every other year. The next advice will be given in 2026, for catches in 2027 and 2028. The assessment is described in the benchmark report (ICES 2023).

Management

During the 38 th session of the Joint Norwegian-Russian Fisheries Commission (JNRFC) in 2009, the ban on targeted Greenland halibut fishery was lifted, and a Total Allowable Catch (TAC) of 15,000 tonnes was established for the years 2010 and 2011. From then on, the TAC gradually increased, reaching 27,000 tonnes in 2021. After that, there has been a slight reduction in the TAC, driven by a reduction in the advice given.

The TAC for NEA Greenland halibut set by JNRFC applies to catches in ICES areas 1, 2a and 2b, except the Jan Mayen EEZ and the part of the UK EEZ which is north of 62°N.

In 2024, 90 tonnes were reported in the Jan Mayen area (within ICES Subarea 2), where Greenland halibut fisheries are not regulated by TAC.

Previously, Norway had a quota for Greenland halibut in the EU EEZ, which could be fished in ICES areas 2a and 6. This TAC was partially within and partially outside the stock boundary. This area is now within the UK EEZ, and there was no agreement for a quota to Norway in this area for 2021. However, Norway and the UK agreed on a 600-tonne quota for Norway in areas 2a, 4, 5b, and 6 in 2022, with only longline fisheries permitted in area 6. The TAC allocated to Norway in the UK part of area 2a was 700 tonnes in 2023 and 600 tonnes in 2024. There is no separate ICES advice for the fishery in this area.

EU has sat a TAC of 2571 t for 2024 in area 6; United Kingdom and Union waters of 4; United Kingdom waters of 2a and United Kingdom and international waters of 5b.

For the Greenland halibut stock in area 1 and 2, the EU/UK TAC in the part of area 2a that is within UK EEZ is of most interest. Further investigations need to be conducted to reveal historical catches in this area.

Expected landings in 2025

Catches in 2024 were 22422 tonnes, which exceeded the TAC set by JRNFC and the official advice. The total Greenland halibut landings in the Barents Sea and adjacent waters (ICES Subarea 1 and divisions 2a and 2b) in 2025 may thus be higher than the JRNFC TAC of 19000 tonnes. Discards are not regarded as a problem.

Status of research

Survey results (Tables 8.9–8.11, Figures 8.4–8.10)

The assessment uses data from the following surveys:

The Russian bottom-trawl surveys in October-December (ICES acronym: G5348) covered large parts of the total known distribution area of the Greenland halibut within 100–900 m depth. A working document with a revision of the Russian index was provided to the 2021 meeting (Russkikh et al. 2021, WD12). Revised and recalculated length distributions were implemented in the 2023 assessment. Survey biomass indices increased steeply from 2005 to 2011, decreased until 2015 after which the biomass level flattened out (Figures 8.4 and 8.5). Abundance indices by length are shown in Table 8.9.

The Norwegian autumn slope survey (G1165) covers the northern part of the continental slope off Norway and thereby the main spawning area. Biomass and abundance indices show a downward trend since 2010 and are now at their lowest in the time-series (Figures 8.4–8.6). The length distributions from this survey (Figure 8.7, and Tables 8.10 and 8.11) show modes that can be followed through the years and indicate new recruitment to the adult stock in 2007. Since then, no such large recruit events are apparent in the length distributions, and since 2009 abundance of fish in adult lengths has been declining as well. This survey was conducted every year during 1994–2009 and biennially since then.

The Joint Ecosystem Survey in autumn (A5216) covers a large part of the Barents Sea down to 500 m and covers areas with mainly juvenile and immature fish. Three indices for Greenland halibut are based on the Joint Ecosystem Survey in the Barents Sea, one for fish between 10-17 cm, denoted Eco_SI_1, (Figure 8.8), one for fish between 17-27 cm, denoted Eco_SI_2 (Figure 8.8) and on for fish between 28 and 65 cm, denoted EcoS (Figure 8.9). The juvenile indices (Eco_SI_1 and Eco_Si_2), indicate a highly variable recruitment success, with good year classes occurring sporadically. The EcoS index for both females and males shows large fluctuations, with a slightly positive trend the last four years.

The joint winter survey in the Barents Sea (A6996) has been run from 1986 to the present (jointly with Russia since 2000, except 2006 and 2007). The survey mainly covers depths of 100–500 m and does not cover the deeper slope areas. Spatially, the survey focuses on the central Barents Sea, and west of Svalbard for some years. The northward coverage is limited by sea ice in some years. It is conducted in February and can thus give information on the stock at a different time of the year, as the other surveys are run in autumn. The biomass index has shown an increasing trend since 2004 with large variations in recent years. From the winter survey, only catch distributions are used in the assessment model (Figure 8.10).

Norwegian Southern Deepwater slope survey (G6149) is a trawl acoustic survey conducted in 2009, 2012 and biennially since then, along the continental slope in Norwegian EEZ from 62–74°N (subareas 1 and 2). Only catch distributions are used in the assessment (Figure 8.10).

Commercial catch-per-unit-effort (Table 8.6)

The CPUE series (Table 8.6) for the stock was subject to the 2015 benchmark and associated data workshops (see reports from WKBUT 2013, DCWKNGHD 2014 and IBPHALI 2015, and working documents by Bakanev (WD14 WKBUT 2013) and Nedreaas (WD 2 DCWKNGHD 2014). An alternative CPUE series for the Russian fisheries for the years 2004–2015 was presented at the 2016 meeting (Mikhaylov, WD14 AFWG 2016). It shows some discrepancies compared to the previous CPUE series used for the Russian fisheries for the same years. In the CPUE series values before 1992, when the partial moratorium was implemented, are not comparable with values after 1992 due to reduced effort leading to increased catchability. See the Stock Annex for further comments. The CPUE series are not currently used in the assessment.

Age readings

Based on the scientific understanding that the species is slow growing and more vulnerable than the previous age readings suggest, the Norwegian age reading methods were changed in 2006. The new Norwegian age readings are not comparable with older data or the Russian age readings.

The report from Workshop on Age Reading of Greenland Halibut (WKARGH) 14–17 February 2011 (ICES CM 2011/ACOM:41) described and evaluated several age reading methods for Greenland halibut.

The different methods can be classified into two groups: A) Those that produce age–length relationships that broadly compare with the traditional methods described by the joint NAFO-ICES workshop in 1996 (ICES 1997/G:1); and B) Several recently developed techniques that show much higher longevity and approximately half the growth rate from 40–50 cm onwards compared to the traditional method.

A second workshop on age reading of Greenland halibut (WKARGH2) was conducted in August 2016 and worked on further validation on new age reading methods. The workshop recommended that two of the new methods can be used to provide age estimations for stock assessments. Further, recognizing some bias and low precision in methods, the WKARGH2 suggested that an aging error matrix or growth curve with error be provided for use in future stock assessments (WKARGH2 report, ICES 2017).

WKARGH2 recommends regular inter-lab calibration exercises to improve precision (i.e. exchange of digital images between readers for each method and between methods).

Russian and Norwegian scientists and age readers should meet to work out issues of disagreements on Greenland halibut aging.

Data used in the assessment

At the 2023 benchmark, all Norwegian input data were scrutinized and revised (Windsland et al. 2023, WD 2 ICES WKBNORTH). The Russian slope survey was revised by Russkikh et al. (WD 12 AFWG 2021), and implemented for the 2023 JRN-AFWG.

In the assessment, the catch data are split into five aggregated fleets by gear and countries. Longline/gillnet fleets include landings from gillnet, longline, and handline. Trawl fleets include landings from bottom trawl, purse-seine (very minor catches, can be bycatch or misreporting) and Danish seine. Catch in tonnes and length distributions per quarter per fleet and sex from 1992–2020 are used in the assessment. Fleets are split between Norwegian catches, Russian catches, and catches from 3rd countries. Selectivities are allowed to vary by sex to account for sexual dimorphism influencing vulnerability to fishing. Catches are aggregated into following fleets:

  • Russian trawl and minor gears

  • Russian gillnet and longline

  • Norwegian trawl and minor gears

  • Norwegian gillnet and longline

  • 3rd countries

No survey covers the whole stock distribution area. The model uses length distributions and biomass indices from three surveys. From these surveys the following indices go into the current assessment:

  • EggaN_S - based on the Norwegian slope survey.

  • Eco_SI_1 and Eco_SI_2 - juvenile indices based on 10-17 cm and 18-27 cm fish in the Joint Ecosystem survey.

  • EcoS_SI - an index for fish 28-65 cm, based on data from the Joint Ecosystem survey.

  • RussianS_SI - Russian bottom-trawl survey in the Barents Sea in autumn.

In addition, catch length distributions from the Norwegian Southern Deepwater slope survey and the Joint Winter Survey are used in the assessment.

Age data from the Norwegian autumn slope survey were used in the tuning. The age data were provided using the frozen whole right otolith method recommended by WKARGH2 (ICES 2017).

No CPUE indices are used in the tuning.

Methods used in the assessment (Table 8.13)

A new assessment method with a revised length and age-based GADGET model was benchmarked in 2023 (ICES 2023).

At the JRN_AFWG meeting in 2023, the revision of the Russian Slope Survey was implemented in the assessment. This required recalculation of reference points that are given in table 8.13.

Advice for the stock is given biennially. Next advice will be given in 2026.

Model settings

Model used: Gadget3 (Lentin et al. 2022)

  • Start year 1980.

  • One year time-step.

  • Single area model, with variable distributions handled through fleet selectivity (“fleets as areas” approach)

  • Two sexes, split into mature and immature stock components

  • Logistic maturity estimated for each sex

  • 1 cm length classes and 1-year age classes

    • Lengths: females; immature 1-100 cm, mature 1-120 cm - males; immature 1-65 cm, mature 1-90 cm

    • Age: immature 1-25+, mature 3-25+

  • Von Bertanlanffy growth estimated separately for males and females, with Linf for males fixed to 68 cm. Length at age one fixed.

  • Natural mortality set to 0.12 for females and 0.16 for males

  • Initial size of recruits fixed at 14 cm (model has proved unable to estimate this)

  • Recruitment modeled as annual numbers, no relationship with SSB (estimated directly), assumed equal recruitment of male and female

  • Initial population follows a simplifying assumption of constant recruitment, M and F, giving an exponential decay by age. A fixed maturity ogive is used to split immature and mature proportions. Standard deviations of lengths at age is externally fixed.

  • Fisheries and surveys are modeled with fixed catch in tonnes per fleet, and sex-specific selectivity estimated using length distribution data and sex-at-length data.

  • Five aggregated commercial fleets (as described above), each with sex-specific logistic selectivity

  • Three surveys used for indices (EcoS, EggaN and RussianS), with logistic selectivity (but with a min:max length range to avoid bias in indices on fish suspected to be poorly selected)

  • Only length distributions used from Winter and EggaS surveys

More detailed model description, as well as outputs and diagnostics are shown in Vihtakari et al. 2023 (WD 17, WKBNORTH).

Results of the last assessment (Figure 8.11-8.14)

As this is not an advice year, the following results are from last year’s assessment. Model results, retrospective pattern, jitter, and short-term projections from the 2024 assessment are shown in Figures 8.11-8.15. Reference points and catch scenarios are shown in Table 8.12-8.14. The stock biomass is presented for the total 45+ cm (minimum legal landing size) population and the female spawning stock (Figure 8.11).

The biomass peaked around 2013–2014 and shows a clear downward trend since then. This trend is broadly in line with all three tuning series (Figures 8.4, 8.7 and 8.9). SSB went below B PA in 2024. The harvest rate has been steadily increasing since 2009 and is now above HR PA and HR MSY . The retrospective analysis for model biomass has negative Mohn’s rho values (Figure 8.12).

The retrospective patterns by year show a clear structure with pairs of lines being similar and then a jump to the next pair. This is caused by the availability of survey data, with the Norwegian autumn slope survey run every other year and missing years in the Russian autumn survey. As a result of this pattern, it is recommended that the assessment be run every other year rather than annually. There is a retrospective trend to increase the stock estimate over time. Peaks in recruitment were most likely exaggerated in the assessment model used before the benchmark, while in the present model they are probably underestimated. Large uncertainties in the age reading probably smooth out the peaks, distributing the recruitment over multiple years. Even though the assessment most likely smooths out the recruitment, the modelled peaks show reasonably good agreement to the data from the juvenile survey indices. This stock is dominated by sporadic recruitment events, and the model does a reasonable job of capturing this.

Biological reference points

Estimates of trends and biomass levels in stock dynamics are stable in the revised assessment. Therefore, the suggested reference points are for ICES category 1 stock (ICES, 2021).

The HR TARGET is set to HR MSY which equals 0.139. As recommended at the recent Benchmark (ICES 2023), this value was calculated during the present meeting following the revision of the Russian survey index (Russkikh et al. WD12, AFWG 2021). The fishable biomass is taken to be the 45+ cm biomass. The B TRIGGER in the ICES Advice Rule is set to be B PA , which equals 46747 t. B MSY has not been calculated.

Exploratory assessments; surplus production models and TSVPA.

Results of the assessment of the Barents Sea Greenland halibut stock based on a Bayesian surplus production model was provided by Bakanev in 2013, (WKBUT WD 14). Different sets of abundance indices were used for tuning the model. The analysis of model run results has shown that K is estimated within the range of 810 to 1139 kt, B MSY of 405 to 570 kt and MSY of 23 to 47 kt. However, the model was sensitive to the choice of prior on K. Taking into consideration a high probability of the stock size being at the level, which was quite a bit above B MSY , the risk of the biomass being below this optimal one was very small in 2002–2012 (<1%). The risk analysis of the stock size in the prediction years (2013–2020) under the catch of 0 to 30 kt indicated that the probability of the stock size being under the threshold levels (B MSY , B LIM ) was also minor (less than 1%). It was concluded that further work was needed on the historical CPUE series. Based on scrutiny of the CPUE series it was recommended to examine runs with the surplus production model for the period 1964-1991 and 1964-2005, in addition to runs for the whole 1964–2013 period. The CPUE series were considered less reliable to reflect stock dynamics than survey indices in the period after regulations of fishery were introduced in 1992. The Bayesian surplus model was not updated for presentation at the current meeting.

A production model was presented at the 2016 meeting (Mikhaylov, 2016, WD 14), although this model has not been reviewed at a benchmark, nor were biomass trends presented at this meeting. The model has been proposed as a possible method for the estimation of long-term reference points. An update was presented at the 2019 meeting (Mikhaylov 2019, AFWG 2019 WD21). In the current version, the MSY would be around 34 kt, the B MSY around 500 kt and F MSY on the level 0.069. It should be noted that these values are not directly transferable to a different model with different biomass levels and are in any case a long-term average. The WD concluded that, in general, the stock can withstand the fishing pressure in 2016, and the fishing regime was approaching optimum, indicating that the results of the exploratory surplus production model were in general alignment with the assessment.

F MSY is not appropriate to this stock given the recent extended run of poor recruitment, and such values have not been evaluated for precautionarity. In a plenary, it was concluded that it would be useful for further development of the production model to conduct separate exploratory runs for CPUE split into before and after 1992 and run with CPUE only before 1992 and survey data after 1992. This production model was not updated for presentation at the current meeting.

At the 2018 meeting, AFWG results from SPiCT production model were presented (ICES 2018). In the run that is presented in that report, all available data up to 2016 were used. For the run with default, priors applied K = 995 421 t and deterministic reference points were B MSY = 419 955 t, F = 0.07 and MSY = 29 742 t. Stochastic reference points for this run were in a similar range. Run with default priors deactivated gives similar MSY estimates but otherwise, rather different estimates; K = 2 504 006 t, B MSY = 609 410 t, F = 0.05 and MSY = 28 097 t. Further utilization of this approach demands closer scrutiny of model settings in relation to diagnostics. The SPiCT model can be a flexible tool to examine the production model approach to Greenland halibut, however, concerns highlighted below still apply.

In principle, a production model could be used in conjunction with the GADGET assessment model to extend the simulations back in time and provide better estimates for B LIM . However, the inability of production models to follow variable recruitment, and especially runs of above or below average recruitment, limits their ability to advise on this stock. In the benchmark report (IBPHALI 2015) Table 3.3 gives CPUE series and survey estimates that can be helpful for this task.

A working document (Bulatov et al. 2023, WD1 JNR-AFWG 2023) presents a comparison of two types of models: several different formulations of production models for Greenland halibut and age-structured TSVPA mode alongside a production model (the “combi” model) tuned to an index constructed from the TSVPA results. Tuning data for production model included catch in tonnes, Norwegian CPUE, Russian Survey and Winter survey indices. The biomass models showed F MSY (in a biomass model context) of around 0.05 to 0.07 and B MSY of 437-620 kt, giving long term MSY yields of between 32.3kt and 37.47kt. A TSVPA model was constructed, and the overall trend (with FMSY at age 9 at 0.14, and MSY yield of between 28.2kt and 31.5kt) was presented. A biomass model tuned to TSVPA as a relative index of abundance gave a F MSY (again in production model context) of 0.15 and long term MSY yield of 28.4kt. The use of TISVPA results allowed us to build a recruitment model (Beverton-Holt and “hockey stick” models) that predicts an approximately constant replenishment level (25 million at age 5), which justifies the assumptions accepted in new version of GADGET. However, given difficulties in the tuning indices noted below, the group does not feel that reliance can be placed on the absolute level of these results.

The group notes that there are two key problems in tuning data used in this WD, one is that the CPUE has an artificial step-change (increase) after the reduction in effort due to the partial moratorium in 1992 and will thus likely drive the hypothetical artificial fast rise in population from that point. The other is that the winter survey has had a trend to expand coverage area over time, and therefore the increasing trend in the swept area index is, at least partially, driven by this rather than any stock trends. Therefore, neither the full time series of CPUE nor the simple winter survey estimate should be used for model tuning. Furthermore, the new age reading methods imply considerably slower growth rate and increased longevity, compared to the traditional method used for age data in the TSVPA model (ICES WKARGH 2011, ICES WKARGH2 2016), and the old age readings should not be used in model tuning. It is also questionable if a biomass model can track the trends of this stock (where the population seems to be driven by variability in recruitment success).

In terms of trends, the TSVPA and the “Combi” biomass model tuned to a TSVPA-derived index were broadly similar to each other and to the new Gadget model. Key differences were that the TSVPA rose more steeply than Gadget after the 1992 low point, and the Combi model more steeply again. It seems likely that this could be explained using CPUE tuning data (with its artificial rise post 1992) in the Combi and TSVPA models. The other key point of difference is that the Gadget model shows a downturn starting in c. 2012, while the other models only turn down in 2021. One possible reason for this is that the Gadget model uses Ecosystem and Norwegian slope survey indices alongside the Russian index, while the models presented here use the Winter Survey (which has an artificial increasing trend due to increasing coverage).

The group felt that the TSVPA model was worth continuing developing, with a potential use as an auxiliary model (as for NEA cod and haddock), although its accuracy would continue to be hampered by the limited age reading on this species with new age reading methods. Using different tuning series and the more modern age reading method should result in a TSVPA model which could be used as an auxiliary model and could then be compared with the Gadget assessment. Effort should also be placed into continuing the age reading work, as an improved age data series would benefit both Gadget and age-based models such as TSVPA.

Comments to the last assessment

An overview of model exploration before, and at, the benchmark is given in the benchmark report (Vihtakari et al. WD 17, ICES 2023). At the JRN-AFWG in 2023 the assessment was updated by adding the revised Russian survey index. Between the end of the physical benchmark meeting and completion of the final model the following adjustments were made: Recalculation of data weighting, and flat top selectivity applied to all fleets. In addition, the Russian survey was revised as noted previously.

Within the fisheries in the Barents Sea and the associated continental slope, fish tend to move to the slope as they mature. This means that fisheries on the shelf tend to catch fewer of the large mature fish. The Barents Sea Greenland halibut Gadget model was designed to be a “fleets as areas model”, where fleet selectivity would take care of the issue of the larger fish moving out of the areas covered by some fleets and surveys. However, the dome shaped selectivity required for this was problematic. Dome-shaped selectivity increased the estimated biomass for mature females early on during the time-series but did not influence female SSB estimates toward the end of the time-series. This led to unrealistically pessimistic ratio between current stock status and recalculated Blim reducing the TAC estimate for 2025 to 7200 tonnes, which was deemed too low in the current situation by the experience and other model exploration using compiled survey indices. The model was therefore again run with logistic (flat-topped) selectivities, as in the 2023 assessment.

Prior to the 2024 assessment meeting it was experimented with changing the likelihood components weights as suggested in last year’s report. This did, however, not improve model stability any further.

The Greenland halibut population extends past the Joint Norwegian Russian Fisheries Commission (JNRFC) domain and surveys considered in the assessment do not cover the entire distribution (Albert & Vollen 2015, Westgaard et al. 2017, Vihtakari et al. 2022, Ubeda et al. 2023).

After the 2023 Benchmark, the procedures for data handling and calculations were improved, which led to minor changes in the length distributions compared to previous reports.

According to the jitter analysis, the model trends can be considered stable (Figure 8.13).

Future work

Efforts to improve stock assessment in the future should include:

  • Gather age data over more years.

  • Examine further Norwegian and joint Norwegian/Russian survey indices using VAST (mixed models) or similar statistical analysis.

  • Develop a harvest control rule.

  • Examine how to implement new evidence for south and westward extension of stock structure. Extensive work studying this extension as presented at the meeting.

Tables and figures

Year Denmark Estonia Faroe Islands Germany France Greenland Iceland Ireland Latvia Lithuania Norway Poland Portugal Russia Spain United Kingdom Total
1984 0 0 0 2165 138 0 0 0 0 0 3540 0 0 15181 0 23 21047
1985 0 0 0 4000 239 0 0 0 0 0 5287 0 0 10237 0 5 19768
1986 0 0 42 2718 13 0 0 0 0 0 7783 0 0 12200 0 12 22768
1987 0 0 0 2024 13 0 0 0 0 0 6893 0 0 9733 0 81 18744
1988 0 0 186 744 67 0 0 0 0 0 8811 0 0 9430 0 84 19322
1989 0 0 67 600 31 0 0 0 0 0 8837 0 0 8812 0 6 18353
1990 0 0 163 954 49 0 0 0 0 0 16615 0 0 4764 0 10 22555
1991 11 2564 314 101 119 0 0 0 0 0 27585 0 0 2490 132 2 33318
1992 0 0 16 13 111 13 0 0 0 0 7668 0 31 718 23 10 8603
1993 2 0 61 22 80 8 56 0 0 30 10379 0 43 1235 0 16 11932
1994 4 0 18 296 55 3 15 5 0 4 8428 0 36 283 1 78 9226
1995 0 0 12 35 174 12 25 2 0 0 9368 0 84 794 1106 122 11734
1996 0 0 2 81 219 123 70 0 0 0 11623 0 79 1576 200 374 14347
1997 0 0 27 56 253 0 62 2 0 0 7661 12 50 1038 157 92 9410
1998 0 0 57 34 67 0 23 2 0 0 8435 31 99 2659 259 227 11893
1999 0 0 94 34 0 38 7 2 0 0 15004 8 49 3823 319 139 19517
2000 0 0 0 15 45 0 16 1 0 0 9083 3 37 4568 375 154 14297
2001 0 0 0 58 122 0 18 1 0 0 10896 2 35 4694 418 130 16374
2002 0 219 0 42 7 22 4 6 0 0 7143 5 14 5584 178 69 13293
2003 0 0 459 18 2 14 0 1 0 0 8215 5 19 4384 230 99 13446
2004 0 0 0 9 0 0 10 0 0 0 13939 1 50 4662 186 43 18900
2005 0 170 0 8 32 0 0 0 0 0 13011 0 23 4883 660 47 18834
2006 0 0 204 8 46 0 8 0 0 196 11118 201 26 6055 2 12 17876
2007 0 0 203 8 40 198 15 0 0 0 8230 200 50 6484 11 19 15458
2008 0 0 663 5 41 0 28 0 0 0 7393 201 46 5294 112 26 13809
2009 0 0 422 19 16 16 15 2 0 0 8446 204 237 3335 202 68 12982
2010 0 0 272 14 102 15 16 0 0 0 7700 3 11 6888 188 26 15235
2011 0 0 538 80 46 4 7 0 0 234 8348 169 21 7053 144 40 16684
2012 0 0 563 40 40 12 13 0 0 0 9331 22 1 10041 186 35 20284
2013 0 0 783 49 168 22 106 1 0 0 10404 30 7 10306 12 92 21980
2014 0 0 887 33 269 24 86 0 0 0 10997 19 0 10061 23 212 22611
2015 0 0 724 33 230 16 98 0 0 0 10874 13 1 12953 25 114 25081
2016 2 353 1078 9 229 18 75 0 0 0 12932 26 19 10561 27 56 25385
2017 0 523 993 21 177 26 10 0 3 72 13741 26 13 10713 36 83 26437
2018 2 574 401 50 150 20 24 0 0 206 14875 27 6 12071 60 134 28600
2019 0 588 350 44 105 23 10 0 0 348 14867 122 8 12196 87 75 28823
2020 1 579 514 73 39 48 19 0 0 261 14526 97 9 12265 96 45 28572
2021 1 382 749 88 137 14 0 0 0 125 14008 14 0 12396 125 177 28216
2022 0 253 1052 94 86 50 0 0 0 136 13800 0 0 11746 163 114 27494
2023* 2 99 1020 85 63 17 33 0 85 77 14198 0 100 11317 75 65 27236
2024* 0 172 1062 0 83 16 13 0 69 0 11292 0 44 9581 56 34 22422
Table 8.1. Greenland halibut in subareas 1 and 2. Nominal Catch (t) by countries (Subarea 1, divisions 2a, and 2b combined) as officially reported to ICES.

* Preliminary figures.

Year Denmark Estonia Faroe Islands Germany France Greenland Iceland Ireland Latvia Lithuania Norway Poland Portugal Russia Spain United Kingdom Total
1984 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 398 0 0 81 0 17 496
1985 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 524 0 0 122 0 1 647
1986 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 538 0 0 615 0 6 1160
1987 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 771 0 0 259 0 10 1042
1988 0 0 9 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 901 0 0 420 0 7 1341
1989 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2038 0 0 482 0 0 2520
1990 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1304 0 0 321 0 0 1632
1991 0 164 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2027 0 0 522 0 0 2713
1992 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2349 0 0 467 0 0 2816
1993 0 0 32 0 0 0 56 0 0 0 1754 0 0 867 0 0 2709
1994 0 0 17 217 0 0 15 0 0 0 1165 0 0 175 0 0 1589
1995 0 0 12 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 1352 0 0 270 84 0 1743
1996 0 0 2 0 0 0 70 0 0 0 911 0 0 198 0 0 1181
1997 0 0 15 0 0 0 62 0 0 0 610 0 0 170 0 0 857
1998 0 0 47 0 0 0 23 0 0 0 859 0 0 491 0 2 1422
1999 0 0 91 0 0 13 7 0 0 0 1101 0 0 1203 0 0 2415
2000 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 0 0 0 1021 0 0 1169 0 0 2206
2001 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 858 0 0 951 0 2 1820
2002 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 834 0 0 1167 0 0 2004
2003 0 0 48 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 962 1 0 887 0 1 1902
2004 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 866 0 0 633 0 3 1503
2005 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 572 0 0 595 0 3 1171
2006 0 0 17 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 575 0 0 626 0 2 1222
2007 0 0 18 0 1 198 3 0 0 0 514 0 3 438 0 4 1179
2008 0 0 13 0 1 0 5 0 0 0 599 0 0 390 0 0 1008
2009 0 0 33 0 0 16 5 0 0 0 734 0 0 483 0 0 1271
2010 0 0 15 0 0 0 16 0 0 0 659 0 0 708 0 0 1398
2011 0 0 63 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 862 0 0 782 0 0 1713
2012 0 0 8 5 0 0 7 0 0 0 921 0 0 1368 0 7 2316
2013 0 0 39 1 8 0 100 0 0 0 1055 4 0 1440 2 8 2657
2014 0 0 143 8 11 19 38 0 0 0 1036 7 0 1261 1 14 2538
2015 0 0 108 14 5 14 47 0 0 0 1091 5 0 1681 8 10 2983
2016 0 353 88 2 3 3 38 0 0 0 1265 12 0 1171 0 20 2955
2017 0 519 133 4 4 2 8 0 3 72 1389 9 1 1125 3 21 3293
2018 0 574 104 9 16 2 20 0 0 199 1008 4 1 1083 2 97 3119
2019 0 588 116 27 9 6 6 0 0 348 939 119 0 932 16 49 3155
2020 0 579 123 37 3 15 18 0 0 258 1389 96 0 788 36 2 3344
2021 0 382 200 17 1 10 0 0 0 125 1617 9 0 713 14 11 3099
2022 0 253 117 21 24 6 0 0 0 136 1151 0 0 494 18 0 2220
2023* 0 99 178 7 12 6 0 0 85 75 978 0 27 611 29 0 2107
2024* 0 172 73 0 7 13 0 0 63 0 632 0 3 991 7 0 1961
Table 8. 2 . Greenland halibut in subareas 1 and 2. Nominal catch (t) by countries in Subarea 1 as officially reported to ICES.

* Preliminary figures.

Year Denmark Estonia Faroe Islands Germany France Greenland Iceland Ireland Latvia Lithuania Norway Poland Portugal Russia Spain United Kingdom Total
1984 0 0 0 265 138 0 0 0 0 0 3062 0 0 5459 0 1 8925
1985 0 0 0 254 239 0 0 0 0 0 4691 0 0 6894 0 2 12080
1986 0 0 6 97 13 0 0 0 0 0 6302 0 0 5553 0 6 11977
1987 0 0 0 75 13 0 0 0 0 0 5550 0 0 4739 0 54 10431
1988 0 0 177 150 67 0 0 0 0 0 7671 0 0 4002 0 58 12125
1989 0 0 67 104 31 0 0 0 0 0 6265 0 0 4964 0 6 11437
1990 0 0 133 12 49 0 0 0 0 0 7605 0 0 1246 0 1 9046
1991 0 1400 314 21 119 0 0 0 0 0 11189 0 0 305 0 1 13349
1992 0 0 16 1 108 13 0 0 0 0 3586 0 15 58 0 1 3798
1993 0 0 29 14 78 8 0 0 0 0 7977 0 17 210 0 2 8335
1994 0 0 0 33 47 3 0 4 0 0 6382 0 26 67 0 14 6576
1995 0 0 0 30 174 12 0 2 0 0 6354 0 60 227 0 85 6944
1996 0 0 0 34 219 123 0 0 0 0 9508 0 55 466 4 335 10744
1997 0 0 0 23 253 0 0 0 0 0 5702 0 41 334 1 46 6400
1998 0 0 0 16 67 0 0 1 0 0 6661 0 80 530 5 115 7475
1999 0 0 0 20 0 25 0 2 0 0 13064 0 33 734 1 108 13987
2000 0 0 0 10 43 0 0 0 0 0 7536 0 18 690 1 108 8406
2001 0 0 0 49 122 0 9 1 0 0 8935 0 13 726 5 86 9946
2002 0 0 0 9 7 22 4 0 0 0 5877 0 3 849 0 40 6811
2003 0 0 390 5 2 12 0 0 0 0 6713 0 10 1762 14 63 8971
2004 0 0 0 4 0 0 9 0 0 0 11704 0 24 810 4 1 12556
2005 0 0 0 3 31 0 0 0 0 0 11216 0 11 1406 0 23 12690
2006 0 0 175 0 38 0 7 0 0 0 8897 0 6 950 0 8 10081
2007 0 0 162 2 37 0 12 0 0 0 6761 0 2 489 0 10 7475
2008 0 0 646 4 38 0 23 0 0 0 5566 1 1 1170 3 16 7468
2009 0 0 379 0 13 0 10 0 0 0 6456 0 9 1531 0 60 8458
2010 0 0 255 0 102 15 0 0 0 0 6426 0 0 4757 0 22 11577
2011 0 0 467 0 45 4 1 0 0 0 7080 0 0 3643 0 4 11244
2012 0 0 553 0 37 12 6 0 0 0 7934 0 0 3878 0 14 12434
2013 0 0 739 0 150 22 6 0 0 0 8213 0 2 4144 0 75 13351
2014 0 0 741 0 255 1 48 0 0 0 8640 0 0 4800 0 184 14669
2015 0 0 614 2 221 2 51 0 0 0 8742 0 1 3691 0 79 13403
2016 0 0 986 6 216 14 37 0 0 0 10073 6 7 1797 0 19 13161
2017 0 0 841 0 161 21 2 0 0 0 10126 0 7 1853 0 16 13027
2018 0 0 296 1 104 9 4 0 0 1 11255 2 5 1398 0 6 13081
2019 0 0 232 15 95 16 4 0 0 0 12143 3 7 2754 3 12 15284
2020 0 0 385 21 34 28 1 0 0 0 11430 0 8 2690 0 3 14600
2021 0 0 530 20 123 4 0 0 0 0 9647 0 0 842 5 109 11280
2022 0 0 888 10 27 4 0 0 0 0 9814 0 0 740 0 25 11508
2023* 0 0 771 21 14 6 33 0 0 0 11421 0 36 1248 5 25 13580
2024* 0 0 969 0 35 2 13 0 0 0 8886 0 21 1101 1 5 11033
Table 8.3 . Greenland halibut in subareas 1 and 2. Nominal catch (t) by countries in Division 2a as officially reported to ICES.

* Preliminary figures.

Year Denmark Estonia Faroe Islands Germany France Greenland Iceland Ireland Latvia Lithuania Norway Poland Portugal Russia Spain United Kingdom Total
1984 0 0 0 1900 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 0 0 9641 0 5 11626
1985 0 0 0 3746 0 0 0 0 0 0 71 0 0 3221 0 2 7040
1986 0 0 36 2620 0 0 0 0 0 0 944 0 0 6032 0 0 9632
1987 0 0 0 1947 0 0 0 0 0 0 572 0 0 4735 0 17 7271
1988 0 0 0 590 0 0 0 0 0 0 239 0 0 5008 0 19 5856
1989 0 0 0 496 0 0 0 0 0 0 533 0 0 3366 0 0 4395
1990 0 0 23 942 0 0 0 0 0 0 7706 0 0 3197 0 9 11877
1991 11 1000 0 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 14369 0 0 1663 132 1 17256
1992 0 0 0 12 3 0 0 0 0 0 1732 0 16 193 23 9 1988
1993 2 0 0 8 2 0 0 0 0 30 649 0 26 158 0 14 889
1994 4 0 1 46 8 0 0 1 0 4 881 0 10 41 1 64 1061
1995 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1662 0 24 297 1022 37 3047
1996 0 0 0 47 0 0 0 0 0 0 1204 0 24 912 196 39 2422
1997 0 0 12 33 0 0 0 2 0 0 1349 12 9 534 156 46 2153
1998 0 0 10 18 0 0 0 1 0 0 915 31 19 1638 254 110 2996
1999 0 0 3 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 839 8 16 1886 318 31 3115
2000 0 0 0 5 2 0 0 1 0 0 526 3 19 2709 374 46 3685
2001 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 1103 2 22 3017 413 42 4608
2002 0 219 0 30 0 0 0 6 0 0 432 5 11 3568 178 29 4478
2003 0 0 21 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 541 4 9 1735 216 35 2574
2004 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1369 1 26 3219 182 39 4841
2005 0 170 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1223 0 12 2882 660 21 4973
2006 0 0 12 7 8 0 0 0 0 196 1647 201 20 4479 2 2 6574
2007 0 0 23 6 2 0 0 0 0 0 955 200 45 5557 11 5 6804
2008 0 0 4 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 1229 200 45 3734 109 10 5334
2009 0 0 10 19 3 0 0 2 0 0 1256 204 228 1321 202 8 3253
2010 0 0 2 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 615 3 11 1423 188 4 2260
2011 0 0 8 80 1 0 0 0 0 234 406 169 21 2628 144 36 3727
2012 0 0 2 35 3 0 0 0 0 0 476 22 1 4795 186 14 5534
2013 0 0 5 48 10 0 0 1 0 0 1136 26 5 4724 10 9 5974
2014 0 0 3 25 3 4 0 0 0 0 1321 12 0 4000 22 14 5404
2015 0 0 2 17 4 0 0 0 0 0 1042 8 0 7581 17 25 8696
2016 2 0 4 1 10 1 0 0 0 0 1594 8 12 7593 27 17 9269
2017 0 4 19 17 12 3 0 0 0 0 2226 17 5 7737 33 46 10119
2018 2 0 1 40 30 9 0 0 0 6 2611 21 0 9590 58 31 12399
2019 0 0 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 1784 0 1 8512 68 14 10385
2020 1 0 6 15 2 5 0 0 0 3 1707 1 1 8788 60 40 10629
2021 1 0 19 51 13 0 0 0 0 0 2744 5 0 10839 106 57 13835
2022 0 0 47 63 35 40 0 0 0 0 2835 0 0 10512 145 89 13766
2023* 2 0 71 57 37 5 0 0 0 2 1800 0 37 9458 41 40 11550
2024* 0 0 20 0 41 1 0 0 6 0 1774 0 20 7489 48 29 9428
Table 8.4 . Greenland halibut in subareas 1 and 2. Nominal catch (t) by countries in Division 2b as officially reported to ICES.

* Preliminary figures.

Year Gillnet Longline Trawl Danish seine Other
1984 1198 3760 16072 9 7
1985 1668 2484 15532 2 83
1986 1637 2626 18501 4 0
1987 2021 2198 14456 7 61
1988 2691 2381 14226 21 3
1989 1282 1738 15304 NA 29
1990 1264 2322 18539 0 430
1991 1904 4652 26698 53 10
1992 1598 1913 5030 33 28
1993 1497 3047 7359 29 NA
1994 1548 2319 5330 29 0
1995 1588 4167 5902 68 8
1996 1495 4582 8123 87 60
1997 998 3388 4984 15 25
1998 1327 3834 6660 25 46
1999 2570 6842 9970 75 61
2000 1765 4972 7431 62 67
2001 2111 6239 7832 124 67
2002 1737 5273 6120 117 46
2003 2049 5330 5791 242 34
2004 2384 7126 8766 614 9
2005 1842 7512 9014 441 24
2006 1503 6137 10023 205 10
2007 998 4500 9836 120 4
2008 901 3574 9318 9 8
2009 1409 4954 6567 34 17
2010 1449 5440 8166 170 10
2011 1583 5040 9807 239 15
2012 1929 5601 12337 413 5
2013 2397 5808 13600 176 0
2014 2647 6146 13628 183 8
2015 2508 6287 15778 489 18
2016 2646 7288 14771 650 30
2017 2677 7223 15832 681 27
2018 3021 7302 17423 842 11
2019 3343 7029 17335 1118 0
2020 2976 6984 17542 1055 17
2021 2930 7382 16985 884 33
2022 2996 6426 17067 990 16
2023* 3397 6244 16288 1293 15
2024* 2750 4754 13748 1154 16
Table 8.5 . Greenland halibut in subareas 1 and 2. Landings by gear (t).

* Preliminary figures.

Year   USSR catch/hour trawling (t) Norway10 catch/hour trawling (t) Average CPUE Total effort (in 1000 hrs trawling)5 CPUE 7+6 GDR7 (catch/day tonnage (kg))
    RT1   PST2   A8 B9 A3 B4      
1965   0.80   -   - - 0.80 - - - -
1966   0.77   -   - - 0.77 - - - -
1967   0.70   -   - - 0.70 - - - -
1968   0.65   -   - - 0.65 - - - -
1969   0.53   -   - - 0.53 - - - -
1970   0.53   -   - - 0.53 - 169 0.50 -
1971   0.46   -   - - 0.46 - 172 0.43 -
1972   0.37   -   - - 0.37 - 116 0.33 -
1973   0.37   -   0.34 - 0.36 - 83 0.36 -
1974   0.40   -   0.36 - 0.38 - 100 0.36 -
1975   0.39   0.51   0.38 - 0.39 0.45 99 0.37 -
1976   0.40   0.56   0.33 - 0.37 0.45 100 0.34 -
1977   0.27   0.41   0.33 - 0.30 0.37 96 0.26 -
1978   0.21   0.32   0.21 - 0.21 0.27 123 0.17 -
1979   0.23   0.35   0.28 - 0.26 0.32 67 0.19 -
1980   0.24   0.33   0.32 - 0.28 0.33 47 0.25 -
1981   0.30   0.36   0.36 - 0.33 0.36 42 0.28 -
1982   0.26   0.45   0.41 - 0.34 0.43 39 0.37 -
1983   0.26   0.40   0.35 - 0.31 0.38 58 0.32 -
1984   0.27   0.41   0.32 - 0.30 0.37 59 0.30 -
1985   0.28   0.52   0.37 - 0.33 0.45 44 0.37 -
1986   0.23   0.42   0.37 - 0.30 0.40 57 0.32 -
1987   0.25   0.50   0.35 - 0.30 0.43 44 0.35 -
1988   0.20   0.30   0.31 - 0.26 0.31 63 0.26 4.26
1989   0.20   0.30   0.26 - 0.23 0.28 73 0.19 2.95
1990   -   0.20   0.27 - - 0.24 95 0.16 1.66
1991   -   -   0.24 - - - 134 0.18 -
1992   -   -   0.46 0.72 - - 20 0.29 -
1993   -   -   0.79 1.22 - - 15 0.65 -
1994   -   -   0.77 1.27 - - 11 0.70 -
1995   -   -   1.03 1.48 - - - - -
1996   -   -   1.45 1.82 - - - - -
1997   0.71   -   1.23 1.60 - - - - -
1998   0.71   -   0.98 1.35 - - - - -
1999   0.84   -   0.82 1.77 - - - - -
2000   0.94   -   1.38 1.92 - - - - -
2001   0.82 11 -   1.18 1.57 - - - - -
2002   0.85   -   1.07 1.82 - - - - -
2003   0.97 12 -   0.86 2.45 - - - - -
2004   0.63 13 -   1.16 1.79 - - - - -
2005   0.61 12 -   1.30 2.29 - - - - -
2006   0.57 12 -   0.96 2.09 - - - - -
2007   0.64 12 -   - - - - - - -
2008   0.48 12 -   - - - - - - -
2009   0.77 13 -   - - - - - - -
2010       1.57 12 - - - - - - -
2011       2.32 12              
2012       2.06 12              
2013       2.25 12              
2014       2.52 12              
Table 8. 6 . Greenland halibut in subareas 1 and 2. Catch per unit effort and total effort.

1 Side trawlers, 800–1000 hp. From 1983 onwards, stern trawlers (SRTM), 1000 hp. From 1997 based on research fishing.

2 Stern trawlers, up to 2000 HP.

3 Arithmetic average of CPUE from USSR RT (or SRTM trawlers) and Norwegian trawlers.

4 Arithmetic average of CPUE from USSR PST and Norwegian trawlers.

5 For the years 1981–1990, based on average CPUE type B. For 1991–1993, based on the Norwegian CPUE, type A.

6 Total catch (t) of seven years and older fish divided by total effort.

7 For the years 1988–1989, frost-trawlers 995 BRT (FAO Code 095). For 1990, factory trawlers S IV, 1943 BRT (FAO Code 090).

8 Norwegian trawlers, ISSC-code 07, 250–499.9 GRT.

9 Norwegian factory trawlers, ISSCFV-code 09, 1000-1999.9 GRT

10 From 1992 based on research fishing. 1992–1993: two weeks in May/June and October; 1994–1995: 10 days in May/June

11 Based on fishery from April-October only, a period with relatively low CPUE. In previous years fishery was carried out throughout the whole year.

12 Based on fishery from October-December only, a period with relatively high CPUE.

13 Based on fishery from October-November only.

Year Norway Russia Other Total Year Norway Russia Other Total
1935 1534     1534 1980 2528 7670 2457 12655
1936 830     830 1981 3648 9276 1541 14465
1937 616     616 1982 2997 12394 1189 16580
1938 329     329 1983 4509 15152 2112 21773
1939 459     459 1984 3540 15181 2326 21047
1940 846     846 1985 5287 10237 4244 19768
1941 1663     1663 1986 7783 12200 2785 22768
1942 955     955 1987 6893 9733 2118 18744
1943 824     824 1988 8811 9430 1081 19322
1944 678     678 1989 8837 8812 704 18353
1945 1148     1148 1990 16615 4764 1176 22555
1946 1337 25   1362 1991 27585 2490 3243 33318
1947 1409 28   1437 1992 7668 718 217 8603
1948 1877 110   1987 1993 10379 1235 318 11932
1949 198 177   375 1994 8428 283 515 9226
1950 1853 221   2074 1995 9368 794 1572 11734
1951 2438 423   2861 1996 11623 1576 1148 14347
1952 2576 377   2953 1997 7661 1038 711 9410
1953 2208 393   2601 1998 8435 2659 799 11893
1954 3674 416   4090 1999 15004 3823 690 19517
1955 3010 290   3300 2000 9083 4568 646 14297
1956 3493 446   3939 2001 10896 4694 784 16374
1957 4130 505   4635 2002 7143 5584 566 13293
1958 2931 1261   4192 2003 8215 4384 847 13446
1959 4307 3632   7939 2004 13939 4662 299 18900
1960 6662 4299   10961 2005 13011 4883 940 18834
1961 7977 3836   11813 2006 11118 6055 703 17876
1962 11600 1760   13360 2007 8230 6484 744 15458
1963 11300 3240   14540 2008 7393 5294 1122 13809
1964 14200 26191   40391 2009 8446 3335 1201 12982
1965 18000 16682   34682 2010 7700 6888 647 15235
1966 16434 9768 119 26321 2011 8348 7053 1283 16684
1967 17528 5737 1002 24267 2012 9331 10041 912 20284
1968 22514 3397 257 26168 2013 10404 10306 1270 21980
1969 14856 19760 9173 43789 2014 10997 10061 1553 22611
1970 15871 35578 38035 89484 2015 10874 12953 1254 25081
1971 9466 54339 15229 79034 2016 12932 10561 1892 25385
1972 15983 16193 10872 43048 2017 13741 10713 1983 26437
1973 13989 8561 7349 29899 2018 14875 12071 1654 28600
1974 8791 16958 11972 37721 2019 14867 12196 1760 28823
1975 4858 20372 12914 38144 2020 14526 12265 1781 28572
1976 6005 16580 13469 36054 2021 14008 12396 1812 28216
1977 3017 15045 9613 27675 2022 13800 11746 1948 27494
1978 2980 14651 5884 23515 2023* 14198 11317 1721 27236
1979 2314 10311 4088 16713 2024* 11292 9581 1549 22422
Table 8.7 . Greenland halibut in subareas 1 and 2. Catch history back to 1935.

* Provisional figures.

Year Denmark Faroe Islands France Germany Greenland Ireland Norway Russia United Kingdom Netherlands Belgium Iceland Portugal Total
1973 0 0 0 4 0 0 9 8 28 0 0 0 0 49
1974 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 30 0 0 0 0 34
1975 0 0 0 1 0 0 4 0 12 0 0 0 0 17
1976 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 18 0 0 0 0 21
1977 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 8 0 0 0 0 12
1978 0 0 2 30 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 33
1979 0 0 2 16 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 21
1980 0 177 0 34 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 216
1981 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
1982 0 0 2 26 0 0 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 45
1983 0 0 1 64 0 0 89 0 0 0 0 0 0 154
1984 0 0 3 50 0 0 32 0 0 0 0 0 0 85
1985 0 1 2 49 0 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 64
1986 0 0 30 2 0 0 34 0 0 0 0 0 0 66
1987 0 28 16 1 0 0 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 80
1988 0 71 62 3 0 0 19 0 1 0 0 0 0 156
1989 0 21 14 1 0 0 197 0 5 0 0 0 0 238
1990 0 10 30 3 0 0 29 0 4 0 0 0 0 76
1991 0 48 291 1 0 0 216 0 2 0 0 0 0 558
1992 1 15 416 3 0 0 626 0 1 0 0 0 0 1062
1993 1 0 78 1 0 0 858 0 10 0 0 0 0 948
1994 0 103 84 4 0 0 724 0 6 0 0 0 0 921
1995 0 706 165 2 0 0 460 0 335 0 0 0 0 1668
1996 0 0 249 1 0 0 1496 0 264 0 0 0 0 2010
1997 0 0 316 3 0 0 873 0 163 0 0 0 0 1355
1998 0 0 71 10 0 10 804 0 470 0 0 0 0 1365
1999 0 0 0 1 0 18 2157 0 401 0 0 0 0 2577
2000 0 0 41 10 0 19 498 0 259 0 0 0 0 827
2001 0 0 43 0 0 10 470 0 324 0 0 0 0 847
2002 0 0 8 0 0 2 200 0 256 0 0 0 0 466
2003 0 0 1 0 0 0 453 0 122 0 0 0 0 576
2004 0 0 0 0 0 0 413 0 90 0 0 0 0 503
2005 0 0 2 0 0 0 58 0 4 0 0 0 0 64
2006 0 0 3 0 0 0 90 0 7 0 0 0 1 101
2007 0 1 0 0 0 0 133 0 7 0 0 0 0 141
2008 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 22 0 0 0 0 37
2009 0 9 23 0 0 0 5 0 129 0 0 0 0 166
2010 0 1 38 0 0 0 10 0 49 0 0 1 0 99
2011 0 1 39 0 0 0 95 0 44 0 0 0 0 178
2012 0 0 14 0 0 0 788 0 43 0 0 0 0 844
2013 0 0 25 0 0 0 377 0 174 0 0 0 0 577
2014 0 2 27 0 0 0 723 0 104 0 0 0 0 856
2015 0 0 34 1 0 0 1151 0 127 0 0 0 0 1313
2016 0 0 31 0 0 0 983 0 120 0 0 0 0 1133
2017 0 0 20 0 0 0 753 0 73 0 0 0 0 847
2018 0 1 15 0 0 0 472 0 42 2 0 0 0 532
2019 0 0 21 0 0 0 241 0 14 4 0 0 0 281
2020 0 0 10 0 0 0 663 0 45 4 0 0 0 722
2021 0 4 19 0 0 0 0 0 121 0 0 0 0 143
2022 0 207 9 0 0 0 522 0 150 0 0 0 0 888
2023 0 58 7 0 0 0 473 0 168 0 0 0 0 705
2024 0 44 6 0 125 0 739 0 52 0 0 0 0 966
Table 8.8 . Greenland halibut in ICES Division 4.a (North Sea). Nominal catch (t) by countries as officially reported to ICES. Not included in the assessment.

* Preliminary figures.

Year (0,30] (30,35] (35,40] (40,45] (45,50] (50,55] (55,60] (60,65] (65,70] (70,75] (75,80] 80+ Total
1984 1138 2975 5319 9159 7185 5597 2256 1731 1539 1033 536 246 38713
1985 5606 2581 5506 7348 6676 3978 2038 1279 1154 834 414 173 37587
1986 2273 3488 6409 8074 7712 6427 2596 1263 1335 918 398 142 41034
1987 1666 2857 4025 4357 3065 1670 696 505 357 162 105 31 19496
1988 1194 1975 2647 2007 1599 1179 270 282 181 69 118 77 11599
1989 419 2180 5852 6088 3742 1990 804 490 448 233 43 30 22318
1990 254 1601 4303 3911 3608 2729 915 309 204 191 41 40 18106
1991 306 1026 3632 5059 3590 2257 639 544 153 128 56 27 17417
1992 36 879 9184 16058 12586 10043 4542 2209 1322 380 173 53 57464
1993 0 72 1456 6016 9200 5377 1954 1324 991 574 145 122 27231
1994 107 87 725 5931 6872 5827 2262 927 602 314 40 41 23736
1995 0 14 1024 10123 12263 5162 1722 1063 640 371 101 32 32516
1996 0 21 1451 17480 30966 17523 5763 1852 1029 576 151 32 76844
1997 70 121 1056 7606 16561 10309 3292 1116 943 436 107 36 41653
1998 26 166 1559 7456 19972 15019 5668 1851 869 285 105 43 53018
1999 236 131 766 5583 16452 15352 6263 2966 1435 446 194 78 49902
2000 755 708 2266 8003 17910 17443 8610 3513 2125 791 221 101 62448
2001 427 1335 4399 11113 23242 20938 9356 4117 2607 1201 518 299 79553
2002 310 1407 3845 7322 9536 5214 2657 1262 678 174 64 25 32494
2003 122 1162 3339 6484 9135 5230 3218 2948 2557 722 301 187 35403
2004 266 1529 6759 9240 13358 11174 7596 5329 3867 1819 674 506 62117
2005 136 1680 4136 8258 8866 8399 4791 3777 2361 852 293 464 44013
2006 73 1565 14827 25958 25724 18234 9501 4934 3461 1506 565 504 106850
2007 678 2394 12640 14752 15438 12187 7122 3749 2186 799 273 152 72369
2008 338 2444 10242 17093 21842 24209 18308 8870 7414 3776 1657 850 117044
2009 80 3270 22312 31713 28283 24096 16933 5995 3994 2158 706 590 140130
2010 144 3998 30662 51444 39762 32576 16815 7180 6761 3539 1334 1259 195474
2011 200 1001 18079 42924 55212 46426 38215 15612 8480 6278 3031 864 236322
2012 10 524 8728 39585 41830 33768 23212 9040 5025 3093 1598 835 167248
2013 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
2014 16 1319 8446 30085 37787 26980 16527 5917 3299 1657 571 360 132964
2015 39 1119 9310 29876 34420 24963 12575 6904 2702 820 506 183 123416
2016 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
2017 7 1270 5064 14951 24982 29977 17329 7054 3473 1502 343 387 106339
2018 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
2019 144 2186 13500 27130 28572 22536 13943 5825 3080 1654 707 466 119742
Table 8.9 . Abundance indices (in thousands) of different length groups in Russian autumn survey.
Year (0,30] (30,35] (35,40] (40,45] (45,50] (50,55] (55,60] (60,65] (65,70] (70,75] (75,80] (80,200] Sum
1996 2 29 1009 10692 20030 11244 3760 1536 1014 411 133 58 49918
1997 1 80 1421 10690 19311 10802 3807 1837 1052 484 184 95 49764
1998 3 74 957 5763 14474 12658 5265 2243 1309 523 192 115 43577
1999 3 57 550 4629 13893 15236 6684 3356 2305 922 393 176 48203
2000 8 169 1121 4495 9538 11646 5816 2590 1347 590 220 111 37650
2001 22 355 1955 5980 11835 12829 6680 3084 1863 694 317 131 45746
2002 43 449 1897 5234 9620 11161 6319 2987 1571 636 239 126 40281
2003 23 748 3515 6958 10931 13029 8279 4769 2547 928 469 222 52419
2004 22 1014 3674 5504 8941 11044 6255 4019 2176 968 402 232 44251
2005 110 2128 5859 8307 8145 6792 4108 2866 1724 670 294 199 41202
2006 35 1214 5140 7416 8448 8047 5092 3315 2022 809 370 253 42162
2007 144 4034 18450 16416 10410 6954 4086 2026 1125 414 163 110 64331
2008 458 6041 12820 11714 7884 5978 3023 1743 1110 440 149 176 51538
2009 54 2645 13536 16751 11332 8344 4747 2413 1823 711 284 211 62851
2011 0 377 5536 14368 13765 10668 5352 1793 1612 881 440 330 55123
2013 4 134 2420 11053 12859 7408 3880 1389 688 357 213 115 40520
2015 9 774 3982 13688 15619 9195 4165 1859 867 440 194 151 50943
2017 18 342 2259 6006 9796 8924 5035 1841 832 259 132 125 35570
2019 0 677 4192 8117 9053 5738 3064 1215 570 222 73 84 33005
2021 86 1644 4635 10264 12302 9064 4643 2445 917 275 112 32 46418
2023 362 2698 3624 5179 6120 5472 2881 1388 557 183 44 63 28571
Table 8.10 . Abundance indices of different length groups in Norwegian autumn slope survey (in thousands).
Year (0,30] (30,35] (35,40] (40,45] (45,50] (50,55] (55,60] (60,65] (65,70] (70,75] (75,80] (80,200] Sum
1996 0 11 334 2127 4277 2893 1893 1347 942 404 133 58 14420
1997 0 42 657 2052 3711 2902 1897 1643 1008 484 182 95 14671
1998 2 26 353 1037 2785 3986 2864 2050 1281 521 192 115 15210
1999 1 11 207 880 2367 4214 3510 2996 2235 906 385 176 17889
2000 5 64 435 1083 1377 2012 2428 2109 1292 589 220 111 11725
2001 11 159 758 1407 1648 1905 2556 2595 1838 694 317 131 14020
2002 29 207 733 1243 1297 1749 2297 2352 1528 632 239 126 12434
2003 18 345 1649 2009 1670 2340 3434 4121 2493 925 469 222 19695
2004 9 445 1534 1550 1436 2113 3029 3675 2145 950 401 232 17517
2005 35 737 1910 1925 1254 1341 2093 2576 1703 668 294 199 14735
2006 19 542 2096 2163 1789 1587 2158 2890 1971 801 369 249 16634
2007 85 2111 8639 6230 2667 1620 1897 1735 1106 405 163 107 26766
2008 249 3159 5536 3703 2137 1456 1463 1577 1095 440 149 175 21137
2009 28 1052 5223 5459 3072 2176 2155 2038 1736 700 268 200 24107
2011 0 149 1623 2757 2367 1578 1063 1354 1553 875 440 330 14088
2013 0 35 492 1632 2023 1421 1004 1035 679 354 213 115 9003
2015 5 308 1385 1954 2623 2502 1694 1374 854 440 194 151 13484
2017 15 169 864 1435 1863 1725 1908 1270 820 259 132 125 10587
2019 0 321 1714 2004 1867 1530 1379 952 531 222 73 84 10678
2021 40 851 1775 1793 2203 1798 2152 2066 880 275 112 32 13976
2023 164 1284 1578 1298 1390 1338 1318 1187 546 183 44 63 10392
Table 8.11 . Abundance indices of females of different length groups in Norwegian autumn slope survey (in thousands).
Framework Reference point Value Technical basis
MSY approach MSY 19142 t Maximum sustainable yield
HR MSY 0.139 HR (>=45cm) leading to MSY
Precautionary approach B lim 33391 t Lowest modelled mature female substock biomass
B pa 46747 t B lim x 1.4
B trigger 46747 t B pa
HR lim 0.165 HR (>=45cm) leading to P(SSB<B lim )=0.5
HR pa 0.145 HR(>=45cm), when ICES AR is applied, leading to P(SSB > Blim) = 0.05
Table 8. 12 . Reference points, values, and their technical basis for NEA G. halibut.
Basis Total catch (2025) HR (2025) SSB (2026) % Biomass change * % TAC change ** % Advice change ***
ICES advice basis
MSY approach: HRMSY x SSB2025/Bpa 12 431 0.117 41 231 4.5 -42 -20
Other scenarios
HRMSY 14 726 0.139 40 214 1.9 -31 -5.4
HR=0 0 0 46 739 18 -100 -100
Assumed catch in 2024 23 050 0.217 35 756 -9.4 8.5 48
Table 8.13 . Greenland halibut in ICES subareas 1 and 2 (Northeast Arctic). Annual catch scenarios for 2025. All weights are in tonnes. The advice basis using HRMSY and three other scenarios are listed in the first column. Columns thereafter: total allowable catch

* SSB start of 2026 relative to end of 2024.   

** Advice value for 2025 relative to the TAC value in 2024 (21 250 tonnes).  

*** Advice value for 202 5 relative to the advice value for 202 4 (15 560 tonnes) .  

Basis Total catch (2026) HR (2026) SSB (2027) % Biomass change * % TAC change ** % Advice change ***
ICES advice basis
MSY approach: HRMSY x SSB2026/Bpa 14 891 0.123 43 042 9.1 -30 -4.3
Other scenarios
HRMSY 16 538 0.139 41 278 4.6 -22 6.3
HR=0 0 0 55 330 40 -100 -100
Assumed catch in 2024 23 050 0.209 33 330 -16 8.5 48
Table 8.14 . Greenland halibut in ICES subareas 1 and 2 (Northeast Arctic). Annual catch scenarios for 2026. All weights are in tonnes. The advice basis using HRMSY and three other scenarios are listed in the first column. Columns thereafter: total allowable catch

* SSB start of 2027 relative to end of 2024, i.e the cumulative change over the 2-year advice period.   

** Advice value for 2026 relative to the TAC value in 2024 (21 250 tonnes).  

*** Advice value for 202 6 relative to the advice value for 202 4 (15 560 tonnes) .  

 

Figure 8.1. NEA Greenland halibut landings. Historical landings (Nedreaas and Smirnov 2003 and AFWG).
Figure 8.1. NEA Greenland halibut landings. Historical landings (Nedreaas and Smirnov 2003 and AFWG).

 

 

Figure 8.2. Spatial distribution of Greenland halibut catches in 2024 according to Norwegian electronic logbooks, in all registered fisheries including bycatch (A), and catches where Greenland halibut make more than 50% of the total catches (B).
Figure 8.2. Spatial distribution of Greenland halibut catches in 2024 according to Norwegian electronic logbooks, in all registered fisheries including bycatch (A), and catches where Greenland halibut make more than 50% of the total catches (B).

 

 

Figure 8.3. Spatial distribution of catches where Greenland halibut make more than 50% of the total catches, according to Norwegian electronic logbooks from 2024. Bubble area is proportional to the size of single catches expressed in metric tonnes.
Figure 8.3. Spatial distribution of catches where Greenland halibut make more than 50% of the total catches, according to Norwegian electronic logbooks from 2024. Bubble area is proportional to the size of single catches expressed in metric tonnes.

 

 

Figure 8.4. NEA Greenland halibut. Biomass estimates from Russian autumn survey and the Norwegian slope survey (for females (top panel) and sexes combined (bottom panel)). Note that the Norwegian survey is run every other year since 2009.
Figure 8.4 . NEA Greenland halibut. Biomass estimates from Russian autumn survey and the Norwegian slope survey (for females (top panel) and sexes combined (bottom panel)). Note that the Norwegian survey is run every other year since 2009.

 

 

Figure 8.5. Greenland halibut abundance by sex for Russian autumn survey (Russkikh and Smirnov, WD16 AFWG 2016) and Norwegian slope survey. Russian data from 1992 and onwards are revised in 2021 (Russkikh WD12).
Figure 8.5 . Greenland halibut abundance by sex for Russian autumn survey (Russkikh and Smirnov, WD16 AFWG 2016) and Norwegian slope survey. Russian data from 1992 and onwards are revised in 2021 (Russkikh WD12).

 

 

Figure 8.6. Estimated Greenland halibut abundance (upper panel) and biomass (lower panel), by sex, from the Norwegian autumn slope survey.
Figure 8. 6 . Estimated Greenland halibut abundance (upper panel) and biomass (lower panel), by sex, from the Norwegian autumn slope survey.

 

 

Figure 8.7. Length frequency distribution in the EggaN abundance index. Note biennial surveys after 2009.
Figure 8.7 . Length frequency distribution in the EggaN abundance index. Note biennial surveys after 2009.

 

 

Figure 8.8. Total juvenile biomass indices Eco_SI_1 (10-17cm) and Eco_SI_2(18-27cm) (sex distribution is assumed 50/50 in the juvenile area) for Greenland halibut based on the Barents Sea Ecosystem Survey (A5216).
Figure 8.8 . Total juvenile biomass indices Eco_SI_1 (10-17cm) and Eco_SI_2(18-27cm) (sex distribution is assumed 50/50 in the juvenile area) for Greenland halibut based on the Barents Sea Ecosystem Survey (A5216).

 

 

Figure 8.9. EcoS biomass index for Greenland halibut in the Barents Sea Ecosystem Survey (A5216).
Figure 8.9 . EcoS biomass index for Greenland halibut in the Barents Sea Ecosystem Survey (A5216).

 

 

Figure 8.10. Length distributions (in cm) from survey data: EggaS (left) and WinterS (right).
Figure 8.10 . Length distributions (in cm) from survey data: EggaS (left) and WinterS (right).

 

 

Figure 8.11. From top left to bottom right: Catch (1000 tonnes), recruitment estimate (in millions) for 2-year-olds, harvest rate and Spawning stock biomass (SSB) and total stock biomass (TSB) for Greenland halibut as estimated by the GADGET model.
Figure 8.11 . From top left to bottom right: Catch (1000 tonnes), recruitment estimate (in millions) for 2-year-olds, harvest rate and Spawning stock biomass (SSB) and total stock biomass (TSB) for Greenland halibut as estimated by the GADGET model.

 

 

Figure 8.12. Retrospective analysis using model biomass for each modelled stock component and total biomass. Colors are scaled to the number of years removed.
Figure 8.12 . Retrospective analysis using model biomass for each modelled stock component and total biomass. Colors are scaled to the number of years removed.

 

 

Figure 8.13. Jitter results for the model. Negative log-likelihood scores of jitter runs are shown on the left together with standard deviation and CV (in percentage). Total biomass, harvest rate and recruitment are on top of each other on the right. Colour indicates the run number and is standardized across all panels.
Figure 8.13 . Jitter results for the model. Negative log-likelihood scores of jitter runs are shown on the left together with standard deviation and CV (in percentage). Total biomass, harvest rate and recruitment are on top of each other on the right. Colour indicates the run number and is standardized across all panels.

 

 

Figure 8.14. Harvest rates of short-term projection scenarios. Harvest rates are influenced by Bpa.
Figure 8.14. Harvest rates of short-term projection scenarios. Harvest rates are influenced by Bpa.

 

 

Figure 8.15. Female spawning stock biomass (SSB) of short-term projection scenarios.
Figure 8.15 . Female spawning stock biomass (SSB) of short-term projection scenarios.

 

References

Albert, O.T. and Vollen, T., 2015. A major nursery area around the Svalbard archipelago provides recruits for the stocks in both Greenland halibut management areas in the Northeast Atlantic. ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil, 72(3): 872-879.

Bakanev, S 2013. Assessment of the Barents Sea Greenland halibut stock using the stochastic version of the production model. WD14, Report of the Benchmark Workshop on Greenland Halibut Stocks (WKBUT), 26–29 November 2013, Copenhagen, Denmark. ICES CM 2013/ ACOM:44 367 pp.

Bulatov, O.A., Russkikh, A. A., Mikhaylov, A.I., Vasilyev, D. A, 2023. The estimation of reference points of Greenland halibut stock in the Barents Sea based on production and cohort models. WD, JNR-AFWG 2023

ICES 1997. Report of the ICES/NAFO workshop on Greenland halibut age determination. ICES CM 1997/G:1, 53 p.

ICES. 2011. Report of the Workshop on Age Reading of Greenland Halibut (WKARGH), 14-17 February 2011, Vigo, Spain. ICES CM 2011/ACOM:41. 39 pp.

ICES 2017. Report of the Workshop on age reading of Greenland halibut 2 (WKARGH2), 22-26 August, Reykjavik, Iceland. ICES CM 2016/SSGIEOM:16. 36 pp.

ICES. 2018. Report of the Arctic Fisheries Working Group (AFWG), 18–24 April 2018, Ispra, Italy. ICES CM 2018/ACOM:06. 859 pp. https://doi.org/10.17895/ices.pub.5608

ICES. 2023. Benchmark workshop on Greenland halibut and redfish stocks (WKBNORTH). ICES Scientific Reports. 5:33. 408 pp. https://doi.org/10.17895/ices.pub.22304638

M. Lindegren, M. Thorlacius, J. T. Thorson, B. Þ. Elvarsson, D. Gonzalez-Troncoso, H. P. Benoît, et al. ICES Journal of Marine Science 2025 Vol. 82 Issue 5. DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsaf068

Lentin J., Elvarsson B.Þ., and Butler W. 2022. gadget3: Globally-Applicable Area Disaggregated General Ecosystem Toolbox V3. https://gadget-framework.github.io/gadget3/, https://github.com/gadget-framework/gadget3/.

Mikhaylov, A. 2016. Long-term HCR-parameters estimation for Greenland halibut based on production model. Working paper, no 14. in: Report of the Arctic Fisheries Working Group (AFWG), Dates 19-25 April 2016, ICES HQ, Copenhagen, Denmark. ICES CM 2016/ACOM:06. 621 pp.

Mikhaylov, A. 2019. Update referent point estimation for Greenland halibut based on production model. Working paper, no. 21 in: Report of the Arctic fisheries Working Group (AFWG), April 2019.

Nedreaas, K. 2014. Review of historic commercial catch-per-unit-of-effort (cpue) series previously used in stock evaluation of Greenland halibut ( Reinhardtius hippoglossoides ) in ICES Subareas I and II. Are such cpue series appropriate to use in future Greenland halibut stock assessments? Working document, no 2. in: Report of the Data Compilation Workshop on Northeast Arctic Greenland Halibut and Assessment Methods (DCWKNGHD), 10–12 November 2014, Murmansk, Russia. ICES CM 2014/ACOM:65. 56 pp.

Russkikh A.A., Kovalev Yu A., Tchetyrkin A.A. Revision of Russian survey indices used for Greenland halibut stock assessment. WD12, AFWG 2021

Úbeda, J., Nogueira, A., Tolimieri, N., Vihtakari, M., Elvarsson, B., Treble, M., and Boje, J. 2023. Using multivariate autoregressive state‐space models to examine stock structure of Greenland halibut in the North Atlantic. Fisheries Management and Ecology: doi/10.1111/fme.12639.  

Vihtakari, M., Elvarsson, B. Þ., Treble, M., Nogueira, A., Hedges, K., Hussey, N. E., Wheeland, L., et al. 2022. Migration patterns of Greenland halibut in the North Atlantic revealed by a compiled mark–recapture dataset. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 79: 1902–1917.   

Vihtakari, M., Butler, W., Howell, D., Hallfredsson, E.H., Windsland, K.,Elvarsson, B., 2023. Assessment model for the Northeast Atlantic Greenland halibut stock (ghl.27.1-2). WD 17, ICES WKBNORTH.

Westgaard, J.-I., Saha, A., Kent, M.P., Hansen, H.H., Knutsen, H., Hauser, L., Cadrin, S.X., Albert, O.T. and Johansen, T., 2016. Genetic population structure in Greenland halibut ( Reinhardtius hippoglossoides ) and its relevance to fishery management. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 74:475-485.

Windsland, K., Vihtakari, M., Hallfredsson, E. H., Howell, D. 2023. Data revision for the Northeast Atlantic Greenland halibut stock (ghl.27.1-2). WD2, ICES WKBNORTH 2023

Chapter 9. Evaluation of risk thresholds in escapement rule for capelin in the Barents Sea ( subareas 1 and 2, excluding division 2.a west of 5°W )

Background

An evaluation of harvest control rules (HCRs) for Barents Sea capelin was conducted in 2024 (Trochta et al. 2024). The results of this analysis were presented during the meeting of the Joint Norwegian-Russian Fisheries Commission in autumn 2024 where it was requested (main protocol section 16.3) that lower values of the risk threshold in the capelin escapement rule be evaluated. The existing escapement rule states that the capelin TAC shall not be set higher that that with 95% probability of allowing 200,000 tonnes (now called B escapement ) to spawn, with 95% being the risk threshold currently used in practice. The 2024 HCR evaluation simulation tested the performance of alternative values for B escapement and fixed minimum quotas with the existing 95% risk threshold. A follow-up HCR evaluation was conducted for a set of combinations of alternative risk threshold values (90%, 85%, 80%, and 75%) and B escapement values (100,000, 150,000, and 200,000 tonnes) for JRN-AFWG 2025. The results of this analysis are presented below.

Results

The same simulation modelling framework and assumptions used in the 2024 analysis were used to obtain the results shown here (methods described in Trochta et al. 2024). For each HCR in this analysis, 1000 simulations of 36 year projections were conducted and evaluated. The following performance metrics were calculated:

  • Maximum risk that April 1 SSB is below Blim (from 18 years with open fishery)

  • Median number of years that April 1 SSB is below Blim (from 18 years with open fishery)

  • Median number of years that the fishery closed (from the total 36 years)

  • Median catch (from 18 years with open fishery)

  • Median SSB (from 18 years with open fishery)

Most of these performance metrics were computed from a subset of years where the fishery opened in at least 5% of iterations under any HCR, and thus disregard when naturally lower recruitment caused SSB to fall below Blim. This ensures the same subset of years is represented in the performance metrics as done in the 2024 analysis (Trochta et al. 2024).

Performance metrics were calculated from simulations for a total of 13 alternative HCRs based on five potential risk threshold values and three potential B escapement values (Figure #.1). Simulations of HCRs with B escapement =100,000 tonnes and risk thresholds of 75% and 80% were not conducted because these would not have been precautionary (>5% maximum risk) based on results for HCRs with the same B escapement and higher risk threshold values (85% and greater).

Using lower risk thresholds in the escapement rules gradually increased the maximum risk of falling below Blim, where risk threshold values less than 90% were generally not precautionary across the alternative B escapement considered. Importantly, the number of years where SSB fell below B lim drastically increased with lower risk threshold values, going from 3 years with an 80% threshold to 12 years with a 75% threshold combined with B escapement =200,000 tonnes (and from 1 year with an 85% threshold to 11 years with an 80% threshold combined with B escapement =150,000 tonnes).

Amongst the other performance metrics, non-substantial differences were seen in the number of years with a closed fishery as well as an expected trade-off in increasing yield and decreasing SSB (and higher maximum risk) with lower HCR risk threshold values (Figure #.1). More generally, similar performance differences result from either changing only B escapement or the risk thresholds. In other words, one could attain similar if not identical HCR performance by changing only B escapement and keeping the same risk threshold (95%), compared to also changing the risk threshold.

This set of HCRs was also tested against a scenario where the absolute biomass survey that takes place in the autumn prior to the advice year (and is a crucial input for the calculation of the capelin TAC) is biased upward by 10% on average. This scenario was also simulated in the 2024 analysis for testing the robustness of HCR against a set of potentially critical yet plausible realities (Trochta et al. 2024). The performance of HCRs under this scenario clearly shows that risk thresholds less than the current value of 95% are not precautionary (Figure #.2). Additionally, most maximum risk values for thresholds less than 95% are substantially higher than 5% (the precautionary criterion). No substantial differences were seen in the trends of the other performance metrics across scenarios compared to Figure #.1. Overall, using a risk threshold lower than 95% not only increases the risk of SSB falling below Blim, but potentially by a substantial amount and especially against plausible uncertainties in the existing capelin advice process.

References

Trochta, John T, Bjarte Bogstad, Yury Kovalev, Dmitry Prozorkevich, Georg Skaret, Sindre Vatnehol, and Daniel Howell. 2024. “Report on evaluation of harvest rules for Barents Sea capelin in subareas 1 and 2 (Northeast Arctic), excluding division 2.a west of 5°W – full report“. IMR-PINRO report 2024-17. https://www.hi.no/templates/reporteditor/report-pdf?id=100338&51853545.

Tables and figures

Figure 9.1. Consequences of alternative configurations of the capelin escapement rule. Rows denote the specific consequence calculated (performance statistics), columns separate the Bescapement values, and colors denote alternative risk threshold values used in the HCR. Points represent either a percentage, number of years or a median where indicated. Lines represent the inner 90th quantile of the distributions if the statistic is not a percentage. Statistics are computed from 1,000 iterations.
Figure 9.1. Consequences of alternative configurations of the capelin escapement rule. Rows denote the specific consequence calculated (performance statistics), columns separate the Bescapement values, and colors denote alternative risk threshold values used in the HCR. Points represent either a percentage, number of years or a median where indicated. Lines represent the inner 90th quantile of the distributions if the statistic is not a percentage. Statistics are computed from 1,000 iterations.
Figure 9.2. Consequences of different capelin escapement rules against a scenario where the autumn survey has a 10% upward bias on average. Rows denote the specific consequence calculated (performance statistics), columns separate the Bescapement values, and colors denote alternative risk threshold values used in the HCR. Points represent either a percentage, number of years or a median where indicated. Lines represent the inner 90th quantile of the distributions if the statistic is not a percentage. Statistics are computed from 1,000 iterations. Risk threshold values lower than 90% were not simulated with Bescapement=100,000 tonnes as these rules would not be precautionary.
Figure 9.2. Consequences of different capelin escapement rules against a scenario where the autumn survey has a 10% upward bias on average. Rows denote the specific consequence calculated (performance statistics), columns separate the Bescapement values, and colors denote alternative risk threshold values used in the HCR. Points represent either a percentage, number of years or a median where indicated. Lines represent the inner 90th quantile of the distributions if the statistic is not a percentage. Statistics are computed from 1,000 iterations. Risk threshold values lower than 90% were not simulated with Bescapement=100,000 tonnes as these rules would not be precautionary.

1 The onshore and the at-sea sampling programs coordinated by the IEO were suspended in most of 2020, due notably to administrative problems and to a lesser extend to COVID-19. This affected all stocks. Both sampling programmes are hired by IEO through call for tenders addressed to specialized companies. The public tender launched in 2019 (to start in 2020) was declared void, having to be re-launched again. This second launch was delayed as a result of the paralysis of public activity during the state of alarm due to the COVID-19 pandemic and could only be reopened in June-July. Given that the process of awarding the contract by public tender takes three-four months under normal conditions, it was finally resolved in December 2020 and signed in January 2021. Since then, all activities have been resumed. The sampling to obtain the biological variables of the population (mainly reproduction and growth) is normally carried out in the IEO laboratories. This activity has also faced problems in 2020. On the one hand the administrative and financial difficulties of the IEO prevented the purchasing of samples in the market and on the other hand the three months closure of the labs (15 March to 21 June) due to COVID-19 did not allow for a normal activity.

2 Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) in subareas 1 and 2 (Northeast Arctic); ghl.27.1-2.